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NOVITATES    ZOOLOGIOAE. 


Vol.   XXIV.,    1917. 


NOVITATES    ZOOLOGICAE. 


H  Journal  of  Zooloo^ 

IN     CONNECTION     WITH     THE     TRINd     MUSEUM. 


EDITED   BT 


LORD  ROTHSCHILD,  F.R.S.,  Ph.D., 
Dr.  ERNST  HARTERT,  and  Dr.  K.  JORDAN. 


Vol.   XXIV.,   1917. 


(WITH  TWELVE   PLATES.) 


Issued   at  the  Zoological   Museum,   Tring. 


PRINTED    BY    HAZELL,    WATSON    &    VINEY,    Ld.,    LONDON    AND    AYLESBURY. 

1917-1918. 


CONTENTS   OF   VOLUME   XXIV.   (1917). 


AVES. 

PiOES 

1.  Western  Black-eared  Wheatear  obtained  on  Tuskar  Rock  (Plate  I.). 

C.  J.  Patten 1—16 

2.  On  some  Rallidae.     Ernst  Haetert       ......  265 — 274 

3.  Notes  on  Game-Birds.    Ernst  Haetert 275 — 292 

4.  Further  Notes  on  Anthreptes  malaccensis.     Ernst  Harteet        .          .  32.3 

5.  Notes  and  Descriptions  of  South  American  Birds.     Ernst  Haetert 

and  Arthur  Goodson      ........  410 — 419 

6.  On  the  Forms  of  Coturnix  coliirnix.     Ernst  Haetert        .          .          .  420 — 425 

7.  Scolopax  ruxticola  mini  (Plate  II.).     Ernst  Hartert           .          .          .  437 

8.  On  the  Crested  Larks  of  the  Nib  Valley.     Ernst  Hartert          .         .  439 — 441 

9.  Notes  on  Pheasants.     Ernst  Hartert   ......  442 — 452 

10.  A  Few  Notes  on  the  Birds  of  Yemen.     Eenst  Haetert      .          .          .  454 — 462 

11.  The  subspecies  of  Cyanopica  cyanns.     Ernst  Haetert      .          .          .  493 

12.  Further  Notes  on  South   American   Birds.     Ernst   Hartert   and 

Arthur  Goodson    .........  494 — 501 


HYJIENOPTER.X. 

1.  Chalcididae  of  the  Seychelles  Islands.     (Llustrated.)     L.  AIasi  .  .      121—230 

2.  Eine  neue  Trichogrammide  von  den  Seychellen  Inseln.     (Illustrated.) 

J.   J.    KlEFFEE 2.30 


LEPIDOPTERA. 

1.  Classification  of  Pyralidae.     SiE  George  Hampson  ....  17 — 58 

2.  Two  New  American  Moths.     Kael  .Jordan      .....  50.  60 

3.  Supplemental  Notes  to  Jlr.  Charles  Oberthiiv's  f'anne  des  fjpidopleren 

de  la  Barharie.     Lord  Rothschild.     Part  I.     .         .         .         .  61 — 120 

Part  II 325—373 

Part  III 393—409 

(Plates  IX,  X.) 

4.  Some    apparently     new     Notodontidae.     (Plates    III. — VIII.).     Lord 

Rothschild 231 — 264 

5.  On  new  and  insufficiently  known  Indo-Australian  Oeometridae.     Louis 

B.  Peout 29.3—317 


(  vi) 


6.  Notes  on  Captures  of  Algerian  and  Tunisian  Lepidoptera.    Victor 

Fauoult 3)8—322 

7.  New  American  Geometridae.    Loris  B.  Prout  .....  374 — 392 

8.  Description  of  the  Female  of  Troides  allotsi.     H.  M.  Peebles  and  W. 

SCHMASSMANN            .........  426, 427 

9.  New  African  Geometridae.    Louis  B.  Prout 428 — 436 

10.  Description  of  a  new  Arctiid.     H.  C.  Nissen     .....  438 

11.  Notes  on  Metanastria  digramma,  with  Description.s  of  two  new  Sub- 

species.   Lord  Rothschild      .......  453 

12.  On    the    genera    Melanothrix,    Drepanojana,    Melanergon,    Paracydas, 

Cotana,  Hypercydas,  Epicydas,  and  Nervicompressa,  of  the  family 
Euptcrotidac,  with  descriptions  of  new  Forms.     (Plates  XL,  XII.) 

Lord  Rothschild 463 — 474 

13.  Some  new  Moths  of  the  Families  Arctiidae  and  Eupterotidae.    Lord 

Rothschild             475 — 492 


INDEX 503-528 


LIST   OF   PLATES   IN   VOLUME   XXIV. 


I.     Photographs  of  Oenanthe  hispanica  hispanica  from  Tuskar  Rock,  Ireland. 
By  Prof.  Patten. 
II.      Scolopax  rvsticola  rusticola  L.   and  Scolopax  rusticola  mira  Hart.     By 
Major  Henry  Jones. 
III. — VIII.     Photographic  plates  of  Notodonlidae. 
]X.     Hybrid  Saturniae.     See  p.  372. 

X.      Zi/gaena  tMryi  with  larvae,  and  Z.  lavandulae.     See  p.  342. 
XI.,  XII.     Coloured  plates  of  Eupterotidae.    By  H.  Gronvold. 

fy^-     I       f^7'"-^'-     ^^^'     A,4.<a  ^t<->-  T-v-a-^-v-'fe  ot     ct^" J^'^^f-^-  JO, 

The  Parts  of  this  Volume  were  issued  as  follows  : 

Part  I.  (pages  1—323,  Plate  I.)  :    May  16th,  1917. 

Part  II.  (pages  325—438,  Plates  II.  to  VIII.)  :    August  31st,  1917. 

Part  III.  (pages  439—501,  Plates  IX.,  X.)  :   December  31st,  1917. 

Part  IV.  (Index,  Title-page,  Contents,  Errata  and  Plates  XI.,  XII.)  :  March  1918. 


ERRATA. 


Page  496,  line  l'5  : 
Page  355,  line  23  : 
Page  269,  line  38  : 
Page  355,  line  33  : 
Page  455,  line  37 
Page  77,  line  23: 
Page  407,  line  36  : 


'  atrinncha  "  should  read  "  atrinucha." 
'  auceps  "  should  read  "  anceps." 

■  carchinnans  "  should  read  '"  cachinnans." 
'  Schwerz  "  should  read  "  Schweiz." 

'  philarhyncha"  should  read  "  ptilorhyncha. 

■  naiina  "  should  read  ''  nouna." 

'  mamorata  "  should  read  "  marmorata." 


i3Za 


NOVITATES  ZOOLOGICAE. 


H  Journal  of  Zoology. 


EDITED   BY 


LORD   ROTHSCHILD,  E.R.S.,  Ph.D., 
Dr.  ERNST  HARTERT.  and  De.  K.  JORDAN. 


Vol.   XXIV. 

%  _   »»♦••:'.'  >^       *■'! 

No.   1. 
Pages  1—323. 
Plate  I. 

Issued  May  16th,  at  the  Zoological  Museum,  Tring. 


PRINTED    nV    HAZELL,    WATSON   U   VINEY,    Ld.,    LONDON   AND  AYLESBURY. 

1917. 


Vol.  XXIV. 

NOVITATES  ZOOLOGICAE 

EDITED  BT 

LORD   ROTHSCHILD,   ERNST   HARTERT,    and  KARL  JORDAN. 


C.  J.  Patten      . 

1—16 

Sir  George  Hampson 

17—58 

Karl  Jordan     . 

59,60 

Lord  Rothschild 

.       61—120 

CONTENTS     OF    NO.     I. 

1.  WESTERN   BLACK-EARED  ^VHEATEAR, 
OBTAINED  ON  TUSKAR  ROCK  (PI.  I)   . 

:2.  CLASSIFICATION  OF  PYRALIDAE 

3.  TWO  NEW  AMERICAN  MOTHS       . 

4.  SUPPLEMENTAL       NOTES       TO      MR. 

OBERTHUR'S    FAUNE    DES    LEPI- 
DOPTERES  DE  LA  BARBARIE 

5.  CHALCWIDAE   OF    THE    SEYCHELLES 

ISLANDS L.  Masi  ....     121—230 

6.  SOME  APPARENTLY  NEW  XOTODONTI- 

DAE Lord  Rothschild  .     231—264 

7.  ON  SOME  RALLIDAE     ....     Ernst  Hartert   .         .         .     265—274 

8.  NOTES  ON  GAME-BIRDS        .         .         .     Ernst  Hariert    .        .         .     275—292 

9.  ON  NEW  AND  INSUFFICIENTLY  KNOWN 

INDO-AUSTRALIAN  GEOMETRIDAE .     Lottis  B.  Prout  .     293—317 

10.  NOTES   ON   CAPTURES   OF   ALGERIAN 

AND  TUNISIAN  LEPIDOPTERA .         .     Victor  Farouh  .        .        .     318—322 

11.  FURTHER    NOTES    ON   ANTHREPTES 

MALACCENSIS  ....     Ernst  Hartert  ...  323 


NOVITATES    ZOOLOGICAE. 

Vol.  XXIV.  MAY   1917.  No.  I. 


WESTERN  BLACK-EAEED  WHEATEAR  {OENANTHE  HIS- 
PANICA  HISPANICA),  ON  MIGRATION  OBTAINED  ON 
TUSKAR  ROCK:    A  BIRD  NEW   TO   IRELAND. 

With  Remaeks  on  the  Status  of  this  Species  in  the  British  Isles. 

By  professor  C.   J.   PATTEN,  M.A.,  M.D.,   Sc.D. 

(Plate  I.) 

IN  the  June  number  of  The  Irish  Naturalist,  1916,  p.  100,  I  published  a  pre- 
liminary note  to  the  efEect  that  I  had  received  and  identified  a  Black-eared 
Wheatear  (Oenanthe  hispanica)  *  from  Tuskar  Light-station,  Co.  Wexford. 
The  bird  was  collected  alive  in  a  disabled  condition  on  the  rock,  at  7.15  p.m. 
on  Tuesday,  May  16th,  1916,  by  Mr.  John  Glanville,  principal  keeper,  and  to  him 
I  am  deeply  indebted  for  his  kindness  in  sending  me  this  interesting  species — 
the  first  of  its  kind  from  Ireland.  The  earliest  intimation  which  I  received 
of  its  capture  came  in  a  letter  kindly  written  by  Mrs.  Glanville,  from  Rosslare 
Harbour,  dated  May  17th,  in  which  she  informed  me  that  her  husband  telephoned 
from  the  rock  that  morning  the  enclosed  description  of  a  bird  which  he  caught 
alive  the  previous  evening  :  "  Wheatear  with  black  throat ;  back  of  head,  neck, 
and  shoulders,  golden-bufE ;  lower  back,  white ;  central  taU-feathers,  black,  rest 
white  almost  to  tip,  outer  tail-feathers,  graduating." 

Knowing  that  I  could  not  receive  the  bird  until  next  relief  boat-day — a 
week  hence — ^I  wrote  to  Mrs.  Glanville  by  return  and  asked  her  would  she  kindly 
telephone  the  following  message  to  the  rock  to  Mr.  Glanville  :  "  Dehghted  to 
hear  about  the  strange  Wheatear.  Though  the  description  you  sent  is  brief 
and  general,  nevertheless  you  have  furnished  enough  information  to  enable  me 

*  I  published  a  similar  note  in  The  Daily  Express  (Dublin),  June  8th,  in  The  Irish  Times, 
Jirne  9th,  and  in  Nature,  June  15th,  pp.  321-22,  1916.  Time  did  not  permit  me  to  compare  the 
specimen  before  sending  these  notes,  and  though  strongly  suspecting  the  bird  to  belong  to  the 
Western  race,  it  seemed  advisable  not  to  state  so  definitely  until  a  comparison  was  made.  For  this 
reason  in  the  note  in  Nature  and  in  The  Irish  Naturalist  (where  the  scientific  names  are  inserted) 
only  the  binomial  expression  Oenanthe  hispanica  appears  :  this  being  equivalent  to  Black-eared 
Wheatear  generally,  the  race  undetermined.  But  knowing  now  that  this  specimen  from  Tuskar 
belongs  to  the  Western  race,  I  give  it  its  full  trinomial  designation,  Oenanthe  hispanica  hispanica, 
to  distinguish  it  from  Oe.  hispanica  xanthomelaena,  the  Eastern  form.  The  number  of  specimens 
for  comparison  which  I  had  at  my  disposal  was  too  small  to  afford  full  and  satisfactory  information  ; 
therefore,  to  be  more  certain,  I  sent  the  specimen  to  Mr.  Eagle  Clarke,  to  whom  my  best  thanks  are 
due  for  his  kindness  in  comparing  it  with  the  collection  of  Black-eared  Wheatears  in  the  Royal 
Scottish  Museum,  Edinburgh.  The  result  of  Mr.  Eagle  Clarke's  investigation  was  to  confirm  my 
diagnosis  of  the  racial  form  of  the  bird  from  Tuskar. 
1 


2  NOVITATES   ZOOLOOICAE    XXIV.    1917. 

to  say  without  hesitation  that  the  bird  is  the  Black-throated  form  of  the  Black- 
eared  Wheatear,  but  I  cannot  say  whether  it  belongs  to  the  Western  or  Eastern 
race  until  I  have  seen  and  compared  the  specimen.  The  Desert-Wheatear  has 
also  a  black  throat,  but  the  entire  tail  is  black  almost  to  the  base,  in  that  way 
quite  different  from  the  description  you  have  given.  Therefore  I  have  excluded 
the  possibility  of  your  bird  being  a  Desert-Wheatear.  I  am  glad  you  furnished 
me  with  a  description  of  the  tail,  it  has  been  a  good  guide,  especially  as  you 
omitted  to  mention  the  colour  of  the  axUlaries  and  under  wing-coverts,  which 
in  the  Bl^ck-eared  Wheatear  are  conspicuous  for  their  uniform  black  colour. 
These  feathers  alone  serve  to  distinguish  this  species  from  the  Desert-Wheatear, 
in  which  the  axillaries  are  mottled  black  and  white.  You  will  be  interested  to 
learn  that  this  is  the  first  time  that  a  Black-eared  Wheatear  has  been  recorded 
from  Ireland.  When  it  arrives  I  shall  wire  you  the  name,  feeling  confident  in 
the  meantime  that  the  provisional  diagnosis  made  in  absentia  will  prove  correct." 

On  Thursday,  May  25th,  the  bird  arrived  in  a  tin  box,  well  packed  in  cotton- 
wool. Immediately  before  being  sent  by  post  it  was  removed  from  the  spirit 
in  which  it  had  been  immersed  since  the  day  it  was  procured  ;  nevertheless  its 
feathers  were  still  quite  moist  when  I  received  it.  With  the  application  of 
gentle  heat  it  dried  out  beautifully  in  less  than  an  hour,  and  it  was  gratifying 
to  find  that  the  plumage  was  good,  and  the  epidermis  well  fixed.  As  anticipated, 
the  bird  proved  to  be  a  Black-eared  Wheatear,  and  I  immediately  wired  Mr. 
GlanviUe  to  that  effect.  Accompanying  the  specimen  was  a  letter  in  which,  in 
addition  to  the  more  usual  technical  data,  such  as  the  date,  locality,  hour  of 
capture,  meteorological  conditions,  etc.,  the  following  interesting  information 
was  given  : 

"  When  I  landed  at  9.30  a.m.  I  observed  a  number  of  birds  on  the  rock  : 
Whitethroats,  Willow- warblers.  Sedge-warblers,  Swallows,  and  three  Wheat- 
ears.  At  once  I  noticed  the  strange  bird  (one  of  the  Wheatears)  by  its  light 
plumage  and  by  the  lower  part  of  its  face  and  throat  being  black.  I  kept  a 
sharp  look-out  all  the  day  when  the  Wheatears  remained.  At  6.30  p.m.  I  caught 
a  Whitethroat  asleep  with  its  head  under  its  wing  ;  this  gave  me  some  hope 
of  getting  the  rare  bird.  I  also  met  a  large  brown  Wheatear  asleep  and  missed 
it  by  a  few  inches  ;  this  bird  also  appeared  strange  to  me.  I  next  met  the  rare 
bird  asleep  with  its  head  under  its  wing,  and  using  the  greatest  caution  I  got 
it  before  it  awoke.  The  third  appeared  to  be  a  male  Common  Wheatear.  J. 
McGinley  states  that  there  were  dozens  of  Wheatears  and  Warblers  in  the  rays 
of  the  lantern  at  2  a.m.  that  day,  the  weather  at  the  time  being  cloudy  with 
rain,  and  the  wind,  coming  from  the  S.S.W.,  was  blowing  with  the  force  of  a 
gentle  breeze  (F  3.  Beaufort  scale).  There  is  only  one  species  of  Wheatear  (the 
Common)  described  in  Morris's  British  Birds.  This  is  the  only  Ulustrated  book 
I  have,  and  so  I  am  at  a  loss  to  find  out  the  bird's  name.  I  hope  it  is  the  first 
Irish  record.  The  wind  had  been  blowing  from  the  W.,  S.W.,  W.N.W.,  and  N.W., 
for  six  days  previous  to  its  capture,  with  much  rain  and  fog." 

On  receiving  the  bird  my  first  care  was  to  take  several  photographs  of  it 
in  the  flesh,  and  then,  having  noted  the  plumage,  ascertained  the  weight  and 
measurements,  I  took  off  the  skin  and  dissected  the  body  without  delay.  The 
spirit,  in  which  the  bird  was  plunged  immediately  after  death,  fixed  the  epi- 
dermis splendidly,  not  a  feather  was  lost,  and  the  body  generally  was  in  an 
excellent  state  of  preservation.    I  made  a  first-class  skin,  which,  with  other 


NOVITATES    ZOOLOOICAE    XXIV.     1917.  3 

avian  rarities  collected  by  me,  -will  be  mounted  and  in  due  course  be  presented 
to  the  National  Museum,  Dublin. 

On  examining  the  body  I  found  strong  objective  evidence  that  the  bird 
had  struck  its  head  against  the  lantern,  or  at  all  events  against  some  object. 
For  the  vault  of  the  skull  was  deeply  indented  in  the  region  of  the  right  frontal 
bone.*  This  wound  was  surrounded  by  a  considerable  degree  of  haemorrhage. 
The  lesion  I  consider  was  quite  suflScient  to  detain  the  bird  on  the  rock  and 
to  cripple  its  muscular  activities  sufficiently  to  prevent  it  obtaining  food,  which 
consists  largely  of  insects  captured  on  the  wing.  An  examination  of  the  gizzard 
proved  my  point  to  be  correct.  For,  unlike  the  majority  of  birds  which  I  have 
collected  after  they  had  been  perambulating  all  day  on  the  rock  and  on  dis- 
section have  found  their  gizzards  to  contain  a  considerable  amount  of  insect 
food,  the  gizzard  of  this  Black-eared  Wheatear  was  absolutely  empty.  This 
demonstrated  conclusively  that  the  bird  was  too  seriously  hurt  to  hunt  for 
food.t 

In  connection  with  this  fact  it  occurred  to  me  that  it  might  be  well  to  wTite 
to  Mr.  Glanville  and  ascertain  from  him  some  information  regarding  the  demeanour 
of  the  bird  during  the  nine  and  three-quarter  hours  of  daylight  (9.30  a.m.  to  7.15 
p.m.)  during  which  he  kept  it  under  observation.  In  reply  he  wrote :  "  I  think 
you  must  be  right  about  the  Black-eared  Wheatear  having  damaged  itself  by 
striking,  as  several  times  during  the  day  the  bird  was  gathered  up  with  its  head 
under  its  wing,  and  its  feathers  puffed  out."  Here  is  strong  evidence  to  show 
that  the  bird  was  not  only  disabled,  but  was  in  a  sinking  condition^indeed, 
to  find  it  in  broad  daylight  with  its  head  under  its  wing  indicated  that  it  was 
seized  with  more  than  ordinary  sleep  from  fatigue ;  in  short,  the  bird  was 
dying  f :  hence  despatch  shortened  its  miseries  and  was  an  act  of  mercy.  In 
the  interests  of  Irish  ornithology  it  was  fortunate  that  this  Wheatear — new  to 
Ireland — fell  into  Mr.  Glanville's  hands,  as  disabled  birds  are  often  washed  away 
at  high  tide,  especially  when  the  wind  rises  and  the  sea  roughens  ;  are  frequently 
picked  off  by  Merlin  Falcons,  less  often  by  gulls ;  or  again  they  may  creep  out 
of  sight  to  die  in  crevices  where  they  may  never  be  recovered,  or  at  most  their 
fragmentary  remains  may  be  all  that  can  be  obtained  to  establish  their  identity. 
As  it  is,  a  splendid  complete  specimen  has  been  secured  and  photographed  in 
the  flesh,  the  body  has  been  thoroughly  examined,  and  a  perfect  skin  has  been 
preserved  for  the  National  Museum,  Dublin. § 

*  See  fig.  5,  pi.  I.,  and  p.  9,  for  detailed  description  of  the  injury  to  the  head. 

t  Flies  were  plentiful.  But  it  is  interesting  to  note  that  before  flies  appear,  uninjured  migrants 
(land-birds),  which  alight  on  the  rock,  will  feed  on  minute  marine  crustaceans,  vermes,  and  molluscs. 
I  have  proved  this  by  dissecting  the  gizzards  of  several  species. 

*  Many  observers,  and  especially  those  who  possess  aviaries,  no  doubt  have  noticed  how  cus- 
tomary it  is  for  a  bird  when  in  the  last  stages  of  exhaustion,  either  from  disease,  starvation,  or  injury, 
to  puff  out  its  feathers,  and  tuck  its  head  imder  its  wing,  and  not  until,  with  the  last  flicker  of  life, 
when  the  bird,  becoming  too  weak  to  stand,  rolls  over,  is  the  head  withdrawn. 

§  Wounded  or  not,  it  was  quite  right  under  the  circumstances  that  this  new  Irish  bird  was 
collected  by  a  proper  person  for  scientific  purposes.  For  the  student  of  ornithology  who  has  made 
a  serious  study  of  bird-migration,  at  rock  stations,  knows  full  well  how  manifold  are  the  dangers 
which  confront  the  migrant  which  perforce  dares  to  alight  and  tarry  en  route  on  a  marine  rock,  and 
how  difficult  are  its  chances  of  reaching  its  natural  habitat.  Nay  more,  should  it  reach  this  in  safety, 
its  foreign  appearance  in  a  land  which  it  has  more  or  less  accidentally  visited,  would  unduly  attract 
many  of  its  natural  enemies — especially  in  this  particular  case  where  the  plumage  of  the  bird  in 
question  is  markedly  showy — to  which  if  it  fell  a  prey  its  presence  i*i  Ireland  would  have  remained 
unknown^     The  collection  of  a  rare  bird  or  other  creature,  whose  status  is  as  yet  quite  unknown. 


4  NOVITATES   ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV.    1917. 

Although  the  gizzard  was  absolutely  devoid  of  foodstuffs,  the  condition  of 
the  body  was  decidedly  good,  the  muscles  firm,  and  there  was  a  considerable 
amount  of  fat  present,  especially  about  the  root  of  the  neck  and  upper  region 
of  the  thorax.  The  bird  weighed  four  drams  eighteen  grains,  being  propor- 
tionately as  heavy  as  were  any  well-nourished  Common  Wheatears  which  I 
have  obtained  on  their  regular  migrations  from  Tuskar  Light-station.  Like 
the  Aquatic  Warbler  recently  procured  on  Tuskar  Rock,  this  Wheatear  cannot 
be  placed  in  the  category  of  a  waif,  and  what  I  have  said  in  regard  to  the  move- 
ments and  fate  of  the  former  holds  good  in  the  main  for  such  in  the  latter,* 
namely  that  the  bird  had  not  been  perambulating  about  on  the  rock  in  a  half- 
starved  condition  for  some  days  before  death  overtook  it  and  rid  it  of  its  miseries. 
In  other  words,  it  was  not  a  bird  which,  becoming  separated  from  its  companions, 
drifted  about  aimlessly,  until  fatigued  or  storm-bound  f  it  sought  refuge  on  a 
rock.  On  the  contrary,  the  foregoing  evidence,  circumstantial  and  objective,  is 
ample  to  show  that  the  bird  struck  the  lantern  at  night,  was  seen  on  the  rock 
next  morning  and  several  times  during  the  day,  and  was  captured  in  the  evening. 
The  evidence  of  its  having  struck  the  lantern,  or  some  object  close  by,  resolves 
itseU  into  incontrovertible  proof  when  the  head  was  examined  post-mortem. 

Assuming  this  to  have  been  the  sequence  of  events,  it  is  interesting  to  note 
that  the  bird  travelled  ^\'ith  several  other  species  which  habitually  reach  Tuskar 
on  migration,  including  its  close  relatives  the  Common  and  Greenland  Wheat- 
ears.  J  Because  in  addition  to  the  general  statement  made  by  Mr.  McGinley, 
namely  that  there  were  dozens  of  Wheatears  and  Warblers  in  the  rays  at  the 
lantern  at  2  o'clock  on  the  morning  of  May  16th,  I  have  received  direct  proof  that 
Sedge-warblers,  WiUow-warblers,  Spotted  Flycatchers,  and  Common  Wheatears 
struck  at  that  time,  for  Mr.  Glanville  sent  me  specimens  which  I  received  in 
the  same  parcel  which  contained  the  Black-eared  Wheatear.     Now,  in  my  paper 

is  not  only  justifiable  but  highly  desirable,  provided  of  course  that  full  data  of  the  record  be  supplied, 
that  the  specimen  itself  be  properly  dissected  and  in  every  way  investigated,  and  the  skin  be  care- 
fully preserved  and  in  due  course  be  presented  to  the  Dublin  Museum,  so  that  it  may  take  its  proper 
place  among  the  National  Collection.  It  woiild  be  a  different  matter  altogether  were  such  a  species 
to  repeat  its  visits  sufficiently  often  so  as  to  arouse  suspicion  as  to  the  possibility  of  its  breeding. 
Obviously  then  one  would  refrain  from  repeatedly  collecting.  It  so  happens,  however,  that  the 
vast  majority  of  migrants  collected  alive  at  light-stations  have  proved  to  have  been  wounded  or  in 
an  exhausted  state.  Herein  then  lies  the  duty  of  the  collector  who  perchance  comes  across  such 
unfortunate  birds  to  put  them  out  of  pain.  By  such  a  procedure  he  performs  a  humane  act,  and  at 
the  same  time  is  afforded  the  opportunity  of  benefiting  ornithological  science  by  duplicating  the 
collections  not  only  of  common  but  of  many  rare  and  interesting  species,  which  if  found  unwounded 
it  might  not  be  morally  right  to  deprive  of  their  hves.  The  sitpremely  important  study  of  variation 
can  only  be  made  when  a  sufficiently  large  number  of  a  given  species  is  collected,  and  we  look  to 
those  who  have  the  unique  opportunities  at  light- stations  to  conserve  dupUcates  and  multiples  of 
rare  species. 

*  Except  that  the  Aquatic  Warbler  was  killed  outright  by  striking  the  lantern  and  was  picked 
up  dead  on  the  rook  a  few  hours  later,  i.e.  at  dawn,  whereas  the  wounded  Black-eared  Wheatear 
lingered  for  some  seventeen  and  a  half  hours  after  it  struck  before  being  collected  and  put  out  of  pain 
{"  Aquatic  Warbler  on  Migration,"  Zoologist,  March  1915,  p.  82). 

t  As  a  matter  of  fact  at  the  time  that  I  have  essayed  this  Black-eared  Wheatear  to  have  struck 
the  lantern,  the  wind,  blowing  from  the  S.S.W.,  only  registerad,  according  to  Beaufort's  scale,  a 
gentle  breeze,  i.e.  Force  3,  and  the  condition  of  the  weather  was  cloudy  and  rainy.  The  next  day 
the  wind  maintained  much  the  same  force  and  direction,  veering  and  backing  between  S.  and  W. 
In  the  evening  when  the  bird  was  secured,  the  weather,  though  foggy  (as  it  was  all  day),  was  quite 
calm,  the  southerly  wind  only  registering  a  light  breeze  (F.  2,  Beaufort). 

t  Just  as  the  Aquatic  Warbler  obtained  at  Tuskar  travelled  with  its  close  relative  the  Sedge- 
warbler  ("  Aquatic  Warbler  on  Migration  obtained  on  Tuskar  Rock,"  Zoologist,  March  1916, 
pp.  81-92). 


NOVITATES    ZOOLOQICAE    XXIV.     1917.  5 

dealing  with  the  Aquatic  Warbler  from  Tuskar  I  have  given  cogent  reasons  to 
show  that  although  only  one  bird — a  Wheatear — was  obtained  on  the  night 
it  struck,  none  the  less  this  Aquatic  Warbler  travelled  in  company  with  several 
species,  and  more  than  likely  with  other  Aquatic  Warblers,  and  it  is  all  the  more 
reasonable  to  assume  that  this  Black-eared  W'heatear  was  accompanied  by 
other  members  of  its  own  kind.*  It  is  perfectly  clear  that  a  great  company  of 
migrants  of  different  kinds  pursuing  their  regular  routes  had  in  their  midst 
as  they  reached  Tuskar  a  species  of  Wheatear  as  yet  undiscovered  in  Ireland. 

Why  this  bird  came  along  with  them  is  a  question  deserving  close  attention. 
We  are  told  that  there  were  "  dozens  of  Whea tears  "  in  the  rays  that  night. 
and  as  already  indicated  there  may  have  been  some  more  Black-eared  examples, 
It  is  quite  conceivable  that  a  small  party  of  Black-eared  Wheatears,  detaching 
themselves  for  some  more  or  less  trivial  reason  from  the  main  body,  may 
have  sighted  and  joined  a  company  of  Common  Wheatears  steering  somewhat 
in  the  same  direction.  If,  on  the  one  hand,  it  may  be  said  that  such  an  idea 
is  but  theoretical,  I  would,  on  the  other  hand,  remind  the  reader  that  in  so  far 
as  the  Common  Wheatear  is  concerned,  its  migrations  at  light-stations  are  almost 
invariably  characterised  by  marked  gregariousness.  This  is  readily  under- 
stood ;  for  it  is  an  extremely  abundant  species,  has  an  extraordinarily  wide 
distribution  on  its  vernal  migrations,  i.e.  its  breeding-range  is  of  vast  extent, 
so  that  different  companies,  as  they  forge  forwards,  are  apt  to  meet  and  join 
up,  and  in  dark  and  foggy  weather  to  be  held  up  in  large  assemblies  at  the  lantern  ; 
and,  thirdly,  the  Wheatear  is  on  the  whole  amicably  disposed  to  other  species  and 
to  members  of  its  own  family.  Hence  a  few  Black-eared  Wheatears  would  not 
feel  strange  in  the  company  of  their  larger  relatives  ;  nay  more,  being  gregarious 
themselves  on  migration,  and  being  cut  off  from  the  company  of  their  own 
kind,  they  might  well  prefer  the  presence  rather  than  the  absence  of  the  Common 
Wheatear  e?i  route.  Indeed,  being  in  the  minority  they  might  readily  accept 
the  escort  of  the  majority  and  so  proceed  onwards,  oblivious  of  the  fact  that 
they  were  out-stepping  the  normal  boundaries  of  their  breeding-range.  How 
much  farther  the  Tuskar  Black-eared  Wheatear  might  have  journeyed,  had 
it  not  injured  itself,  is  of  course  a  difficult  problem  to  solve. 

*  I  have  already  put  forward  cumulative  evidence  to  show  that  rare  as  well  as  common  birds 
are  apt  to  visit  light-stations  on  migration  in  the  plural  even  more  than  in  the  singular  number  : 
witness  occurrence  of  Tree-pipits  at  Tuskar  in  September  1913  (Irish  Naturalist,  November  1913, 
p.  220)  and  again  in  September  1915  (Irish  Naturalist,  June  1916,  pp.  90-91),  and  ot  Reed-warblers 
in  September  1911  (ibid.  March  1912,  p.  50)  ;  vide  also  remarks  in  my  articles  on  "  Grasshopper- 
warblers  on  Migration  "  (ibid.  August  1912,  p.  139,  also  on  "  Aquatic  Warbler  on  Migration  at 
Tuskar  Rock"  (Zoologist,  March  1915,  pp.  81-92),  and  on  "Remains  of  a  Tree-pipit  found  on 
Tuskar  Rock  "  (Irish  Naturalist,  June  1916,  pp.  85-93).  Indeed  the  term  "  rare  "  is  often  more  applic- 
able to  the  periodic  than  to  the  numeric  status  ot  many  species.  I  have  pointed  out  what  an  easy 
matter  it  is  for  migrants  to  escape  detection  of  the  Ughtkeepers,  because  on  striking  the  lantern 
many  may  fall  into  the  sea,  or  on  an  inaccessible  part  of  the  rock,  or  if  the  part  be  accessible  it  may 
be  uncovered  only  at  ebb-tide,  so  that  birds  would  probably  be  carried  away  at  high- water  before 
being  retrieved;  lastly,  many,  whilst  flying  round  the  lantern,  may  escape  detection,  or  at  all  events 
identification  of  species,  through  not  striking  the  glass  and  thereby  not  allowing  the  Ughtkeeper 
the  opportunity  of  bringing  them  to  hand  for  close  examination.  (Vide  my  article  on  "  Aquatic 
Warbler  on  Migration  obtained  on  Tuskar  Rock,"  Zoologist,  March  1915,  p.  83.) 


6  NOVITATES    ZOOLOOICAE    XXIV.     1917. 

DESCBIFTION    OF    THE    SFECISIZ:!]'. 

Flumage. 

Markings. — Forehead  and  front  of  crown,  silver-grey  exhibiting  a  slight 
metallic  lustre  ;  traced  backwards  over  the  rest  of  the  crown  this  shade  gradually 
merges  through  straw-colour  to  golden-buii  which  is  continued  over  the  nape, 
upper  back,  and  inter-scapular  region,  and,  becoming  darker  through  an 
admixture  with  a  greyish  transverse  band  which  crosses  the  mid-back,  is 
succeeded  by  a  broad  patch  of  white  on  the  lower  back  and  rump ;  right 
central  tail-feather  black  almost  to  the  base.  This  is  a  fresh  feather  evidently 
acquired  during  the  spring  moult.  Its  fellow  on  the  left  is  browTi  almost  to 
the  base,  shorter,  and  shows  evidence  of  wear,  and  was  acquired  during  the 
previous  autumn  moult ;  rest  of  tail-feathers  white,  margined  mth  brown  form- 
ing a  terminal  band  which  is  considerably  broader  at  the  edges.  The  feather 
immediately  outside  the  right  central  feather  is  also  new,  is  longer  than  the 
corresponding  feather  on  the  left  side,  and  has  a  blackish  margin  interrupted  by 
a  white  spot.  The  rest  of  the  taQ-feathers  are  old,  being  acquired  during  the 
previous  autumn  moult.  Lesser,  median,  and  most  of  the  greater  wing-coverts 
black,  some  of  these  feathers  showing  traces  of  buff  edgings  (these  feathers  are 
new,  being  acquired  during  the  spring  moult) ;  primary  wing-coverts  and  the 
outer  greater  wing-coverts  adjoining  them,  dull  brown  edged  with  dull  buff  (these 
feathers  are  old  and  were  acquired  during  the  previous  autumn  moult).  The  same 
holds  good  for  the  primaries,  secondaries,  and  inner  secondaries  (tertiaries),  which 
are  dull  mud-brown  in  colour,  the  huffish  edgings  being  obscured  through  fading 
and  reduced  by  abrasion.  The  scapulars  show  blackish  bases,  and  are  broadly 
margined  with  golden-buff  which  intermingles  with  that  shade  in  the  inter- 
scapular feathers.  The  golden-buff  on  the  nape  sweeps  round  the  sides  of  the 
lower  neck,  and,  becoming  poorer  in  shade  at  the  bottom  of  the  throat,  passes 
gradually  into  the  dull  impure  buffish-white  of  the  breast,  abdomen,  and  under 
tail-coverts.  The  under  wing-coverts  and  axillaries  are  black  ;  but  the  minute 
feathers  lining  the  edge  of  the  under  surface  of  the  wing,  in  the  line  of  the  bastard 
primary,  are  black  broadly  edged  with  greyish- white,  giving  them  a  mot* led 
appearance.  The  lores,  cheeks  (including  the  ear-coverts),  chin,  and  upper 
throat,  are  black  ;  some  of  the  feathers  being  minutely  flecked  with  greyish- 
white.  A  whitish  semicircular  collar  circumscribes  this  black  area  below, 
and  intervenes  between  it  and  the  golden-buff  of  the  sides  of  the  neck  and  lower 
part  of  the  throat. 

Phase. — Accorduig  to  Saunders  the  wings  (including  not  only  the  coverts 
but  all  the  feathers  of  flight)  of  the  adult  inale  Black-eared  Wheatear  in  full  nuptial 
'plumage  (Black-throated  Wheatear  of  his  time)  are  nearly  black,  and  the  forehead 
is  white,  whereas  in  the  bird  from  Tuskar  the  flight-feathers  are  nut-brown  in 
shade  contrasting  markedly  with  the  black  wing-coverts,  and  the  forehead  is 
silver-grey  ;  lastly,  the  tail  of  the  bird,  which  Saunders  describes,  shows  clearly 
in  the  illustration  that  it  has  a  much  narrower  terminal  band  (than  iii  the  Tuskar 
bird),  which  appears  in  fact  incomplete.*  Moreover,  this  band  is  described  as 
black,  not  brown,  as  in  the  Tuskar  bu'd.     These  points  of  difference  in  plumage 

•  It  is  significant,  as  Saunders  remarks,  that  the  black  margin  of  the  tail  is  subject  to  great 
diminutioa  and  partial  disappearance  with  age  (Mammal  of  Briiiah  Birds,  1899,  p.  24). 


NOVITATES    ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV.     1917.  7 

are  quite  definite  and  apparently  are  to  be  interpreted  in  terms  of  difference 
in  phase  of  plumage  according  to  age.  The  description  given  by  Saunders  refers 
to  the  fully  adult  bud  in  its  true  nuptial  plumage-pliase  ;  the  description  I  have 
detailed  of  the  Tuskar  bird  is  referable  to  a  bird  in  a  younger  jilu7nage-phase. 
It  may  represent  the  adolescent  male  plumage-phase,  acquhed  by  partial 
moult  in  the  early  sprmg  (about  February  or  March),  of  the  first  year,  and 
worn  during  the  ensuing  summer.  Should  the  bird  not  breed  at  this  age,  then 
the  phase  of  plumage  it  has  assumed  falls  into  line  with  that  worn  at  a  corre- 
sponding age  by  several  species  of  wading-birds,  e.g.  Sanderling,  which  I  have 
proved  do  not  all  breed  in  their  first  year,  yet  the  plumage  acquired  is 
so  like  the  nuptial  plumage  that  I  have  designated  it  the  nuptialoid  or 
pre-nuptial  plumage-phase.*  If  then  the  plumage-phase  of  the  Black-eared 
Wheatear  from  Tuskar  be  adolescent,  it  is  curious  to  find  that  the  moult  is  not 
quite  comparable  to  what  takes  place  in  the  Common  Wheatear  when  acquiring 
its  adolescent  plumage,  which  is  worn  at  a  corresponding  age  ;  for  in  the  case 
of  the  latter  bird  the  rule  is  that  none  of  the  wing-coverts  are  rerietved.  To  this 
rule,  however,  after  examining  a  large  series  of  specimens,  I  have  seen  many 
exceptions — that  is  to  say,  cases  in  which  some  of  the  wing-coverts  were  renewed 
but  not  on  so  extensive  a  scale  as  has  taken  place  in  the  Black-eared  Wheatear 
in  question. 

Dr.  C.  B.  Ticehurst  in  his  interesting  papers  on  the  subject  of  plumage- 
changes  points  out  that  in  the  case  of  the  Common  Wheatear  when  acquiring 
its  adolescent  plumage,  normally  none  of  the  wing-coverts  are  renewed,  but 
"  sometimes  the  innermost  of  the  greater  coverts  and  rarely  also  the  innermost 
secondary  are  moulted."  f  Though  in  my  experience  other  wing-coverts  besides 
these  are  not  uncommonly  renewed,  the  occasional  moult  of  some  of  the  short 
wmg-feathers  is  not  by  any  means  of  a  stereotyped  character  ;  albeit  at  best 
it  is  a  desultory  process,  and  the  possibility  of  its  being  in  part  adventitious 
rather  than  being  correlated  strictly  with  the  onset  of  maturity,  must  not  be 
at  once  dismissed.  It  is  held  that  in  the  assumption  of  the  adolescent  and 
subsequent  adult  nuptial  plumages  the  rectrices  of  the  Common  Wheatear  are 
not  renewed.  If  this  be  the  rule  also  in  the  case  of  the  Black-eared  Wheatear, 
then  the  renewal  of  two  of  these  feathers  in  the  Tuskar  bird  has  been  adventitious, 
that  is  to  say  they  have  replaced  two  which  have  been  accidentally  pulled  out, 
or  otherwise  shed.  In  support  of  this  view  I  may  say  that  at  light-stations  I 
have  frequently  come  across  migrants  of  various  species  in  which  the  tail  was 
imperfect,  and  which,  from  the  distribution  of  the  moult,  bore  evidence  that  the 
renewal  of  the  feathers  was  quite  adventitious.  In  regard  to  the  black  flight- 
feathers  assumed  by  the  adult  bu:ds  in  nuptial-plumage,  it  is  interestmg  to  find 
that  they  are  often  in  a  very  much  better  state  of  preservation  than  are  the 
brown  ones  assumed  by  the  birds  in  the  adolescent  plumage.     This  leads  one 

*  Vide  my  papers  on  "Migratory  Movements  of  Certain  Shore-birds  on  Dublin  Coast,"  read 
before  the  British  Association,  DubUn  meeting,  September  1908,  and  published  in  exlenso  in  the 
Naturalist,  February  lat,  1909,  pp.  83,  84,  85  ;  also  on  "  The  Pre-nuptial  Plumage  in  Calidris  are- 
naria,"  read  before  the  British  Association,  Winnipeg  meeting,  August  1909,  pubhshed  in  the 
Report ;  and  on  "  Semination  in  Calidris  armaria"  read  before  the  British  Association,  Sheffield 
meeting,  August  1910,  pubhshed  in  the  Report;  and  on  "The  Vernal  Plumage-changes  in  the 
Adolescent  Blackbird  and  their  correlation  with  Sexual  Maturity,"  read  before  the  British  Associa- 
tion, Portsmouth  meeting,  August  1911,  and  published  in  the  Report. 

■f  "  Sequence  of  Plumages  in  British  Birds,"  British  Birds,  vol.  iii.  1909-10,  p.  392. 


8  NOVITATES    ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV.    1917. 

to  raise  the  question,  Do  the  adult  birds  renew  their  flight-feathers  in  some 
cases  in  the  vernal  moult  ?  The  fact  that  these  feathers  may  be  abraided  of 
the  buff  edgings  in  varying  degrees  does  not  necessarily  negative  the  idea,  as 
such  a  process  of  abrasion  may  proceed  later  on  in  the  spring. 

Before  leaving  this  part  of  the  subject  I  may  state  that  from  a  minute 
anatomical  examination  of  the  reproductive  organs  I  would  say  that  the  Tuskar 
bird  had  reached  the  sexually  active  stage  of  its  life,  but  it  does  not  necessarily 
follow  that  there  must  be  a  strict  correlation  between  the  first  arrival  at  puberty 
and  the  assumption  of  the  full  nuptial  garb.  Many  external  sexual  characters 
do  not  appear  tUl  some  time  after  semination  has  first  manifested  itself ;  for 
example,  the  growth  of  the  hair  on  the  face  of  man,  especially  the  beard,  does 
not  as  a  rule  show  to  any  extent  until  a  considerable  period  after  puberty,  and 
many  other  examples  might  be  cited.  To  sum  up,  then,  I  would  say  that  the 
Black-eared  Wheatear  from  Tuskar  was  in  adolescent  or  pre-nuptial  plumage, 
had  just  reached  the  age  in  which  it  was  capable  of  breeding,  but  whether  it 
would  have  done  so  this  season  had  it  survived  and  had  it  met  a  mate,  remains 
an  open  question.  Lastly,  in  submitting  the  bird  to  Mr.  Eagle  Clarke  for  com- 
parison with  specimens  in  the  Royal  Scottish  Museum,  Edinburgh,  I  find  that 
his  testimony  regaiding  the  probable  age  agrees  substantially  with  that  of  mine, 
for  he  informs  me  that  he  is  of  the  opinion  "  that  though  mature  it  is  not  an 
old  bird."  * 

Condition. — The  condition  of  the  plumage  on  the  whole  is  good  ;  the  full 
complement  of  feathers  is  j)resent,  and  none  of  the  long  feathers  of  the  wings 
or  tail  are  bent  or  broken.  The  only  feathers  which  had  not  been  renewed  by 
the  spring  moult  are  the  flight-feathers,  with  the  primary-coverts  and  a  few 
of  the  outer  greater  wing-coverts  already  indicated,  and  ten  of  the  twelve  taU- 
feathers.  Of  these,  the  taU-feathers  are  in  quite  a  good  condition  and  the 
dark  band  is  but  little  faded  ;  the  wing-coverts  are  also  in  good  condition,  but 
these  and  the  flight-feathers  have  faded  to  some  extent.  The  tips  of  the  latter, 
especially  the  middle  series  of  primaries,  are  roughened  by  abrasion,  and  are 
the  only  group  of  feathers  which  detract  slightly  from  the  beauty  of  the  birds' 
dress.  The  rest  of  the  plumage,  recently  acquked,  is  clean  and  bright  and  the 
individual  feathers  are  in  perfect  condition. 


Peet. 

In  colour  the  feet  are  black,  but  the  tarso-metatarsus  (the  part  commonly 
called  the  leg)  as  distinct  from  the  phalanges  or  toes,  is  shorter  than  in  the  foot 
of  the  Common  Wheatear  by  about  6  mm.  {vide  measurements).  This  part  of 
the  foot  is  almost  as  strongly  buUt  as  in  the  Common  Wheatear,  but  the  toes 
are  more  slender,  and  the  naOs  smaller  and  shorter.  The  outer  and  inner  toes 
are  practically  of  the  same  length  in  the  two  species,  and  the  difference  in  the 
ratio  of  length  of  toe  to  nail  is  almost  negligible,  the  nail  of  these  toes  being 
but  a  mere  shade  longer  and  sharper  in  the  Common  Wheatear  ;  but  in  the 
mid  and  hind-toes  the  naUs  of  the  latter  are  defuiitely  longer,  the  difference 
being  more  marked  in  the  hind-toe  ;  yet  these  toes,  minus  their  nails,  are  almost 
the  same  length  in  the  two  species  (vide  measurements). 

*  VV.  Eagle  Clarke  in  lilt. 


NOVITATES    ZOOLOOICAE   XXIV.    1917. 


Beak. 


Like  the  feet,  the  beak  is  black,  and  in  contour  and  measurements  is 
practically  identical  with  that  of  the  Common  Wheatear. 

Bodily  Condition. 

In  the  openmg  pages  of  this  paper  I  referred,  in  passing,  to  the  decidedly 
good  condition  of  the  body,  the  good  tone  of  the  muscles,  and  the  presence  of 
fatty  tissue  in  considerable  amount,  especially  about  the  root  of  the  neck  and 
upper  part  of  the  thorax.  Here  I  may  add  that  I  examined  all  the  viscera  and 
found  them  perfectly  healthy  except  part  of  the  brain,  which  was  congested  and 
haemorrhagic  as  the  result  of  the  indented  part  of  the  skull  pressing  unduly  on 
its  surface.  The  details  regarding  the  injury  to  the  skull  showed  that  the  vault 
was  deeply  indented  in  the  region  of  the  right  frontal  bone,  3  mm.  behind  the 
right  orbital  rim  and  15  mm.  lateral  to  the  sagittal  suture.  The  indentation 
measured  in  its  longest  diameters  4' 5  mm.  and  was  2  mm.  deep,  and  in  outline 
was  triangular.  It  was  surrounded  by  a  considerable  degree  of  subcranial 
haemorrhage  (see  fig.  5,  pi.  I.).  The  gizzard  was  absolutely  empty;  the  signifi- 
cance of  this  condition  I  have  dealt  with  fully  on  p.  3. 

The  testes  showed  out  very  prominently  ;  both  were  equally  developed, 
moderately  distended,  and  reddish  in  colour.  They  were  about  the  size  of  small 
garden-peas,  the  left  approaching  a  globular  outline,  whOe  the  right  was  oval  in 
shape  and  situated  at  a  higher  level  than  its  fellow.  Microscopical  examination 
showed  that  spermatogenesis  had  commenced,  but  that  semination  had  not 
reached  full  activity. 

measurements. 

Total  length  of  specimen  from  tip  of  beak  to  tip  of  tail,  15  cm.  ;  length  of 
right  wing,  measured  from  fold  of  carpal  joint  to  tip  of  thii-d  and  longest  primary, 
8'4  cm. ;  left  wing,  8'3  cm. ;  bastard  primary,  2'1  cm. ;  length  from  tip  of  wings 
(folded)  to  tip  of  tail,  2  cm.  ;  length  of  tail,  6  cm.  ;  length  of  foot  *  less  toes, 
2'25  cm.  ;  toes  :  hind,  1  cm.  (naU  4  mm.,  rest  of  toe  6  mm.) ;  inner,  1  cm. ;  middle, 
1'4  cm.  (naU  3  mm.,  rest  of  toe  1"1  cm.) ;  outer,  9  cm.  ;  length  of  beak  (culmen), 
r2  cm.  ;  same  as  that  of  the  Common  Wheatear.  Left  testis,  5  mm.  in  length, 
4  mm.  in  breadth  ;   right  testis,  6  mm.  in  length,  4  mm.  in  breadth. 

Weight. 

After  the  feathers  had  been  thoroughly  dried,  the  bird  weighed  4  drams  18 
grains.  This  Wheatear,  while  reaching  in  total  length  that  of  the  Common  species, 
is  not  so  bulky,  and  so  its  weight,  which  is  about  1  dram  less,  is  not  disproportion- 
ately reduced.  The  ratio  of  its  weight  to  that  of  an  average  well-nourished 
Common  Wheatear  is  about  correct  ;  but  I  may  point  out  that  frequently 
Common  Wheatears  arrive  at  light-stations  in  an  extraordinarily  obese  con- 

•  In  the  Common  Wheatear  the  foot,  leas  the  toes,  measures  on  average  2'85  cm.  ;  the  hind 
toe  rS  cm.,  of  which  the  nail  measures  6  mm.,  the  rest  of  the  toe  7  mm.  ;  the  inner  toe  1  cm.  ;  the 
mid-toe  1*5  cm.,  of  which  the  nail  measures  4  mm,,  the  rest  of  toe  I'l  cm.  ;    outer  toe,  9  cm. 


2q  Novitates  Zoologicae  XXIV.   1917. 

dition,  turning  the  scales  at  Oi  or  even  VJ  drams  !  Compared  with  such  birds 
the  Black-eared  Wheatear  from'Tuskar  would  be  somewhat  proportionately 
under-weight ;  however,  I  have  little  doubt  that  extra-fat  Black-eared  Wheatears 
of  heavier  weight  occur  among  the  numbers  which,  without  undue  prolonga- 
tion or  disturbance  en  route,  affect  regular  migrations. 


TOTAL    OCCURRENCES    OF    THE    WESTERIT    BLACK-EARED 
WHEATEAR    IN    THE    BRITISH    ISLES. 

The  Black-eared  Wheatear,  which  forms  the  theme  of  this  paper,  is  the 
first  specimen  which  has  been  obtained  in  Ireland,  and  I  am  not  aware  that  it 
has  ever  been  observed  ui  the  country  previously,  but  considering  that  the  bird 
has  penetrated  farther  north  and  west,  it  is  quite  likely  that  it  has  reached  the 
Irish  coast  on  previous  occasions,  but  has  passed  unnoticed  ;  now,  however,  with 
the  production  of  a  specimen,  the  record  of  its  occurrence  has  been  rendered 
authentic,  and  the  bird  accordingly  takes  its  place  on  the  Irish  List.  The  records 
in  Great  Britain  have  been  actually  more  frequent  of  latter  years — I  shall  point 
out  the  reason  for  this  further  on  when  dealing  with  the  status  of  the  bird — here, 
however,  it  is  convenient  to  state  that  as  the  Black-eared  ^Vheatear  was  formerly 
looked  upon  as  a  distinct  species  from  the  Black-throated  Wheatear,  its  rarity 
appeared  still  more  marked.  Now,  however,  it  is  recognised  that  there  is  only 
one  species,  some  members  of  which  exhibit  black  throats,  others  a  whitish 
shade  *  (Hartert).  Adopting  the  modern  name  of  Western  Black-eared  Wheatear, 
and  including  birds  in  both  phases  of  plumage,  we  find  that  the  total  occur- 
rences up  to  the  present  time  in  Great  Britam  are  as  follows  :  One,  an  adult 
male  with  a  black  throat,  obtained  near  Bury,  Lancashire,  on  May  8th,  1875; 
one,  also  an  adult  male  with  a  black  throat,  seen,  but  not  obtained,  by  Mr.  H.  B. 
Hewetson,  near  Spurn,  Yorkshire,  on  September  18th,  1892.  The  above  instances 
are  taken  from  Saunders's  Manual  of  British  Birds,  second  edition,  1899,  p.  23.t 
The  following  occurrences  have  been  recorded  subsequent  to  the  publication  of 
Saunders's  Manual :  One,  a  male,  obtained  near  Polegate,  Sussex,  on  May  28th, 
1902  ;  one,  an  adult  male,  obtained  near  Hoo,  Sussex,  on  May  22nd,  1905  {  ;  one, 
an  adult  male  with  a  black  throat,  obtained  near  Lydd,  Kent,  on  Maj'  23rd,  1906.§ 
The  above  three  instances  have  been  gleaned  from  a  paper  in  British  Birds, 
vol.  i.  pp.  6,  7,  by  Saunders,  entitled,  "  Additions  to  the  List  of  British  Birds 
since  1899."     Still  later  notices  of  the  occurrences  of  this  Wheatear  in  Great 

•  Vide  "Notes  on  Various  Species  of  British  Birds  "  (from  Part  VI.  Vogel  d.  pal.  Fauna),  by 
Dr.  Ernst  Hartert;  British  Birds,  vol.  xv.  1910-11.  pp.  131-2. 

t  Described  by  Saunders  as  Black-throated  Wheatears  {Saxicola  stapazina),  the  light- throated 
form,  the  true  Black-eared  Wheatear  of  that  period  (iS.  aurita),  then  unknown  to  have  visited  the 
British  Isles. 

I  These  two  birds,  showing  whitish  throats,  were  regarded  as  examples  of  the  true  Western 
Black-eared  Wheatear  {S.  caterinae),  and  were  recorded  as  the  first  and  second  of  their  kind  obtained 
in  the  British  Isles.  In  reaUty  they  represent  the  third  and  fourth  recorded  occurrences,  and  the 
second  and  third  specimens  actually  brought  to  hand. 

§  Described  as  a  Black-throated  Wheatear  (S.  occidentalix),  and  recorded  as  the  second  of 
its  kind  obtained  in  the  British  Isles.  In  reality  it  was  the  fourth  Western  Black-eared  Wheatear 
obtained  and  the  fifth  recorded.  N.B. — The  specific  name  occidentalis  was  adopted  because  the 
name  atapazina  was  transferred  to  represent  the  specific  name  of  the  Eastern  Black-eared  Wheatear. 


NOVITATES   ZOOLOGICAE   XXIV.    1917.  11 

Britain  are  as  follows  :  One,  a  male,  obtained  at  Winchelsea,  Sussex,  on  May  2nd, 
1907  (J.  B.  Nichols,  British  Birds,  vol.  i.  1907-8,  p.  185)  *  ;  one,  a  male  with  a 
black  throat,  obtamed  at  Fair  Isle,  Scotland,  on  September  25th,  1907  (W. 
Eagle  Clarke,  Studies  in  Bird  Migration,  vol.  ii.  p.  145  ;  Annals  of  Scottish  Natural 
History,  1907,  p.  246,  and  ibid.  1908,  pp.  72-85;  and  Witherby,  British  Birds, 
vol.  i.  p.  382)  f  ;  one,  a  female  in  winter  dress,  obtained  at  St.  Kilda,  on  Septem- 
ber 21st,  1911  (W.  Eagle  Clarke,  Studies  in  Bird  Migration,  vol.  ii.  p.  217)  f  ;  two 
males,  each  with  a  black  throat,  obtamed  near  Winchelsea,  Sussex,  respectively 
on  May  16th  and  19th,  1912  (J.  B.  Nichols,  British  Birds,  vol.  vi.  1912-13, 
p.  184)  §  ;  one,  a  male,  the  colour  of  throat  not  mentioned,  obtamed  at  HoUington, 
Sussex,  on  May  5th,  1915  (H.  W.  Ford-Lmdsay,  British  Birds,  vol.  ix.  1915-16, 
p.  121)  II ;  one,  a  male  with  "  no  frontal  band  of  black,"  obtained  at  St.  Leonards, 
Sussex,  on  October  30th,  1915  (H.  Ford-Lindsay,  ibid.  p.  249)11;  one,  an  adolescent 
male  with  a  black  throat,  obtained  on  Tuskar  Rock,  co.  Wexford,  on  May  16th, 
1916  (C.  J.  Patten,  Dublin  Daily  Express,  June  8th,  1916;  Irish  Times,  June 
9th,  1916  ;  Nature,  June  15th,  1916,  pp.  321,  322  ;  Irish  Naturalist,  June  1916, 
p.  100)  **  ;  this,  the  most  recent  occurrence,  completes  the  number  of  British- 
taken  specimens  up  to  date. 

*  Described  as  the  Western  Black-eared  Wheatear  {S.  caterinae),  and  recorded  as  the  third 
obtained  in  the  British  Isles ;    in  reality  it  was  the  fifth  obtained  and  sixth  recorded. 

t  Described  as  the  Black-throated  Wheatear  {S.  occidenkilis)  and  recorded  as  the  third  British 
and  first  Scottish  example  procured.  In  reality  it  was  the  sixth  Western  Black-eared  Wheatear 
obtained  in  Great  Britain  and  the  seventh  recorded,  and  the  first  from  Scotland.  A  ready  and 
concisely  drawn-up  reference  to  the  above  seven  records  is  to  be  found  in  Dr.  Hartert's  Hand-list  of 
British  Birds,  1912,  p.  81.  AU  these  birds  have  been  included  under  the  one  name  of  the  Western 
Black-eared  Wheatear  {Oenanthe  h.  hispanica) ;  tlie  question  of  there  being  only  one  species,  dimorphic 
in  the  plumage  of  the  throat,  having  been  answered  in  the  affirmative,  the  name  Black-throated 
was  abandoned.  The  alteration  in  the  nomenclature  is  the  outcome  of  Dr.  Hartert's  researches, 
and  is  now  widely  adopted. 

J  Here  named  Black-throated  Wheatear  {Saxicola  hispanica),  and  recorded  as  the  second 
specimen  obtained  in  Scotland ;  this  bird  was  entered  as  the  Western  Black-eared  Wheatear 
{Oen^anthe  h.  hispanica)  in  a  paper  in  British  Birds,  vol.  vi.  1912-13,  p.  152,  by  the  Editors,  entitled 
"  Additional  Records  from  Fair  Isle  and  St.  Kilda."  This  paper  appeared  subsequent  to  the  publication 
of  Dr.  Hartert's  Hand-list  of  British  Birds,  and  as  a  result  his  nomenclatural  and  vernacular  names 
for  the  species  have  l^een  adopted.  It  is  interesting  to  note  that  Mr.  Eagle  Glarlie  while  still  adhering 
to  the  older  name  of  Black-throated  Wheatear  had  already  adopted  the  same  specific  name  of 
hispanica  as  did  Dr.  Hartert  instead  of  occidentalis.  This  bird  represents  the  seventh  Western  Black- 
eared  Wheatear  obtained,  and  the  eighth  recorded  in  Great  Britain,  and  the  second  obtained  in 
Scotland. 

§  Both  named  the  Black-throated  form  of  the  Western  Black-eared  Wheatear,  of  which  form 
only  four  previous  captures  had  been  made  in  Great  Britain.  This  statement  is  correct.  However, 
proceeding  with  statistics  regarding  both  forms  we  find  these  two  birds  to  be  the  eighth  and  ninth 
obtained,  and  the  ninth  and  tenth  recorded  in  Great  Britain. 

II  The  title  of  the  note  here  is  "  Western  Black-eared  AVheatear  in  Sussex,"  but  in  the  text 
Mr.  Ford-Lindsay  speaks  of  the  bird  as  the  Black-throated  Wheatear  ;  hence  I  presume  it  is  s 
Black-throated  form  and  have  entered  it  as  such  in  the  synoptical  tables  (A)  and  (C).  It  represents 
the  tenth  specimen  obtained  and  the  eleventh  recorded  in  the  British  Isles  of  the  Western  Black- 
eared  Wheatear. 

^  Designated  Western  Black-throated  Wheatear,  yet  while  this  older  vernacular  name  is  used, 
the  most  modern  trinomial  nomenclatural  term,  viz.  Oenanthe  h.  hispanica,  is  applied.  This  biid 
is  the  eleventh  obtained  and  the  twelfth  recorded  in  the  British  Isles  of  the  Western  Black-eared 
Wlieatear. 

**  Called  Black-eared  Wheatear  [Oenanthe  hispanica),  the  racial  form  being  undetermined 
when  these  preUminary  notes  were  sent  to  press.  In  the  Dublin  daily  papers  above  mentioned,  I 
did  not  insert  the  scientific  names.  This  bird  is  the  twelftli  obtained  and  the  thirteenth 
recorded  in  the  British  Isles,  and  the  first  obtained  in  Ireland,  of  the  Western  Black-eared 
Wheatear. 


12 


XOVITATES    ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV.     191" 


SYNOPTIC    TABLES. 

A.    TABLE   SHOWING   AUTHENTIC  BRITISH  RECORDS  IN   SERIAL   ORDER  OF  THE 

BLACK-THROATED    FORM. 


Serial  Record. 

Sei. 

Date. 

LocaUty. 

First  British 

Male 

May  8th,  1875 

Lancashire. 

Second  British 

Male 

May  23rd,  1900 

Kent. 

Third  British  and  First  Scotch 

Male 

Sept.  25th,  1907 

Fair  Isle. 

Fourth  British  and  Second  Scotch 

Female 

Sept.  2nd,  1911 

St.  Kilda. 

Fifth  British 

Male 

May  16th,  1912 

Sussex. 

Sixth  British 

Male 

May  19th,  1912 

Sussex. 

Seventh  British 

Male 

May  5th,  1915 

Sussex. 

Eighth  British  and  First  Irish 

Male 

May  16th,  1916 

Wexford. 

B.    TABLE   SHOWaNG  AUTHENTIC  BRITISH  RECORDS  IN   SERIAL 

LIGHT-THROATED    FORM. 


ORDER   OF  THE 


Serial  ReconJ. 

Sex. 

Date. 

Locality. 

First  British 

Male 

May  28th,  1902 

Sussex. 

Second  British 

Male 

May  22nd,  1905 

Sussex. 

Third  British 

Male 

May  2nd,  1907 

Sussex. 

Fourth  British 

Male 

Oct.  30th,  1915 

Sussex. 

C.    TABLE   SHOWING  AUTHENTIC   BRITISH  RECORDS   IN   SERIAL  ORDER  OF  THE 
TWO    FORMS    TAKEN   TOGETHER. 


Serial  Record. 

Sex. 

Date. 

Locality. 

First  British 

Male 

May  8th,  1875 

Lancashire. 

•Second  British 

Male 

May  28th,  1902 

Sussex. 

•Third  British 

Male 

May  22nd,  1905 

Sussex. 

Fourth  British 

Male 

May  23rd,  1906 

Kent. 

•Fifth  British 

Male 

May  2nd,  1907 

Sussex. 

Sixth  British  and  First  Scotch 

Male 

Sept.  25th,  1C07 

Fair  Isle. 

Seventh  British  and  Second  Scotch 

Female 

Sept.  2nd,  1911 

St.  Kilda. 

Eighth  British 

Male 

May  16th,  1912 

Sussex. 

Ninth  British 

Male 

May  19th,  1912 

Sussex. 

Tenth  British 

Male 

May  5th.  1915 

Sussex. 

•Eleventh  British 

Male 

Oct.  30th,  1915 

Sussex. 

Twelfth  British  and  First  Irish 

Male 

May  16th,  1916 

Wexford. 

N.B. — The  light-throated  forms  are  marked  with  an  asterisk.  The  first  two  of  these  records 
(second  and  third  British)  are  interposed  between  the  records  of  the  first  and  second  Black-throated 
forms  ;  the  third  (fifth  British)  between  the  second  and  third  Black-throated  forms  ;  and  the  fourth 
(the  eleventh  British)  between  the  seventh  and  eighth  Black-throated  forni.s. 


NOVITATES    ZOOLOOICAE    XXIV.     1917.  13 

It  may  now  be  observed  from  the  above  statistics  that,  during  a  period 
lasting  forty-one  years,  namely,  from  May  8th,  1875,  when  the  first  bird  was 
obtained,  to  May  16th,  1916,  when  the  latest  to  date  was  obtained,  thirteen 
examples  have  been  recorded,  which,  with  the  exception  of  one,  have  all  been 
handled  and  identified  beyond  doubt.  Nine  of  the  twelve  authentic  records, 
that  is  to  say  three-fourths,  come  from  England  ;  two,  or  one-sixth,  from  Scot- 
land ;    and  one,  or  one-twelfth,  from  Ireland. 


STATUS   OF    THE    WESTERIT    BLACE-EABED    WHEATEAB   AS   A 

BRITISH    BIRD. 

During  latter  years  this  Wheatear  has  been  more  frequently  recorded  than 
formerly,  and  though  it  may  be  correct  to  regard  it  still  a  rare  bird,  obviously 
it  is  less  so  than  was  supposed.  As  I  have  already  pointed  out  when  framing 
the  status  of  other  rare  British  birds — e.g.  Aquatic  and  Icterine  Warblers  * — 
the  study  of  ornithology  has  found  much  favour  of  late,  and  many  more  workers 
have  made  a  special  study  of  migration,  not  only  on  the  mainland  but  at  light- 
stations  buUt  on  rocks  and  islands  some  mUes  ofE  the  coast,  and  situated  so  as 
to  lie  along  and  often  to  intersect  important  migration-routes.  Added  is  the 
valuable  co-operation  and  increasing  vigilance  of  the  light-keepers  ;  the  result 
is  that  the  number  of  records  of  heretofore  supposed  very  rare  birds  has  markedly 
increased,  and  in  many  cases  the  status  of  species  calls  for  revision. 

It  requires  but  a  passing  glance  at  the  synoptical  table  (C)  to  find 
that  while  twenty-seven  years  elapsed  between  the  capture  of  the  first  and 
■second  birds,  i.e.  May  8th,  1875,  to  May  28th,  1902,  from  the  latter  date 
onward  this  Wheatear  has  been  recorded  almost  annually,  and  in  some  seasons 
even  in  the  plural  number.  Most  specimens  have  been  taken  in  Sussex, 
due  no  doubt  largely  to  the  fact  that  this  county  possesses  keen  observers  ; 
albeit  there  is  every  reason  to  think  that  this  Southern  European  Wheatear, 
in  affecting  its  normal  vernal  migration-range,  may  betimes  somewhat  slightly 
overshoot  the  mark  and  arrive  on  the  coasts  of  other  British  maritime  southern 
counties.  Unlike  the  Icterine  and  Aquatic  Warbler,  which  normally  push 
far  enough  north  to  breed  in  latitudes  on  the  Continent  corresponding  to — 
and  in  the  case  of  the  Icterine  Warbler,  even  beyond — those  of  our  Isles,  the 
northern  limit  of  the  vernal  migration-range  of  the  Western  Black-eared  Wheatear 
is  said  to  be  limited  by  the  River  Loire  in  France.  With  this  more  restricted 
breeding-range  the  species  could  hardly  be  expected  to  visit  the  higher  latitudes 
of  the  British  Isles  with  any  degree  of  regularity.  It  may  be  safer  to  regard 
its  visits  to  Yorkshire,  Lancashire,  and  in  a  far  greater  degree  to  St.  Kilda  and 
Fair  Isle,  as  quite  exceptional.  This  is  borne  out  by  the  fact  that  Mr.  Eagle 
Clarke  has  only  obtained  it  once  from  these  Scottish  islands,  a  contrast  to  the 
visits  of  the  Icterine  Warbler  to  Fair  Isle,  where  it  "  occurred  annually  on  the 
island  during  recent  years  in  spring  or  autumn  or  both."  f 

The  visit  of  the  Western  Black-eared  Wheatear  to  Tuskar  Rock  is  not 
altogether  surprising.     The  situation  of  this  station  lies  along  the  line  of  the 

*  Vide  papers  on  "Aquatic  and  Icterine  Warblera  obtained  on  Tuskar  Rock,"  Zoologist,  March 
1915,  pp.  82-92,  and  iUd.  February  191G,  pp.  41-54. 

t  "  Notes  on  the  Migratory  Birds  observed  at  Fair  Isle  in  1914,"  ScoUiah  Naturalist,  May  1915, 
p.  104. 


14  NOVITATES   ZOOLOQICAE   XXIV.    1917. 

migration-route  of  birds  pushing  up  towards  the  south-west  sea-board  of  England, 
and  it  requires  but  little  extension  of  a  north-west  flight  for  a  bird  to  reach  a 
rock  off  the  south-east  corner  of  Ireland — e.g.  Tuskar — instead  of  the  coast  of 
Devonshire  or  Cornwall.  In  support  of  this  argument  it  should  be  remembered 
that  the  Wheatear  as  a  class  is  a  strong  and  very  energetic  bird,  endowed  with 
powerful,  well  sustained,  and  rapid  flight.*  Again,  the  geographical  distribution 
of  the  breeding-grounds  of  the  Common  Wheatear,  in  -nhich  may  be  included 
the  Greenland  form,  is  of  very  considerable  extent,  and  for  aught  we  know 
the  breeding-ground  of  the  Western  Black-eared  Wheatear  may  be  wider  than 
we  are  aware  of,  nor  should  the  question  of  the  possibility  of  its  breeding-range 
becoming  more  extensive  of  later  years  be  altogether  neglected.  Not  that  I  wish 
to  imply  that  the  bird  resorts  or  has  resorted  to  the  south  of  Ireland  to  breed , 
we  have  no  evidence  whatever  to  substantiate  this  view.  For  the  present 
I  am  content  to  regard  the  visit  of  the  bird  to  Tuskar  as  representing  a  pro- 
longation in  flight  of  one  of  the  numbers  which  make  for  the  southern  sea-board 
of  England,  where  the  status  of  such  birds  requires  close  scrutiny.  And  indeed 
it  seems  particularly  interesting  at  this  juncture  to  bear  in  mind  that  not  one 
of  the  eight  birds  taken  in  the  South  of  England  met  its  death  at  a  light-station 
by  striking  the  lantern,  or  such  like  accident,  f 

In  other  words  there  is  no  evidence  to  show  that  fog  was  encountered,  and 
that  any  of  these  birds,  becoming  bewildered  during  their  nocturnal  movements 
by  the  glare  of  the  lantern,  deviated  from  or  were  delayed  on  their  accustomed 
route.  Indeed  the  question  of  the  possibility  of  these  eight  Black-eared  Wheat- 
ears  arriving  in  the  south  of  England,  not  as  vagrants,  waifs,  refugees,  or  mere 
accidental  visitors,  but  as  genuine  summer-visitors,  prepared  to  breed  if  suitable 
nesting-sites  presented  themselves,  must  not  be  summarily  dismissed.  Wheat- 
ears  as  a  class  are  not  particularly  fastidious  in  their  choice  of  nesting-sites, 
provided  they  can  secure  cover  in  some  open  upland  country  among  stone-walls, 
burrows,  crevices,  etc.  However,  it  is  rather  curious  that  these  eight  birds  were 
all  males  J  :  possibly,  however,  they,  or  some  of  them,  may  have  had  their 
consorts  with  them,  but  the  latter  being  less  showy  were  overlooked. 

On  the  other  hand,  supposing  the  view  be  adopted  that  these  Wheatears 
were  accidental  visitors  which  overshot  their  breeding  migration-range,  then 
possibly  the  males,  stronger,  more  ardent,  and  energetic,  might  more  readily  go 
astray.  The  weight  of  this  hypothesis  becomes  much  reduced  on  closer  study, 
for  accidental  visitors  are  frequently  represented  by  females  as  well  as  by  males, 
for  example  the  Dartford,  Aquatic,  and  Icterine  ^^'arblers,  taken  recently  on 
Tuskar  Rock,  were  females,  and  many  others  might  be  cited.  But  whatever 
may  have  been  the  vis  a  iergo  which  propelled  these  Wheatears  to  travel  beyond 
their  normal  limit  and  to  reach  the  southern  shores  of  England,  I  think  it  is 

*  On  rock  light-stations  oH  the  coast  of  Ireland,  Wheatears  are  harassed  and  preyed  upon 
to  a  large  extent  by  Merlin  Falcons.  I  have  witnessed  over  and  over  again  the  .speed  and  adroitness 
in  turning  and  the  endurance  on  the  \ring  displayed  by  the  Wheatear  when  closely  pursued,  and 
many  times  I  have  perceived  the  Falcon  relinquish  the  chase. 

t  The  one  other  bird  which  completes  the  number  at  present  known  to  have  been  taken  in 
England,  namely  the  Lancashire  bird,  did  not  strike  a  lantern  on  the  coast  either,  but  it  is  more 
expedient  not  to  include  it  in  the  text  with  the  south  of  England  birds  seeing  that  its  visit  was  more 
likely  accidental  than  other\\ise. 

X  Moreover,  the  vagrants  to  Tuskar,  Lancashire,  and  Fair  Isle,  were  males,  the  only  female 
being  the  bird  which  wandered  to  the  outlying  island  of  St.  Kilda.  In  short,  eleven  of  the  twelve 
British-taken  Western  Black-oared  Wheatears  proved  to  be  of  the  male  sex. 


NOTITATES    ZOOLOGICAE   XXIV.     1!)17.  15 

more  likely  than  not  that  the  birds  come  under  the  category  of  occasional  if 
not  annual  summer-visitors  rather  than  accidental  vagrants.  It  has  not  yet  been 
proved  that  their  visits  are  annual  and  regular ;  at  the  same  time  the  evidence, 
as  it  accumulates,  points  in  that  direction. 

With  the  data  at  our  disposal  the  question  in  regard  to  the  periodic  status 
of  the  bird  is  becoming  unfolded,  and  so  far  as  our  present  knowledge  goes  would 
read  somewhat  as  follows  :  A  frequent,  and  quite  likely  an  annual,  summer-visitor 
to  the  southern  counties  of  England,  and  occurring  as  a  very  rare  vagrant  in 
more  northern  latitudes  of  the  British  Isles.  What  the  numeric  status  may  be 
remains  to  be  seen.  It  is  certain,  however,  that  those  specimens  obtained  do  not 
by  any  means  exhaust  the  numbers  which  appeared  each  season.  If  we  adopt  the 
estimate  made  by  such  competent  authorities  as  Dr.  E.  Hartert,  Rev.  F.  C.  R. 
Jourdain,  Dr.  N.  F.  Ticehurst,  and  Mr.  H.  F.  Witherby,  namely,  that  for  every 
straggler  vihich  is  identified  and  recorded,  at  least  ten  go  past  unidentified  and 
unrecorded,*  and  admitting  the  Western  Black-eared  Wheatear  to  be  a  frequent 
summer-visitor  rather  than  a  mere  straggler,  it  seems  to  me  proportionate  if  the 
numbers  which  escape  detection  in  a  given  area  where  the  bird  has  occurred 
be  estimated  at  twenty  times  greater.  If  for  the  present  such  an  estimate  be 
granted,  then  the  numeric  status  of  the  bird  might  be  put  down  as  "  occurring  in 
very  small  numbers." 

The  complete  status  of  this  Wheatear  might  then  read  as  follows  :  A  frequent, 
quite  likely  an  annual  visitor  to  the  southern  counties  of  England,  occurring 
in  very  small  numbers,  and  a  very  rare  vagrant  to  more  northern  latitudes  in 
the  British  Isles.  In  regard  to  Ireland  apart  from  Great  Britain,  it  is  impossible 
with  but  one  specimen  at  our  disposal,  this  representing  the  sole  record  known 
up  to  the  present,  to  set  forth  the  status  of  the  bird.  If,  as  already  suggested, 
the  Tuskar  bird  represents  one  of  the  South  of  England  visitors  which  prolonged 
its  journey  slightly,  with  negligible  deviation  of  route,  it  might  be  appropriately 
called  for  the  present  an  expectant,  rather  than  a  mere  haphazard  accidental 
vagrant.  This  much  may  be  added,  however,  in  conclusion,  that,  while  on  the  one 
hand  the  Black-eared  Wheatear  is  a  migrant  in  summer  to  more  southern  European 
latitudes ;  on  the  other  hand,  being  a  bird  of  strong  flight  and  energy,  it  may 
be  led  to  overstep  the  boundary  of  its  breeding-range  more  readily  and  oftener 
than  has  been  supposed,  and,  if  a  sharp  look-out  be  kept,  it  may  be  found  visiting 
Ireland  again  at  no  distant  date.  Its  chances  of  fraternising  xn  flight  with 
some  of  the  thousands  of  Common  and  Greenland  Wheatears  which  reach  Tuskar 
annually  in  spring,  and  thence  of  alighting  on  Irish  soil,  are  not  improbable. 
We  have  seen  that  the  Tuskar  bird  arrived  synchronously  with  several  Common 
Wheatears  and  many  other  species  which  habitually  visit  Tuskar  on  spring 
migration  ;  that  it  was  in  good  condition  ;  and  was  not  a  waif  which  had  drifted 
about  aimlessly,  untU  fatigue  or  storm-bound  it  sought  refuge  on  the  rock.  In 
truth  it  was  affecting  a  vigorous  migration.  Such  are  hopeful  signs  that  it 
will  re-visit  Ireland.     I  fervently  hope  so. 

GENERAI.    GEOGRAFHICAI.    DISTRIBUTIOIT. 

In  regard  to  the  general  geographical  distribution  of  the  Western  Black-eared 
Wheatear,    Saunders   provides   the   following  :     "  Although   some   occurrences 

•   Vide  Introduction,  p.  xi.  Hand-liitt  oj  British  Birds,  1912,  by  above  authors. 


16  NOVITATES    ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV.     1917. 

formerly  recorded  under  this  name  *  in  Heligoland  were  really  those  of  the 
Desert-Wheatear,  yet  the  present  species  seems  to  have  been  obtained  there 
once  ;  while  Schlegel  records  it  from  Haarlem,  Holland.  It  breeds  regularly 
about  as  far  north  as  the  line  of  the  Loire  in  France  ;  southward  in  the  Spanish 
Peninsula,  Morocco,  Algeria,  and  Italy.  In  the  latter  country  it  meets  with 
S.  melanoleuca  f  Guldenstadt  :  a  form  which  some  ornithologists  consider  to 
be  specifically  distinct,  characterised  by  a  whiter  back  and  larger  amount  of 
black  on  the  throat.  This  form  occupies  Greece,  South  Russia,  Asia  Minor, 
Palestine,  and  Persia  ;  both  races  migrating  wholly  or  partially  to  more  southern 
regions  in  \\'inter  and  meeting  in  Tunisia.  The  extremes  of  each  are  distin- 
guishable in  adult  males,  but  there  appear  to  be  numerous  intergradations,  and 
I  have  therefore  treated  the  bird  under  one  heading." 


DESCRIPTION    OP    PLATE. 

Fig.  I  shows  the  golden-bufi  of  the  upper  parts  separated  by  a  dark  greyish 
transverse  band  from  the  white  area  over  the  tail ;  also  the  central  tail-feathers 
black  in  their  entire  length  to  the  base. 

Fig.  2  shows  the  golden-butf  sweeping  ventrally  round  the  sides  of  the  neck 
and  merging  into  the  impure  white  of  the  under  parts  ;  also  the  black  axillaries 
and  under  wing-coverts. 

Figs.  3  and  4  show  the  feet  and  small  slender  claws  in  profile  ;  in  fig.  3 
the  tail  is  viewed  from  below,  in  fig.  4  from  above. 

The  silver-grey  forehead,  black  face  and  throat  with  whitish  semicircular 
collar  beneath,  are  shown  in  each  of  the  four  figures. 

Fig.  5  shows  a  dorsal  view  of  the  skull,  the  right  frontal  bone  of  which  is 
deeply  indented  (D).  Surrounding  the  indentation  is  a  considerable  degree  of 
subcranial  haemorrhage.  This  photograph  was  taken  immediately  after  the 
skin  was  reflected  from  the  head,  before  the  brain  was  removed  and  the  skull 
cleaned  permanently. 

•  The  Black-throated  Wheatear  {Saxicola  stapazina)  described  and  figured  in  Saunders's 
Manual,  now  known  to  be  identical  with  the  Black-throated  form  of  the  Western  Black-eared 
\Vhe&teQ.T(0enantheh.ki8panica).  TheWestern  WTiite-throated  form  has  the  same  distribution,  but 
being  considered  by  Saunders  a  distinct  species  (S.  aurita)  which  had  not  then  visited  the  British 
Isles,  its  distribution  is  not  mentioned  in  his  book. 

■j-  This  bird  is  the  Eastern  Black-eared  Wheatear  {Oenanthe  hispanica  xanthomelaena)  of  modern 
nomenclaturists. 


NOVITATES    ZOOLOGICAE,    VOL.    XXIV.     1917. 


Pr..  T. 


Western  Black-eared  Wheatear,  from  Ti'skar  J{ocic, 


\\exford. 


Four  photographs  of  the  bird  in  the  flesh  :  fig.  1,  dorsal  view;  fig.  2,  ventral  view;'  fig.  3.  right  profile;  fig.  4, 
left  profile.  Also  a  photograph  of  the  vault  of  the  skull,  showing  at  (D),  fig.  5,  the  deep  indentation  of  the  right 
frontal  bone.  N.B. — The  bird  (figs.  1,  2,  3,  4)  is  represented  at  half  its  natural  size;  the  vault  of  the  skull 
(fig.  5)  at  its  natural  size. 

Photos  by  C.  J.   Patten. 


NOVITATES    ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV.     1017. 


17 


A   CLASSIFICATION   OF  THE   PYRALIDAE,   SUBFAMILY 
GALLERIANAE. 

By  sir  GEORGE  F.   HAMPSON,  Bart.,  F.Z.S.,  Etc. 

"DROBOSCIS  well  developed,  short,  or  aborted  and  minute  ;  palpi  of  male  in 
-L  the  typical  genera  short,  upturned  and  thickly  scaled,  hidden  below  the  very 
large  frontal  tuft,  in  female  downcurved  and  two  or  three  times  the  length  of 
head.  In  the  more  ancestral  genera  the  palpi  may  be  long  and  downcurved  in 
both  sexes,  or  rarely  upturned  ;  maxillary  palpi  small  and  filiform,  or  obsolete, 
sometimes  more  developed  and  somewhat  dilated  with  scales,  rarely  long  and 
two-jointed  ;  frons  usually  with  large  tuft  of  hair ;  eye  large,  round ;  antennae 
usually  almost  simple,  sometimes  ciliated,  in  Sphinctocera  wth  a  small  tooth 
at  one-fifth,  the  basal  joint  often  long,  in  Megarthria  very  long  and  curved  ; 
thorax  and  abdomen  without  crests  ;  tibiae  with  all  the  spurs  present.  Fore- 
wing  with  the  shape  very  variable  ;  vein  1  a  separate  from  1  6  ;  1  c  absent  ; 
4  sometimes  absent  or  stalked  ynlh  5  ;  6  sometimes  stalked  with  7,  8,  9  ;  7 
present  ;  9  often  and  8  and  10  rarely  absent  ;  10  from  cell  or  sometimes  stalked 
with  8,  9  ;  the  male  often  has  the  cell  very  much  produced,  sometimes  almost 
to  termen,  and  with  a  glandular  swelling  containing  masses  of  flocculent  hair 
at  base  of  costa  on  underside.  Hindwing  with  the  median  nervure  pectinated 
on  upperside  ;  veins  I  a,  6,  c  present  ;  4  often  and  3  rarely  absent,  3  and  5 
or  4,  5  often  stalked  ;  the  discoceilulars  often  angled  inwards  almost  to  the 
base,  rarely  almost  obsolete  ;    6,  7  from  cell  or  stalked,  in  Agdistopis  6  absent  ; 

7  anastomosing  with  8  or  free  ;    frenulum  of  female  multiple. 

The  neuration  is  not  very  constant,  and  in  the  forewing  of  the  same  species 
vein  6  may  be  from  the  cell  or  stalked  with  7,  8,  9  ;    7  may  be  given  off  from 

8  before  or  beyond  9,  and  10  may  be  rarely  either  present  or  absent  ;  in  the 
hindwing  vein  4  is  rarely  either  present  or  absent. 

Larvae  with  all  the  prolegs  present  ;  in  Galleria  rather  short  and  stout, 
in  Aphoinia  longer  and  more  cylindrical ;  in  Oalleria  and  Achroia  they  live  in  the 
hives  of  bees,  forming  silken  tubular  galleries,  in  Aphomia  in  the  nests  of  Vespa 
or  Bombus,  whilst  some  exotic  species  live  in  the  nests  of  ants. 

A  t  before  a  reference  means  that  the  type  is  in  the  British  Museum,  and 
an  *  that  the  species  is  not  in  the  collection. 

In  my  opinion  the  name  used  for  the  subfamily  and  the  genus  Aphomia 
should  be  respectively  Tineiyiae  and  Tinea  Linn.,  but  in  deference  to  the  wishes 
of  the  Editors  of  the  Novitates  I  have  here  employed  the  terms  Gallerianae  and 
Aphomia  pending  a  more  general  consensus  of  the  opinions  of  zoologists  on  the 
subject. 

Two  species  have  been  clauned  as  the  type  of  the  genus,  sociella  the  first 
on  the  list,  a  pellionella  the  twenty-fLfst. 

Linne's  description  of  Tinea  is  "  Alls  convolutis,  fere  in  cylindrum  ;  frontc 
prominula." 

The  first  part  of  the  description  applies  to  the  wings  in  repose,  in  sociella 
they  are  folded  almost  into  a  cylinder,  in  pellionella  they  are  more  tent-lilie  in 
shape,  with  the  apices  of  the  f  orewings  turned  outwards  ;  the  second  part  applies 

2 


18 


NOVITATES    ZOOLOGICAE   XXIV.    1917. 


5 

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NOVITATES    ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV.     1917.  19 

to  the  hair  on  the  frons  which  in  sociella  forms  a  thick  tuft,  whilst  in  pellionella 
it  consists  of  loose  hair  ;  in  fact  sociella  exactly  answers  the  generic  description, 
and  pellionella  does  not. 

The  Latin  word  Tinea  means  a  larval  insect  pest ;  it  is  used  by  Virgil  for 
the  worms  of  moths  that  live  in  bee-hives,  by  Horace  for  book-worms,  and  by 
other  authors  for  those  of  clothes-moths,  etc. 

The  type  of  a  genus  is  the  species  from  which  the  original  author  described 
that  genus,  and  no  action  by  a  subsequent  author  or  by  all  the  Zoological  Con- 
gresses in  the  world  can  alter  that  fact.  The  difficulty  is  to  determine  what 
that  species  is  when  the  type  is  not  indicated.  The  author  would  naturally 
put  his  type  species  down  first  on  his  list,  but  he  might  subsequently  rearrange 
his  list  so  as  to  get  a  more  natural  order  of  the  species.  Unless,  however,  there 
is  any  evidence  of  this,  such  as  the  first  species  not  agreeing  with  the  generic 
description,  that  species  must  be  presumed  to  be  the  type. 

Under  Tortrix  Linne  states  that  the  larvae  twist  leaves,  uniting  them  by 
threads  and  living  and  feeding  between  them.  The  first  species  on  his  list, 
prasinana,  therefore  cannot  be  the  type,  and  the  second  species,  viridana,  becomes 
the  type. 

The  type  of  Sphinx  is  ligustri,  because  Linne  in  Faun.  Succ.  states  that  it  is 
commonly  called  "  The  Sphinx  "  from  the  attitude  of  the  larva.  Similarly  the 
type  of  Bomhyx  is  mori  because  he  calls  it  "  The  Bombyx,"  and  the  silkworm 
exclusively  was  known  by  that  name  to  the  Greeks  and  Romans. 

Three  methods  are  in  use  for  determining  the  type  of  a  genus  when  the 
type  is  not  indicated. 

1 .  The  above,  which  is  used  in  the  revision  of  the  Sphingidae  by  Rothschild 
and  Jordan,  the  Catalogue  of  Lepidoptera  Phalaenae  in  the  British  Museum,  by 
most  of  the  authors  in  Seitz'  Macrolepidoptera,  and  by  most  American  authors. 
It  is  the  only  method  by  which  finality  can  be  reached,  and  is  rapidly  coming 
into  general  use. 

2.  That  the  first  reviser  of  a  genus  fixes  the  type  of  that  genus.  No  two 
authors  seem  to  agree  exactly  in  their  interpretation  of  this  law,  or  as  to  what 
constitutes  a  revision,  and  whether  a  type  has  been  fixed  or  not.  Its  chief 
advantage  seems  to  be  that  each  author  can  continue  to  use  a  generic  name 
in  the  sense  to  which  he  is  accustomed. 

3.  That  all  species  on  the  original  list  of  a  genus  which  have  been  used  as 
the  types  of  later  genera  shall  be  eliminated,  and  one  of  the  remaining  species 
be  fixed  as  the  type  of  the  genus. 

This  led  to  so  many  anomalies,  such  as  the  least  applicable  species  being 
fixed  as  the  type  of  the  genus,  and  even  a  species  that  the  author  of  the  genus 
had  never  seen,  that  it  has  fallen  into  disuse. 

KEY  TO  THE   GENERA. 

A.  Hindwing  with  veins  3,  4  absent. 

a.  Forewing  with  vein  4  absent,  6,  7,  8  stalked  .  .         Paroxyptera,  p.  27 

b.  Forewing  with  vein  4  present,  6  from  the  cell        .         MetacJirysia,  p.  30 

B.  Hindwing  with  vein  3  present,  4  absent. 

a.  Forewing  with  veins  6,  7,  8,  9  stalked. 

a'.  Hindwng  with  the  cell  open         .  .  .  Arenipses,  p.  36 

bV  Hindwing  with  the  cell  closed       .  .  .        Paraphomia,  p.  37 


20 


XOVITATES   ZOOLOOICAE   XXIV.    1917 


Forewing  with  vein  6  from  the  cell, 
a'.  Forewing  with  vein  4  absent, 
a*.  Forewing  with  vein  9  absent 
h'.  Fore\ving  \\ith  vein  9  present 
b'.  Forewing  with  vein  4  present. 
a=.  Forewing  with  vein  9  absent. 

a'.  Forewing   with   vein     11    becoming 

coincident  vnth  12       . 
b'.  Forewing  wdth  vein  11  free. 

a'.  Forewing  with  veins  4,  5  stalked 
a'.  Frenulum  absent ;  abdomen 
very  long  and  tipuliform  ; 
hindwing  with  vein  6absent 
b".  Frenulum    present  ;    abdo- 
men  normal  ;    hindwing 
with  vein  6  present, 
a'.  Forewing  -with  vein  8 
present ;      hindwing 
with  the  cell  open     . 
b^  Forewing     wth     vein 
8  absent  ;  hindwing 
with  the  cell  closed  . 
b '.  Forewing  with  veins  4,   5  from 
cell. 
a^  Frons  with  tuft  of  scales, 
a'.  Forewing      with    vein 
10  stalked  wth  7,  8 
b^  Forewing  with  vein  10 
from  the  cell   . 
b '.  Frons  without  tuft  of  scales, 
a'.  Hindwing     with      the 
apes  produced    and 
acute 
b'.  Hindwing     with     the 
apex  not  produced  . 
b-.  Forewing  with  vein  9  present. 

a'.  Forewing  with  vein  Tfrom  8  beyond  9. 

a'.  Forewing  with  vein  10  stalked 

with  7,  8,  9. 

a^  Forewing  with  the  cell  long 

b'.  Forewing  with  the  cell  short. 

a'.  Forewing  with  the  apex 

produced  and  acute 

b'.  Fore  wing  with  the  apex 

not  produced. 

a'.  Forewingshort,the 

termen  straight 

b'.   Forewing  long,  the 

termen  rounded 


Anerastidia,  p.  27 
Corcyra,  p.   35 


Rhectophlebia,  p.  27 


Agdistojns,  p.  43 


Stenachroia,  p.   28 
Phycitodes,  p.    26 

Metaraphia,  p.  31 
Eldana,  p.  29 

Achroia,  p.  44 
Prasinoxena,  p.   23 

Antiptilotis,  p.  35 
Acracomi,  p.  30 

Microcklora,  p.  24 
Trachylepidia,  p.  r.6 


NOVITATES    ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV.     1917. 


21 


b'.  Forewing  with  vein  10  from  the 
cell, 
a'.  Forewing   with    the    costa 
excised    beyond    middle, 
the  apex  falcate 
b'.  Forewing    with    the    costa 
evenly  arched, 
a'.  Forewing  with  the  apex 

rectangular     . 
b  ^  Forewing  with  the  apex 
rounded  . 
b'.  Forewing  with  vein  7  from  8  before  9. 
a'.  Forewing  with  vein   10  stalked 

with  7,  8,  9  . 
b'.  Forewing  with  vein  10  from  the 
cell. 
&'.  Forewing  long  and  narrow, 
a".  Forewing      lanceolate, 
the    apex    produced 
and  acute 
b'.  Forewing  with  the  apex 
slightly  produced, 
a'.  Forewing  with  the 
costa      strongly 
arched  towards 
apex 
b'.  Forewing  with  the 
costa       slightly 
arched    . 
b*.  Forewing       shorter       and 
broader,    the    apex    not 
produced 

C.  Hindwing  with  vein  4  present. 

a.  Forewing  with  10  stalked  with  7,  8,  9. 

a'.  Forewing  with  vein  7  from  8  beyond  9. 
b'.  Forewing  with  vein  7  from  8  before  9  or  9 
absent, 
a'.  Forewing  with  vein    3  from  well  before 
angle  of  cell      ..... 
b'.  Forewing  with  vein  3  from  close  to  angle 
of  cell       ...... 

b.  Forewing  with  veins  8, 9,  10  stalked  and  fi,  7  stalked ; 

frons  with  rounded  prominence 

c.  Forewing  with  vein  10  from  the  cell. 

a'.  Forewing    with    vein    9   absent ;  frons   with 
conical  prominence  ..... 


Parazanclodes,  p.  23 

Doloessa,  p.  25 
Afhomia.Tji.  37 

Athaliptis,  p.  45 


Meyriccia,  p.  29 


Ethopia,  p.  31 

Tirathaba,  p.  32 

Heteromicta,X  p.  42 

Paraphycita,  p.  54 

Cathayia,  p.  46 

Epimorius,  p.  45 

Schoenobiodes,  p.  57 

Archigalleria,  p.  55 


X  In  Heteromicta  amydraatis  the  forewing   sometimes  has  vein   7  from  8   beyond  9,  and  in 
H.  oodee  vein  9  ia  sometimes  absent. 


22 


NOVITATES    ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV".     1917. 


'.  Forewing  with  vein  9  present ;  frons  with  large 
tuft  of  hair, 
a-.  Forewing  with  vein  7  from  8  beyond  9. 
a'.  Forewing  long  and  narrow. 

a*.  Forewing  with    the   apex  rect- 
angular        .... 
b  *.  Forewing  with  theapexrounded, 
the  termen  very  short  . 
b'.  Forewing  broader. 

a*.  Forewingwith  thetermenexcised 
b*.  Forewing  with  the  termen  not 
excised  .... 

b*.  Forewing  with  vein  7  from  8  before  9. 
a'.  Palpi  of  male  short,  upturned. 

a'.  Forewingwith  the  discocellulars 
angled. 
a^  Hindwing  with  veins   4,  5 
stalked, 
a*.  Forewingwith  the  apex 
produced  and  falcate 
b^  Forewingwith  the  apex 
not  produced, 
a'.  Forewing        very 

narrow 
b'.  Forewing  broad    . 
b^.  Hindwing  with  veins  4,   5 
from  angle  of  cell  . 
b*.  Forewing  with  the  discocellulars 
curved         .... 
b'.  Palpi  of  male  long  and  downcurved. 
a*.  Forewing  with  the  costa  arched 
beyond    middle   then   rather 
truncate  towards  apex  which 
is  produced  and  acute, 
a'.  Palpi  about  the    length    of 
head    and    fringed    with 
long     hair     below,     the 
maxillary    palpi    dilated 
with  scales    . 
b'.  Palpi     about     twice     the 
length      of      head     and 
moderately  fringed  with 
hair  below,  the  maxillary 
palpi  filiform 
b*.  Forewing  with  the  costa  evenly 
arched,    the    apex    rounded ; 
palpi  about  twice  the  length 
of  head. 
X  In  Lamoria  inoatentalia  vein  4  of  the  hindwing  is  often  absent. 


Picrogama,  p.  47 

Prosthenia,  p.  48 

Galleria,  p.  53 

Acara,  p.  49 


Eucallionyma,  p.  26 


Picrogama  (part),  p.  47 
Schistotheca,  p.  49 

Statia,  p.  26 

Lamoria,X  p.  50 


Otnphalophora,  p.  52 


Acyperas,  p.  52 


NOVITATES   ZOOLOGICAE   XXIV.    1917. 


23 


a^  Antennae   with    the  basal 
jointvery  long  and  curved 
b*.  Antennae   with    the    basal 
joint  short    . 
c'.  Forewing  with  the  costa  slightly 
excised    beyond    middle,    the 
apex    rounded ;    palpi   about 
three  times  length  of  head 
c'.  Forewing  with  vein  7  from  the  cell. 

a'.  Frons  with  very  large  conical  pro- 
minence, grooved  below  ;  palpi 
short  and  upturned  . 
b'.  Frons  with  conical  prominence  end- 
ing in  a  small  corneous  beak  ; 
palpi  obliquely  upturned ;  fore- 
wing with  veins  9  to  12  becoming 
coincident  below  costa 
c'.  Frons  without  prominence  ;  palpi 
porrect,  about  twice  the  length  of 
head  ..... 


Megarthria,  p.  54 
Embryoglossa,  p.  54 

Sphinctocera,  p.  55 

Balaenifrons,  p.  57 

Morpheis,  p.  56 
Galleristhenia,  p.  53 


Type. 

chrysaugeUa 


Gen.  Parazanclodes. 

Parazanclodes  Hmpan.,  Rom.  Mim.  vUi.  p.  490  (1901)        .... 

Proboscis  aborted  ;  palpi  of  male  slight,  upturned  ;  maxillary  palpi  minute  ; 
frons  with  rather  large  tuft  of  hair  ;  antennae  short,  the  basal  joint  dilated  ; 
forewing  narrow,  the  costa  arched  at  base,  then  strongly  excised,  the  apex  pro- 
duced and  falcate,  the  termen  strongly  excised  to  middle  ;  the  cell  two-thirds 
length  of  wing ;  vein  3  from  well  before  angle  of  cell ;    4  and  5  well  separated  ; 

6  from  upper  angle  ;  7,  8,  9  stalked,  7  from  beyond  9  ;  10,  II  from  cell  ;  the  male 
with  large  glandular  swelling  at  base  of  costa  on  underside  fringed  with  long 
hair,  the  cell  clothed  with  fine  hair,  a  patch  of  androconia  below  the  cell 
before  base  of  vein  2.  Hindwing  with  vein  2  from  before  angle  of  cell ; 
3  and  5  from  angle  ;  4  absent ;  6,  7  stalked,  7  anastomosing  with  8 ;  the  male 
with  patch  of  androconia  in  lower  extremity  of  cell  on  upper  side. 

*  Parazanclodes  chrysaugeUa. 

Parazanclodes  chrysaugeUa  Hmpsn.,  Rom.  Mem.  viii.  p.  490.  pi.  53.  f.  18  (1901). 
Br.  IT.  Guinea. 

Gen.  Prasinoxena. 

Type. 

Prasinoxena  Meyr.,  Trans.  Eni.  Soc.  1894.  p.  479 monosfila 

Proboscis  slight  ;  palpi  of  male  minute,  upturned,  of  female  porrect  and 
extending  about  the  length  of  head  ;  maxillary  palpi  slight  ;  frons  without 
tuft  of  hair  ;  antennae  short,  the  basal  joint  somewhat  long  and  dilated.  Fore- 
wing rather  short  and  broad,  the  costa  rather  oblique  towards  apex  which  is 
produced  and  pointed,  the  termen  obUque  ;  the  cell  long  ;  vein  2  from  middle 
of  cell  ;   3,  4,  5  from  angle  ;   6  from  just  below  upper  angle  ;  7,  8,  and  10  stalked, 

7  from  beyond  10,  9  absent  ;  II  from  cell ;  the  male  with  slight  glandular  swell- 


24  NOVITATES    ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV.     1917. 

ing  at  base  of  costa.  Hindwing  with  the  cell  open  ;  veins  3  and  5  stalked  to 
near  termen,  4  absent ;  7  anastomosing  with  8  ;  the  male  with  a  fold  on  inner 
margin  containing  a  tuft  of  long  hair. 

Sect.  I.  Forewing  of  male  on  underside  with  fringe  of  hair  along  median 
nervure  to  just  beyond  the  cell,  do-miturned  above  the  nervure  and  upturned 
below  it. 

(1)  Prasinoxena  metaleuca. 

t  Prasinoxena  metaleuca  Hmpsn.,  J.  Bomb.  Nat.  Hist.  Soc.  xxi.  p.  1249.  pi.  G.  f.  28  (1912). 
Ceylon. 

Sect.  II.  Forewing  of  male  on  underside  with  a  streak  of  hairy  scales  above 
median  nervure. 

(2)  Prasinoxena  monospila. 

t  Prasinoxena  monospila  Meyr.,  Trans.  Ent.  Soc.  1894.  p.  480 ;   Hmpsn.,  Rom.  ilim.  viii.  p.  499. 
pi.  54.  f.   14. 

Borneo  ;  Fulo  Iiaut. 

Sect.  III.  Forewing  of  male  on  underside  normal. 

(3)  Prasinoxena  bilineella. 

Prasinoxena  bilineella  Hmpsn.,  Rom.  Mem.  viii.  p.  5U0.  pi.  54.  f.  17  (1901). 
Amboina  ;  Batchian. 

(4)  Prasinoxena  viridissima. 

t  Prasinoxena  viridissima  Swinh.,  Fasic.  Malay.  Zool.  i.  p.  98  (1903). 
Selangore. 

(5)  Prasinoxena  hemisema. 

t  Prasinoxena  hemisema  Meyr.,  Trans.  Ent.  Soc.  1894.  p.  480 ;    Hmpsn.,  Rom.  Mem.  viii.  p.  500. 
pi.  54.  f.  15. 

Fulo  Iiant ;  Sumbawa. 

Gen.  Microchlora. 

Type. 
Microchlora  Hmpsn.,  Rom.  Mem.  viii.  p.  468  (1901)         .....  eariasella 

Proboscis  slight  ;  palpi  of  male  short,  upturned  ;  maxillary  palpi  minute  ; 
frons  •nithout  tuft  of  hair  ;  antennae  with  the  basal  joint  long  and  dilated.  Fore- 
wing short  and  broad,  the  apex  rectangular,  the  termen  straight  ;  the  cell 
rather  short  ;  vein  2  from  middle  of  cell  ;  3,  4,  5  well  separated  ;  6  from  upper 
angle;  7,  8,  9,  10  stalked,  7  from  beyond  9;  11  from  cell.  Hindwing  with 
the  cell  short  ;  vein  2  from  near  angle  of  cell ;  3  and  5  stalked,  4  absent  ;  the 
discocellulars  angled  ;  6,  7  from  upper  angle,  7  anastomosing  with  8  ;  the 
male  with  fold  on  inner  area  containing  a  tuft  of  long  hair. 

(1)  Microchlora  eariasella. 

Microchlora  eariasella  Ilmp.sn.,  Rom.  Mem.  viii.  p.  468.  pi.  54.  f.  13  (1901). 
Batchian ;  Celebes. 


NOVITATES   ZOOLOQICAE   XXIV.    1917.  25 

(2)  I  Microchlora  bilineella  n.  sp. 

(J.  Head  and  thorax  emerald-green  ;  pectus,  legs  and  abdomen  whitisli. 
Forewing  emerald-green,  an  erect  slightly  waved  black  and  whitish  antemedial 
line  from  subcostal  nervure  to  inner  margin,  a  white  point  before  it  in  submedian 
fold  ;  a  slightly  waved  black  and  whitish  postmedial  line  from  below  costa  to 
inner  margin,  excurved  to  vein  4  then  rather  oblique,  a  white  point  beyond 
it  below  vein  4  ;  the  costa  towards  apex,  termen  and  cilia  red-brown  and  whitish 
with  a  series  of  white  points  defining  the  green  area.  Hindwing  white.  Under- 
side of  forewing  and  the  costal  area  of  hindwing  green. 

Solomon  Is.,  Bougainville  (Meek),  1  3  type.     Exp.  20  mill. 

Gen.  Doloessa. 

Type. 
Doloesaa  Zell.,  Isis.  1848.  p.  860       ..........         viridis 

Thagora  Wlk.,  xxviii.  205  (1863) figumna 

Proboscis  fully  developed  ;  palpi  of  male  very  short,  upturned,  thickly 
scaled,  of  female  porrect  and  extending  about  the  length  of  head  ;  maxillary 
palpi  filiform  ;  frons  with  large  tuft  of  hair  above  ;  antennae  of  male  almost 
simple,  the  basal  joint  with  tuft  of  hair  below.  Forewing  rather  narrow,  the  apex 
rectangular,  the  termen  evenly  curved  ;  veins  3  and  5  from  close  to  angle  of 
cell  ;  6  from  upper  angle  ;  7,  8,  9  stalked,  7  from  beyond  9  ;  10,  11  from  cell. 
Hindwing  with  vein  2  from  close  to  angle  of  cell ;  3  and  5  strongly  stalked,  4 
absent  ;  the  discocellulars  angled  to  near  base  ;  6,  7  stalked,  7  anastomosing 
with  8. 

Sect.  I.  Forewing  of  male  on  underside  with  the  cell  and  the  area  just  below 
and  beyond  its  extremity  clothed  with  black  androeonia  ;  hindwing  on  upperside 
with  the  costal  area  clothed  with  black  androeonia  to  beyond  middle. 

(1)  Doloessa  hilaropis. 

Melissoblaptes  hilaropis  Meyr.,  Trans.  ErU.  Soc.  1897.  p.  378. 
Doloessa  plumbolineella  HmpsQ.,  Rom.  Mem.  viii.  p.  488.  pi.  54.  f.  10  (1901). 
Queensland. 

(2)  Doloessa  castanella. 

t  Thagora  castanella  Hmpsn.,  Moths  Ind.  iv.  p.  4  (1896) ;  id.,  Rom.  Mem.  viii.  p.  488. 
Garcinoptera  ochrociliella  Rag.,  Rom.  Mem.  viii.  pi.  8.  £.  24  (1893)  non  descr. 

Ceylon ;  Andamans  ;  Christmas  I.  ;  Tenimber. 

Sect.  II.  Wings  of  male  without  patches  of  androeonia. 

(3)  Doloessa  constellata. 

t  Doloessa  constellata  Hmpsn.,  J.  Bomb.  Nat.  Hist.  Soc.  xii.  p.  94  (1901) ;  id.,  Rom.  Mem.  viii.  p.  489. 
pi.  54.  f.   12. 

Assam,  Khasis. 

(4)  Doloessa  viiidis. 

Doloessa  viridis  ZeU.,  Isis.  1848.  p.  860  ;   Rag.,  Rom.  Mem.  viii.  p.  489.  pi.  46.  f.  16. 

t  Thagora  figurana  Wlk.,  xxvU.  205  (1863) ;   Hmpsn.,  III.  Het.  D.  M.  ix.   pi.  157.  f.  8;  id.,  Moths 

Ind.  iv.  p.  5. 
Tyana  ornaia  Wileman,  Entom.  xUii.  p.  291  (1910). 

Formosa ;  Ceylon  ;  Philippines  ;  Java  ;    Kei  Is. ;  IT.   Guinea  ;   Solomon  Is.  ; 
Queensland. 


26  NOVITATES    ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV.     1917. 

Gen.  Eucallionyma. 

Type. 
Callionyma  ileyr.,  Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  N.S.W.  vii.  p.   IGl  (1882),  neo  Callionymus  Linn., 

Pisces  (1758)  ............      sarcodes 

Eucallionyma  Rag.,  Rom.  Mem.  vUi.  p.  430  (1901)  ......      sarcodes 

Proboscis  slight  ;  palpi  of  male  short,  upturned,  thickly  scaled,  of  female 
downcurved  ;  frons  with  large  tuft  of  hair ;  antennae  of  male  almost  simple,  the 
basal  joint  somewhat  dilated.  Forewing  with  the  costa  moderately  arched, 
the  apex  produced  and  somewhat  falcate,  the  termen  obliquely  curved  ;  the 
lower  angle  of  cell  produced  ;  vein  3  from  near  angle  ;  5  from  above  angle  ; 
the  discocellulars  angled  inwards  ;  vein  6  from  upper  angle ;  7,  8,  9  stalked, 
7  from  before  9  ;  10,  11  from  cell  ;  the  male  with  large  fold  on  basal  half  of 
costa  on  underside  containing  masses  of  flocculent  hair.  Hindwing  with  vein 
3  from  angle  of  cell  ;  4,  5  stalked  ;  the  discocellulars  angled  inwards  to  rather 
near  base  ;    6,  7  stalked,  7  anastomosing  with  8. 

Eucallionyma  sarcodes. 

CcUlionyma  sarcodes  Meyr.,  Proc.   Linn.  Soc.  N.S.W.  vii.  p.  161    (1882);    Rag.,   Eom.    Mem.    viii 
p.  431.  pi.  53.  f.  7. 
K.S.  Wales ;  Victoria. 

Gen.  Statia. 

Type. 
Staiia  Rag.,  Rom.  Mem.  viii.  p.  443  (1901) chlordla 

Proboscis  strong,  short  ;  palpi  of  female  slender,  the  second  joint  oblique 
to  just  beyond  the  frons,  the  third  minute,  porrect,  acuminate  at  tip  ;  antennae 
short,  cihated.  Forewing  with  the  costa  arched,  the  apex  somewhat  produced, 
the  termen  evenly  curved  ;  vein  3  from  near  angle  of  cell ;  4,  5  separate  ;  the 
discocellulars  strongly  angled  inwards,  6  shortly  stalked  with  7,  8,  9  ;  7  from 
before  9  ;  10,  11  from  cell.  Hindwing  with  the  lower  angle  of  cell  much  pro- 
duced ;  vein  3  from  before  angle  ;  4,  5  from  angle  ;  the  discocellulars  strongly 
angled  inwards  ;    6,   7  strongly  stalked,   7  anastomosing  with   8. 

*  Statia  chlorella. 

Statia  chlorella  Rag.,  Rom.  Mem.  viii.  p.  444.  pi.  45.  f.  14  (1901). 
Peru. 

Gen.  Phycitodes  nov. 

Type  P.  albistriata. 

Proboscis  fully  developed  ;  palpi  of  female  very  short,  porrect  and  not 
reaching  as  far  as  the  large  frontal  tuft  of  hair ;  maxillary  palpi  invisible ; 
antennae  rather  long,  with  shght  tufts  of  scales  at  the  joints.  Forewing  long 
and  narrow,  the  apex  rounded,  the  termen  obliquely  curved  ;  vein  2  from 
towards  angle  of  cell  ;  3  from  before  angle  ;  4,  5  stalked  ;  6  from  upper  angle  ; 
7  from  before  angle  ;  8,  9  absent  ;  10,11  from  cell  ;  a  fringe  of  scales  below 
base  of  costa  on  underside.  Hindwing  with  the  cell  about  one-third  length 
of  wing  ;  vein  2  from  towards  angle  ;  3  from  angle  ;  5  from  just  above  angle, 
4  absent ;  the  discocellulars  curved  ;  6,  7  from  upper  angle  of  cell ;  7  anastomos- 
ing with  8. 


NOVITATES   ZOOLOOICAE   XXIV.    1917.  27 

t  Phycitodes  albistriata  n.  sp. 

$.  Head,  thorax  and  abdomen  reddish  brown  mixed  with  white  ;  forewing 
whitish  tinged  and  thickly  irrorated  with  dark  purphsh  brown  ;  white  fasciae 
on  basal  half  of  costa,  in  lower  part  of  cell  and  on  median  nervnre,  and  streaks 
on  the  veins  beyond  the  cell ;  shght  dark  spots  in  upper  and  lower  angles  of 
cell  and  a  terminal  series  of  points  ;  a  faint  brown  antemedial  line,  excurved 
in  the  cell  then  oblique,  and  faint  rather  diffused  oblique  postmedial  line.  Hind- 
wing  ochreous  white  tinged  with  reddish  brown,  especially  on  costal  area  ; 
a  terminal  brown  line  ;  ciha  white  with  a  brown  line  near  base.  Underside 
more  suffused  with  brown. 

Br.  E.  Africa,  N'dimu  (Betton),  1  ?  type.     Exf.  36  mill. 

Gen.  Rhectophlebia. 

Type. 

Rhectophlebia  Rag.,  Nouv.  Oen.  p.  52  (1888)       ........     monilella 

Proboscis  small ;  palpi  of  female  downcurved,  extending  about  three 
times  length  of  head,  the  second  joint  thickly  scaled,  the  third  short  ;  maxillary 
palpi  absent ;  frons  with  large  tuft  of  hair  ;  antennae  ciliated.  Fore\\ing  rather 
narrow,  the  apex  rounded,  the  termen  evenly  curved  ;  vein  2  from  near  angle 
of  cell ;  3  from  angle  ;  4,  5  strongly  stalked  ;  6  from  upper  angle  ;  7,  8  stalked, 
9  absent;  10,  11  from  cell,  11  becoming  coincident  with  12.  Hindwing  with 
the  cell  very  short ;  veins  3  and  5  stalked,  4  absent  ;  6,  7  from  upper  angle,  7 
anastomosing  with  8. 

*  Rhectophlebia  monilella. 

Bhectophlebia  monilella  Rag.,  Nouv.  Gen.  p.  52  (1888) ;   id.,  Rom.  Mem.  viii.  p.  493.  pi.  8.  f.  23. 
Colombia. 

Gen.  Paroxyptera. 

Type. 
Paroxyptera  Ra,g.,  Rom.  Mem.  viii.  p.  503  (,1Q01)  .......        filiella 

Proboscis  small  ;  palpi  short,  obUque,  the  third  joint  very  short,  porrect  ; 
maxillary  palpi  obsolete  ;  frons  with  strong  tuft  of  hair  ;  antennae  of  female 
minutely  serrate,  the  basal  joint  with  tuft  of  hair  on  inner  side.  Forewing 
narrow,  the  apex  produced,  the  termen  very  obhque ;  veins  3  and  5  from  angle 
of  cell,  4  absent  ;  6,  7,  8  stalked,  9  absent  ;  10,  11  from  cell.  Hindwing  with 
veins  2  and  5  from  angle  of  cell,  3,  4  absent ;  6,  7  from  upper  angle,  7  anas- 
tomosing with  8. 

*  Paroxyptera  filiella. 

Achroea  filiella  Saalm.,  Ber.  Senck.  Ges.  1879.  p.  308  ;  Rag.,  Rom.  Mem.  viii.  p.  503.  pi.  45.  f.  4. 
Uadagascar. 

Gen.  Anerastidia. 

Type. 
.4ncra«<Mito  Hmpsn.,  i?om.  J/em.  viii.  p.  500  (1901)    .......    albiviltella 

Proboscis  shght  ;  palpi  of  male  short,  upturned,  fringed  with  hair,  of  female 
downcurved  and  extending  about  the  length  of  head  ;  maxillary  palpi  minute  ; 
frons  with  a  large  tuft  of  hair  ;  antennae  short,  the  basal  joint  long  and  tufted 


28  NOVITATES  ZOOLOaiCAE   XXIV.    1917. 

with  hair  in  front.  Foreuing  long  and  narrow,  the  apex  rounded,  the  termen 
oblique  ;  the  cell  long  ;  vein  2  from  middle  of  cell  ;  3  and  5  from  angle,  4  absent  ; 
the  discocellulars  curved  ;  vein  6  from  upper  angle  ;  7,  8  stalked,  9  absent  ; 
10,  11  from  cell  ;  the  male  with  small  glandular  swelHng  and  tuft  of  hair  at 
base  of  costa  on  underside.  Hindwing  with  vein  2  from  angle  of  cell ;  3  and  5 
staUjcd,  4  absent  ;  the  discocellulars  retracted  almost  to  base  ;  veins  6,  7  from 
upper  angle,  7  anastomosing  with  8. 

(1)  Anerastidia  rhodoneura. 

Anerastia  rhodoneura  Turner,  Pr.  R.  Soc.  Queensl.  six.  p.  43  (1905). 
Queensland,  Thursday  I. 

(2)  Anerastidia  albivittella. 

t  Anerastidia  albivittella  Hmpsn.,  Rom.  Mem.  viii.  p.  500.  pi.  54.  f.  22  (1901). 
Hypsolropha  bipunctella  Wileman,  Trans.  Era.  Soc.  1911.  p.  356. 
Japan  ;  Borneo  ;  Fnlo  Laut ;  Amboina, 

(3)  t  Anerastidia  pulverea  n.  sp. 

(J.  Head  and  thorax  white  faintly  tinged  with  browoi  ;  abdomen  white,  the 
second  and  third  segments  dorsally  tinged  with  ochreous.  Forewing  white  faintly 
tinged  with  red-brown  and  irrorated  with  a  few  dark  scales  ;  an  oblique  sub- 
terminal  series  of  sUght  blackish  marks  in  the  interspaces  ;  a  terminal  series  of 
black  points.  Hindwing  semihyaline  white,  the  veins  and  termen  tinged  with 
ochreous. 

?.  Thorax  irrorated  with  blackish  scales  ;  forewing  thickly  irrorated  with 
blackish  scales,  a  diifused  antemedial  black  mark  above  inner  margin,  the 
subterminal  spots  and  terminal  points  more  distinct  ;  hindwng  with  the  termen 
tinged  with  brown  towards  apex. 

Argentina,  Gran  Chaco,  Florenzia  (Wagner),  1  cJ  type,  Sta.  Fe,  Ocampo 
(Wagner),  1  ?.     Exp.  22  mill. 

(4)  *  Anerastidia  ebenopasta. 

Anerastidia  ebenopasta  Turner,  Pr.  R.  Soc.  Queensl.  xviii.  p.  122  (1904). 
Queensland. 

Gen.  Stenachroia. 

Type. 
Stenachroia  Hmpsn.,  J.  Bomb.  Nat.  Hist.  Soc.  xii.  p.  93  (1901) elongella 

Proboscis  fully  developed  ;  palpi  of  male  small,  upturned,  thickly  scaled, 
of  female  downcurved,  extending  about  twice  the  length  of  head  ;  frons  with 
large  tuft  of  hair  ;  antennae  short,  the  basal  joint  long  and  with  tuft  of  hair 
below.  Forewing  very  long  and  narrow,  the  apex  rounded,  the  termen  obliquely 
curved  ;  vein  2  from  middle  of  cell  ;  3  from  angle  ;  4,  5  strongly  stalked  ;  6 
from  upper  angle  ;  7,  8  stalked  from  before  angle,  9  absent  ;  10,  II  from  cell  : 
the  male  with  glandular  swelling  at  base  of  costa  on  underside  and  fringe  of 
upturned  hair  from  middle  of  median  nervure.  Hindwing  wth  the  cell  open  ; 
veins  3  and  5  stalked,  4  absent ;   6,  7  from  upper  angle,  7  anastomosing  with  8. 


XOVITATES    ZOOLOOICAE    XXIV,     1917.  29 

(1)  Stenachroia  elongella. 

t  Stenachroia  elongella  Hmpan.,  J.  Bomb.  Nat.  Hist.  Soc.  xii.  p.  93  (1901) ;   id.,  Rom.  Mem.  viii. 
p.  494.  pi.  54.  f.  20. 

Assam,  Khasis  ;    Bengal,  Pusa  ;    Ceylon. 

(2)  *  Stenachroia  myrmecophila. 

Stenachroia  myrmecophila  Turner,  Pr.  R.  Soc.  Queensl.  six.  p.  54  (1905). 
Qneeusland. 

Gen.  Eldana. 

Type. 
Eldana  Wlk.,  xxxii.  632  (1865) saccharina 

Proboscis  slight  ;  palpi  of  male  short  and  upturned,  of  female  downcurved 
and  extending  about  the  length  of  head  ;  maxillary  palpi  minute  ;  frons  with 
tuft  of  scales  ;  antennae  short,  the  basal  joint  long  and  dilated.  Forewing 
long  and  narrow,  the  costa  slightly  arched,  the  apex  rounded,  the  termen 
evenly  curved  ;  vein  2  from  middle  of  cell  :  3  from  well  before  angle  ;  4,  5  from 
angle  ;  6  from  upper  angle  ;  7,  8  stalked  from  before  angle,  9  absent ;  10,  11  from 
cell ;  the  male  with  slight  glandular  swelHng  at  base  of  costa  on  underside. 
Hind  wing  with  vein  2  from  near  angle  of  cell ;  3  and  5  stalked,  4  absent ; 
the  discocellular  angled  inwards  to  near  base  ;  veins  6,  7  from  upper  angle,  7 
anastomosing  with  8. 

(1)  *  Eldana  leucostictalis. 

Eldana  leucostictalis  Lower,  Tr.  R.  Soc.  S.  Amir.  1903.  p.  50. 
Queensland. 

(2)  Eldana  saccharina. 

t  Eldana  saccharina  Wlk.,  xxxii.  633  (1865) ;   Hmpsn.,  Rom.  Mem.  viii.  p.  495.  pi.  45.  f.  18. 
Sierra  Leone  ;  Gold  Coast ;  Mozambiqne. 

Gen.  Meyriccia. 

Type. 
Meyrickia  Rag.,  Rom.  Mem.  viii.  p.  456  (1901)     ........     latro 

Proboscis  fuUj'  developed  ;  palpi  of  male  short,  upturned,  of  female  down- 
curved  and  extending  about  twice  the  length  of  head  ;  maxillary  palpi  tufted 
vnih  hair  ;  frons  smooth,  with  large  tuft  of  hair  above  ;  antennae  short,  almost 
simple.  Forewing  very  long  and  narrow,  the  apex  rounded,  the  termen  obliquely 
curved  ;  the  cell  about  three-fourths  length  of  wing  ;  vein  3  from  well  before 
angle  ;  4,  5  from  angle  ;  the  discocellulars  angled  ;  6  from  just  below  upper 
angle;  7,  8,  9  stalked,  7  from  before  9;  10,  11  from  cell;  male  with  small 
glandular  swelhng  at  base  of  costa  on  underside  and  the  cell  clothed  with  silky 
hair.  Hind  wing  with  vein  2  from  close  to  angle  of  cell ;  3  and  5  stalked,  4 
absent ;  the  discocellulars  angled  inwards  almost  to  base  ;  6,  7  from  upper 
angle,  7  anastomosing  with  8. 

Meyriccia  latro. 

t  Melissoblaptes  latro  Zell.,  Verh.  zool.-bot.  Ges.  Wien,  1873.  p.  213 ;  Rag.,  Rom.  Mem.  viii.  p.  457. 
pi.  46.  f.  8. 

IT.  S.  Wales  ;  S.  Australia ;  W.  Australia. 


30  NOVITATES    ZOOLOOICAE    XXIV.    1917. 

Gen.  Metachrysia. 

Typs. 
Metachrysia  Hmpsn.,  Rom.  Mim.  vUi.  p.  504  (1901)  ......    acyperella 

Proboscis  small ;  palpi  slender,  upturned,  fringed  with  hair  ;  maxillary  palpi 
very  small ;  frons  with  small  tuft  of  hair  ;  antennae  of  male  short.  Forewing 
narrow,  the  costa  arched  before  apex  which  is  obliquely  truncate  and  produced 
to  a  point,  the  termen  oblique ;  the  cell  very  long,  the  lower  angle  produced  ; 
veins  2,  3,  4,  5  given  off  at  equal  distances  and  parallel ;  the  discocellulars  very 
oblique  ;  vein  6  from  upper  angle  of  cell ;  7,  8  stalked,  9  absent  ;  10,  11  from 
cell ;  the  male  on  underside  with  the  cell  clothed  with  fine  silky  hair,  with  a 
small  glandular  swelling  at  base  of  costa.  Hindwing  with  the  cell  open  ;  veins 
2  and  5  stalked,  3,  4  absent ;    6,  7  sialked,  7  anastomosing  with  8. 

*  Metachrysia  acyperella. 

Metachrysia  acyperella  Hmpsn.,  Rom.  Mem.  viii.  p.  504.  pi.  53.  £.   17  (1901). 
S'Entrecasteaox  Is,,  Fergusson  I. 

Gen.  Acracona. 

Type. 
Acracona  Karsch,  Ent.  Nachr.  xxvi.  p.  244  (1900)         ......  remipedalis 

Palpi  of  male  minute,  of  female  reaching  just  beyond  the  large  frontal  tuft; 
maxiUary  palpi  small  ;  antennae  with  the  basal  joint  long,  the  shaft  of 
moderate  length  cihated  ;  fore  and  mid  tibiae  and  tarsi  thickened  and  flattened 
especially  in  female.  Forewing  with  the  costa  arched  at  base,  the  apex  strongly 
produced  and  acute  ;  the  cell  rather  short  ;  vein  3  from  near  angle  of  cell  ; 
4,  5  from  angle  ;  the  discocellulars  curved ;  6  from  below  upper  angle  ;  7,  8,  9, 
10  stalked,  7  from  beyond  9;  11  free;  male  with  a  large  glandular  swelling 
enclosing  flocculent  hair  on  underside  of  basal  costal  area  and  a  fringe  of  long 
upwardly  directed  hair  in  submedian  fold  at  middle.  Hindwing  with  veins  3 
and  5  from  angle  of  cell,  4  absent ;  the  discocellulars  angled  inwards  ;  6,  7  from 
upper  angle,  7  anastomosing  with  8. 

(1)  *  Acracona  flammealis  n.  sp. 

Head  and  thorax  purpUsh  red  ;  abdomen  orange-red.  Forewing  purplish 
red  irrorated  with  darker  scales  ;  an  indistinct  discoidal  spot ;  cilia  orange. 
Hindwing  orange-red. 

S.  Nigeria,  Warri  (Roth.),  type  in  coll.  Rothschild.     Exp.  (J  28,  $  36  mill. 

(2)  t  Acracona  metachryseis  n.  sp. 

$.  Head,  thorax,  abdomen  and  forewing  rufous  with  a  greyish  tinge,  the 
last  slightly  irrorated  with  fuscous  and  with  a  fuscous  discoidal  spot ;  cilia  orange. 
Hindwing  golden  orange.     Underside  orange  except  costal  area  of  both  wings. 

Sierra  Leone  (Clements),  1  ?  type.     Exp.  42  mill. 

(3)  *  Acracona  remipedalis. 

Acracona  remipedalis  Karsch,  Ent.  Nachr.  xxvi.  p.  245  (1900). 
Togoland. 


XOVITATES    ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV.     1917.  31 

Gen.  Metaraphia. 

Type. 
Metaraphia  Hmpsn.,  Rcrm.  Mem.  viii.  p.  49-1  (1901)   .......    postluteella 

Proboscis  slight  ;  palpi  of  female  short,  porrect,  typically  not  extending 
as  far  as  the  frontal  tuft  which  is  large  and  truncate  ;  antennae  short,  the 
basal  joint  long  and  curved.  Forewing  long  and  narrow,  the  costa  slightly 
arched,  the  apex  typically  acute,  the  termen  evenly  curved  ;  the  cell  long  ; 
vein  2  from  middle  of  cell  ;  3  from  well  before  angle  ;  4,  5  from  angle  ;  the 
discocellulars  angled  ;  6  from  upper  angle  ;  7,  8  and  10  stalked,  7  from  beyond 
10,  9  absent ;  11  from  ceU  ;  a  small  glandular  swelling  at  base  of  costa  on  under- 
side. Hindwing  with  the  apex  typically  produced  and  acute  ;  vein  2  from 
near  angle  of  cell ;  3  and  5  stalked,  4  absent ;  the  discocellulars  strongly  angled  ; 
6,  7  from  upper  angle,  7  anastomosing  with  8. 

Sect.  I.  Both  wings  with  the  apex  produced  and  acute  ;  forewing  with  vein 
2  from  middle  of  cell ;   palpi  not  extending  as  far  as  the  frontal  tuft. 

(1)  Metaraphia  postluteella. 

t  Metaraphia  postluteella  Hmpsn.,  Rom.  Mem.  viii.  p.  495.  pi.  55.  £.  2  (1901). 
Borneo,  Baram. 

Sect.  II.  Both  wings  with  the  apex  rounded  ;  forewing  with  vein  3  from 
near  angle  of  cell ;    palpi  extending  about  the  length  of  head. 

(2)  t Metaraphia  calamistis  n.  sp. 

$.  Head,  thorax  and  abdomen  ochreous  tinged  with  rufous,  especially  on 
dorsum  of  abdomen.  Forewing  ochreous  irrorated  with  black-brown  especially 
along  median  nervure ;  a  diffused  antemedial  blackish  mark  on  vein  1  and  ter- 
minal series  of  points.  Hindwing  ochreous,  the  termen  brownish.  Underside 
with  the  forewing  and  costal  area  of  hindwing  irrorated  with  brown. 

W.  Colombia,  San  Antonio  (Palmer),  1  ?  type.     Exf.  28  miU. 

Gbn.  Ethopia. 

Type. 
Ethopia  Wlk.,  xxxi.  233  (1863) roseilinea 

Proboscis  fully  developed  ;  palpi  of  male  short,  upturned,  thickly  scaled,  of 
female  obliquely  upturned,  the  second  joint  reaching  to  about  middle  of  frons, 
the  third  long,  smoothly  scaled  ;  maxillary  palpi  shght ;  frons  with  tuft  of  hair  ; 
antennae  short,  almost  simple  ;  male  with  large  protrusible  genital  tuft.  Fore- 
wing narrow,  the  costa  highly  arched  throughout  in  female,  towards  apex  only 
in  male,  the  apex  rounded,  the  termen  obliquely  curved,  the  inner  margin  some- 
what excised  towards  tornus  ;  male  with  vein  3  from  just  before  angle  of  cell  ; 
4  from  angle  with  a  recurrent  vein  running  back  from  it  to  middle  of  subcostal 
nervure  ;  vein  5  from  middle  of  cell  from  the  almost  obsolete  discocellulars 
which  are  strongly  angled  inwards  above  it ;  6  from  upper  angle  ;  7,  8,  9  stalked, 
7  from  before  9  ;  10,  1 1  from  cell  ;  the  cell  on  underside  clothed  with  silky 
downturned  hair  ;  female  with  veins  4,  5  from  angle  of  cell  and  the  discocellulars 
strongly  angled  inwards.  Hindwing  with  veins  3  and  5  from  angle  of  cell, 
4  absent  ;  the  discocellulars  angled  inwards  to  near  base  ;  6,  7  strongly  stalked 
and  anastomosing  with  8  ;  the  male  with  fringe  of  long  downturned  hair  on 
upperside  from  beyond  upper  angle  of  cell. 


32  NOVITATES   ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV.    1917. 

Ethopia  roseilinea. 

Eehopia  roseilinea  Wlk.,  xxxi.  233  (1863) ;   Swinh.,  Cat.  Het.  Jhis.  Oxon.  ii.  pi.  vii.  f.  4;  Hmpsn., 

Rom.  Mem.  viii.  p.  458.  pi.  53.  £.  6. 
Grambomorpha  aurora  Voll.,  Tijd.  v.  Ent.  xvi.  p.  246.  pi.  12.  f.  2  (1873). 

Philippines,  Mindanao  ;  Salawati  ;  Dntch  N.  Guinea ;  S'Entrecasteanx  Is., 
Fergusson  I. 

Gen.  Tirathaba. 

Type. 

TiVa<^6a  Wlk.,  XXX.  961  (1864) mundetta 

.a/wcm/to  Wlk.,  XXXV.  1739  (1866) mundella 

Harpagoneura  Butl,  A.  M.  N.  H.  {5).  XV.  p.  242  {ISS5) complexa 

Coleoneura  Rag.,  Noiiv.  Gen.  p.  52  (1888)  ........        trichogramma 

Proboscis  fully  developed  ;  palpi  of  male  short,  upturned,  thickly  scaled, 
of  female  downcurved  and  extending  about  twice  the  length  of  head  ;  maxillary 
palpi  slight ;  frons  with  tuft  of  hair  ;  antennae  short  and  almost  simple.  Fore- 
wing  narrow,  the  apex  shghtly  produced,  the  termen  evenly  curved  ;  the  cell  in 
male  typically  about  two-thirds  length  of  wing  ;  vein  3  from  just  before  angle 
of  cell  ;  4  from  angle  ;  5  typically  from  well  above  angle  ;  the  discocellulars 
angled  inwards  ;  6  from  below  upper  angle  ;  7,  8,  9  staUsed,  7  from  before  9  ; 
10,  11  from  cell  ;  the  male  typically  with  small  glandular  swelling  at  base  of 
costa  on  underside  and  the  cell  clothed  with  silky  androconia  ;  female  with 
vein  3  typically  from  near  angle  of  cell  and  4,  5  strongly  stalked.  Hindwing 
with  veins  3  and  5  from  angle  of  cell  or  stalked,  4  absent ;  the  discocellulars 
angled  inwards  to  near  base  ;  6,  7  from  upper  angle,  7  touching  8  at  a  point  ; 
the  male  with  fringe  of  hair  from  below  basal  part  of  costa  on  upperside. 

Sect.  I.  (Harpagoneura).  Forewing  of  male  with  an  elongate  brand  beyond 
upper  angle  of  cell,  the  subcostal  neuration  and  terminal  area  distorted  ;  the 
cell  extending  to  about  three-fourths  of  wing. 

(1)  Tirathaba  acrocausta. 

t  Harpagoneura  acrocausta  Meyr.,  Trans.  Ent.  Soc.  1897.  p.  79  ;   Hmpsn.,  Horn.  Mem.  viii.  p.  466. 

pi.  54.  f.  9. 
Mucialla  fuscolimbalis  Snell.,  Tijd.  v.  Ent.  xliii.  p.  308.  pi,  17.  ff.  10.  II  (1900). 

Philippines  ;  Java ;  Celebes,  Sangir  I.  ;  D'Entrecasteaaz  Is.,  Fergusson  I.  ; 
Louisiade  Is.,  St.  Aignan  ;    Queensland,  Cedar  Bay. 

(2)  Tirathaba  trichogramma. 

Heteromicta  trichogramma  Meyr.,  Trans.  Ent.  Soc.  1886.  p.  273  ;    Rag.,  Rom.  Mem.  viii.  p.  461. 

pi.  51.  f.  13. 
Coleoneura  tacanovella  Rag.,  Nouv.  Gen.  p.  52  (1888). 

Piji.     The  larva  eats  into  young  coconuts. 

(3)  Tirathaba  complexa. 

t  Harpagoneura  complexa  Butl.,  A.  M.  N.  H.  (5).  xv.  p.  242  (1885) ;  Rag.,  Rom.  Mim.  viii.  p.  465. 
pi.  54.  f.  7. 
Ellice  Is. 


NOVITATES    ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV.     1917.  33 

(4)  *  Tirathaba  irrufatella. 

Tirathaba  irrufatella  Rag.,  Rom.  Mem.  viii.  p.  462.  pi.  43.  f.  26  (1901). 
Japan. 

Sect.  II.  Forewing  of  male  without  brand  beyond  upper  angle  of  cell,  the 
subcostal  neuration  and  terminal  area  not  distorted. 

A.  Forewing  of  male  with  the  cell  extending  almost  to  termen. 

(5)  t  Tirathaba  pseudocomplana  n.  n. 

Harpagoneura  complana  Hmpsn.,  Rom.  Mem.  viii.  p.  466.  pi.  46.  f.  l.'J  (nee  Feld). 

Br.  BT.  Guinea,  Aroa  R.  ;  D'Entrecasteaiix  Is.,  Fergusson  I.  ;  Solomon  Is., 
Florida  I.  ;    Qneensland,   Geralton. 

B.  Forewing  with  the  cell  extending  to  about  two-thirds  of  wing. 
a.  (Tirathaba).  Forewing  of  female  with  veins  4,  5  strongly  stalked. 

(6)  Tirathaba  mimdella. 

t  Tirathaba  munddla  Wlk..  xxx.  961  (1864). 
t  Mucialla  mundella  Wlk.,  xxxv.  1739  (1866). 

Borneo,  Sarawak. 

h.  Forewing  of  female  with  veins  4,  5  from  cell  or  shortly  stalked. 

a'.  Forewing  of  male  on  underside  with  glandular  swelling  below  base 
of  costa  and  the  cell  clothed  with  silky  androconia. 

(7)  t  Tirathaba  ignivena  n.  sp. 

?.  Head  and  thorax  brownish  grey  tinged  with  purplish  red  ;  abdomen 
orange-yellow  ;  pectus  and  legs  whitish  irrorated  with  red-brown  ;  ventral 
surface  of  abdomen  yellowish  white.  Forewing  pale  grey-brown,  the  basal  and 
costal  areas  irrorated  with  a  few  black  scales  ;  the  veins  below  costa  with  rather 
diffused  purplish-red  streaks,  the  other  veins  and  inner  margin  with  well-defined 
fiery-red  streaks  ;  a  fine  black  terminal  line  interrupted  by  white  points  ;  cilia 
red-brown  \vith  blackish  marks  near  base.  Hindwing  orange-yellow.  Underside 
of  forewing  yellow  with  a  brownish  tinge. 

Louisiade  Is.,  St.  Aignan,  1  $  type.     Exji.  .36  miU. 

(8)  Tirathaba  ruflvena. 

t  Lamoria  rufivenaWlk.,  xxx.  960  (1864) ;  Hmpsn.,  Moths  Ind.  iv.  p.  5 ;  id.,  Rom.  Mem.  viii.  p.  460. 

pi.  46.  f.  7. 
Lamoria  ruplilinea  Wlk.,  xxxv.  1723  (1866). 
Melissoblaptes  rufovenalis  Snell.,  Tijd.  i\  Ent.  xxiii.  p.  248  (1879) ;   id.,  xxvii.  p.  53.  pi.  5.  f.  10. 

Ceylon ;  Singapore  ;  Borneo,  Sarawak  ;  Bali ;  Bnm ;  Celebes  ;  Gilolo  ; 
Batchian  ;  Dutch  IT.  Guinea ;   Louisiade  Is.,  8t.  Aignan  I.  ;    Queensland. 

(9)  t  Tirathaba  maculifera  n.  sp. 

(J.  Head  and  thorax  white  mixed  with  ferruginous  ;  abdomen  orange- 
yellow,  the  anal  tuft  white  at  tip.  Forewing  white,  the  costal  area  and  sub- 
median  fold  tinged  with  ferruginous  ;  the  wing  mottled  with  ferruginous  spots 
especially  along  submedian  fold  and  an  ill-defined  subterminal  band  ;    a  short 

3 


34  XOVITATES    ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV.     191". 

streak  in  base  of  cell  and  spots  at  unddle  of  cell  and  upper  angle  ;  a  terminal 
series  of  points.     Hindwing  and  underside  orange-j-ellow. 

$.  Forewing  entirely  suffused  with  ferruginous,  the  veins  streaked  with 
ferruginous,  the  subterminal  band  just  traceable,  the  spots  absent. 

Sntch  N.  Goiitea,  Ron  J.  (Doherty),  l  (J  ;  B'Entrecasteaux  Is.,  Goodenough  I. 
(Meek),  1  o".  Woodlark  I.  (Meek),  1  <J  type,  ?  in  coll.  Kothscliild  ;  Lonisiade  Is., 
St.  Aignan  I.  (Meek),  1  3-     Exp.  24-30  mill. 

(10)  tTirathaba  Juscistriata  n.  sp. 

?.  Head  and  thorax  ochreous  grey  tinged  with  purplish  red-brown  ;  abdo- 
men dull  ochreous.  Forewing  ochreous  grey  tinged  with  purplish  red-brown, 
the  veins  of  costal  half  streaked  with  blackish  ;  traces  of  postmedial  and  sub- 
terminal  series  of  slight  brownish  spots  ;  the  apical  part  of  costa  and  termen 
with  series  of  dark  striae  ;  cilia  pale  purplish  red,  the  tips  dark  towards  apex. 
Hind\ving  dull  ochreous,  the  costal  area  tinged  with  brown,  the  cilia  pale  purplish 
red.  Underside  dull  ochreous  ;  forewing  with  the  disk  suffused  with  fuscrus, 
the  costal  and  terminal  areas  tinged  with  purple  ;  hindwing  with  the  ccstal 
area  suffused  with  fuscous. 

Dutch  N.  Guinea,  Dorey  (Doherty),  1  §  type.     Exp.  30  mill. 

(11)  *Tirathaba  purpurella  n.  sp. 

9  Head  and  thorax  pale  ochreous  tinged  with  jnirplish  ;  palpi  fuscous  at 
tips  ;  metathorax  edged  with  fuscous  ;  abdomen  ochreous,  the  anal  tuft  and 
ventral  surface  tinged  with  purple.  Forewing  purple  suffused  with  fuscous, 
the  veins  streaked  with  fuscous  ;  a  rufous  discoidal  spot.  Hindwing  greyish 
fuscous,  somewhat  ochreous  towards  base  ;    cilia  purple  on  apical  half. 

Louisiade  Is.,  St.  Aignan  I.  (Meek),  type  $  in  coll.  Rothschild.  Exp.  38  mill. 

(12)  Tirathaba  grandinotella. 

t  Tirathaba  grandinotella  Hmpsn.,  J.  Bomb.  N.  H.  Sac.  xii.  p.  96  (1898) ;  id.,  Rom.  Mem.  viii.  p.  462, 
pi.  4.'-).  f.  17. 

Assam,  Kha-iis  ;    Amboina. 

(13)  Tirathaba  semifoedalis. 

Jiotys  semijocdalis  Wlk.,  xxxiv.  1439  (1865)  ;    Hmpsn.,  Rom.  Mem.  viii.  p.  462.  pi.  54.  £.  4, 
Bhutan  ;  Celehes,  Sula  I. 

(14)  Tirathaba  parasitica. 

Melissoblaptes  parasiticus  Lucas,  Pr.  R.  Sue.  Queeiisl.  xiii.  ]).  85  (1898). 
Ilarpajotieura  hepialivora  Hmpsn.,  Rom.  Mem.  viii.  p.  464.  jil.  53.  f.  19  (1901). 

Queensland. 

(15)  Tirathaba  haematella. 

t  Tirathaba  haematella  Hmpsn.,  Rom.  Mem.  viii.  p.  463.  pi.  54.  f.  21  (19Ul). 
Aru  Is. 


NOVITATES    ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV.     1917.  35 

6'.  Forewiiig  of  male  without  secondary  sexual  characters. 
(16)  Tirathaba  unicolorella. 

t  ilucialla  unicolorella  Hmpan.,  Moths  Ind.  iv.  p.  5  (1896) ;  id.,  Rom.  Mem.  viii.  p.  463.  pi.  54.  f.  6. 
Bhutan  ;  Assam,  Khasis. 

(17)  t  Tirathaba  nitidalis  n.  sp. 

?.  Head,  thorax  and  abdomen  white,  the  anal  tuft  brownish.  Forewing 
silvery  white,  the  costal  edge  black  towards  base ;  a  diffused  purplish-fuscous 
subterminal  line,  slightly  excurved  at  middle,  the  area  beyond  it  faintly  tinged 
with  purplish  fuscous.  Hindwing  .silvery  white,  the  inner  area  slightly  tinged 
with  brown. 

Dutch  IT.  Guinea,  Kapaur  (Doherty),  1  5  type.     Exp.  18  mill. 

Gen.  Antiptilotis. 

Type. 
Antiptilotis  Meyr.,  Trans.  Ent.  Soc.  1897.  p.  80 rubicuTida 

Proboscis  fully  developed  ;  palpi  of  male  short,  upturned  ;  maxillary  palpi 
slight  ;  frons  with  large  tuft  of  hair  ;  antennae  short,  the  basal  joint  with  tuft 
of  hair.  Forewing  narrow,  the  costa  arched  at  base,  the  apex  somewhat  produced, 
the  termen  obliquely  curved  ;  cell  long  ;  vein  2  from  middle  of  cell  ;  3  from 
near  angle  ;  4,  5  from  angle  ;  6  from  upper  angle  ;  7,  S.  9,  10  stalked,  7  from 
,  beyond  9  ;  11  from  cell  ;  the  male  with  large  glandular  swelling  at  base  of  costa 
on  underside  fringed  with  hair  at  extremity  met  by  a  fringe  of  upturned  hair 
from  middle  of  median  nervure.  Hindwing  with  the  apex  produced  and  acute  ; 
the  cell  short,  vein  2  from  near  angle  of  cell  ;  3  and  5  stalked,  4  absent ;  the 
discocellulars  angled  ;  6,  7  shortly  stalked,  7  not  ana.stomosing  with  8 ;  the 
male  with  tuft  of  scales  on  upperside  below  base  of  cell. 

Antiptilotis  nibicunda. 

t  Antiptilotis  rubicunda  Meyr.,  Trans.  Ent.  Soc.  1897.  p.  80  ;  Hmpsn.,  Rum.  Mem.  viii.  p.  467.  pi.  54. 

f.  2. 
MelissoUaptes  emhelidlus  Snell.,  Tijd.  v.  Ent.  xliii.  p.  308.  pi.  17.  f.  9  (1900). 

Java;  Celebes,  Sangir  I. 

Gen.  Corcyra. 

Type. 
Corcyra  Rag.,  Ent.  Mo.  Mag.  xxii.  p.  23  (1885)  .......  cephalonica 

Proboscis  almost  obsolete  ;  palpi  of  male  short,  upturned,  thickly  scaled, 
of  female  downcurved  and  extending  about  twice  the  length  of  head  ;  maxillary 
palpi  minute  ;  frons  with  large  tuft  of  hair  above  ;  antennae  short,  the  basal 
joint  large  and  with  tuft  of  hair  below.  Forewing  narrow,  the  costa  arched 
towards  apex  wl  ich  is  rounded,  the  termen  obliquely  curved  ;  vein  2  from  well 
beyond  middle  of  cell  ;  3  and  5  from  angle,  4  absent ;  the  discocellulars  angled  ; 
vein  6  from  just  below  upper  angle  ;  7,  8,  9  stalked,  7  from  beyond  9;  10,  11 
from  cell  ;  the  male  with  slight  glandular  swclUng  at  base  of  costa.  Hindwing 
with  vein  2  from  near  angle  of  cell ;  3  and  5  stalked,  4  absent ;  the  discocellulars 
retracted  to  near  base  ;   veins  0,  7  from  upper  angle,  7  anastomosing  with  8. 


36  XOVITATES    ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV.     1917. 

(1)  Corcyra  cephalonica. 

Melissoblaples  cephalonica  Sttn..  Ent.  Mo.  Mag.  ii.  p.  172  (186.5)  ;   Rag..  Rom.  Mem.  viii.  p.  491. 

pi.  45.  f.  23;  Staud.,  Cat.  Lep.  pal.  ii.  p.  1. 
ilelissoblaptes  neconnmellus  Mann,  Verh.  zoot.-bot.  ges.  U'lVre,  1872.  p.  35. 

W.  Indies ;  Brazil ;  Britain  ;  Germany ;  Sicily  ;  Corcyra  ;  Bulgaria ; 
Seychelles  ;  Asia  Kinor,  Bitlij'iiia  ;  Uadras  ;  Ceylon ;  Java  ;  Christmas  I. ; 
Cocos  Keeling  I. ;  IT.  Australia. 

(2)  Corcyra  translineella. 

Corcyra  translineeUa  Rag.,  Rom.  Mem.  viii.  p.  492.  pi.  .51.  f.  26  (1901). 

Sudan  ;  Br.  C.  Africa  ;  Beuuion  ;  Ceylon ;  Kei  Is.  Probably  not  distinct 
from  C.  cepfialoniai. 

(3)  *  Corcyra  asthenistis. 

Corcyra  asthenistis  Turner,  Pr.  R.  Soc.  Qiieensl.  xviii.  p.  155  (1904). 
Queensland. 

Gen.  Arenipses. 

Type. 
Arenipses  Hmpsn.,  Rom.  Mem.  viii.  p.  501   (1901) sabella 

Proboscis  fully  developed  ;  palpi  of  male  short,  upturned  and  fringed 
with  hair,  of  female  downcurved  and  extending  about  three  times  length  of 
head;  frons  with  large  tuft  of  hair;  antennae  short,  the  basal  joint  rather 
large.  Forevving  narrow,  the  apex  rounded,  the  termen  evenly  curved  ;  the 
cell  in  male  very  long  and  produced  to  a  point  at  vein  5  ;  veins  2,  3,  4,  5  given 
off  at  equal  distances  and  parallel  ;  the  discocellulars  very  obUque  ;  veins 
6,  7,  8,  9  stalked.  7  from  beyond  9  ;  10,  11  from  cell  ;  the  cell  on  underside 
clothed  with  fine  silky  hair  and  with  a  large  glandular  swelling  filled  with  floccu- 
lent  hair  at  base  of  co.sta  ;  of  female  with  the  cell  normal ;  vein  3  from  before 
angle  of  cell  ;  4,  5  separate,  the  discocellulars  angled.  Hindwing  with  the  cell 
open,  the  lower  discocellular  very  faint  and  the  upper  absent  ;  veins  3  and  5 
stalked,  4  absent  ;    6,  7  stalked,  7  anastomosing  with  8. 

Arenipses  sabella. 

t  Arenipses  .mbella  Hmp3n.,  Rom.  Mem.  viii.  p.  501.  pi.  24.  f.  1  (1901) ;  Stand..  Cat.  Lep.  pal.  ii.  p.  1. 
Algeria ;  Arabia  ;  Persia. 

Gex.  Trachylepidia. 

Type. 
Trachylepidia  Rag.,  Ann.  Soc.  Ertt.  Fr.  1887.  p.  260     ......      fructicassiella 

Proboscis  sUght ;  palpi  of  male  short,  upturned,  thickly  sealed,  of  female 
downcurved  and  extending  about  the  length  of  head  ;  maxillary  palpi  slight  ; 
frons  with  large  tuft  of  hair  ;  antennae  of  moderate  length,  the  basal  joint 
with  tuft  of  scales  below.  Forewing  narrow,  the  apex  rounded,  the  termen 
evenly  curved  ;  the  cell  rather  short  ;  vein  2  from  middle  of  cell  ;  3  from  well 
before  angle  ;  4,  5  from  angle  ;  6  from  just  below  upper  angle  ;  7,  8,  9,  10  stalked, 
7  from  beyond  9  ;  11  from  cell  ;  the  male  with  large  glandular  swelling  at  base 
of  costa  on  underside,  fringed  with  hair  at  extremity  met  by  a  fringe  of  upturned 
hair  from  middle  of  median  nervure.     Hindwing  with  vein  2  from  near  angle 


NOVITATES    ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV.     1917.  37 

of  cell ;   3  and  5  stalked,  4  absent  ;   tlie  discocellulars  angled  to  near  base  ;    6,  7 
from  upper  angle  ;    7  anastomosing  with  8. 

Trachylepidia  fructicassiella. 

Trachylepidia  frutlicassiella.  Rag.  Ann.  Noc.  Enl.  Fr.  1SS7.  p.  260;   id.,  Rom.  Mim.  viii.  p.   469. 
pi.  46,  f.  15. 

Egypt ;  Mozambique  ;  Transvaal ;  Syria  ;  Punjab  ;  Bengal ;  Ceylon. 

Gex.  Paraphomia. 

Typo. 
Paraphomia  Hmpsn.,  Rom.  Mem.  viii.  p.  501  (1901)    .......     vineieella 

Proboscis  slight ;  palpi  of  male  short,  upturned,  of  female  do^^  ncurved 
and  extending  about  the  length  of  head  ;  maxillary  paljii  slight ;  Irons  with 
small  tuft  of  scales  ;  antennae  short,  the  basal  joint  long  and  dilated.  Forewing 
with  the  costa  arched,  the  apex  rounded  ;  the  cell  narrow  and  lorg  ;  vein  2 
from  about  the  middle  of  cell  ;  3  from  well  befcre  angle  ;  4,  5  from  angle  ;  the 
discocellulars  angled  ;  6,  7,  8,  9  stalked  ;  10,  11  from  cell ;  the  male  with  glandular 
sweUing  at  base  of  costa  on  underside.  Hindwing  with  vein  2  from  near  angle 
of  ceU  ;  3  and  5  strongly  stalked,  4  absent  ;  the  discocellulars  angled  inwards 
almost  to  base  ;   6,  7  stalked,  7  anastomosing  xi  ith  8. 

(1)  *  Paraphomia  vineteella. 

Paraphomia  vineteella  Hmpsn.,  Rom.  Mem.  viii.  p.  502.  pi.  55.  f.  1  (1901). 
Tenimber  Is. ;    Queensland,  Cedar  Bay. 

(2)  *  Paraphomia  natalensis. 

Paraphomia  natalensis  Hmpsn.,  Rom.  Mim.  viii.  p.  502.  pi.  55.  f.  5  (1901). 
Natal. 

Gen.  Aphomia. 

Type. 

Tinea  Linn.,  Syst.  Nat.  edit.  x.  p.  496  (1858).  partim  t ?  sociella 

i4pAom»a  Hiibn.,  T'cr;.  p.  369(1827) sociella 

§  Mdia  Curt.,  Brit.  Enl.  vi.  p.  201  (1829)  nee  Bilb.  Crust.  1820            ....  sociella 

MelianaCmt..  Brit.  Ent.  vi.  InAeK  (\fi2ii) sociella 

Mdiisoblaptes  Zell.,  Isis.  1839.  p.  180 foedella 

Bopora  Wlk.,  xxxii.  p.  620  (1865) ohlilerosa 

Paralipsa  But!.,  A.  M.  N.  H.  (5).  iv.  p.  454  (1879) gularis 

Proboscis  fully  developed  ;  palpi  of  male  short,  upturned,  thickly  scaled, 
of  female  downcurved  and  extending  about  three  times  length  of  head  ;  maxillary 
palpi  dilated  with  scales  ;  frons  with  large  tuft  of  hair  above  ;  antennae  about 
half  the  length  of  wing,  the  1st  joint  with  tuft  of  scales  below.  Forewing  rather 
narrow,  the  costa  arched,  the  termen  evenly  curved  ;  the  males  typically  with 
the  cell  very  large  and  extending  almost  to  the  termen  ;  veins  3,  4,  5  widely 
separated  and  parallel ;  the  discocellulars  almost  obsolete,  6  from  below  upper 
angle  of  cell  ;  7,  8,  9  stalked,  7  from  beyond  9 ;  10,  1 1  from  cell ;  a  small  glandular 
swelling  at  base  of  costa  on  underside  and  the  whole  cell  clothed  with  fine  silky 
scales  ;  female  with  the  cell  about  two-thirds  length  of  wing  ;  vein  3  from  well 
before  angle  ;    4,   5  from  angle  ;    the  discocellulars  strongly  angled  ;    6  from 

X  Cf.  p.  17- 

§  Curtis  fixes  the  type  as  soct'eiia,  and  his  description  tind  structural  details  on  the  plate  of 
Senia  flammea  are  from  sociella. 


38  NOVITATES    ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV.     I!117. 

upper  angle.  Hindwing  with  the  termen  excised  below  apex  ;  vein  2  from 
close  to  angle  of  cell  ;  3  and  5  strongly  stalked,  4  absent  ;  the  discocellulars 
obsolescent  and  angled  inwards  to  near  base  ;  6,  7  from  upper  angle,  7  anas- 
tomosing with  8. 

Sect.  I.  {Aphomia).  Forewing  of  male  with  the  cell  very  broad  and  extending 
almost  to  termen,  veins  3,  4,  5  widely  separated  and  parallel,  the  discocellulars 
very  indistinct,  vein  6  from  below  upper  angle  ;  a  .small  glandular  swelling  at 
base  of  costa  on  underside  and  the  whole  cell  clothed  with  silky  scales. 

(1)  Aphomia  sociella. 

Tinea  sociella  Linn.,  Syst.  Nat.  edit.  x.  p.  534  (1758)  Si  Rag.,  Rom.  Mem.  viii.  p.  471  ;  Staud.,  Cat. 

Lep.  pal.  ii.  p.  1  ;   Dyar,  Cat.  Lep.  N.  Am.  p.  413. 
Tinea  colonella  Linn.,  Syst.  Nat.  edit.  x.  p.  534  (1758)  $  ;   Clerck,  Icones.  pi.  3.  ff.  8.  11  ;   Hiibn., 

Eur.  Schmidt.  Tin.  ff.  22,  23  ;   Dup.,  Up.  Fr.  x.   pi.  282.  f.  6  ;   Steph.,  //(.  Brit.  Ent.  Haust. 

p.  296. 
Tinea  tribunella  Sohiff.,   iVieii  Vers.  p.  319  (1770). 
Aphomia  sociella  ab.  rufinella  Krul.,  Rev.  Russ.  Ent.  viii.  p.  274  (1909). 

IT.  America  ;  Europe  ;  Asia  Minor  ;  Syria. 

Sect.  II.  (Pamlipsu).  Forewing  of  male  with  the  cell  shorter  and  narrower, 
produced  at  extremity  but  not  reaching  to  near  termen,  veins  3,  4,  5  well  separ- 
ated and  parallel,  6  from  below  upper  angle,  a  large  glandular  swelling  at  base 
of  costa  on  underside  extending  to  near  middle  of  wing  and  fringed  with  long 
hair  outwardly,  the  whole  cell  clothed  with  silky  andrcconia. 

(2)  Aphomia  gularis. 

Meliasdblaptes  gularis  Zell.,  Hor.  Soc.  Ent.  Rose.  xiii.  p.  74.  pi.  1.  f.  26  and  pi.  2.  f.  27  (1877). 

t  Paralipsa  modesta  Butl.,  .4.  M.  N.  H.  (5).  iv.  p.  455  (1879)  S  ;   Rag..   Rovi.  Mem.  viii.  p.  474. 

pi.  43.  f.  25. 
t  Melissoblaptes  tenebrosus  Butl..  ///.  Hel.  B.  M.  iii.  p.  78.  pi,  60.  f.  1  (1879)  ?. 
Japan ;  C.  and  W.  China  ;  Sikkim  ;  Bhntan  ;   Madras. 

(3)  *  Aphomia  spoliatrix. 

Aphomia  spoliatrix  Christ.,  Bull.  Nat.  Mosc.  Ivi.  p.  59  (1881) ;   Rag.,  Rom.  Mem.  viii.  p.  476.  pi. 
46.  f.  14  ;   Stand.,  Cat.  Lep.  pal.  ii.  p.  1. 
E.  Siberia. 

(4)  *  Aphomia  decolorella. 

Paralipsa  decolorella  Hmpsn..  Rom.  Mem.  viii.  p.  474.  pi.  53.  f.  3  (1001). 
S'Entrecasteauz  Is.,  Fergusson  I. 

(5)  f  Aphomia  ochracea  n.  sp. 

(J.  Pale  ochreous  sUghtly  tinged  with  brown.  Forewing  irrorated  with  a 
few  black  scales,  the  costal  and  terminal  areas  slightly  tinged  with  red  ;  faint 
dark  points  at  middle  and  end  of  cell  ;  traces  of  a  curved  postmedial  line  ;  a 
terminal  series  of  black  points.     Hindwing  ochreous  white. 

?.  Head,  thorax  and  forewing  whitish  tinged  and  irrorated  with  purplish 
red  ;    abdomen  and   hindwing  suffused  with  br<nvn. 

Dutch  TH.  Guinea,  Jobi  1.  (Doherty) ;  Louisiades  Is.,  Woodlark  I.,  St.  Aignan 
(Meek),  1  cJ,  1  ?  type.     E.vp.  S  24,  ?  26  mill. 


NOVITATES    ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV.     1917.  39 

(6)  *Aphomia  erabella. 

Paralipsa  erubella  Hmpan.,  Rom.  Mem.  viii.  p.  475.  pi.  53.  f.  20  (1901). 
D'Entrecasteanz  Is.,  FergiLsson  I. 

(7)  Aphomia  terrenella. 

Aphomia  terrenella  Zell.,  Isis,  1848.  p.  859  ;   Rag.,  Rom.  Mem.  viii.  p.  476.  pi.  56.  f.  12. 
t  Meliisoblaptesfurellus Zell.,  Verh.zool.-bot.ges.  W'ten,  1873.  p.  212:  Dyar,  Cat.  Lep.  N.  Am.  p.  413. 
ir.S.A.,  New  York,  Georgia. 

(8)  *  Aphomia  fulminalis. 

Melissoblaptes  julminalis  Zell.,  Verk.  zool.-bol.  ges.   Wien,  1872,  p.  560.  pi.  3.  f.  9  ;  Dyar,  Cat.  Lep. 
N.  Am.  p.  413. 

TT.S.A.,  Texas. 

(9)  Aphomia  stenopepla. 

Paralipsa  stenopepla  Turaer,  Pr.  R.  Soc.  Queensl.  xviii.  p.  156  (1904). 
Queensland. 

(10)  Aphomia  monochroa. 

t  Melissoblaptes  monochroa  Hmpsn.,  •/.  Bomb.  Nat.  Hist.  Soc.  xxi.  p.  1249.  pi.  G.  f.  29  (1912). 
Ceylon. 

(11)  Aphomia  vinotincta. 

t  Melissoblaptes  vinotincta  Hmpsn.,  J.  Bomb.  Nat.  Hist.  Soc.  xviii.  p.  257.  pi.  E.  f.  38  (1908). 
Ceylon. 

(12)  Aphomia  rosella. 

t  Tirathaba  rosella  Hmpsn.,  J.  Bomb.  Nat.  Hist.  Soc.  xii.  p.  97  (1898) ;   id.,  Rom.  Mem.  viii.  p.  465. 
pi.  54.  f.  8. 

Assam. 

(13)  t  Aphomia  albifiisa  n.  sp. 

<J.  Head  and  thorax  white  mixed  with  pale  brown  ;  abdomen  yellow  brown. 
Forewing  pale  brown  with  broad  fascia  of  white  suffusion  below  costa  extending 
at  base  to  inner  margin.     Hindwing  orange-yellow. 

?.  Forewing  entirely  suffused  with  pale  brown  and  irrorated  with  darker 
brown  ;  reddish  streaks  from  base  of  median  nervure  in  and  below  the  cell ;  a 
dark  terminal  line. 

Celebes,  Sangir  I.  (Doherty),  1  <J,  1  ?  type.     E.vp.  S  26,  ?  30  mill. 

Sect.  III.  {Melissoblaptes).  Forewing  of  male  with  the  cell  extending  to 
about  two-thirds  of  wing,  not  produced  at  extremity,  vein  3  from  close  to  angle 
of  cell  ;  4,  5  shortly  stalked  ;  a  large  glandular  swelling  at  base  of  costa  on 
underside  fringed  with  long  hair  outwardly  met  by  some  upturned  hair  from 
median  nervure,  the  cell  not  clothed  with  androconia. 

(14)  Aphomia  bipunctana. 

Tinea  anella  Zinck..  Germ.  Mag.  iv.  p.  244  (nee  Schiff.) ;   Leech,  Pi/r.  pi.  13.  f.  4. 
Melissoblaptesbipunctanus  Zell.,  Isis,  1848.  p.  580 (nee  Curt.) ;  Rag.,  Rom.  Mem.  viii.  p.  480  ;  Staud., 

Cat.  Lep.  pal.  ii.  p.  1. 
Melissoblaptes  bipunctanus  var.  sapozkniknvi  Krul.,  Rev.  Russ.  Ent.  viii.  p.  274  (1909). 

Europe  ;  E.  Turkestan,  Kiildja  ;    Japan ;  IT.  China  ;  Ceylon. 


40  NOVITATES    ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV.    1917. 

(15)  Aphomia  vinicolor. 

Mdissoblaptes  unicolor  Stand..   Hor.  Ent.  Snc.  Hoss.  vii.  p.  212  (1870) ;   Rag.,  Bom.  Mem.  viii. 
p.  482.  pi.  45.  f.  21  ;  Stand.,  Cat.  Lep.  pal.  ii.  p.  1. 
Algeria ;  Greece  ;  Bulgaria ;  Asia  Uinor,  Bithynia. 

(16)  *  Aphomia  foedella. 

Helissoblaptes  foedella  Zell.,  Isis,  1839.  p.  180 ;   Herr.  Schiiff.,  Eur.  Schm.  Pijr.  S.  147,  148  and  iv. 
p.  133  ;   Rag..  Rom.  Mem.  viii.  p.  483  ;   Staud.,  Cat.  Lep.  pal.  ii.  p.  1. 

Hungary ;  Bohemia. 

(17)  *  Aphomia  isodesma. 

MelissoUaptes  isodesma  Meyr.,   Trans.   Ent.   Sac.    1886.  p.   272;    Rag.,   Rum.   Mem.   viii.  p.  484. 
pi.  51.  f.  14. 

Fiji. 

(18)  Aphomia  sordidella. 

Gyrtona  sordidella  Wlk.,  xxxv.  1723  (1866) ;   Rag.,  Rom.  Mem.  viii.  p.  484.  pi.  44.  f.  23. 
W.  Australia ;  IT.  S.  Wales. 

(19)  t  Aphomia  melanomochla  n.  sp. 

$.  Head,  thorax  and  abdomen  grej-wliite  mixed  witli  brown  ;  antennae 
ringed  fuscous  and  white.  Forewing  grey-white  suffused  in  parts  and  irrorated 
with  brown  ;  a  fine  black  streak  in  submedian  fokl  to  the  postmedial  line  ;. 
a  dark  mark  on  median  nervure  before  the  antemedial  line  which  is  rather  diffused, 
black-brown,  oblique  to  submedian  fold,  and  slightly  incurved  at  vein  1  ;  a 
black  bar  in  cell  towards  extremitj',  and  a  rather  lunulate  discoidal  bar  defined 
on  outer  side  by  white  ;  postmedial  line  rather  diffused  black-brown,  defined 
on  outer  side  by  white  to  submedian  fold  where  there  is  a  dark  mark  beyond 
it,  obhque  and  slightly  sinuous  to  beyond  lower  angle  of  cell  where  it  is  acuteh' 
angled  outwards,  then  inwardly  oblique  to  submedian  fold  and  erect  to  inner 
margin,  some  dark  brown  suffusion  beyond  it  on  costal  area.  Hindwing  white, 
the  terminal  area  slightly  tinged  \^-ith  red-bro-\\n  ;  a  reddish  brown  terminal 
line  and  slight  line  near  base  of  cilia. 

W.  AustraUa,  Sherlock  R.  (Clements),  1   ?  type.     Exp.  28  mill. 

(20)  Aphomia  phloeomima. 

Hypolophota  phloeomima  Turner,  Ann.  Queensl.  Mus.  x.  p.  108  (1911). 
IT.  Australia, 

(21)  *  Aphomia  aegidia. 

MelissoUaptes  aegidia  Meyr.,  Trans.  Ent.  Soc.  1887.  p.  252  ;  Rag.,  Rom.  Mlm.  viii.  p.  485.  pi.  51.  f.  7. 
S.  Australia, 

(22)  *  Aphomia  disema. 

MelissoUaptes  disema  Lower,  Tr.  R.  Soc.  S.  Auslr.  xxix.  ji.  103  (1905). 
Victoria. 

(23)  Aphomia  odontella. 

^MelissoUaptes  odontella  Hmpsn.,  J.  Bomb.  Nat.  Hist.  Soc.  xii.  p.  96  (1901) ;  id.,  Rom.  Mem.  viii, 
p.  485.  pi.  54.  £.  18. 
Ceylon, 


NOVITATES    ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV.     1917.  41 

(24)  *Aphomia  fuscolimbella. 

MelissoUiijites  fuscoHmbdla'Ra.g.,  Nouv.  Gen.  p.  20(1887) ;  id.,  Rom.  Mem.  viii.  p.  485.  pi.  46.  f.  11  ; 
Dyar,  Cat.  Lep.  N.  Am.  p.  413. 

TX.S.A. 

(25)  Aphomia  variegatella. 

■f  Meliss"blaptes  variegatella  Hmpsn.,  Rom.  Mim.  viii.  p.  486.  pi.  54.  £.  19  (1901). 
Borneo. 

(26)  Aphomia  obliterosa. 

Bapara  obliterosa  Wlk.,  xxxii.  603  (1865) ;  Swinh.,  Cat.  Het.  Mus.  Oxon.  ii.  pi.  vii.  f.  2  ;   Hmpsn., 
Rom.  Mim.  viii.  p.  487.  pi.  53.  f.  14. 

IT.  Guinea  ;  D'Entrecasteaux  Is. 

(27)  *  Aphomia  distictella  n.  sp. 

<J.  Head  and  thorax  brown  irrorated  with  fuscous ;  abdomen  fuscous. 
Forewing  brown  irrorated  with  fuscous  ;  a  black  point  in  end  of  cell  and  anothei' 
on  discoceUulars.  Hindwing  dark  fuscous-brown  ;  the  cilia  paler  with  a  dark 
line  through  them. 

Natal  (A.  J.  Spiller),  type  in  coll.  Rothschild.     Exp.  22  mill. 

(28)  *  Aphomia  homochroa. 

Melissoblaptes  homochroa  Turner,  Pr.  R.  Soc.  Queensl.  xix.  p.  53  (1905). 
Queensland. 

Sect.  IV.  Forewing  of  male  with  the  cell  extending  to  about  two-thirds 
of  wing  ;  not  produced  at  extremity  ;  veins  3,  4  from  angle  of  cell ;  5  from 
above  angle  ;  a  small  glandular  swelling  at  base  of  costa  on  underside,  the  cell 
clothed  with  sUky  androconia  ;  hindwing  with  tuft  of  long  hair  from  below 
costa  near  base  on  upperside 

(29)  t  Aphomia  cyclophora  n.  sp. 

(J.  Head,  thorax  and  abdomen  whitish  tinged  with  pale  purplish  red. 
Forewing  pale  purplish  red  irrorated  with  blackish  ;  a  minute  annulus  incom- 
pletely defined  by  black  scales  in  middle  of  cell  and  a  more  complete  discoidal 
annulus  ;  traces  of  a  diffused  dark  post-medial  line,  obhque  to  vein  5,  then 
inwardly  obhque  and  somewhat  dentate  ;  traces  of  a  curved  dark  subterminal 
line  ;  a  terminal  series  of  black  bars.  Hindwing  ochreous  yellow  tinged  with 
brown  except  on  inner  area  ;  a  slight  brown  terminal  line  ;  cilia  brownish  to 
vein  2  with  a  pale  line  at  base,  then  yellowish.  Underside  ochreous  white  tinged 
with  brown,  forewing  with  the  cell  clothed  with  golden  yellow  androconia  ; 
hindwing  with  the  tuft  of  hair  ochreous. 

Br.  IT.  Guinea,  MUne  Bay  (Meek),  1  <?  type.     Exp.  34  mill. 

Sect.  V.  Forewing  of  male  with  the  cell  extending  to  about  two-thirds  of 
wing,  not  produced  at  extremity  ;  vein  3  from  before  angle  of  cell  ;  4,  5  from 
angle  ;    the  wings  without  secondary  sexual  charactei^. 


42  XOVITATES    ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV.     1917. 

(30)  fAphomia  cafiralis  n.  sp. 

(J.  Head  and  thorax  grey  tinged  with  purpH.sh  red  and  with  some  blackish 
mixed  ;  abdomen  pale  grey  with  a  faint  ochreous  tinge  towards  base  and  some 
fuscous  brown  suffusion  towards  extremity  ;  pectus,  legs  and  ventral  surface 
of  abdomen  whitish  uTorated  with  blackish,  the  tarsi  banded  with  blackish. 
Forewing  grey  tinged  with  purplish  red  and  sparsely  irroratcd  ^\ith  black  :  a 
diffused  whitish  streak  in  submedian  fold  from  before  the  antemedial  to  the 
postmedial  line  ;  a  black  point  at  base  of  vein  1,  and  subbasal  point  in  the  cell  ; 
antemedial  line  rather  diffused,  blackish,  oblique  to  submedian  fold,  then  erect  ; 
rather  diffused  black  spots  in  cell  towards  extremity  and  on  discocellulars,  with 
a  few  white  scales  between  them  ;  postmedial  line  rather  diffused  blackish, 
defined  on  outer  side  by  some  white  scales,  rather  obliquely  incurved  to  discal 
fold,  then  inwardly  oblique  ;  a  punctiform  blackish  terminal  line  ;  cilia  with  a 
slight  pale  line  near  tips,  Hindwing  whitish  suffused  with  reddish  brown,  the 
cilia  whiter  with  two  dark  lines  through  them  except  towards  tornus.  Underside 
of  forewing  fuscous  with  the  costal  edge  pale  ;  hindwing  whitish  tinged  with 
red-brown,  the  costal  area  suffused  with  fuscous. 

TransvaaJ,  Kranspruit  (Jause),  1  o  type ;  Orange  R.  Colony,  Bloemfontein 
(Eckersley),  1    cJ.     Exp.  26-30  mill. 

Aiictormn. 
Aphonia  erumpens  Lucas,  Pr.  R.  Soc.  Queensl.  xiii,  p,  79  (1.S98)  .....  Queenslaud 

JUelissoblaptes  burellus  Koll.,  Noi'.  Zool.  vii.  p.  5Sl  {\9>X>)  .......   Buru 

Melissoblaptes  baryptera  Lower,  P.  Linn.  Soc.  N.S.W.  1901.  p.  659       .         .  Victoria  ;  S.  Australia 
Melissoblaptes  agramma  Lower,  Tr.  R.  Soc.  S.  Avstr.  1903.  p.  49  .  Louisiades  Is. ;  Queensland 

Melissoblaptes  cissinobaphes  Turner,  Tr.  R.  Soc.  Queensl.  xix.  p.  90  (190.'5)   .  .  .  Queensland 

.4pfcomia  ymea  Turati,  £n(.  Tfec.  XXV.  p.  18  (1913)    .......       Sardinia 

Gen.  Heteromicta. 

T.Tpe. 
Heteromicta  Meyr.,  Trans  Ent.  Soc.  1886.  p.  273  .......  pachytera 

Hypolophota  Turner,  Pr.  R.  Soc.  Qneensl.  xviii.  p.  155  (1903)         .....  oodes 

Proboscis  fully  developed  ;  palpi  of  male  upturned,  short,  thickly  scaled, 
of  female  obliquely  porrect  and  extending  about  the  length  of  head  ;  maxillary 
palpi  minute,  filiform  ;  frons  with  large  tuft  of  hair  :  antennae  of  male  almost 
simple,  the  first  joint  rather  long.  Forewing  rather  short  and  broad,  the  costa 
moderately  arched,  the  apex  rounded  ;  veins  3  and  5  from  near  angle  of  cell  ; 
6  from  upper  angle  ;  7,  8,  9  stalked  from  before  angle,  7  from  before  9  ;  10,  11 
from  cell  ;  the  male  typically  without  secondarj^  sexual  characters.  Hindwing 
with  vein  2  from  near  angle  of  cell  :  3  and  5  strongly  stalked.  4  absent  ;  the 
discocellulars  angled  inwards  to  near  base  ;  6,  7  from  upper  angle  ;  7  anastomosing 
with  8. 

Sect.  I.  (Hypolophota).  Forewing  of  male  on  underside  with  costal  fold 
extending  to  beyond  middle  of  wing  and  containing  large  masses  of  flccculent 
hair,  vein  5  well  separated  from  4. 

( i )  Heteromicta  amydrastis. 

Hypolophota  amydrastis  Turner,  Pr.  R.  Soc.  Queensl.  xriii.  p.  156  (1904). 

Queensland.  The  forewing  {fide  Turner)  sometimes  has  vein  7  from  8 
beyond  9. 


NOVITATES    ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV.     1917.  43 

(2)  Heteromicta  oodes. 

Bypolophota  oodes  Turner,  Pr.  R.  Soc.  Queensl.  xviii.  p.  155  (1904). 

Queensland.     The  two  specimens  in   B.M.   have   vein   9  of  the  forewing 
absent. 

Sect.  II.  (Heteromicta).  Forewing  of  male  without  secondary  sexual  charac- 
ters, vein  5  from  close  to  4. 

(3)  Heteromicta  pachytera. 

Aphomia  pachi/tera  Meyr.,  Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  N.S.W.  1879.  p.  237  ;   Rag.,  Rom.  Mem.  viii.  p.  453. 
pi.  45.  ff.  19.  20. 

Queensland  ;  N.  S.  Wales  ;  Victoria  ;   S.  Australia ;  Tasmania. 

(4)  *  Heteromicta  poliostola. 

Heteromicta  poliostola  Turuer,  Pr.  R.  Soc.  Queensl.  xviii.  p.  158  (1903). 
Queensland. 

(5)  Heteromicta  tripartitella. 

Aphomia  tripartitella  .Meyr.,  Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  N.S.IV.  1879.  p.  236  ;   Rag.,  Rom.  Mem.  viii.  p.  454. 
pi.  46.  f.  9. 

Queensland  ;  N.  S.  Wales. 

(6)  Heteromicta  oohraceella. 

Heteromicta  ochraceella  Hmpsn.,  Rom.  Mem.  viii.  p.  455.  pi.  54.  f.  1  (1901). 
Queensland. 

(7)  *  Heteromicta  nigricostella. 

Heteromicta  nigricostella  Hmpsn..  Rom.  Mem.  viii.  p.  455.  pi.  54.  f.  3  (1901). 
Queensland. 

Aiictormn. 

Heteromicta  poeodes  Turner,  Pr.  R.  Soc.  Queensl.  xix.  p.  54  (1905)         .  .  .  Queensland 

H  ypolophota  agastaTumer,  Ann.  Queensl.  Mus.  x.  p.  109  (1911)?  4pAom«o  Queensland ;  N.Australia, 
Heteromicta  alypeta  Turner,  Ann.  Queensl.  Mus.  x.  p.  109  (1911)  .  .  .  Queensland 

Heteromicta  leptochlora  Turner,  Pr.  R.  Soc.  Queensl.  xxiv.  p.  129  (1913)  .  .  Queensland 

Gen.  Agdistopis  nov. 

Type  A.  petrochroa. 

Proboscis  aborted,  minute  ;  palpi  obliquely  porrect,  the  second  joint  with 
some  rough  scales  and  extending  about  twice  the  length  of  head,  the  third  moder- 
ate and  somewhat  dilated  at  extremity  ;  maxUlary  palpi  ab.sent ;  frons  with  small 
tuft  of  hair  ;  antennae  of  male  somewhat  laminate  and  with  fasciculate  cilia  ; 
legs  long,  the  fore  tibiae  slight,  fringed  with  hair,  the  mid  and  hind  tibiae  smoothly 
scaled,  the  hind  tibiae  curved  and  with  the  medial  spurs  absent ;  abdomen 
very  long  and  tipuliform.  Forewing  very  long  and  narrow,  the  apex  rounded, 
the  termen  evenly  cui-ved  ;  the  cell  about  tw o-thirds  length  of  wing  ;  vein  3 
from  close  to  angle  ;  4,  5  stalked  ;  the  discocellulars  curved  ;  6  from  upper 
angle  ;  7,  8,  10  stalked,  9  absent  ;  11  from  cell,  some  rough  hair  from  base  of 
costa  on  underside.     Hindwing  with  seme  rough  hair  from  base  of  costa,  but 


44  NOVITATES    ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV.     1917. 

the  retinaculum  absent  ;  the  apex  produced  and  acute,  the  termen  very  obUque 
and  somewhat  excised  below  apex  ;  veins  3  and  5  from  angle  of  cell,  4  absent ; 
the  discocellulars  erect ;  6  absent  ;  7  from  upper  angle,  closely  approximated 
to  but  not  anastomosing  -with  8. 

The  genus  has  a  remarkable  superficial  resemblance  to  AgdisUs. 

Agdistopis  petrochroa  ii.  sp. 

Head,  thorax  and  abdomen  ochreous  white  with  a  brownish  tinge,  the 
last  with  paler  segmental  bands  and  slight  dark  sublateral  streaks  ;  legs  rather 
browner.  Forewing  ochreous  white  with  some  blackish  irroration  especially 
below  and  beyond  the  cell,  the  costal  area  paler  ;  a  diffused  oblique  black  fascia 
intersected  by  a  pinkish  streak  below  basal  half  of  cell.  Hindwing  whitish 
tinged  with  fuscous  brown,  thinly  scaled  ;  ciUa  with  a  fine  ochreous  line  at  base. 

Hab.  Formosa,  Kanshirei  in  coll.  WUeman  ;  Ceylon,  Kandy  (Mackwood), 
<J  type  ;    Singapore  (Ridley),  2  <J,  2  ?.     Exp.  22-30  mill. 

Genus  Achroia. 

Type. 
Achroia  Hiibn.,  Yen.  p.  163  (1827)  not  preoce.  by  Acraea  Hiibn.,  Verz.  p.  92           .  .      grisella 

Meliphora  Guen,  Ann.  Soc.  Ent.  Fr.  xiv.  p.  308  (1845),  not  descr.  ....  grisdla 
FoirixWlk.,  XXX.  1014  (1864) innotata 

Proboscis  sUght ;  palpi  of  male  minute,  upturned,  hidden  under  the  dowii- 
turned  hair  on  frons  ;  of  female  downtiirned  and  extending  to  beyond  the 
frons  ;  maxillary  palpi  minute  and  ddated  with  scales  ;  antennae  rather  long, 
the  basal  joint  rather  long  and  with  tuft  of  scales  below.  Forewing  eUiptical, 
the  costa  arched,  the  apex  rounded,  the  termen  obhquely  curved  ;  male  with 
vein  3  from  before  angle  of  cell ;  4,  5  from  angle  ;  the  discocellulars  very  obhque  ; 
6  from  upper  angle  ;  7,  8  and  10  stalked,  7  from  beyond  10,  9  absent  ;  II  from 
cell ;  female  with  the  discocellulars  less  obhque,  vein  3  from  angle  of  cell  and 
4,  5  stalked.  Hindwing  of  male  with  the  apex  produced  and  acute,  the  termen 
excised  to  vein  1  and  obhquely  truncate  at  tornus  ;  vein  2  from  well  before  angle 
of  cell ;  3  and  5  stalked,  4  absent ;  the  discocellulars  angled  ;  6,  7  from  upper 
angle  of  cell,  7  anastomosing  with  8 ;  female  with  the  apex  less  produced  and 
the  termen  less  excised,  the  ceU  shorter,  vein  2  from  near  angle  and  3  and  5 
more  strongly  stalked. 

(1)  *  Achroia  obscurevittella. 
Achroia  obscurevittella  Rag.,  Bom.  Mem.  viii.  p.  498.  pi.  43.  f.  24  (1901). 
Japan.     Probablj'  not  distinct  from  A.  grisella. 

(2)  Achroia  grisella. 

Tinea  grisella  Fabr.,  Ent.  Syst.  iii.  2.  p.  289  (1794) ;  Hmpsn.,  Moths  hid.  iv.  p.  6 ;  Rag.,  Rom.  Mim. 

viii.  p.  497  ;  Stand.,  Cat.  Lep.  pal.  ii.  p.  1. 
Oalleria  alvearia  Fabr.,  Ent.  Syst.  Suppl.  p.  463  (1798). 
Bonibyx  cinereola  Hiibn.,  Eur.  Schm.  Bomb.  f.  91  (1802). 

U.S.A.  ;  Jamaica  ;  Europe  ;  Sikkim  ;  Bengal,  Calcutta  ;   Ceylon ;  Australia. 

(3)  Achroia  innotata. 

t  Vobrix  innotata  Wlk.,  xxx.  1014  (1864) ;   Rag.,  Rom.  Miiri.  viii.  p.  498.  pi.  55.  f.  8. 
Ceylon;  Borneo,  Sarawak.     Probably  not  distinct  from  A.  grisella. 


NOVITATES    ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV.     1017.  45 

Auctorum. 

Mdiphora  myrmecophila  Tumev,  Pr.  R.  Soc.  Queensl.  ^xiv.  p.  130  {1913)     .         .         .     Queensland 

Gen.  Athaliptis. 

Type. 
Athaliptis  Schaug,  A.  M.  N.  H.  (8).  xi.  p.  252  (1913) cymonia 

Palpi  of  female  long,  downcurved ,  slender ;  antennae  almost  simple. 
Forewing  long  and  narrow,  the  apex  rounded,  the  termen  evenly  curved  ;  vein  3 
from  before  angle  of  cell  ;  4,  5  from  angle  ;  6  from  just  below  upper  angle  ; 
7,  8,  9,  10  stalked,  7  from  before  9  and  beyond  10  ;  11  from  cell.  Hindwing 
with  veins  3  and  5  stalked,  4  absent ;  the  discocellulars  angled  inwards  to  near 
base  ;    6,  7  stalked. 

*  Athaliptis  cymonia. 

Athaliptis  cymonia  Sehaus,  .4.  M.  N.  H.  (8).  xi.  p.  252  (1913). 
Costa  Rica' 

Gen.  Epimorius. 

Type. 
Epimorius  ZeW.,  Hor.  Soc.  Ent.  Ross.  ■s.ni.  1^.  16  (ISn).        ......        suffusa 

Proboscis  slight  ;  palpi  of  male  short,  upturned,  thickly  scaled,  of  female 
downcurved  and  extending  typically  about  twice  the  length  of  head ;  maxUlary 
palpi  minute ;  frons  vsdth  tuft  of  hair ;  antennae  of  male  typically  serrate. 
Forewing  with  the  costa  arched,  the  apex  rounded,  the  termen  obliquely 
curved  ;  vein  3  from  close  to  angle  of  cell  ;  4,  5  typically  shortly  stalked  ;  the 
discocellulars  strongly  angled  inwards  ;  6  from  just  bek  w  upper  angle  ;  7,  8,  9, 
10  stalked,  9  from  beyond  7;  11  from  cell.  Hindwing  typically  with  vein  2 
from  close  to  angle  of  cell ;  3,  4,  5  stalked  ;  the  discocellulars  angled  inwards  to 
near  base ;  6,  7  stalked,  7  anastomosing  with  8. 

Sect.  I.  Palpi  of  female  extending  about  three  times  length  of  head  ; 
antennae  of  male  serrate  ;  forewing  with  veins  4,  5  shortly  stalked,  the  dis- 
cocellulars strongly  angled  inwards  ;  hindwing  with  veins  3,  4,  5  stalked  and 
the  discocellulars  angled  inwards  to  near  base. 

(1)  Epimorius  suffusa. 

Epimorius  suffusus  Zell.,  Hor.  Ent.  Sac.  Ross.  xiii.  p.  76.  pi.  ii.  i.  28  (1877) ;   Rag.,  Rom.  Mem.  viii. 
p.  430.  pi.  46.  f.  3. 
Costa  Rica  ;  S.  Brazil. 

(2)  *  Epimorius  testaceella. 

Epimorius  testaceellus  Rag.,  N.  Am.  Phyc.  p.  20  (1887)  ;  id.,  Rom.  Mem.  viii.  p.  430.  pi.  45.  f.  22. 
Jamaica. 

(3)  f  Epimorius  epipaschiella  n.  sp. 

(J.  Head  and   thorax  pale    rufous   tinged  with  grey   and    irrorated   with 

blackish,  the  palpi  with  more  black  ;  abdomen  white  faintly  tinged  with  brown  ; 

tarsi  blackish  with  pale  rings.     Forewing  grey  tinged  with  rufous  and  irrorated 

with  blackish  ;   the  basal  area  suffused  and  irrorated  with  black  to  just  before 


46  NOVITATES    ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV.     1917. 

tlie  medial  line,  which  is  black,  inwardly  oblique  and  incurved  from  subcostal 
nervure  to  just  below  the  cell  ;  the  costal  area  bej'ond  it  whitish  ;  a  small 
rather  oblique  black  discoidal  spot  ;  postraedial  line  black,  diffused  on  inner 
side  and  defined  on  outer  side  by  whitish,  inwardly  oblique,  and  with  its  outer 
edge  minutely  dentate,  a  blackish  shade  beyond  it  ;  the  terminal  area  grey- 
white  with  some  black  at  costa  and  a  terminal  series  of  minute  black  spots. 
Hindwing  white,  faintly  tinged  with  brown  ;  a  slight  dark  termmal  line.  Under- 
side of  forewing  white  tinged  with  fuscous  ;  hindwing  with  the  costa  slightly 
UTorated  with  fuscous. 

Colombia,  Minca  (H.  H.  Smith),  1  <J  type.     Exp.  IG  mill. 

Sect.  II.  Palpi  of  female  extending  about  twice  the  length  of  head ; 
antennae  of  male  ciliated  ;  forewing  with  veins  4,  5  strongly  stalked,  the 
discocellulars  less  strongly  angled  inwards  ;  hindwing  with  vein  3  frcm  near 
angle  of  cell  and  the  discocellulars  not  so  strongly  angled  inwards. 

(4)  tEpimorius  adustalis  n.  sp. 

Head,  thorax,  and  abdomen  grey-brown  with  a  slight  reddish  tinge.  Fore- 
wing grey-brown  with  a  slight  reddish  tinge  and  some  black  irroraticn  ;  a  slight 
discoidal  spot  formed  by  black  scales  ;  traces  of  an  obliquely  curved  postmedial 
black  line  ;  a  terminal  series  of  black  points.  Hindwing  and  underside  grey- 
brown  with  a  slight  reddish  tinge. 

Sierra  Leone  (Clements),  4  cJ,  1  $type  ;  S.  Nigeria,  Lagos  (Sir  G.  Carter),  1  ?, 
Old  Calabar  (Crompton),  1  $;  Sapele  (Sampson),  1  i;  Warri  (Roth.),  1  $.  Exp. 
<J   18-22,  ?  26-30  mill. 

Gen.  Cathayia. 

Type. 
Ca(Ao^ia  Hmpsn.,  7?om.  J/em.  viii.  p.  451  (1901)  .......  obliquella 

Proboscis  slight  ;  palpi  of  male  short,  upturned,  thicklj'  scaled,  of  female 
downcurved  and  extending  about  the  length  of  head  ;  maxOlary  palpi  minute  ; 
frons  with  large  tuft  of  hair  ;  antennae  of  male  rather  short,  the  basal  joint 
somewhat  dilated.  Forewing  triangular,  the  costa  arched,  the  apex  somewhat 
produced  and  rounded,  the  termen  oblique  ;  the  cell  about  two-thirds  length 
of  wing  ;  vein  3  from  well  before  angle  ;  4,  5  separate  in  male,  in  female  stalked 
or  from  a  point ;  6  from  upper  angle  ;  7,  8  stalked  from  10,  9  absent  or  frcm 
beyond  7,  arising  before  the  angle  of  cell  ;  1 1  from  cell ;  the  male  on  underside 
with  a  small  glandular  swelling  at  base  of  costa  with  a  large  tuft  of  black  hair 
from  below  its  extremity,  the  base  of  median  nervure  and  cell  clothed  with  rough 
androconia.  Hindwing  with  vein  3  from  angle  of  cell  ;  4,  5  stalked  ;  the  dis- 
cocellulars angled  inwards  to  near  base  ;  veins  6,  7  stalked,  7  anastomosing 
with  8. 

(1)  Cathayia  obliquella. 

Cathayia  ohliqudla,  Hmpsn.  Rom.  Mem.  viii.  p.  452.  pi.  51.  f.  G  (1901). 
Japan  ;  C.  China. 

(2)  Cathayia  purpureotincta  n.  sp. 
?.  Head  and   thorax  rufous  with  a  few  blackish  scales;  abdomen  paler 
rufous  ;    palpi  with  a  slight  purplish  tinge  ;    pectus,  legs  and  ventral  surface  of 


NOVITATES    ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV.     1917.  47 

abdomen  rufous,  the  last  with  some  blackish  irroration.  Fore\\ing  bright  rufous 
irrorated  with  black  and  slightly  tinged  with  purple,  the  veins  with  slight  pale 
streaks  ;  an  obscure  mark  formed  by  an  aggregation  of  black  scales  in  upper 
angle  of  cell  and  an  oblique  bar  formed  by  black  scales  at  middle  of  submedian 
interspace ;  traces  of  an  oblique  postmedial  line  formed  by  black  scales  from 
vein  5  to  inner  margin  ;  cilia  with  a  fine  pale  line  at  base.  Hindwing  ochreous 
tinged  and  irrorated  with  brown,  the  cilia  with  a  faint  purplish  line  through 
them  from  apex  to  vein  2.  Underside  reddish  ochreous  irrorated  with  dark 
brown  ;  forewing  tinged  with  purplish  red,  the  disk  suffused  with  brown,  a  faint 
curved  blackish  postmedial  line. 

Hab.  Borneo,  Kuching,  1  ?  type.     Exp.  32  mill. 

Gen.  Picrogama. 

Type. 

Picrogama  lleyr.,  Trans.  Ent.  Soc.  1897.  p.  91  .......     cotnplana 

Proboscis  rather  short  ;  palpi  of  male  short,  upturned,  thickly  scaled  ; 
of  female  downcurved  and  extending  about  twice  the  length  of  head  ;  maxillary 
palpi  slight  ;  frcns  with  large  tuft  of  hair  ;  antennae  of  male  almost  simple, 
the  basal  joint  somewhat  dilated.  Forewing  narrow,  the  apex  rectangular,  the 
termen  evenly  curved  ;  the  male  with  the  lower  part  of  cell  produced,  vein  3 
from  well  before  angle,  5  from  above  angle  ;  the  discocellulars  angkd  inward.s 
above  and  with  a  recurrent  vein  from  their  angle  ;  6  from  upper  angle  ;  7,  8,  & 
stalked  from  before  the  angle,  7  typically  from  beyond  9  ;  10,  1 1  from  cell ;  a  small 
glandular  swelling  at  base  of  costa  on  underride  and  the  cell  clothed  with 
androconia  ;  the  female  with  veins  4,  5  from  angle  of  cell,  Ihe  discocellulars 
incurved.  Hindwing  with  vein  3  from  just  before  angle  of  cell ;  4,  5  strongly 
stalked,  the  discocellulars  angled  inwards  to  near  base  ;  6,  7  from  upper  angle, 
7  anastomosing  with  S. 

Sect.  I.  Forewing  with  vein  7  from  8  beyond  9. 
( 1 )  Picrogama  complana. 

ApJiomia  complana  Feld.,  Seis.  Xov.  pi.  137.  i.  6  (1874). 

Picrogama  anticosma  Meyr.,  Trans.  Ent.  Soc.  1897.  p.  92  ;  Hmpsn.,  Bom.  Mini.  viii.  p.  445.  pi.  53. 
ft.  10.  11. 

Celebes,  Sangir  I.;  Amboina ;  Dutch  N.  Guinea;  D'Entrecasteanz  Is., 
Goodenough  I.,  Fergusson  I.  ;    Louisiade  Is.,  St.  Aignan  I. 

Sect.  II.  Forewing  with  vein  7  from  8  before  9. 

(2)  t  Picrogama  albiJascialis  n.  sp. 
o.  Head  and  thorax  whitish  tinged  with  red-brown  ;  abdomen  deep  golden 
yellow.  Forewing  whitish  tinged  with  brown  and  irrorated  with  dark  brown, 
a  purplish  red  tinge  in  lower  part  of  cell  and  below  vein  6  to  termen  ;  the  veins 
of  costal  area  v/ith  chocolate-brown  streaks  and  two  slight  purple-brown  streaks 
in  the  cell  ;  a  white  fascia  from  base  through  the  upper  part  of  cell  to  apex 
broken  up  by  the  dark  streaks  on  the  veins  ;  small  elongate  elliptical  purple- 
brown  spots  in  upper  part  of  cell  ;  an  aggregate  of  dark  scales  at  origin  of  vein 
2 ;  an  obliquely  curved  postmedial  shade  formed  by  aggregations  of  dark  scales 


48  NOVITATES    ZOOLOOICAE    XXIV.     11)17. 

in  the  interspaces  from  below  the  white  fascia  to  above  inner  margin  ;  a  terminal 
series  of  sUght  black  lunules.     Hind  wing  deep  golden  yellow  ;    the  cilia  with  a 
brown  line  at  middle  and  white  tips.     Underside  deep  golden  yellow,  the  terminal 
area  of  forewing  and  apex  of  hindwing  greyish  tinged  with  purple-red. 
Br.  If.  Guinea,  Milne  Bay  (Meek),  1  <J  type.     Exp.  46  mill. 

(3)  Picrogama  nigrisparsalis. 

t  Lamoria  nigrisparialie  Hmpsn.,  J.  Bomb.  Nat.  Hisl.  Soc.  xiv.  p.  658  (1903). 
Ceylon. 

Gen.  Prosthenia. 

Type. 
Prosthenia  Hmpsn.,  Rom.  Mem.  via.  11.  iSO  (IW)1)  .....  psittacolella 

Proboscis  small  ;  palpi  of  male  short,  upturned,  thickly  scaled,  of  female 
with  the  second  joint  obliquely  upturned  to  about  vertex  of  head  and  bent 
forward  at  extremity,  the  third  porrect ;  maxillary  palpi  shght ;  frons  with  large 
tuft  of  hair  ;  antennae  of  male  almost  simple,  the  basal  joint  with  tuft  of  scales 
below.  Forewing  very  narrow,  the  apex  rounded,  the  termen  very  short  ;  the 
male  with  veins  2,  3,  4,  5  given  off  at  even  distances,  the  cell  being  strongly 
produced  to  a  point  at  vein  5  ;  6  from  upper  angle  ;  7,  8,  9  stalked.  7  from  beyond 
9  ;  10,  11  from  cell  ;  a  large  costal  fold  on  basal  third  of  costa  on  underside 
T\ith  thick  fringe  of  hair  below  and  the  cell  clothed  with  andrcconia  ;  the  female 
wth  vein  3  from  well  before  angle  of  cell,  veins  4,  5  from  angle,  the  discocellulars 
angled.  Hindwing  with  vein  3  shortly  stalked  with  4,  .5  ;  the  discocellulars 
angled  inwards  to  near  base  ;    6,  7  stalked,  7  anastomosing  with  8. 

(1)  Prosthenia  psittacolella. 

t  Prosthenia  psittacolella  Hmpsn.,  Rom.  Mem.  viii.  p.  450.  pi.  54.  f.  11  (1901). 
Hornigia  sauberi  Semp.,  Reis.  Phil.  Schmett.  ii.  p.  644.  pi.  66.  f.  1  (1902). 

Singapore  ;  Borneo  ;  Philippines. 

(2)  t  Prosthenia  xyloryctella,  n.  sp. 

?.  Head,  thorax  and  abdomen  whitish  tinged  with  brown  ;  antennae 
brown  ringed  with  white  ;  tarsi  dark  brown  ringed  with  white.  Forewing 
whitish  tinged  with  purplish  brown  and  irrorated  with  dark  brown  ;  antemedial 
line  dark  brown  defined  on  inner  side  by  whitish,  oblique,  sinuous  ;  two  black- 
brown  points  in  the  cell  towards  extremity  ;  an  oblique  purple-brown  discoidal 
lunule  defined  except  on  outer  side  by  deep  chocolate-brown  and  with  a  small 
chocolate-brown  spot  at  its  lower  extremity  ;  postmedial  line  dark  brown, 
curved,  dentate,  defined  on  outer  side  by  whitish  with  a  diffused  dentate  brown 
shade  beyond  it  except  on  costal  area  ;  the  costa  towards  apex  with  white 
points  with  short  black  streaks  between  them  and  the  costal  area  whitish  ;  a 
terminal  series  of  black  striae,  forming  a  rather  triangular  spot  below  apex  ; 
cilia  whitish  with  sUght  brown  line  near  base  and  stronger  hue  near  tips.  Hind- 
wing whitish  tinged  with  brown  ;  a  dark  terminal  line  and  faint  line  near  base 
of  ciha  from  apex  to  submedian  fold.  Underside  whitish  tinged  with  brown  ; 
forewing  with  the  markings  less  distinct  ;  hindwing  with  curved  brown  post- 
medial  line  from  costa  to  vein  2. 

Queensland,  Toowong  (Dodd),  1  ?  type.     Exp.  40  mill. 


NOVITATES    ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV.     1917.  49 

The  specimen  is  labelled  "  found  in  xylo-stick,  supposed  to  be  parasitic 
on  the  pupae  of  Xi/loryctidae."  This  and  the  other  species  of  the  genus  are 
probably  not  parasitic  but  feed  on  the  faeces  and  rubbish  in  the  one  case  in 
the  nest  of  the  parrots,  in  the  other  in  the  borings  of  the  Xyloryctidae. 

Gen.  Acara. 

Type. 

Acara  Wlk.,  xxvii.  198  (1863) morosella 

Ertzica  Wlk.,  xxxv.  1768  (1866) morosella 

Proboscis  short ;  palpi  of  male  short,  upturned,  fringed  in  front  with  long 
hair,  of  female  obliquely  downcurved,  extending  about  twice  the  length  of  head 
and  fringed  below  with  long  hair  ;  maxillary  palpi  minute  ;  frons  with  large 
tuft  of  hair  ;  antennae  of  male  almost  simple,  the  basal  joint  with  a  tuft  of  scales 
below.  Forewing  with  the  costa  slightly  arched,  the  apex  produced  and  acute, 
the  termen  evenly  curved  ;  the  male  with  the  cell  about  two-thirds  length  of 
wing  ;  veins  2,  3,  4,  5  given  off  at  even  distances  ;  the  discocellulars  angled 
inwards  above  ;  vein  6  from  upper  angle  ;  7,  8,  9  stalked  from  angle,  7  from 
beyond  9  ;  10,  11  from  cell  ;  a  large  glandular  fold  on  basal  half  of  costa  on 
underside,  fringed  with  hair  at  extremity  ;  female  with  the  cell  shorter,  vein 
3  from  near  angle  of  cell,  5  from  just  above  angle,  the  discocellulars  angled 
inwards  at  middle.  Hindwing  with  the  apex  produced  and  acute,  the  termen 
excised  below  apex  ;  vein  3  from  just  before  angle  of  cell  ;  4,  5  shortly  stalked  ; 
the  discocellulars  angled  inwards  to  near  base  ;  6,  7  stalked,  7  not  anastomosing 
with  8. 

Acara  morosella. 

t  Acara  morosella  Wlk.,  xxvii.  199  (1863) ;  Hmpsn.,  Moths  Ind.  iv.  p.  8;  Rag.,  Mom.  Mem.  viii. 

p.  446.  pi.  46.  f.  10. 
t  Ertzica  maximella  Wlk.,  xxxv.  1768  (1866). 

Galleria  macroptera  Snell.,  Tijd.  v.  Enl.  xxiii.  p.  249  (1879) ;  id.,  idem,  xxvii.  p.  53.  pi.  v.  i.  11. 
Acara  impunctdla  Sauber,  Semp.  lit:cs.  Phil.  Schmett.  ii.  p.  645.  pi.  66.  f.  2  (1902). 
Assam  ;  Ceylon  ;   FhiUppines  ;  Java  ;  Celebes. 

Auctorum. 
Acara  psolopasta  Turner,  Pr.  R.  Soc.  Queensl.  xxiv.  p.  131  (1913)  1  Eucallionyma.       Queensland 

Gen.  Schistotbeca. 

Type. 
Schistotheca  Rag.,  Bull.  Soc.  Era.  Fr.  (6).  ii.  p.  clxxv.  (1882)  .  .  .  .     canescens 

Proboscis  slight ;  palpi  of  male  short,  upturned,  thickly  scaled,  of  female 
downcurved  and  extending  about  three  times  length  of  head  ;  frons  smooth, 
with  large  tuft  of  hair  ;  antennae  of  male  almost  simple.  Forewing  with  the 
costa  arched,  the  apex  rectangular,  the  termen  evenly  curved  ;  the  male  with 
vein  3  from  long  before  angle  of  cell  ;  5  from  just  above  angle  ;  the  discocellulars 
highly  angled  inwards  ;  vein  6  from  below  upper  angle  ;  7,  8,  9  stalked,  7  from 
before  9  ;  10,  11  from  cell  ;  a  large  fold  on  basal  half  of  costa  on  underside 
containing  masses  of  flocculent  hair ;  the  female  with  veins  4,  5  from  a  point. 
Hindwing  with  vein  3  from  close  to  angle  of  cell  ;  4,  5  stalked  ;  the  discocellulars 
angled  inwards  to  near  base  ;   6,  7  from  upper  angle,  7  not  anastomosing  with  8. 

4 


50  NOVITATES    ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV.     1917. 

(1)  Schistotheca  canescens. 

t  Schistotheca  canescens  Rag.,  Bull.  Soc.  Ent.  Fr.  (0).  ii.  p.  clxn-.  (1882) ;  id.,  Rom.  Mem.  viii.  p.  429. 
pi.  45.  f.  15. 
Chili. 

(2)  Schistotheca  gigantella. 

Crambtts  gigantella  Druce,  A.  M.  N.  H.  (8).  viii.  p.  720  (1911). 
Peru. 

Gen.  Lamoria. 

Type. 

iomorw  Wlk..  xxTii.  87  (18G3) adaptella 

Maraclea  Wlk.,  xxvii.  88  (1863) inostentalis 

Tugela  Rag.,  Nouv.  Gen.  p.  51  (1888) clathrella 

Proboscis  minute  ;  palpi  of  male  sliort,  upturned,  tliickly  scaled,  of  female 
porrect,  extending  about  twice  the  length  of  head  and  fringed  with  hair  below  ; 
maxillary  palpi  minute  ;  frons  with  large  tuft  of  hair  ;  antennae  of  male  almost 
simple,  the  basal  joint  rather  dilated.  Forewing  narrow,  the  costa  arched, 
the  apex  rounded  ;  vein  3  from  close  to  angle  of  cell  :  4.  5  staUced,  from  a  point, 
or  separate  ;  the  discocellulars  curved  ;  6  from  just  below  upper  angle,  from 
angle,  or  shortly  stalked  with  7,  8,  9,  7  from  before  9  ;  10,11  from  cell ;  the 
male  with  glandular  sweUing  at  base  of  costa  on  underside.  Hindwing  with 
vein  2  from  near  angle  of  cell  ;  3,  4,  5  stalked  ;  the  discocellulars  angled  inwards 
to  near  base  ;    6,  7  stalked.  7  anastomosing  with  8. 

Sect.  I.  Forewing  with  veins  4,  5  separate. 

A.  Hindwing  of  male  on  upperside  clothed  with  golden  brown  androconia 
except  on  terminal  area  and  on  underside  along  the  median  nervure  and  veins 
4  to  2. 

(1)  Lamoria  pachylepidella. 

Lamoria  ■par.liylepidella  Hmp.sn.,  Bom.  Mhn.  viii.  p.  441.  pi.  53.  f.  3  (1901). 
Queensland. 

B.  (Blaraclea).  Hindwing   of   male   normal. 

(i)  Lamoria  oenachroa. 

Lamoria  oenachroa  Turner,  Pr.  R.  Soc.  Queensl.  xix.  p.  55  (1905). 
Queensland  ;  W.  Australia. 

(3)  Lamoria  inostentalis. 

t  Maraclea  inostentali.'i  Wlk..  xxvii.  88  (1803);    Hmpan..  Rom.  Mhn.  viii.  p.  436.  pi.  53.  f.  2. 

Japan ;  Formosa ;  C.  and  W.  China ;  Borneo ;  D'Entrecasteaux  Is.,  Fergus- 
son  I.     The  hindwing  often  has  vein  4  absent. 

(4)  t  Lamoria  medianalis  n.  sp. 
cJ.  Head  and  thorax  pale  purphsh  grey  mixed  with  blackish  ;  abdomen 
ochreous  white,  tinged  with  rufous  at  base  ;  legs  grey  tinged  with  brown  ;  ventral 
surface  of  abdomen  whitish  irrorated  with  brown.  Forewing  pale  purplish  grey 
irrorated  with  blackish,  with  a  dark  shade  along  median  nei-vure  and  whiter  sliades 
in  the  cell  and  submedian  interspace  ;    a  small  obscure  discoidal  spot  tinged 


NOVITATKS    ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV.     1917.  51 

with  rufous  ;   a  faint  slightly  dentate  brown  postmedial  line,  oblique  to  vein  4, 
then  inwardly  oblique  ;  a  terminal  series  of  blackish  points.     Hindwing  ochreous 
white,  the  terminal  area  tinged  with  brown  except  towards  tornus.     Underside 
of  forewing  grey-brown  ;   hindwing  whitish,  the  costal  area  tinged  with  brown, 
niashonaland  (Debbie),   1    3  type.     E.rp.  34  mill. 

Sect.  II.  (Lamoria).  Forewing  with  veins  4,  5  from  a  point  or  stalked. 

(5)  Lamoria  anella. 

Tinea  anella  Scliiff.,  Wien  Vera.  p.  135  (1776)  ;  Dup.,  Lep.  Fr.  x.  p.  261.  pi.  282.  f.  7  ;  Herr.  Schaff, 

Schmett.  Eur.  If.  p.  113.  f.  1.51  ;   Rag.,  Rom.  Mem.  viii.  p.  438  ;  Staud.,  Cat.  Lep.  pal.  ii.  p.  2. 
Tinea  sodella  Hiibn.,  Eur.  Schmett.  Tin.  I.  24  (nee  Linu). 
Melia  bipunctami  Curt..  Brit.  Ent.  v.  p.  201  (1830). 

S.  Centr.  and  S.  Europe  ;  Egypt. 

(6)  Lamoria  melanophlebia. 

Lamoria  melanophlebia  Rag.,  Nouv.  Gen.  p.  51  (1888) ;   id.,  Rom.  Mem.  viii.  p.  435.  pi.  46.  f.  6  ; 
Staud.,  Cat.  Lep.  pal.  ii.  p.  2. 
Bnssia,  Caucasus  ;    Syria. 

(7)  Lamoria  ruficostella. 

Lamoria  ruficostella  Rag.,  Nouv.  Gen.  p.  52  (1888) ;  id.,  Rom.  Mem.  viii.  p.  436.  pi.  45.  £.  11 ;  Staud., 
Cat.  Lep.  pal.  ii.  p.  2. 
S.  Russia  ;  Japan  ;  C.  China. 

(8)  *  Lamoria  caffrella. 

Tugela  caffrella  Rag.,  Nouv.  Gen.  p.  51  (1888) ;   id.,  Rom.  Mem.  viii.  p.  442.  pi.  46.  £.  6. 
ITatal. 

(9)  Lamoria  jordanis. 

Lim.oria  jordanis  Rag.,  Rom.  Mem.  viii.  p.  435.  pi.  46.  f.  5  (1901)  ;   Staud.,  Cat.  Lep.  pal.  ii.  p.  2. 

Tunis;    Egypt;    Cyprus;    Syria;    Palestine;  Persian   Gulf;    Punjab;  Bind; 
Ceylon. 

(10)  Lamoria  imbella. 

t  Acrobasis  imbella  Wlk.,  xxx.  955  (1864)  ;   Rag.,  Rom.  Mem.  viii.  p.  437.  pi.  45.  f.  12. 
Melissoblaptes  obscurellus  Saalm..  Ber.  Senck.  Ges.  1880.  p.  308  ;    id.,  Lep.  Madaij,  p.  511. 

N.  ITigeria  ;  Br.  E.  Africa  ;  Br.  C.  Afirica  ;  Mashonaland  ;  Transvaal ;  Katal ; 
C.  Colony  ;  Madagascar. 

(11)  Lamoria  clathrella. 

Tvgela  clathrella  Rag..  Nouv.  Gen.  p.  51  (1888)  ;   id.,  Rom.  Mem.  viii.  p.  442.  pi.  46.  ii  1. 
Uadagascar. 

(12)  Lamoria  adaptella. 

Pempelia  adaptella  Wlk.,  xxvii.  74  (18.33) ;   Rag..  Rom..  Mem.  viii.  p.  434.  pi.  35.  f,  21. 

Limoria  planalis  Wlk.,  xxvii.  88  (1853). 

Crambus  joedellus  Wlk.,  xxxv.  1757  (1866). 

Lamoria  jusconervella  Rag.,  Nouv.  Gen.  p.  51  (1888)  ;    id.,   Rom.   Mem.   viii.   p.  437.  pi.  45.   f.    13. 

Melissoblaptes  bipunctanus  Moore,  Lep.  Ceyl.  iii.  p.  375  (nee  Haw). 

Lamoria  anella  Hmpsn..  Moths  Ind.  iv.  p.  7  (nee  Schiff). 

Formosa  ;  Madras  ;  Ceylon  ;  Singapore  ;  Sumatra  ;  Java  ;  Plores. 


52  NoTiTATES  Zoolog:cae  XXIV.   1917. 

(13)  Lamoria  infumatella. 

t  Lamoria  injumateUa  Hmp.sn.,  >/.  Bomb.  yat.  Hist.  Soc.  xii.  p.  98  (1898) ;  id.,  Eom.  Mem.  viii.  p.  440. 
pi.  53.  £.  5. 
Sikhim  ;  Ceylon. 

(14)  Lamoria  virescens. 

■f  Lamoria  virescens  Hmpsn.,  J.  Bomh.  Xat.  Hist.  Soc.  sii.  p.  97  (1898) ;  id.,  Rom.  Mem.  viii.  p.  440. 
pi.  537.  f.  1. 
Sikhim  ;  Ceylon  ;  Queensland, 

Gen.  Acyperas. 

Type. 
Acyperas  Hmpsn.,  jRom.  Mem.  viii.  p.  427  (1901)         ......        aurantiacella 

Proboscis  minute  ;  palpi  in  both  sexes  downcurved,  extending  about  twice 
the  length  of  head  and  moderately  fringed  with  hair  below  ;  maxillary  palpi 
fihform  ;  frons  with  large  tuft  of  hair  ;  antennae  of  male  short,  almost  simple, 
the  basal  joint  dilated,  hollowed  out  on  outer  side  and  with  tuft  of  hair  in  front. 
Forewing  with  the  costa  arched  to  beyond  middle,  then  oblique  to  apex  which 
is  produced  and  acute,  the  termen  evenly  curved  ;  vein  3  from  long  before 
angle  of  cell ;  4,  5  separate  in  male,  from  a  point  in  female  ;  the  discocellulars 
curved  ;  vein  6  from  upper  angle  ;  7,  8,  9  stalked,  7  from  beyond  9  ;  10,  11 
from  cell ;  the  male  with  large  glandular  .swelling  at  base  of  costa  on  under- 
.side,  fringed  with  oblique  hair  met  by  a  tuft  of  hair  from  median  nervure.  Hind- 
wing  with  the  cell  short  ;  vein  3  from  close  to  angle  of  cell  ;  4,  5  strongly  stalked  ; 
the  discocellulars  acutely  angled  ;    6,  7  stalked,  7  anastomosing  slightly  with  8. 

Acyperas  aurantiacella. 

Acyperas  aurantiacella  Kmpan.,  Rom.  Mem.  viii.  p.  427.  pi.  53.  f.  15  (1901). 
IT.  Guinea  ;  B'Entrecasteaux  Is. 

Gen.  Omphalophora. 

Type. 
OmpJialophora  Hmpsn.,  Rom.  Mem.  viii.  p.  427  (1901) rvhreUa 

Proboscis  minute ;  palpi  in  both  sexes  downcurved,  extending  about 
the  length  of  head  and  clothed  with  long  hair  below  ;  maxillary  palpi  dilated 
with  scales  ;  frons  with  large  tuft  of  hair  ;  antennae  short,  almost  simple,  the 
basal  joint  dilated,  hollowed  out  on  outer  side  and  with  tuft  of  hair  in  front. 
Forewing  with  the  costa  arched,  the  apex  produced  and  acute  ;  vein  3  from  before 
angle  of  cell  ;  4,  5  from  angle  ;  the  discocellulars  slightly  curved  ;  vein  6  from 
upper  angle  ;  7,  8,  9,  10  stalked  in  male,  7  from  before  9,  in  female  vein  10  from 
the  cell  ;  1 1  from  cell  ;  the  male  with  large  glandular  swelling  at  base  of  costa 
on  underside  fringed  ^\iih  oblique  hair  met  by  a  tuft  of  long  hair  from  median 
nervure.  Hindwing  with  the  cell  short ;  vein  3  from  angle  ;  4,  5  shortly  stalked  ; 
the  discocellulars  angled  ;    6,  7  stalked,  7  anastomosing  slightly  with  8. 

*  Omphalophora  rubrella. 

Omphalophora  rubrella  Hmpsn.,  Rom.  Mim.  viii.  p.  428.  pi.  53.  f.  13  (1901). 
Acara  dohrni  Hering,  SleU.  ent.  Zcit.  Ixiv.  p.  87.  pi.  1.  f.  34  (1903). 
Sumatra ;  Java. 


NOVITATES    ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV.    1917.  53 

Gen.  Galleria. 

Type. 

Galleria  Fnhr.,  Ent.  Syst.  Snppl.  p.  iG2(nQS) •    .         .  mellondla 

Ceriodepia  Sodof.,  Bull.  Nat.  Mosc.  x.  6.  p.  20  (1837).  ......  mellonella 

I'indanm  Wlk.,  x.xxv.  170G  (1866) mdloneUa 

Proboscis  slight  ;  palpi  of  male  short,  obliquely  upturned,  thickly  scaled, 
of  female  downcurved  and  extending  about  the  length  of  head  ;  maxillary  palpi 
dilated  with  scales  ;  frons  with  large  tuft  of  hair  ;  antennae  of  male  almost 
simple,  the  basal  joint  somewhat  dilated  and  with  a  tuft  of  scales  below.  Fore- 
wing  with  the  costa  slightly  arched,  the  apex  rounded,  the  termen  excised  to 
vein  2,  strongly  in  male,  the  tornus  obliquely  excised  ;  the  male  with  the  cell 
about  three-fourths  length  of  wing  ;  veins  2,  3,  4,  5  given  off  at  even  distances  ; 
the  discocellulars  slightly  angled  inwards  ;  vein  6  from  upper  angle  ;  7,  8.  9 
stalked  from  before  angle,  7  from  beyond  9;  10,  11  from  cell ;  a  small  glandular 
swelling  at  base  of  costa  on  underside  and  the  cell  clothed  with  androconia  ; 
the  female  with  the  cell  about  two-thirds  length  of  wing  and  veins  4,  5  from 
angle.  Hindwing  with  vein  3  from  close  to  angle  of  cell  ;  4,  5  stalked  ;  the 
discocellulars  angled  inwards  to  about  one-fourth  from  base  ;  6,  7  stalked,  7 
anastomosing  with  8. 

Galleria  mellonella. 

Tinea  mellonella  Linn.,  Syst.  Nat.  edit.  x.  p.  537  (1758) ;   Curt.,  Brit.  Ent.  xlii.  p.  587  ;  Hmpsn., 

Moths  Ind.  iv.  p.  9  ;   Rag.,  Rom.  Mem.  viii.  p.  448  ;  Stand.,  Cat.  Lep.  pal.  ii.  p.  2. 
Tinea  cereana  Linn.,  Syst.  Nat.  edit.  xii.  p.  874  (1767). 
Tinea  cerella  Fabr.,  Syst.  Ent.  p.  655  (1775). 
Galleria  cerea  Haw.,  Lep.  Brit.  p.  392  (1811). 
Vindana  obliquella  Wlk.,  xxxv.  1706  (1866). 
Galleria  auatrina  Feld.,  Eei.^.  Nor.  pi.  137.  f.  7  (1874). 

Almost  universally  distributed. 

Gen.  Galleiisthenia  nov. 
Type,  G.  mellonididla. 

Proboscis  fully  developed  ;  palpi  of  male  porrect,  extending  about  twice 
the  length  of  head  and  thickly  scaled  above  and  below  ;  maxillary  palpi  trian- 
gularly scaled  ;  frons  oblique  ;  antennae  short,  simple.  Forewing  with  veins 
3  and  5  from  close  to  angle  of  cell  ;  6  from  below  upper  angle  ;  7  from  angle  ; 
8,  9  stalked  ;  10,  11  from  cell  ;  the  wing  narrow,  the  termen  erect  from  apex  to 
vein  3  where  it  is  strongly  hooked  then  very  oblique.  Hindwing  with  vein 
3  from  near  angle  of  cell  ;  4,  5  from  angle  which  is  greatly  produced  ;  6,  7  from 
upper  angle ;  8  approximated  to  7  beyond  the  cell ;  the  termen  slightly 
excurved  at  middle. 

*  Galleristhenia  mellonidiella  n.  sp. 

(?.  Head  and  thorax  pale  red-brown  ;  abdomen  brownish  white.  Forewing 
pale  red-brown  suffused  with  grey  and  irrorated  with  a  few  dark  scales  ;  a  post- 
medial  line  obsolescent  towards  costa,  angled  at  vein  5,  then  very  oblique  and 
formed  of  dark  red-brown  spots  ;  cilia  dark  red-brown,  whitish  at  tips  below 
the  hook.  Hindwing  semihyaline  white  ;  the  costal  area,  termen,  and  base  of 
cilia  brown. 

Queensland,  Dawson  district  (Barnard),  1  ^  type  in  coll.  Rothschild.  Exp. 
46  mill. 


54  XOVITATES    ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV.    1917, 

Gen.  Paraphycita. 

Type. 
Paraphycita  Hmpsn.,  Bom.  Mem.  viii.  p.  451  (1901)     ......        efiperccidla 

Proboscis  fully  developed  ;  palpi  of  female  upturned,  the  second  joint 
reaching  to  vertex  of  head  and  rather  broadlj'  scaled  in  front,  the  third  long, 
roughly  scaled  in  front  ;  niaxUlary  palpi  long  and  filiform  ;  frons  smorth,  the 
vertex  of  head  with  tufts  of  scales  ;  antennae  of  female  almost  simple,  the  basal 
joint  rather  long.  Forewing  long  and  narrow,  the  apex  rounded,  the  termen 
erect ;  the  cell  about  two-thirds  length  of  i^ing  ;  vein  3  from  angle  ;  4,  5  stalked  ; 
6  from  upper  angle  ;  7,  8,  9, 10  stalked,  7  from  beyond  9  ;  11  from  cell.  Hindwing 
with  vein  2  from  close  to  angle  of  cell  ;  veins  3,  4,  5  stalked  ;  the  discccellulars 
curved  ;  veins  6,  7  from  upper  angle,  7  anastomosing  with  8. 

Paraphycita  epipercciella. 

Paraphycita  epiperchidla  Hmpsn.,  Bom.  Mem.  viii.  p.  451.  pi.  53.  f.  9  (1901). 
Timor,  Dili  I.,  Oinainissa  I. 

Gex.  Megarthria. 

Type. 
Megarthria  Hmpsn.,  J.  Bomb.  Nat.  Hist.  Soi-.  xii.  p.  304  (1899) velutinella 

Proboscis  short  ;  palpi  with  the  second  joint  porrect,  extending  about  twice 
the  length  of  head  and  moderately  fringed  with  hair  above  and  below,  the  third 
short,  oblique,  roughly  scaled  ;  maxillary  palpi  filiform  ;  frons  smooth  with 
slight  ridge  of  hair  above  ;  antennae  of  male  ciliated,  the  basal  joint  very  long 
and  curved.  Fore^ving  with  the  costa  slightly  arched,  the  apex  rounded,  the 
termen  evenly  curved  ;  veins  3  and  5  from  near  angle  of  cell ;  the  discccellulars 
curved  ;  6  from  upper  angle  ;  7,  8,  9  stalked,  7  from  before  9;  10,  11  from 
cell  ;  the  male  with  glandular  swelling  at  base  of  costa  on  underside  fringed 
with  hair  met  by  an  oblique  fringe  from  median  nei-vure.  Hindwing  with  the 
cell  rather  short ;  veins  3,  4,  5  from  angle  ;  the  discocellulars  angled  ;  veins 
6,  7  shortly  stalked,  7  slightly  anastomosing  with  8. 

Megarthria  velutinella. 

Embryoglossa  variegata  Warr.,  A.  M.  2\.  H.  (G).  xviii.  p.  226  (1S9G)  q,  nee  ?. 
Megarthria  velutinella  Hmpsn.,  J.  Bomb.  Nat.  Hist.  Soc.  xii.  p.  304  (1899) ;   id.,  Rotn.  Mem.  vii, 
p.  426.  pi.  53.  f.  12. 
Sikhim ;  Assam. 

Gen.  Embryoglossa. 

Type. 
Embryoglossa'Wa.TT.,  A.  M.N.  H.  (6).  xviii.  p.  225  (ISQG) variegata 

Proboscis  small ;  palpi  porrect,  the  second  joint  extending  about  twice  the 
length  of  head  and  fringed  with  hair  above  and  below,  the  third  rather  long  and 
smoothly  scaled  ;  maxillary  palpi  filiform  ;  frons  smooth,  with  ridge  of  hair 
above  ;  antennae  of  male  minutely  serrate  and  with  long  fasciculate  cilia,  the 
basal  joint  with  large  tuft  of  hair  in  front,  of  female  with  shorter  cilia  ;  the  back 
of  head  with  tufts  of  hair.  Forewing  with  the  costa  slightly  arched,  the  apex 
rounded,  the  termen  evenly  curved  ;  veins  3  and  5  from  near  angle  of  cell  ;  the 
discocellulars  curved  ;  6  from  upper  angle  ;  7.  8,  9  .stalked  ;  10,  11  from  cell, 
Hindwing  with  vein  3  from  near  angle  of  cell  ;  4,  5  from  angle  ;  the  discocellulaiR 
curved  ;    G,  7  shortly  stalked.  7  not  anastomosing  with  8. 


NOTITATES    ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV.     1917.  55 

(1)  Embryoglossa  variegata. 

Embryoglossa  variegata  Wan.,  ^4.  M.  X.  H.  (6).  xviii.  p.  226  (1896) ;    Hmpsn.,  Rom.  Mem.  viii. 
p.  424.  pi.  53.  f.  8. 
Assam. 

(2)  Embryoglossa  bipuncta. 

Embryoglossa  bipuncta  Hmpsn.,  J.  Bomb.  Nat.  Hist.  Soc.  xiv.  p.  658  (1901). 

Assam.  ' 

Gex.  Sphinctocera. 

Type. 
tSphinctocera  Wa,n:,  Nov.  Zool.  iv.  p.  128(1897).  ......      crassisquama 

Proboscis  rather  short ;  palpi  downcurved,  extending  about  three  times 
length  of  head  and  fringed  with  hair  below  ;  maxillary  palpi  filiform  ;  frons 
with  large  tuft  of  hair  ;  antennae  of  male  laminate  with  a  small  tooth  above 
at  one-fifth  length,  the  basal  joint  long.  Forewing  with  the  costa  slightly  excised 
beyond  middle,  the  apex  rounded,  the  termen  evenly  curved  ;  vein  3  from  before 
angle  of  cell ;  4,  5  from  angle  ;  the  discocellulars  curved  ;  6  from  upper  angle 
or  stalked  with  7,  8,  9  ;  7  from  before  9  ;  10,  11  from  cell.  Hindwing  with  vein 
3  from  close  to  angle  of  cell ;  4,  5  from  angle  or  shortly  stalked  ;  the  discocellulars 
curved  ;   veins  6,  7  shortly  stalked,  7  slightly  anastomosing  with  8  or  free. 


Sphinctocera  crassisquama. 

Sphinctocera  crassisquama  Warr.,  Nov.  Zool.  iv.  p.  128  (1897) ;   Hmpsn.,  Rom.  Mem.  viii.  p.  425. 
pi.  53.  t  16. 
Transvaal ;  Natal ;  Cape  Colony. 

Gen.  Archigalleria. 

Type. 
Archigalleria  Eebel,  Verh.  zool.-bot.  Ges.  Wien,  lii.  p.  570  (1902)  ....    proavitella 

Proboscis  rather  short ;  palpi  of  male  short,  upturned,  thickly  scaled,  of 
female  downcurved,  extending  about  three  times  length  of  head  and  smoothly 
scaled  ;  maxillary  palpi  dilated  with  scales  ;  frons  with  conical  prominence 
produced  to  a  slight  corneous  point  at  extremity  ;  antennae  of  male  almost 
simple,  the  basal  joint  somewhat  dilated.  Forewing  with  the  costa  moderately 
arched,  the  apex  rounded,  the  termen  evenly  curved  ;  the  cell  in  both  sexes 
about  two-thirds  length  of  wing  ;  vein  3  from  well  before  angle  ;  4,  5  from 
angle  ;  6  from  upper  angle  ;  7,  8  stalked,  9  absent  ;  10,  11  from  cell,  10  approxi- 
mated to  7,  8  at  base  ;  the  male  with  slight  glandular  swelling  at  base  of  costa 
on  underside.  Hindwing  with  vein  3  from  close  to  angle  of  cell  ;  4,  5  closely 
approximated  for  about  half  their  length  ;  the  discocellulars  moderately  angled 
inwards  ;    6,  7  shortly  stalked,  7  not  anastomosing  with  8. 


Archigalleria  proavitella. 

Aphomia  proavitella  Rebel,  Ann.  Hojmus.  iricn,  vil.  p.  262  (1892) ;  Staud.,  Cat.  Lep.  pal.  ii.  p.  2. 
Canary  Is. 


5g  NOVITATES    ZOOLOOICAE    XXIV.     1917. 

Gen.  Morpheis. 

Type. 

Morpheis  Hiibn.,  Vers.  p.  196  (1S27).  preocc.  Bot.  nee  Zool smeritUha 

Mydobia  Herr.  Schiiff,  Ansser.  eur.  Schmell.  pp.  79.  75  (1858) smerintha 

Proboscis  fully  developed  ;  palpi  in  both  sexes  obliquely  upturned,  extending 
to  the  extremity  of  the  frontal  prominence  and  thickly  .scaled  ;  maxillary  palpi 
two-jointed,  as  long  as  the  labial  palpi  and  thickly  scaled  ;  frons  with  large 
conical  prominence  ending  in  a  small  corneous  beak  ;  antennae  of  male  typically 
bipectinate  with  .short  branches  to  one-third  length,  then  mmutely  serrate,  of 
female  with  very  short  branches  on  basal  third ;  tibiae  rather  strongly  frmged 
with  hair.  Forewing  long  and  narrow,  the  costa  highly  archfd  towards  apex 
which  is  produced  and  somewhat  falcate,  the  termen  obliquely  curved,  the  inner 
margin  rather  lobed  towards  base  ;  vem  3  from  well  before  angle  of  cell ;  5 
from  just  above  angle  ;  the  discocellulars  angled  ;  6  from  below  upper  angle  ; 
7  from  angle  ;  8,  9  stalked  ;  10,  11  from  cell  ;  veins  9  to  12  becoming  coincident 
below  the  costa  ;  the  cell  on  underside  clothed  with  rough  downturned  hair. 
Hindwing  with  the  termen  excised  above  tornus  ;  vein  3  from  near  angle  of 
cell  ;  4,  5  shortly  stalked  or  from  angle  ;  the  discocellulars  angled  ;  6,  7  from 
upper  angle,   7  free  or  slightly  anastomosing  with   8. 

Sect.  I.  Antennae  in  both  sexes  bipectinate  with  short  branches  towards 
base. 

(1)  *  Morpheis  piistulata. 

Morpheis  pustulata  Herr.  Schaff,  Ausser.  eur.  Schmell.  p.  75.  f.  152  (1858).  J  ;   Hmpan.,  Rom.  Mem. 

viii.  p.  423. 
Morpheis  murina  Herr.  Schaff,  Ausser.  eur.  Schmett.  p.  75.  f.  153  (1858),  $. 

Brazil. 

(2)  Morpheis  smerintha. 

Morpheis  smerintha  Hiibn.,  Samml.  exot.  Schmett.  ii.  pi.  195.  ff.  3.  4  (1821)  ;   Hmpsn.,  Bom.  Mem. 
vUi.  p.  423.  pi.  54.  t.  16. 

Mexico,  Yucatan  ;  Brazil  (some  specimens  taken  at  sea  130  to  500  miles 
from  land),  Rio  Grand  do  Sul. 

(3)  '"  Morpheis  paleacea. 

Morpheis  paleacea  Herr.  Schaff,  Ausser.  eur.  Schmett.  p.  75.  f.  150  (1858)  ;   Hmpsn.,  Bom.  Mim. 
yui.  p.  423. 
Venezuela  ;  Brazil. 

Sect.  II.  Antennae  of  male  minutely  serrate  and  fasciculate  to  base,  of 
female  ciliated. 

(4)  Morpheis  decolorata. 

Morpheis  decolorata  Herr.  Schaff,  Ausser.  eur.  SchmeU.  p.  75.  f.  151  (1858) ;  Hmpsn.,  Bom.  Mim. 
viii.  p.  424.  pi.  54.  f.  5. 
Colombia;  Veneznela;  Brazil. 


NOVITATES    ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV.     1917.  57 

Gen.  Schoenobiodes  nov. 

Type,  S.  striata. 

Proboscis  aborted  and  small ;  palpi  oblique,  rather  roughly  scaled  and 
reaching  to  about  vertex  of  head  ;  maxillary  palpi  nearly  filiform  ;  frons  with 
rounded  prominence  ;  antennae  of  female  almost  simple,  with  tuft  of  scales 
on  basal  joint  ;  anal  tuft  rather  large.  Forewing  narrow,  the  costa  arched,  the 
apex  produced  and  acute,  the  termen  obliquely  curved  ;  the  cell  about  two- 
thirds  length  of  wing  ;  vein  3  from  well  before  angle  ;  4.  5  from  angle  ;  the  dis- 
cocellulars  angkd  ;  6,  7  strongly  stalked  from  below  upper  angle  ;  8,  9,  10  stalked  ; 
11  from  cell.  Hindwing  with  vein  3  from  before  angle  of  cell  ;  4,  5  from  angle  ; 
the  discocellulars  angled  ;   6,  7  from  upper  angle.  7  strongly  anastomosing  with  8. 

Schoenobiodes  striata. 

Acara  striata  Sc\m\iz,  Phil.  Journ.  Sci.  ii.  p.  308.  pi.  1.  f.  11  (1907). 
Philippines,  Manila. 


Gen.  Balaenifrons. 

Type. 
Balaenifrons  Hmpsn.,  Moths  Ind.  iv.  p.  9  (1896)  ......      homopteridia 

Proboscis  short  arising  with  the  filiform  two-jointed  maxillary  palpi  from 
the  enormous  conical  smoothly  scaled  frontal  prominence,  which  is  grooved 
below,  well  in  front  of  the  labial  palpi  which  are  upturned  in  front  of  the 
prominence  and  smoothly  scaled  ;  antennae  of  male  almost  simple.  Forewing 
with  the  costa  arched,  the  apex  rounded,  the  termen  evenly  curved  ;  vein  3 
from  well  before  angle  of  cell  ;  5  from  just  above  angle  ;  the  discocellulars 
curved  ;  6  from  below  upper  angle  ;  7  from  angle  ;  8,  9  stalked  ;  10,  11  from 
cell,  the  latter  curved.  Hindwing  with  the  lower  end  of  cell  produced  ;  veins 
3,  4,  5  well  separated  ;  the  discocellulars  angled  ;  6,  7  stalked,  7  connected 
with  8  by  an  oblique  bar  ;  the  retinaculum  bar-shaped  in  male,  the  frenulum  of 
female  single. 


(1)  t  Balaenifrons  haematographa  n.  sp. 

(J.  Golden  yellow  ;  head,  thorax  and  abdomen  with  crimson  mi.xed  ;  palpi 
tinged  with  fuscous.  Forewing  with  five  ill-defined  waved  crimson  lines  with 
black  marks  suffused  with  silvery  scales  on  them  at  costa  except  the  subterminal 
line  ;  the  antemedial  and  medial  lines  confluent  in  the  cell,  the  postmedial  line 
incurved  at  discal  fold  and  bent  inwards  below  vein  3,  the  subterminal 
line  bent  outwards  to  the  margin  and  interrupted  at  vein  3.  Hmdwing  semi- 
hyaline  ochreous,  the  terminal  area  suffused  with  brown  with  a  purplish  crimson 
patch  on  it  below  vein  3  with  two  yellow  marks  on  it  at  vein  2. 

?.  Forewing  without  the  black  marks  on  the  lines  at  costa  ;  hindwing  with 
the  terminal  area  suffused  with  crimson  except  towards  tornus, 

Solomon  Is.,  Bougainville  I.  (Meek),  2  3  type  ;  Queensland,  Cedar  Bay, 
Cooktown  (Meek),  1  ?,  Geraldton  (Meek),  o^  ?  m  coll.  Rothschild.  Exp.  cJ  22, 
9  28  mill. 


58  XOTITATEB    ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV.    1917. 

(2)  t  Balaenifrons  aryrostrota  n.  sp. 

<J.  Head,  thorax  and  abdomen  golden  yellow  mixed  with  crimson-red  ; 
palpi  yellow  towards  base,  then  red  ;  pectus,  legs  and  ventral  surface  of  abdomen 
white,  the  fore  tibiae  yellow  banded  with  red.  Forewing  golden  yellow  with 
five  ill-defined  waved  crimson-red  bands  suffused  with  silvery  purple,  the  ante- 
medial  and  medial  bands  confluent  except  towards  costa  and  inner  margin 
and  the  post  medial  and  subterminal  bands  confluent  in  places  ;  a  red  discoidal 
striga.  Hindwing  yellow  ;  some  crimson-red  on  vein  2  near  base  ;  the  apical 
area  suffused  with  brown  ;  partly  confluent  postmedial  and  subterminal  crimson- 
red  bands  suffused  with  silvery  purple  between  discal  and  submedian  folds. 

Ceylon,  Gampola  (Green),  1  o,  Newera  Eliya  (Green),  1  3  type.  Exp. 
16  mill. 

(3)  t  Balaenifrons  phoenicozona  n.  sp. 

Head  and  thorax  yellowish  white  mixed  with  rufous  ;  abdomen  white 
with  dorsal  rufous  bands  towards  base  and  dark  brown  bands  towards  extremity  ; 
antennae  yellow  ringed  with  black-brown  ;  pectus,  legs  and  ventral  surface  of 
abdomen  white,  the  fore  femora  blackish  above,  the  fore  and  mid  tibiae  yellow 
and  red  with  black  bands  at  extremities  and  on  the  tarsi.  Forewing  golden 
yellow  with  deep  red  bands  suffused  with  silver,  their  edges  rather  diffused  ; 
a  subbasal  band  with  black  and  silvery  mark  at  costa  ;  a  black  and  silvery 
mark  on  costa  near  middle  with  the  antemedial  and  medial  bands  arising  from 
it  and  confluent  to  above  inner  margin  where  they  fork  ;  a  black  and  silvery 
mark  on  costa  above  end  of  cell  and  two  red  discoidal  points  ;  the  postmedial 
band  with  black  and  silvery  mark  at  costa,  and  partly  confluent  with  a  terminal 
band  ending  at  vein  3.  Hindwing  semihj'aline  yellow  ;  a  red  mark  on  vein  2 
at  its  middle  ;  the  terminal  area  suffused  with  brown,  a  red  and  purplish  sUver 
patch  on  it  below  vein  3  with  a  small  yellow  spot  on  it  at  vein  2. 

Queensland,  Cedar  Bay,  Cooktown  (Meek),  1  3  type,  o,  $  hi  coll.  Rothschild. 
Exp.  16  mill. 

(4)  Balaenifrons  homopteridia. 

t  BalaenifroTishomripleiklia'Hmpsn.,  Moths  Ind.  iv.  p.  9(1890);  id.,  Fom.  Mem.  viii.  p.  421.  pi.  53.  f.  4. 
Bengal ;  Burma  ;  N.  Borneo. 

(5)  t  Balaenifrons  ocbrochroa  n.  sp. 

(J.  Head  and  thorax  oehreous  mixed  with  brick-red  ;  abdomen  ochreous 
with  a  fulvous  yellow  band  near  base  and  some  red  suffusion  toward  extremity  ; 
pectus,  legs  and  ventral  surface  of  abdomen  ochreous  white,  the  tibiae  and  tarsi 
suffused  with  rufous.  Forewing  ochreous  thickly  irrorated  with  brick-red  ; 
an  oblique  diffused  red  antemedial  line  ;  a  discoidal  spot  ;  a  diffused  post- 
medial  line,  slightly  incurved  below  vein  4  ;  a  fine  dark  terminal  line  ;  cilia 
ochreous  white.  Hindwing  ochreous  whitLsh  suffused  with  brown,  the  cDia 
ochreous  white. 

Singapore  (Wood-Jones),  1  3  type.     Exp.  28  mill. 

Genera  auctorum. 

Hombergia  unicolor  de  Joan,  Bull.  Soc.  Ent.  Fr.  1910.  p.  270,  probably  near  .ArchigaUeria.     France. 


NOVITATEB   ZOOLOOICAE   XXIV.    1917.  59 

TWO   NEW   AMERICAN   MOTHS 

By  K.  Jordan,  Ph.D. 

Family  ''ASTNIIDAE. 

1.  Eupalamides  grandis  spec.  nov. 

(J  $.  E.  dedalo  simUlimus,  pallidior,  alis  anticis  sine  maculis  submarginalibus 
ante  ramum  primum  radialem  (costam  sextam)  atque  infra  totis  squamosis. 

Hab.  French  Guiana  (type),  Surinam,  British  Guiana  and  the  Amazons. 
In  these  countries  two  species  occur,  apparently  side  by  side.  The  one  which 
I  take  to  be  dedalus  Cram.  (1775)  =  cyparissias  Fabr.  (1777),  has  one  or  more 
submarginal  spots  on  the  forewing  between  the  first  radial  (R'  =  vein  6)  and 
the  costa,  both  above  and  below  ;  the  forewing  beneath  in  the  male  is  strongly 
hairy  from  near  the  base  to  two-thirds,  and  glossy  in  the  centre,  and  in  the  female 
is  covered  with  narrow  haii-like  scales  between  base  and  oblique  band.  In 
the  second  species  the  scaling  on  the  underside  of  the  forewing  is  normal,  i.e. 
there  is  no  coat  of  hairs  in  either  sex  ;  the  apical  area  of  the  forewing  and  the 
whole  hindwing,  beneath,  are  much  paler  than  in  E.  dedalus,  and  there  are  no 
submarginal  spots  from  R'  forward  on  the  forewing.  The  ij-genitalia  also 
differ  to  some  extent,  as  will  be  explained  in  another  place. 

Eupalamides  Hiibn.  (1822  ?)  is  a  well-defined  genus,  both  sexes  being  charac- 
terised inter  alia  by  the  hairiness  of  the  upperside  of  the  hindwing  and  the  absence 
of  the  paronychia  and  pulvUli. 

Family    SPHINGIDAE. 

2.  Protoparce  vestalis  spec.  nov. 

S.  A  specie  P.  floresian  dicta  colore  magis  albescente,  maculis  nigris  superiori- 
bus  abdominis  multo  minoribus,  alis  posticis  macula  distincta  subbasali  in  et 
sub  cellula  sita  grisea  notatis. 

Long.  al.  ant.  58-60  mm. 

Hab.  Para,  May  and  June  (Rev.  A.  Miles  Moss),  two  oo'. 

Much  purer  white  than  P.  florestan,  to  which  it  is  nearest.  The  black  side- 
spots  of  the  abdominal  segments  2,  3  and  4  are  narrow,  tran.sverse,  and  do  not 
touch  one  another  above,  while  beneath  they  are  joined  together  by  a  broad 
black  stripe  ;  the  white  side-spots,  therefore,  are  not  separated  from  the  grey 
dorsal  surface  ;  black  side-spots  of  segments  5  to  8  quite  small  and  inconspicuous, 
being  obsolescent.  Underside  of  body  and  the  legs  and  palpi  as  in  P.  florestan 
but  purer  white.  Wings,  upperside  :  the  markings  of  the  forewing  as  in  P. 
florestan,  but  the  black  basal  stripe  placed  in  the  hindmargin  broader  ;  the 
distal  margin  more  deeply  incurved  before  anal  angle.  The  two  black  discal 
streaks  distinct,  the  submarginal  line  obsolescent,  as  is  also  the  third  discal 
dentate  line  ;  interspace  between  this  third  line  and  the  second  almost  pure 
white  ;  in  type-specimen  basal  and  discal  areas  with  a  distinct  yellowish  tint, 
of  which  there  is  hardly  a  trace  in  the  second  example,  the  space  around  the 
etigma  between  the  submedian   and  discal  lines  has  no  yellowish  or  buff  tint. 


60  NOVITATES    ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV.     1917. 

— On  the  hindwing  a  broad  whitish  grey  area  extends  from  the  base  to  the 
anal  angle,  being  divided  up  by  three  transverse  black  lines  and  two  black  streaks, 
the  anterior  streak  reaching  to  the  distal  margin,  the  other  being  short  ;  the 
proximal  portion  of  this  grey  area  is  often  vestigial  in  P.  florestan,  but  never  so 
distinct  as  in  P.  vestalis  ;  in  the  type  of  P.  vegtalis  the  grey  area  is  slightly 
washed  with  buff. 

Underside  as  in  P.  florestan,  but  the  hindwing  lighter  grey,  the  dark  brown 
marginal  band,  therefore,  more  prominent  ;  in  the  type  on  hindwing  a  double 
median  line  and  dentate  discal  line,  the  latter  obsolete  in  the  parat3'pe. 

Genitalia  similar  to  those  of  P.  florestan,  but  the  tenth  sternite  shorter  and 
broader,  and  the  harpe  more  coarsely  dentate  and  dorsally  notched  twice  (only 
the  type  examined). 


NOVITATES    ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV.     1917.  61 


SUPPLEMENTAL  NOTES  TO  MR.  CHAELES  OBERTHUR'S 
FAUNE  DES  LEPIDOPTERES  BE  LA  BARBARIE,  WITH 
LISTS  OF  THE  SPECIMENS  CONTAINED  IN  THE  TRING 
MUSEUM. 

By  lord  ROTHSCHILD,  F.R.S.,  Ph.D. 

MR.  CHARLES  OBERTHtJR  has,  for  many  years,  made  a  special  study 
of  the  lepidoptera  of  N.W.  Africa,  and  all  entomologists  must  have  been 
very  pleased  when  he  started  to  publish  a  connected  account  of  the  results  of 
his  investigations.  Although  he  published  the  first  part  of  his  Etudes  d'Ento- 
mologie  in  1876  with  his  initial  list  of  Algerian  lepidoptera  ;  it  was  not  till  JNIarch 
1915  in  the  X'  Fascicule  of  his  Etudes  de  Lepidopterologie  Coniparee  that  he 
began  his  complete  work.  In  that  "  Fascicule  "  he  has  given  us  a  resume  of 
his  studies  on  the  Rhopalocera  and  the  Grypocera  of  Barbary.  The  commence- 
ment of  the  Heterocera  is  made  on  pages  179-428  of  "Fascicule"  XII,  and 
includes  the  Sphingidae,  Zygaenidae,  Ainatidae,  Heterogynnidae,  Linuicodidae, 
Notodontidae,  Cnetliocampinae,  Liparidae,  Lasiocampidae,  Lemoniidae,  Saturnidae, 
Drepanidae,  and  Megalopygidae.  The  classification  is,  for  younger  students, 
rather  perplexing,  for  it  is  neither  the  modern  classification  nor  does  it  exactly 
follow  that  of  the  Catalogue  of  Palaearctic  Lepidoptera  of  Drs.  Staudmger  and 
Rebel  ;  however,  although  not  following  Mr.  Oberthiir's  nomenclature,  I  have 
arranged  the  species  in  the  same  order  as  he  has,  for  easier  reference,  but  this 
does  not  mean  that  I  agree  with  it. 

Although  I  would  not  wish  ui  any  way  to  hurt  the  feelings  of  Mr.  Charles 
Oberthiir,  for  he  has  been  a  kind  friend  to  me,  and  his  services  to  Entomology 
are  very  great,  I  cannot  help  making  a  few  general  remarks.  In  the  present 
work  Mr.  Oberthiir,  as  he  always  has  done,  maintains  that  descriptions  of 
lepidoptera  without  good  figures  are  useless,  and  he  will  not  recognise  the  validity 
of  names  founded  on  descriptions  alone.  I  certainly  go  so  far  as  to  say  that 
figures  are  very  useful  and  desirable  ;  but  a  good  description  is  often  more 
easily  understood  and  can  be  identified  better  than  an  inferior  figure,  and  who 
is  to  be  the  judge  if  a  figure  is  good,  bad,  or  indifferent  ? !  If  Mr.  Oberthiir's  rule 
were  to  be  adopted,  we  should  have  to  consider  thousands,  nay,  tens  of  thou- 
sands of  zoological  names  as  invalid,  which  are  in  use  every  day  and  are  quite 
understandable  to  the  students  interested.  I  then  must  draw  my  readers' 
attention  to  the  presentation  of  the  various  species  by  Mr.  Oberthiir.  We  find 
that  although  in  Barbary  the  typical  form  of  a  given  species  may  be  quite 
unknown  ;  yet  Mr.  Oberthiir  heads  each  species  with  the  name  of  the  typical 
race  and  only  draws  attention  to  the  various  local  races  in  the  text.  This  is 
most  confusing,  especially  as  his  Etudes  have  no  index,  an  extremely  regrettable 
circumstance.  Then  we  find  that  Mr.  Oberthiir  apparently  does  not  under- 
stand the  modern  use  of  trinomials,  for  he  uses  them  indifferently  for  Subspecies 
( =  local  and  geographical  races),  and  for  individual  variations.  JIi-.  Oberthiir 
even  makes  use  of  quadrinomials  and  quuiquinomials,  which  are  absolutely 
inadmissible   under   the   International  Rules.     Accordijig  to  the   International 


62  NOVITATES    ZOOLOOICAK    XXIV.     1917. 

Rules  of  Nomenclature,  trinomials  can  only  be  uf-ed  for  Subspecies  and  not  for 
individual  aberrations.  If  such  individual  aberrations  are  named  at  all.  the 
name  must  be  preceded  by  ab.  (  =  abbreviation  for  aberration),  thus  Vanessa 
polycJiloros  ab.  testudo,  while  the  North  African  local  form  of  this  insect  is  written 
trinomially  thus,  Vanessa  polychloros  erythromelas  Aust.  Another  undesirable 
nomenclatorial  practice  of  ]\Ir.  Oberthiir  is  \^ithin  one  and  the  same  gemis 
applying  the  same  name  to  species  or  subspecies  and  to  individual  aberrations 
also  ;  as  an  instance  Satyrvs  powelli  Oberth..  a  very  distinct  species,  and  Satyriis 
fdia.  albivenosa  poicelli  Oberth.,  which  is  an  aberration  of  an  aberration  of 
Satyrus  fdia. 

Now  I  know  that  names  applied  to  aberrations  do  not  come  within  the 
scope  of  the  International  Rules  which  only  apply  to  "  subspecies,"  "  species," 
"  genera,"  and  "  still  higher  divisions,"  but  nevertheless  it  is  most  incon- 
venient and  much  to  be  deprecated  if  aberrations  are  given  names  which  already 
belong  to  species  in  the  same  genus,  and  ^^hen  Mr.  Oberthiir  in  addition  WTites 
both  trinomially  the  practice  leads  to  utter  confusion. 

It  is  also  most  startling  and  disconcerting  to  find  interpolated  in  the  midst 
of  a  Fauna  of  Barbary  on  pages  372-376  of  "  Fascicule  XII  "  a  series  of  de- 
scriptions of  Thibetian  Drepanidae.  Although  I  am  not  guiltless  of  similar 
discrepancies  (see  WoUaston  Expedition  description  and  figures  of  some  lepidop- 
tera  not  from  this  expedition)  myself,  yet  my  references  dealt  with  the  same 
faunal  area,  while  Mr.  Oberthiir  cannot  plead  that  Thibet  is  a  part  of  Barbary, 
though  within  the  Palaearctic  area. 

In  additijn  to  notes  on  the  specimens  in  the  British  Museum,  I  am  givmg 
also,  under  each  species,  such  references  as  I  think  of  use  from  Mr.  Ch.  Blachier, 
Miss  M.  E.  Fountaine,  Mr.  J.  de  Joannis,  and  the  late  Mr.  A.  E.  Gibbs.  I  am 
adding  to  this  a  complete  list  of  the  Mauretanian  specimens  in  the  Tring  Museum. 

The  Algerian  material  in  the  Tring  Museum  was  principally  collected  by 
Dr.  Ernst  Hartert,  Dr.  Karl  Jordan,  and  myself,  and  our  energetic  taxidermist 
Mr.  C.  Hilgert,  between  the  years  1908  and  1914  ;  and  also  by  the  professional 
collectors,  Victor  Faroult  and  E.  Blanc,  Mr.  Maxime  Rotrou  of  Sidi  bel  Abbes,  and 
the  pharmacist  of  Batna,  Mr.  A.  Nelva.  In  addition  to  these,  as  appears  in  the 
lists,  a  certain  number  of  things  were  caught  by  the  guide  Cheli  Brahim  and 
a  number  of  other  individuals.  Last,  but  not  least,  I  am  most  indebted  to  the 
genial  Danish  Consul  at  Alger,  Dr.  Nissen,  for  much  good  material,  but  stUl 
more  for  an  amount  of  help  and  general  assistance  without  which  nothing 
hardly  of  this  collection  could  have  been  brought  together. 

I  paid  in  all,  between  1908  and  1914,  six  visits  to  Algeria  in  company  with 
Dr.  Ernst  Hartert  and  Dr.  K.  Jordan  ;  on  all  of  which,  except  the  first,  some  of 
us  were  accompanied  by  Mr.  Carl  Hilgert  as  taxidermist  and  general  shikaree. 
In  1912  Dr.  Hartert  together  with  Hilgert  made  the  long  desert  trip  to  In-Salah, 
while  Dr.  Jordan  and  I  explored  variovis  places  north  of  the  desert.  In  1914, 
after  spending  some  time  at  Biskra,  Dr.  Hartert  and  HUgert  went  down  to  the 
Oued  N^a  near  Ghardaia  for  four  weeks,  while  Dr.  Jordan  and  I  spent  the  time 
in  the  east  of  Algeria. 

In  1908  Dr.  Hirtert  and  I  arrived  in  Algiers  on  February  14th,  and  after 
four  days  in  that  town,  where  we  caught  a  few  Zygaena  algira  in  the  "  Bois  de 
Boulogne  "  and  a  few  moths  at  night,  we  left  for  Biskra,  arriving  there  on  the 
20th.     Wii  remamed  at  Biskra  till  the  er.d  of  April,  having  paid  short  visits  to 


NOVITATES    ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV.     1917.  63 

El  Kantara  and  Batna  in  between.  After  two  or  three  days  at  Constantine, 
where  I  caught  one  Zygaena  zuleiha  among  otherwise  only  common  in.sects,  we 
returned  to  Alger  and  Dr.  Hartert  returned  to  Tring.  Dr.  Jordan  and  I  spent 
the  three  latter  weeks  of  May  and  early  part  of  June  in  Alger,  Hammam  R'ihra, 
and  Blida  les  Glacieres,  and  made  some  good  collections.  It  was  on  this  occa- 
sion beyond  the  "  Bois  de  Boulogne  "  that  I  first  saw  a  living  Charaxes  jasius 
in  a  wild  state,  though  I  had  taken  the  larvae  at  Hyeres  and  bred  some  20 
imagines.  Dr.  Jordan  and  I  chased  this  individual  (a<J)  for  twenty  minutes  or 
half  an  hour,  but  failed  to  catch  it  ;  we  also  failed  to  catch  a  large  ?  near 
Blida  some  four  weeks  later. 

In  1909  we  arrived  at  Alger  on  February  22nd ;  and  after  making  prepara- 
tions for  our  proposed  journey  to  El  Oued,  we  left  for  El  Kantara,  where  we 
arrived  on  the  29th.  We  made  various  collections  there  and  went  to  Biskra 
on  March  llth.  We  made  numerous  excursions  to  Oumash,  Zaatcha,  Tolga, 
etc.,  and  collected  a  certain  amount.  On  March  25th  we  left  Biskra  in  com- 
pany with  Dr.  Nissen,  the  Danish  Consul,  on  our  desert  trip  to  El  Oued.  On 
this  trip  very  few  Rhopalocera  were  seen,  though  many  interesting  moths, 
among  them  Lymantria  oberthiiri  were  added  to  the  collection.  We  reached 
El  Oued  on  April  7th  and  arrived  back  at  Biskra  on  the  22nd.  The  two 
principal  new  species  found  on  this  trip  were  Cleoplmiui  pictiirata  and  Euhlemma 
deserti  Rothsch.  Our  friend  Dr.  Nissen  returned  to  Alger,  and  on  April  30th 
we  went  for  five  days  to  El  Kantara  ;  and  then  spent  ten  days  at  Batna 
and  Lambessa,  from  whence  we  went  to  Hammam  Meskoutine.  We  stayed 
here  till  early  in  June. 

In  1911  we  reached  Alger  on  January  21st,  and  spent  the  days  from 
February  1st  to  18th  at  Hammam  Meskoutine  ;  from  February  19th  to  March  17th 
we  remained  in  Biskra,  and  from  March  17th  to  27th  at  El  Kantara,  and  then 
returned  to  Alger.  On  April  1st  we  left  Alger  with  Dr.  Nissen  for  our  trip  by 
automobile  to  Gharda'ia.  This  journey  was  very  fruitful  in  lepidoptera,  and 
it  was  on  our  return  journey  on  April  28th  that  we  took  for  the  first  time 
Euchloe  tagis  pechi,  which  Dr.  Nissen  discovered  while  we  were  detained  at 
Guelt-es-Stel  by  an  accident.  On  AprU  30th  we  returned  to  Alger,  where  we 
were  detained  for  a  fortnight  by  my  being  Ul  with  fever.  We  spent  May  17th  to 
26th  at  Hammam  R'ihra,  where  we  caught  much  of  interest ;  a  long  series  of 
Zygaena  theryi  Joan,  and  a  specimen  of  Haemoirhagia  fvciformis  being  specially 
noteworthy.     We  left  Alger  on  June  14th. 

In  1912  Dr.  Hartert  and  Carl  Hilgert  went  to  In-Salah.  They  left  BLskra 
February  20th,  and  got  back  to  Alger  on  June  21st.  This  trip  was  very  fertile 
in  new  forms,  Melitaea  didyma  harterti,  Anumeta  major,  Anumeta  sahulosa, 
Odontelia  griseola,  Polia  cinnamomeogrisea,  etc.,  38  species  and  subspecies 
apparently  being  new  to  science. 

In  that  same  year  Dr.  Jordan  and  I  spent  March  and  the  first  half  of  April 
at  Alger  and  Hammam  R'ihra,  and  then  the  last  half  of  April  in  company  with 
Dr.  Nissen  at  Guelt-es-Stel.  The  first  half  of  May  we  spent  at  Khenchela,  and 
then  returned  to  Alger,  reaching  home  early  in  June. 

In  1913  we  reached  Alger  on  AprU  2nd,  and  arrived  at  Oran  on  April  9th. 
After  exploring  the  neighbourhood  we  went  to  Tlemcen  on  the  18th  and  col- 
lected as  far  round  as  Lalla  Marnia  and  Terni.  We  returned  to  Oran  on  the  29th, 
where  we  were  joined  by  Dr.  Nissen  and  started  for  Ain  Scfi-a,  and  we  arrived 


64  XOVITATES    ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV.     1917. 

there  on  May  1st  and  remained  till  the  18th.  We  took  large  numbers  of  moths, 
many  very  rare,  among  others  the  true  Metapoceras  codeti  Oberthiir,  also  one 
solitary  Teracolus  rwiirm,  and  on  the  Djebel  Mekter  Cigaritis  allardi  and  Zygaena 
marcouna.  We  then  went  to  Saida,  which  was  not  very  fruitful,  and  on  May  '23rd 
we  went  to  Hammam  R'ihra  for  a  week  ;  where  among  a  lot  of  good  things 
we  caught  two  fine  Sphinx  pinastri. 

In  1914  we  arrived  early  in  March  at  Alger,  and  proceeding  to  Biskra, 
stayed  there  a  month,  getting  some  very  welcome  additions  to  the  collection. 
On  April  8th  Dr.  Hartert  and  Carl  HUgert  set  out  for  the  Oued  N9a,  and  Dr. 
Jordan  and  I  proceeded  to  join  Dr.  Nissen  at  Constantine,  whence  we  went  to 
Souk  Ahras  in  the  extreme  east  of  Algeria.  We  were  considerablj'  disappointed 
here,  for  we  found  we  had  come  at  least  three  or  four  weeks  too  early.  However, 
we  had  one  good  haul,  for  we  found  Zygaena  zuleika  simply  swarming  in  the  old 
Arab  giaveyard  above  the  town.  In  the  previous  five  years  I  had  only  taken 
four  specimens  of  this  species,  viz.  1  at  Constantine  in  1908,  2  at  Hammam  R'ihra, 
and  1  in  1913  in  Mrs.  Beresford's  garden  in  Mustapha  Superior.  We  went  from 
Souk  Ahras  to  Tebessa  after  about  ten  days,  but  here  there  was  absolutely 
nothing  to  be  found,  so  after  three  or  four  days  we  went  back  to  Hammam 
Meskoutine,  where  we  stayed,  and  Dr.  Hartert  and  HUgert  rejoined  us  there, 
and  we  finally  reached  home  early  in  June.  Dr.  Hartert  collected  a  nice  series 
of  lepidoptera  both  on  the  Oued  Nfa  and  on  the  way  back,  the  best  things 
being  a  pair  of  the  very  rare  noctuid  Anydrophila  sahoiirodi  (Lucas),  which  had 
hitherto  been  known  only  from  the  unique  type  from  Zarcime  in  Tunisia.  I 
have  only  given  above  the  bare  ovitline  of  our  journeys  in  Algeria  ;  but  those 
of  my  readers  who  want  further  details  I  must  refer  to  Novitates  Zoologicae, 
vol.  xviii.  pp.  456-492  (1912),  vol.  xx.  pp.  1-27  (1913)  ;  vol.  xxi.  pp.  180-186 
(1914),  and  vol.  xxii.  pp.  61-66  (1915). 

The  reader  will  find  enumerated  among  the  specimens  a  series  collected  by 
Herr  Geyr  von  Schwcppenburg  on  a  journey  to  the  Hoggar  Mountains.  Herr 
Geyr  went  with  Herr  Paul  Spatz,  and  the  journey  was  made  from  Biskra  to 
Ideles  via  Touggourt,  Ouargla,  Ain-Ta'iba  and  Timassinin ;  the  full  list  will  be 
foimd  in  the  Antuils  ami  Magazine  of  Natural  History  (8),  xvi.  pp.  247,  etc.  (1915). 
For  those  who  have  not  visited  Algeria,  I  should  like  to  say  that  it  is 
divided  into  tliree  faunal  regions,  first  the  "  Coastal  or  Tell  "  which  lies  north 
of  the  northern  range  of  the  Atlas  Mountains ;  second,  the  "  Hauts  Plateaux," 
which  consist  of  the  high  steppe-like  country  mostly  some  900-1,100  metres 
above  sea-level  and  is  situated  between  the  northern  and  southern  chains  of 
the  Atlas  ;  and  third,  the  "  Saharan  or  Desert  region,"  which  comprises  all  the 
country  south  of  the  second  Atlas  chain  as  far  as  the  end  of  the  Hoggar  Moun- 
tains, i.e.  about  halfway  between  Ideles  and  Air.  The  northern  or  Tell  Atlas 
has  more  or  less  the  same  fauna  as  the  Coastal  Plain,  but  its  southern  slopes 
agree  more  with  the  Hauts  Plateaux  ;  the  Southern  or  Saharan  Atlas  has 
principally  the  fauna  of  the  Hauts  Plateaux.  In  Tunisia  and  the  most  eastern 
part  of  Algeria,  owing  to  the  mountains  running  up  closer  to  the  sea,  the 
"  Hauts  Plateaux  "  region  is  less  defined  and  runs  more  into  the  other  two. 
In  Morocco  we  know  too  little  about  the  natural  history  of  the  country, 
except  round  Tangier  and  along  the  coast,  i.e.  Mazagan  and  Mogador,  to  say 
if  these  threefold  faunal  divisions  are  there  well  defined  or  not.  Of  the 
localities   mentioned  in   the   lists,  Alger  and  the  Foret  de  Bainen  are  on  the 


NOVITATE.S    ZOOLOGIPAE    XXIV.     1917.  (J5 

littoral  of  the  province  of  Alger,  while  the  Grands  Kabylie  ard  Leila  Kredidja, 
Yakouren.  Abd-el-Kader.  Oued  Hamidou,  Sakanmdi.  Tizi  Ouzou,  and  the  Foret 
d'Akfadan  lie  in  the  mountains  north  of  the  Atlas  range  between  Alger  and 
Bougie.  Blida  les  Glacieres  and  Hammam  R'ihra  are  in  the  foothills  of  the 
Atlas,  while  Teniet-el-Haad,  Medea,  and  Boghar  are  in  the  main  Atlas  chain 
of  the  province  of  Alger.  Boghari,  Berrouaghia,  Guelt-es-Stel,  Puits  Baba, 
Terres  Blanches,  Ain-Oiissera,  and  Bordj-bou-Arreridj  are  on  the  "  Hauts 
Plateaux  "  of  that  province  ;  Djelfa  is  in  the  second  Atlas  chain  ;  while  Bou 
Saada,  El  Hamel,  Laghouat,  Tilghempt,  Ghardaia,  Berrian  Guerrara,  and  the 
Oued  N9a  are  in  the  "  Desert  Region  "  south  of  that  province.  Oran,  Nemours, 
and  Nedronia  are  in  the  littoral  of  the  Province  of  Oran ;  while  Masser 
Mines  and  Lalla  Marnia  are  in  the  low  mountain  ranges  north  of  the  Atlas 
in  that  province.  Tifcen  Yaya,  Sidi-bel- Abbes,  Tlemcen,  and  Les  Pins  are  on 
the  northern  slopes  of  the  Northern  Atlas  range  on  the  railwaj'  line  between 
Sidi-bel-Abbes  and  Tlemcen  in  the  west  of  the  Oran  Province.  Saida  and 
Tifrit,  25  kilometres  west  of  it,  are  in  the  central  part  of  the  Northern  Atlas 
chain  in  the  Oran  Province,  while  Ain  Sefra,  Ras  Chergui,  and  Mecheria  are 
in  the  Southern  Atlas  chain  of  that  province.  The  fauna  of  these  three  places 
has  a  much  more  desert  mixture  than  is  the  case  in  the  Aures  districts  in 
the  Province  of  Constantine,  and  this  appears  due  to  the  invasion  of  large 
and  extensive  sand-dunes.  Colomb  Bechar  is  at  the  commencement  of  the 
desert  in  the  Oran  Province. 

Zoiidj-el-Beghal  is  in  Eastern  Morocco,  15-20  kilometres  bej'ond  the 
Algerian  frontier  west  of  Oudjda.  Mazagan,  the  Mwhoila  (Orange  Grove,  Oum- 
er-Rebia),  Ouled  Farsh,  Truchan,  Rabat,  the  Oum-er-Rebia,  and  Mogador  are 
on  the  Atlantic  west  coast  of  Morocco.  Tangier  is  due  north  opposite  Gibraltar, 
Tamarouth,  Djebel  Tixa,  Agvirgur  Amsmiz,  Sould  Jedid,  Imentalla,  Tizi 
Gourza,  Tsigidir-el-Bor,  and  Tsauritz  Entsagauz  are  in  the  High  Atlas,  while 
the  Forest  of  Marmora  is  inland  from  Rabat. 

Batna,  Lambessa,  and  KJienchela  are  on  the  "  Hauts  Plateaux  "  of  the 
Province  of  Constantine  ;  Menaa  and  El  Kantara  and  the  Gorges  de  TUatou 
are  in  the  Aures  Mountains  =  the  Southern  Atlas  range. 

El  Outaya,  Biskra,  Hammam-es-Salahin,  Oumash,  Bordj  Chegga,  Mraier, 
Touggourt,  Bled-et-Amar,  El  Oued,  El  Arish,  Ouargla,  El  Golea,  Igosten, 
In-Salah,  the  Oued  Mya,  El  Hadadra,  and  Aiin  Guettera  are  in  the  desert  south 
of  the  Province  of  Constantine. 

Ai'n  Taiba  and  Timassinin  lie  south-east  of  Ouargla,  while  Oued  Ag'elil, 
Oued  Ahma,  Oued  Tamadout,  Oued  Abou,  and  Oued  Dehm  are  north  of  the 
Hoggar  Mountains,  and  Ideles  is  in  the  northern  part  of  the  Hoggar  Mountaiiis, 
while  Tamargliasset  is  in  the  main  portion  of  these  mountaii;s.  Oued  Kadamelkt 
and  Oued  Tidek  are  south  of  these  mountains  in  Adrar,  Oued  Kadamellet  is 
north  of  Air,  and  Philippeville  and  Bone  are  the  two  chief  ports  of  the  Provmcc 
of  Constantine.  Constantine  and  Hammam  Meskoutine  are  in  the  foot-hills 
north  of  the  Northern  Atlas  chain  in  the  Province  of  Constantine  ;  while  Souk 
Ahras  is  in  this  northern  chain  close  to  the  Tunisian  frontier,  while  Tebessa  is 
in  the  Southern  Atlas  also  near  Tunisia.  Ain  Draham  is  in  the  Northern  Atlas 
in  Western  Tunisia,  called  by  the  French  "  Kioumerie."  Tunis  is  the  capital 
of  Tunisia. 

Marakesh  is  the  capital  of  Morocco. 

5 


66  XOVITATES    ZOOLOGIfAE    XXIV.     1  iU  7. 

The  data  for  specimens  given  under  Mr.  A.  E.  Gibbs  are  taken  from  "An 
Algerian  Holiday  "  in  The  Entomologist,  vol.  xliv.  pp.  135-140  and  170-174 
(1911);  those  given  under  Joannis  are  taken  from  the  Bulletin  de  la  Societe 
entomologique  de  France,  1908,  pp.  82,  83;  and  those  under  Miss  Fountaine  are 
from  The  Entomologist,  1906,  pp.  84-89  and  107-109. 

I  herewith  give  a  sort  of  synopsis  of  the  people  named  in  the  lists  of  Ti  ii.g 
Museum  material. 

Dr.  Nissen  is  Danish  Consul-General  for  Algeria  and  a  medical  practitioner  ; 
he  has  a  private  collection  of  Algerian  lepidoptera  and  a  small  representative 
one  from  elsewhere. 

Captam  Holl,  who  died  in  1916  or  the  end  of  1915,  was  a  retued  engineer 
oflScer  of  the  French  Army  ;  he  was  an  Alsatian,  and  had  a  collection  of 
Algerian  and  Alsatian  lepidoptera  and  disposed  of  his  duplicates  commercially. 

Mr.  A.  Nelva  is  the  principal  pharmaceutical  chemist  at  Batna  ;  he  originally 
collected  all  orders  of  zoological  objects,  but  in  1909  determined  to  restrict 
himself  to  coleoptera.  However,  he  could  not  forgo  retaining  small  series  of 
his  local  lepidoptera,  but  collects  lepidoptera  mainly  for  sale. 

Mr.  Maxime  Rotrou  is  a  coleopterist  who  habitualh-  lives  at  Sidi-bel-Abbes, 
but  travels  about  in  the  Province  of  Oran,  being  m  Government  employ.  He 
collects  lepidoptera  and  other  orders  for  sale  to  help  him  with  his  coleoptera. 

Mr.  A.  Thery  is  a  merchant  and  commission  agent  of  Alger,  who  has  one 
of  the  best  collections  in  the  world  of  the  coleopterous  family  of  Buprestidae, 
and  made  also  a  collection  of  Algerian  insects.  Just  before  the  war  he  took 
up  a  large  land  concession  near  Rabat  and  sent  me  a  small  collection  from 
there. 

Victor  Faroult  is  a  French  professional  collector  who  has  collected  for  me 
in  various  parts  of  Algeria  since  1911. 

Cheli  Brahim  is  or  was  the  Arab  guide  at  the  Hotel  Bertrand  at  El  Kantara. 

Mr.  E.  Blanc  is  a  taxidermist  and  dealer  in  Tunis. 

W.  Riggenbach  is  a  Swiss  zoological  collector  who  collected  for  the  Tring 
Museum  in  Morocco  from  1900-1905,  and  in  Senegal  in  1906-1907. 

Except  in  very  few  instances  no  insects  received  in  1916  could  be  included, 
as  owing  to  the  war  I  have  not  been  able  to  get  them  set.  I  received  in  1916 
from  Mr.  Nelva,  Mr.  Rotrou,  and  Victor  Faroult  some  five  or  six  thousand 
specimens  from  Perregaux,  Sidi-bel-Abbes,  Titen  Yaya,  Lambessa,  Environs  de 
Batna,  Hammam  R'ihra,  Djebel  Zaccar  (above  Miliana),  and  Aflou. 

I  have  in  the  lists  of  specimens  only  used  initials  when  quoting  cur  own 
captures.  E.  H.  signifies  Dr.  Ernst  Hartert  ;  K.  J.  signifies  Dr.  K.  Joidan  ; 
C.  H.  signifies  Carl  HUgert  and  W.  R.  denotes  myself. 

The  localities  are  arranged  from  west  to  east  and  from  north  to  south  and 
from  south  to  north. 


[Papilio  machaon  Linn. 

Mr.  Oberthiir  states  quite  truly  that  it  is  not  very  easy  to  define  the  different 
subspecies  of  this  butterfly  which  inhabit  Barbary.  But  I  think  I  shall  be  able 
to  make  it  quite  clear  that  there  are  three  distinct  races  inhabiting  this  area. 
(1)  That  found  along  the  coast  and  down  to  the  centre  of  the  "  Hants  Plateaux  " 
in   Central  and  Eastern  Algeria  and  Tunisia  ;    (2)  that  inhabiting  the  coastal 


NOVITATES    ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV.     1917.  67 

and  northern  portions  of  Western  Algeria  and  the  known  portions  of  Morocco  ; 
and  (3)  that  inhabiting  the  desert  areas  of  Algeria  and  probably  Tunisia  and 
running  up  in  places  into  the  southern  portions  of  the  "  Hants  Plateaux." 

The  second  local  form  presents  little  or  no  difficult}'  beyond  the  question 
of  the  priority  of  the  two  names  rnauretanica  Blachier  and  maxima  Verity,  but 
the  other  two  forms  are  not  so  simple.  In  my  "  Revision  of  the  PapUios  of  the 
Eastern  Hemisphere,  exclusive  of  Africa,"  Nov.  Zool.  vol.  ii.  pp.  165-463,  I 
united  under  P.  macJMon  sphyrus  Hiibn.  (see  pp.  275-276)  all  the  maclmon  from 
England,  South  Europe,  North  Africa,  and  Western  Asia  (to  Cashmere). 

As  our  knowledge  of  lepidoptera  has  advanced  by  leaps  and  bounds  since 
then,  it  is  not  remarkable  that  this  classification  of  the  7nachaon  forms  should 
now  prove  to  be  out  of  date.  The  British  form  is  distmct  enough  to  warrant 
a  separate  designation,  and  the  Moroccan  and  West  Algerian  and  that  from 
the  desert  regions  of  Algeria  have  also  proved  to  be  two  distinct  local  races 
which  must  be  separated.  The  consideration,  therefore,  only  remains  of  the 
form  inhabiting  the  northern  portions  of  Central  and  Eastern  Algeria  and 
Tunisia.  This  involves  the  vexed  cjuestion,  "  What  is  sphyrus  Hiibn.  ?  "  He  has 
given  no  locality  for  it,  and  the  figures  (ff .  775,  776)  at  fii'st  sight  give  one  the 
impression  of  the  British  form.  However,  the  yellow  is  too  dark,  and  it  agrees, 
I  think,  fairly  well  with  Spanish,  South  France  and  Italian  specimens.  The 
North  African  specimens  (Alger,  Hamniam  R'ilira,  Tunis,  etc.)  differ  slightly  both 
from  Portuguese  and  Riviera  ones  in  the  width  of  the  black  outer  one-fourth  of 
forewing,  in  the  more  oblong  and  narrower  red  area  in  the  anal  ocellus  of 
hindwing,  in  the  larger  yellow  submarginal  spots  of  the  hinchvmg,  and  in  the 
reduced  orange  spots  below. 

Dr.  Verity  has  separated  the  Algerian  and  Noitli  Tunisian  machaon  as  m. 
mauretanica ;  and  although  I  consider  that  I  have  not  enough  dated  material 
from  both  sides  of  the  Mediterranean  to  give  a  final  assent  to  this,  it  is  quite 
certain  that  a  number  of  the  North  African  specimens  show  characters  never 
found  in  those  from  South  Europe,  so  I  have  adopted  Dr.  Verity's  name  in  the 
present  article.  The  summer  generation  appears  alwajs  to  be  distinguished 
by  greater  extent  of  yellow  on  the  abdomen. 

Mr.  Oberthiir  states  that  he  has  never  seen  any  account  of  the  larvae  of 
any  of  the  Asiatic  forms  of  inachaon.  I  have  a  number  of  blown  larvae 
of  machaon  hippocrates  Feld.  from  Japan.  They  are  exactly  like  the  larvae  of 
European  machaon,  but  much  larger.] 

1.  Papilio  machaon  mauretanica  Verity. 

Papilio  machaon  mauretanica  Verity,  Rhopaloccra  Palaearctica,  p.  12.  pi.  ii.  f.  5  (1905)  (Alger). 

The  larvae  of  the  Algerian  mauretanica  resembles  European  machaon  larvae, 
but  appears  to  have  the  black  bands  on  the  segments  and  especially  these 
between  the  segments  broader.  We  found  two  larvae  at  Khenchela  in  the  last 
moult  but  one,  May  1912,  of  which  I  prepared  one  that  died  before  the  last 
moult .  The  second  pupated,  but  died  at  Tring.  These  larvae  had  both  the 
segmental  and  intrasegmental  black  rings  complete,  so  undoubtedly  the  Klienchela 
machaon  belongs  to  the  northern  form.  We  found  this  insect  fairly  abundant 
round  Mustapha  and  at  Hammam  R'ihra,  but  elsewhere  we  only  came  across  it 
occasionally. 


68  NOVITATES    ZOOLOOKAE    XXIV.     1917. 

The  Guelt-es-Stel  unique  specimen  is  in  appearance  intermediate  between 
the  northern  and  the  desert  race,  but  it  cannot  be  settled  what  form  occurs  in 
this  region  till  we  find  the  larvae,  and  I  prefer  for  the  present  to  regard  it  as 
mauretanica  on  account  of  its  northern  localitj'.  Tlie  specimens  of  this  form  in 
the  Tring  Musetim  number  forty-one. 

11  Envii-ons   d'Alger,  May— October    1905-1914,   W.  R.,  E.    H.   and  K.  J., 
Dr.  Nissen  and  Captain  Holl. 

3  Hammam  R'ilira,  April— September  1912-1916,  W.  R.,  K.  J.  and 
Faroult. 

1   Hammam  Meskoutine,  May  1914,  W.  R.  ai.d  K.  J. 
10  Belvedere.  Tunis,  August — September   1915,  Blanc. 

1  Gafsa,  Tunisia. 

2  Khenchela,  May  1912,  W.  R.  and  K.  J. 
1  Guelt-es-Stel,  July  1913. 

3  Saida,  May  1913,  W.  R.  and  E.  H. 

3  Ain  Sefra,"May  1913,  W.  R.  and  E.  H. 

4  Djebel  Mekter,  near  Ain  Sefra,  May  1913,  E.  H.  and  C.  H. 
1  Les  Pins,  July  1915,  Rotrou. 

1  Sidi-bel- Abbes,  August  1916. 

1  larva,  1  pupa,  Khenchela,  May  1912,  W.  R.  and  K.  J. 

The  specimens  from  the  last  four  localities  are  very  perplexing  ;  they  agree 
with  mauretanica  in  size  and  appearance,  but  ought  by  rights  to  belong  to  the 
next  form  ;  however,  as  the  "  Hauts  Plateaux  "  of  Province  Oran  have  a  very 
mixed  fauna,  it  is  possible  that  machaon  is  an  immigrant  from  the  cast  and  not 
from  the  north. 

In  the  British  Museum  there  Ls  a  single  specimen  from  the  Salvm-Godman 
collection  labelled  "  Algeria  "  ! 


2.  Papilio  machaon  maxima  Verity. 

Papilio  machaon  maxima  Verity,  Rhopalocera  Palaearctica,  p.  296.  pi.  lii.  f.  2  (1911)  (gen.  vern.) 

(Tangier). 
Papilio  machaon  maxima  gen.  aest.  angulala  Verity,  Rhopalocera  Palaearctica,  p.  290.  pi.  \x.  i.  14 

(1911)  (Tangier). 

Mr.  Blachier  (Ann.  Soc.  Entom.  France,  vol.  77.  pp.  209-211.  ff.)  1,  2  (1908) 
endeavours  to  show  that  the  name  mauretanica,  originally  given  by  Verity  to 
the  whole  of  the  Mauretanian  machaon,  should  be  restricted  to  the  form  from 
Morocco.  This  is  quite  wrong,  for  Verity  states  distinctly  that  his  form  is  small 
and  figures  a  specimen  from  Alger.  Therefore  the  name  of  inaxima  given  three 
years  later  by  Verity  must  stand  for  the  Moroccan  form. 

This  name  maxima  applies,  however,  only  to  the  spring  generation.  The 
summer  generation,  which  is  larger,  has  the  black  lines  somewhat  reduced  and 
the  abdomen  almost  entirely  yellow  with  only  a  black  dorsal  line  ;  this  is  Verity's 
gen.  aest.  angulata.     The  number  of  specimens  at  Tring  are  twenty-one. 

2  Mazagan,  April  1902,  W.  Riggenbach  "j 

1  Ouled  Farsh,  AprU  1901,  W.  Riggenbach    J-gen.  vern.  maxima. 

1  Djebel  Tixa,  March   1905,  W.  Riggenbach  J 


NOVITATES    ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV.     1017.  69 


gen.  aest. 
angulata. 


6  Mazagan,  July — September  1900,  W.  Riggenbach 
4  Morocco  (Marakesch),  October  1902,  W.  Riggenbach 

2  Cap  Blanco,  August  1902,  W.  Riggenbach 
1  Ouled  Farsh,  May  1901,  W.  Riggenbach 

3  Masser  Mines,  June  1914,  Faroult 

1  Titen  Yaya,  June  1915,  Rotrou 

The  four  specimens  in  the  Tring  Museum  from  t!ie  i.orth  of  the  Province 
of  Oran  are  certainly  unmistakable  maxima,  in  fact,  one  of  the  Ma-ser  Mines 
specimens  is  as  big  as  many  summer  specimens  of  machaon  hifpocrates  Feld. 
from  Japan  (length  of  forewing  52  mm.,  expanse  109  mm.). 

Mr.  Blachier  (loc.  cit.)  records  maxima  from  Marakesch,  coll.  Vaucher  and 
Tangier,  from  the  same  source. 

There  are  in  the  British  Museum  three  specimens  collected  by  Ms.  Meade- 
Waldo.  In  the  Trans.  Entom.  Soc.  Lond.  1905,  pp.  369-392,  Mi-.  M-ade-Waldo 
records  Tangier  January  and  August  1901  ;  Amsmiz,  June  1901  ;  Imentalla, 
1901  ;  and  Forest  of  Marmora,  March  1902. 

3.  Papilio  machaon  saharae  Oberth. 

Papilio  nuKhaon  var.  saharae  Oberthur,  Elud.  d'Entom.  iv.  p.  68.  sub  No.  192  (1879)  (Laghouat). 
Papilio   macJiaon  var.  hospifonides   Oberthur,   Elud.  d'Enlim.  xii.  p.  21.  t.  5.  f.  19  (1888)   (larva 
Biskra). 

Ii]  Novit.  Zool.  vol.  XX.  p.  109  (1913)  I  kept  hospitonides  separate  from 
saharae,  as  my  Laghouat  and  Bou  Saada  imagines  were  somewhat  different  from 
the  desert  specimens  from  elsewhere.  Since  then  I  have  examined  more 
material,  both  larvae  and  imagines,  and  I  find  that  though  the  imagines  represent 
two  di;  tinct  types — viz.  either  very  small  with  the  yeUow  much  reduced  or 
somewliat  larger  with  the  submarginal  yellow  spots  strongly  developed  and 
with  a  curious  yellow  bloom  over  the  whole  insect,  giving  it  a  mealy  appear- 
ance— nevertheless  all  the  desert  machaon  have  the  hospitonides  form  of  larva 
and  so  represent  one  local  race  only.  Therefore  the  name  saharae  must  be  used 
for  this  subspecies,  it  having  nine  years'  priority  over  hospitonides. 

Of  the  Bou  Saada  series  one  specimen  is  very  different  from  the  othersi 
beuig  quite  indistinguishable  from  North  Algerian  ones.  It  is,  of  course,  well 
known  that  occasional  specimens  of  subspecies  show  greater  resemblances  to 
other  races  of  the  same  species  than  to  the  one  to  which  they  geographically 
belong,  but  this  specimen  is  too  much  like  m.  mauretanica.  Victor  Faroult  has 
the  bad  habit,  which  was  equally  the  case  with  our  lamented  friend  William 
Doherty  and  our  poor  collector  Heinrich  Kiihn,  of  dragging  about  with  him, 
when  travelling,  odd  specimens  of  lepidoptera  captured  on  previous  expeditions. 
I  therefore  feel  sure  that  this  specimen  in  question  was  obtamed  somewhere  else 
and  included  in  the  Bou  Saada  lot  by  mistake.  The  remaining  41  Bou  Saada 
specimens  vary  much  in  size,  though  all  are  small.  The  smallest  has  the  length 
of  forewing  24  mm.  and  total  expanse  52  mm.,  while  largest  has  the  forewing 
40  mm.  and  a  total  expanse  of  85  mm.  The  specimens  at  Tring  total  65. 
42  (41)  Bou  Saada,  May,  June,  July  1912  (1  May  1911  ?  ?),  Faroult. 

2  Biskra,  September  1910,  Faroult. 
1  El  Kantara,  April  1911,  Faroult. 

3  El  Outaya,  March  1911,  Faroult. 


70  XOVITATES    ZOOLOOICAE    XXIV.     1!>17. 

2  Laghouat,  March— April   1911-1912,  W.  R.  and  E.  H.,  Faroult. 
5  Ghardaia,  May  1912  and  1914,  E.  H.  and  C.  H. 
1  Oued  N^a,  May  1914,  E.  H.  and  C.  H. 
8  El  Hadadra,  May  1912,  E.  H.  and  C.  H. 

1  Oued  Mya,  April  1912,  E.  H.  and  C.  H. 
5  larvae,  1  pupa  shell,  Bou  Saada,  Faroult. 

2  larvae.  El  Hadadra,  E.  H.  and  C.  H. 

Mr.  de  Joaniiis  records  two  specimens  collected  hy  Mr.  M.  R.  Chudeau, 
August  1905,  at  Tamangha-sset,  Hoggar  Mountains. 

The  larvae  of  vutchaon  saharae  are  very  different  from  those  of  other  forms 
of  machaon.  They  resemble  those  of  Papilio  hospiton  of  Corsica  and  Sardinia 
in  having  tlie  black  segmental  and  intersegmental  bar.ds  broken  up  into  spot.'-. 

[Papilio  podalirius  Linn. 

Dr.  Veritj',  in  his  Rhopalocera  Palaearctica,  p.  293  (1911),  asserts  that  he  has 
become  convinced  that  P.  podalirms  and  P.  feisthameli  are  two  distinct  species, 
and  not,  as  hitherto  considered  by  himself  ar.d  otheis.  two  local  races  of  one 
and  the  same  species  Papilio  podalirius.  Dr.  Verity  further  asserts  that  podalirins 
and  feisthameli  hy  together  tliroughout  Spain  and  across  to  Tangier. 

Dr.  Jordan  and  I  have  been  too  busy  with  other  entomological  work  to  go 
carefully  into  this  question  and  dLssect  a  number  of  specimens  ;  moreover, 
although  my  material  at  Trmg  is  very  large,  the  scries  from  Spain  and  that 
from  Northern  and  Central  France  are  very  poor.  I  therefore  cannot  at  present 
adopt  Dr.  Verity's  view,  but  consider  it  verj-  doubtful  indeed  if  podalirius  and 
feisthameli  can  be  considered  anything  more  than  two  very  distinct  subspecies 
of  one  species.  I  have  examined  536  specinicrs  of  podalirius  and  feisthameli 
in  the  Tring  Museum  and  those  in  the  British  Museum  and  others  ;  and  out 
of  this  large  number  of  nearly  650  specimens  from  the  whole  of  its  range,  I 
only  know  one  specimen  of  what  could  be  considered  true  podalirius  which  has 
been  taken  within  the  feisthameli  area,  and  this  is  a  Tangier  specimen  obtained 
by  Mr.  Meade- Waldo  now  in  the  British  Museum.  It  is  quite  reasonable  to 
suppose  that  this  specimen  is  a  reversion  to  an  ancestral  type  or  else  a 
variation  from  the  more  ancestral  form  to  the  more  recent,  whichever  view  is 
considered  the  more  consistent  with  the  known  facts  about  podaliritis  and 
feisthameli.  This  specimen  is  quite  similar  to  podalirivs  in  every  way,  but  is 
rather  large  even  for  a  female.] 

4.  Papilio  podalirius  feisthameh  Dup. 

Papilio  feisthameli  Duponchel  in  Godart's  Lipid,  de  France,  Kupp.  I.  p.  7.  t.  1.  f.  1  (1832)  (Perpignaa 
loc.  typ.  fixed  by  Pierret). 

There  are  two  distinct  seasonal  generations,  gen.  vern.  feisthameli  ard  gen. 
aest.  latteri  Aust.,  in  Barbary,  and  the  latter  is  at  once  distinguishable  by  its 
great  size  and  in  being  nearly  always  white,  while  the  $  feisthameli  is  generally 
pale  yellow. 

We  found  this  butterfly  abundar^t  in  the  neighbourhood  of  Alger  and  at 
Hammam  R'ihra  ;  but  elsewhere,  though  not  rare,  was  only  seen  singly.  At 
Tring  the  series  comprises  178  specimens  from  Mauretania. 


NOVITATES    ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV.     1017.  -1 

3  Mauretania  (Staudir.ger). 

8  Seksawa,  Morocco,   1905,  Riggenbach. 
2  Fenson,  Morocco. 

1  Zoudj-el-Beghal,  E.  Morocco,  July  1914,  Faroult. 
1  Masser  Mines,  June  1914,  Faroult. 
1  Lalla  Marnia.  Maj'  1914,  Faroult. 
I  Saida,  May  1914,  W.  R.  and  E.  H. 
25  Sidi-bel-Abbes,  April   1915-1916,  Rotrou. 

1  Sidi-bel-Abbes,  Austaut,  August  1878  (type  of  gen.  aest.  latteri). 

1.  Sebdou,  Austaut,  July  1880  (also  marked  "type,"  but  is  evidently  only 
a  subsequent  acquisition). 

42  Environs  d'Alger,  March— June  1908-1914,  W.  R.,  E.  H.,  and  K.  J.,  and 
Dr.  Nissen. 

2  Adrar  Amellal,  Gorges  de  Chabet,  June  1905,  Dr.  Nissen. 
7  Blida  Ics  Glacieres,  June  1908,  W.  R.  and  K.  J. 

17  Enviions  de  Batna,  July— August  1909-1915,  Nelva. 
2  Lambessa,  June  1905,  L.  Kuhlmann. 
7  ElKantara,  March— July  1911,  W.  R.,  E.  H.,  Faroult,  and  Cheli  Brahim. 

1  Constantine,  May  1908,  W.  R.  and  E.  H. 

4  Philippeville,  June  1905,  L.  Kuhlmann. 

31  Hammam  R'ihra,  April— May  and  August  1908-1916,  W.  R.,  E.  H., 
and  K.  J.,  and  Faroult. 

2  Hammam  Meskoutine,  May  1914,  W.  R.  and  K.  J. 

3  Souk  Ahras,  Apiil  1914,  W.  R.  and  K.  J. 
3  Ain  Draham,  1910,  Faroult. 

7  Djebel  Zaccar  above  Miliana,  August  1916,  Faroult. 

In  the  British  Museum  are  2  from  Mr.  Meade-Waldo  ;  1  Lieutenant  Codet, 
Sebdou,  1880-1882;  1  Mount  Thessala,  Province  Oran,  July  1880,  Austaut ; 
2  Mauretania  ex  coll.  Grum-Grshimailo  per  Elwes  ;  2  Algiers,  1  Morocco, 
Leech  coll. 

Mr.  Meade-Waldo  gives  the  following  data  in  his  article :  Amsmiz,  June 
1901  ;    Imentala,  July  1901. 

The  anal  rufous  red  patch  in  the  Spanish  and  Pyrenean  feisthameli  is 
broader  than  in  Mauretanian  ones,  but  is  not  at  all  like  that  in  podalirivs.  The 
gen.  aest.  latteri  only  occurs  in  Maureteftiia. 

Dr.  Verity,  in  his  "Revision  of  the  Linnean- Types,"  seeks  to  show  that 
Linnaeus'  type  of  Papilio  podalirius  is  the  Algerian  ab.  latteri,  but  as  I  am  not 
yet  quite  satisfied  on  this  point  I  have  not  adopted  the  change  of  name  in  this 
paper. 

5.  Thais  Tumina  mauretanica  Schultz. 

Thais  rumina  mauretanica  Schulz,  Int.  Entom.  Zeitsch.  Stuttgart,  vol.  xxi.  p.  267  (1908)  (Morocco 

Algeria). 

I  never  liad  anj'  luck  with  this  beautiful  insect,  for  we  always  were  too  late 
in  the  places  where  we  met  with  it  ;  so  that  the  series  of  specimens  collected 
by  ourselves  is  poor  in  quality  and  scanty  in  numbers.  We  found  a  few  larvae 
at  Hammam  R'ihra,  and  I  found  in  May  1909  two  larvae  at  Lac  Fetzara,  near 
Bone,  which  were  quite  black. 


72  XOVITATES    ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV.     1917. 

One  of  the  specimens  collected  by  E.  Deschanges  has  the  black  in  the  wuigs 
much  extended,  and  all  the  red  spots  of  the  forewings  are  absent  except  a  small 
red  dot  below  the  vitreous  patch  =  ab.  derubescens  Schultz.  Several  others  have 
the  red  on  the  forewings  niuch  reduced.  One  specimen  from  Oran  and  one  from 
Blida  les  Glacieres  are  of  the  aberration  canteneri  Stdgn.  One  of  Faroult's 
Ain  Draham  specunens  has  the  curious  quadrately  distorted  wings  as  figured 
by  Mr.  ObDithiir.  The  above-mentioned  canteneri  has  a  rather  j)crplexir.g 
synonymy. 

In  1861  Staudinger,  in  Staudinger  and  Wocke's  Catalog  der  Lepidopieren, 
Europas,  ed.  i.  p.  1.  No.  7,  thus  describes  it:  "ab.  Canteneri  Heydenreich  Catal 
(ab  ochracea),"  and  has  put  it  as  an  aberration  under  the  Spanish  and  Portu- 
guese race  Tlmis  rumiiia  riimina,  but  he  gives  no  type  locality. 

In  1864  C.  and  R.  Felder,  Verh.  K.  K.  Zool.  Bot.  Gesells.  vol.  xiv.  p.  330. 
No.  527,  give  a  "  var.  Canteneri  Heydenreich  lin.  litt.  .  .  .  Algeria,"  and  quote 
as  type  figure  Lucas'  T.  rumina  var.  in  the  Expl.  d'Alg.  Zool.  iii.  p.  346.  pi.  1. 
f.  1.  Now,  it  is  a  very  moot  point,  as  both  Staudinger  and  the  Felders  quote  as 
the  source  of  the  name  canteneri  the  same  manuscript  catalogue  of  Heydenreich 
and  Staudinger  gives  no  type  locality,  while  the  Felders  give  Algeria,  whether 
the  name  canteneri  ought  not  to  be  used  for  the  Mauretanian  form  of  rumina 
instead  of  mauretanica  Schultz.  This  can  only  be  decided  if  the  consensus  of 
opmion  agrees  as  to  which  of  these  two  authors  is  the  real  author  of  the  name, 
Staudinger  by  saying  "  ab.  ochracea  "  and  being  considered  to  have  fixed  the 
locality  by  placing  it  under  the  "forma  Iberica,"  or  the  Felders  by  actually 
quoting  a  type  locality  "Algeria"  and  by  quoting  a  figure  of  an  Algerian 
specimen  of  the  dark  orange  aberration.     The  series  at  Tring  number  100. 

1  Algeria,  Sandt  coll. 
22  Oran,  AprU  1913,  W.  R.,  E.  H. 

1  Santa  Cruz,  Oran,  February  1906,  Dr.  Nissen. 
45  Environs    d'Alger    (Hussein     Dey,    ilaison    Carree,    Femme    Sauvage), 
March— April  1905-1913,  Dr.  Nissen  and  Captam  Holl. 

8  Hammam  R'Uira,  4  April  1912,  W.  R.  and  K.  J.,  and  2  ex  larva  (larvae 
May  1908,  VV.  R.  and  K.  J.),  1  emerged  1909  and  the  other  1910  at  Tring  ;  2 
July  1916,  Faroult. 

3  Blida  les  Glacieres,  June  1908,  W.  R.  and  K.  J. 
12  Tlemcen,  April  1913,  W.  R.  and  E.  H. 
1  larva  Lac  Fetzara,  May  1909,  W.  R.  and  E.  H. 

3  larvae,  Hammam  R'ihra,  May  1911,  W.  R.  and  E.  H. 

In  the  British  Museum  are  : — 

1  <?  Sebdou,  Dr.  Codet,  1880—1882. 

4  Tangier,  Meade-Waldo. 

1  Bubana,  March  1901,  Meade-Waldo. 
3  Tangier,  Mr.  Blackmore. 

I  Mogador,  Leech.  (This  has  the  black  markings  much  reduced  and  the 
yellow  extended.) 

Mr.  Meadc-Waldo  in  his  article  quotes  only  Tangier,  February — April  1901, 
Miss  Fountaine  quotes  Teniet-el-Haad,  May,  June  1904,  in  addition  to  Hammam 
R'ihra  and  Blida  in  April.     Mr.  Blachier  gives  only  Tangier. 


NOVXTATES    ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV.     1017.  73 

6.  Aporia  crataegi  mauritanica  Oberth. 

Aporia  crataegi  mavritnnkn  Obertliiir,  Etiid.  Lepid.  Comp.  Fasc.  III.  p.  120  (1900)  (Algeria). 

Personally  we  only  eanie  across  this  butterfly  once  in  Algeria,  and  that  at 
Blida  ks  Glacieres  in  1908.     At  Tring  we  have  171  specimens. 
108  Blida  les  Glacieres,  June  1908,  W.  R.  and  K.  J. 
5  Foret  de  Taouriit  Ighil.  Kabylie,  June  1906.  Dr.  Nissen. 
1   Yakouren,  June  1906,  Dr.  Nissen. 
1  Foret  de  TAkfadou  Kabylie,  June  1906,  Dr.  Nissen. 
4  Batna,  May  1912,  Nelva. 
19  Seksawa,  Morocco,  April  1905,  W.  Riggenbach. 
33  Tiiougelt,  Batra.  May  1914,  A.  Nelva. 
1  larva.  Blida  les  Glacieres,  June  1908,  W.  R.  and  K.  J. 
This  subspecies  of  Aporia  crataegi  is  unrepresented  m  the  British  Museum. 
Miss  Fountaine  records  this  insect  from  Teniet-el-Haad,  May— June  1904. 

7.  Ganoris  brassicae  brassicae  (Linn). 

Papilio  brassicae  Linnaeus,  Syst.  Nat.  I.  p.  467.  No.  ,j8  (1758)  (Sweden). 

This  butterfly  is  faii-ly  abundant  north  of  the  Atlas  in  Algeria,  but  we  found 
it  much  rarer  to  the  south  and  never  got  it  in  any  of  the  oases  south  of  Biskra. 
The  Algerian,  Tunisian,  and  Moroccan  series  at  Tring  is  107. 

1  Ouled  Farsh,  Morocco. 

19  Mazagan,  Morocco,  March— April  1902,  W.  Riggenbach. 

2  Mwhoila  (Orange  Grove,  Oum-er-Rebia),  Mazagan,  April  1901,  Harteit 
and  Riggenbach. 

11  Shiadma,  Morocco,  March  1905,  W.  Riggenbach. 

3  Tamarouth,  Morocco,  June  1904,  W.  Riggenbach. 
3  Rabat,  Morocco,  1914,  A.  Thery. 

1  Morocco  (Marakesh),  1902,  W.  Riggenbach. 

2  Djebel  Tixa,  Morocco,  March  1905,  W.  Riggenbach. 
1  Cap  Blanco,  April  1902,  W.  Riggenbach. 

I  Mogador,  Staudinger. 

3  Oran,  April  1913,  W.  R.  and  E.  H. 

11  Environs   d'Alger,  February— August    1904-1913,  W.  R.,   E.   H.,  K.    J. 
and  Dr.  Nissen. 

1  Leila  Kredidja,  Kabylie,  July  1907,  Dr.  Nissen. 

1  Blida  les  Glacieres,  June  1908,  W.  R.  and  K.  J. 
17  Hammam  R'ihra,  May  1908-1913,  W.  R.,  E.  H.,  and  K.  J. 

1  Biskra,  March  1914,  W.  R.  and  E.  H. 

1  El  Kantara,  April  1908,  W.  R.  and  E.  H. 

1  Tlemcen,  AprU  1913,  W.  R.  and  E.  H. 

2  Constantine,  May  1908,  W.  R.  and  E.  H. 

21  Environs  de  Tunis,  March  and  April  1915,  E.  Blanc. 

4  Environs  de  Batna,  1914-1915,  A.  Nelva. 

Mr.  Gibbs  records  brassicae  also  from  Tlemcen,  May — June  1910. 
In  the  British  Museum  the  only  Mauretanian  brassicae  are  7  specimens  from 
Meade- Waldo. 

Mr.  Meade- Waldo  in  his  article  gives  Tangier,  December — August  1900-1902. 


74  NOVITATES    ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV.     1917. 

8.  Ganoris  rapae  mauritanica  (Verity). 

Pieria  rapae  mauritanica  Verity,  Rhopalocera  Palaearctica,  p.  155.  pi.  xxiii.  £f.  43,  44  (1908)  (Algeria). 

The  name  mauritanica  is  applied  by  Dr.  Verity  to  the  summer  generation, 
and  he  states  that  the  spring  generation  differs  from  gen.  vern.  leucotera  Stefan. 
from  Italy  in  having  the  cellular  light  and  dark  streaks  on  the  underside  of 
the  hindwings  much  less  strongly  developed.  We  have  a  Mauretanian  series 
of  274  at  Tring. 

5  Mogador,   Staudinger. 

4  Truchan,  Morocco,  April  1904,  W.  Riggenbach. 

2  Seksawa,  Morocco,  April  1905,  W.  Riggenbach. 

3  Rabat,  Morocco,  1914,  A.  Thery. 

2  Mtonga,  Morocco,  May  1904,  VV.  Riggenbach. 

27  Mazagan,  Morocco,  May  1902,  W.  Riggenbach. 

3  Ouled  Farsh,  Morocco,  May  1905,  W.  Riggenbach. 

3  Tamarouth,    Morocco,    June    1904,    W.    Riggenbach. 

1  Nedroma,  Prov.  Oran,  May  1914,  Faroult. 

4  Lalla  ILirnia,  December  and  May   1914,  Faroult. 

2  Masser  Mines,  May  1914,  Faroult. 

1  Tlemcen,  AprO   1913,  W.  R.  and  E.  H. 

3  Ain  Sefra,  May  1913,  W.  R.  ard  E.  H. 

4  Saida,  May   1913,  W.  R.  and  E.  H. 

2  Titen  Yaya,  May  1915,  Rotrou. 

5  Oran,  April  1913,  W.  R.  and  E.  H. 

39  Envh-ons  d'Alger.  February  ar.d  May  1908-1911,  W.  R.,  E.  H.,  K.  J., 
and  Dr.  Nissen. 

5  Leila  Kredidja,  Kabylie,  July   1907-1908,  Dr.  Nissen. 
10  Blida  les  Glacieres,  June   1908,  W.  R.  and  K.  J. 

28  Hammam  Rihra,  May  1908-1913,  W.  R.,  E.  H.,  and  K.  J. 
4  Guelt-es-Stel,  April  1913,  Faroult. 

2  Bou  Saada,  May  1911,  Faroult. 

1  El  Golea,  March  1912,  E.  H.  and  C.  H. 

1  Ouargla,  June  1914,  Geyr  von  Schweppenburg. 

1  Bled-et-Amar,  Slarch   1912,  E.  H.  and  C.  H. 

7  Touggourt,  February  and  April  1909  and  1912,  W.  R.,  E.  H.,  and  K.  J. 
44  Biskra,  February— April  1908-1914,  W.  R.  and  E.  H. 
42  El   Kantara,    Feljruary— April,    June,    July    1908-1911,    W.    R.,    E.    H., 
and  Cheli  Brahim. 

6  Batna,  May  1909-1914,  W.  R.,  E.  H.,  and  Nelva. 

3  Constantine,  May  1908,  W.  R.  and  E.  H. 

3  Hammam  Meskoutine,  April— May  1909-1914,  W.  R.,  E.  H.,  and  K.  J. 
1  Souk  Ahras,  April  1914,  W.  R.  and  K.  J. 
12  Environs  de  Tunis,  March— April— June   1915-1916,  E.  Blanc. 

The  British  Museum  contains  7  specimens  collected  by  Meade-Waldo, 
the  2  from  the  Atlas  being  very  small ;  1  Constantine,  April  1882,  and  1 
Batna,  May  1882,  H.  J.  Ehves. 

Mr.  Meade- Waldo  in  his  article  gives  Tangier,  March  1901  ;  Klatsa,  May 
1901  j    and  Saffi,  August   1901. 


NOVITATES    ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV,     1917.  75 

9.  Pieris  napi  atlantica,  subspec.  nov. 

The  form  found  at  Blida  les  Glacieres  and  in  the  Kabylie  is  very  distinct. 
It  differs  from  European  specimens  by  being  ver}'  white  above,  as  the  vems 
are  not  marked  with  black  or  grey  and  the  black  spots  on  the  forewing  are 
very  much  larger,  and  below  there  is  hardly  any  trace  of  the  green  on  and  around 
the  nervures  of  the  hindwing.  AVe  our,,selves  have  only  taken  it  at  Blida  les 
Glaciere.s,  but  Dr.  Nissen  has  taken  it  in  the  Kabylie,  and  I  have  one  said  to 
have  been  taken  by  Faroult  in  Tunis.  My  single  Moroccan  specimen  has  more 
pointed  forewings  and  is  more  yellowish  above,  but  I  cannot  judge  from  one 
specimen.  Mr.  Gibbs  records  napi  atlantica  also  from  Blida.  We  have  of  this 
17  at  Tring. 

10  Blida  les  Glacieres,  June  19U8  and  1912,  W.  R.,  K.  J.,  and  Dr.  Nissen. 

5  Col  de  Chrea,  July   1912,  Dr.  Nissen. 

1  Tamarouth,  Morocco,  June   1904,  W.  Riggenbach. 

1  Tunis,  June   15th,   1913  {fide  Faroult). 

In  the  British  Museum  there  are  no  specimens  of  7iapi  from  North-west 
Africa. 

Miss  Fountaine  records  it  in  May  both  from  Blida  and  Teniet-el-Haad.  With 
the  exception  of  L.  glauconome  and  Teracolus  chrysonome,  this  is  the  rarest  of 
the  North  African  Pieridae,  though  G.  rhamni  is  not  much  commoner. 

10.  Leucochloe  glauconome  glauconcme  (Klug). 

Pontia  glauconutne  Klug,  Symb.  Phys.  Fol.  h.  No.  12.  T^ib.  vii.  flf.  18.  19  (1829)  (Mount  .Siaai,  on 
Erigerum  denticulatum). 

Before  Dr.  Ernst  Hartert  obtained  the  two  specimens  enumerated  below, 
the  only  Mauretanian  record  was  the  specimen  obtained  by  the  late  Roland 
Trinien  at  Constantine.  The  two  mentioned  below  and  two  from  Assouan  are 
all  we  have  at  Tring   of  true  glauconome. 

1  North  of  Aiii  Guettara,  April   1912,  E.  H.  and  C.  H. 

1  South  Oued  Mya,  May  1912,  E.  H.  and  C.  H. 

11.  Leucochloe  daplidice  albidice  (Oberth.). 

Pieris  daplidire  var.  albidice  Oberthur,  Etiid.  d'Entom.  Fasc.  VI.  p.  47  (1881)  (Algeiie,  Prov.  Con- 
stantine Sud). 

Mr.  Charles  Oberthiir,  in  hLs  Etudes  de  Lepidopterologie  Comparee,  Fasc. 
III.  pp.  122-125  (1909),  has  pointed  out  that  Esper  and  Freyer's  Pieris  raphani, 
which  Staudinger  and  most  of  us  following  him  accepted  as  bemg  the  southern 
race  of  daplidice  Luin.,  and  therefore  having  priority  over  Oberthiir's  albidice, 
is  really  Belenois  hellica  (Linn.).  This  was  also  known  to  the  late  Mr.  W.  F. 
Kirby,  for  we  find  in  his  Catalogue  of  Diurnal  Lepidoptera,  p.  452,  raphoni  Esp. 
as  a  synonym  under  hellica. 

In  my  article  on  Dr.  Hartert's  de.sert  trip,  Nov.  Zool.  vol.  xx.  pp.  110-111 
(1913),  and  in  Nov.  Zool.  vol.  xxi.  pp.  299-330  (1914),  ui  the  preliminary 
account  of  the  fauna  of  Guelt-es-Stel,  I  most  unfortunately  committed  another 
mistake  ;  for  although  I  did  not  commit  the  error  of  mistaking  raphani  for 
albidice,  I  used  it  for  the  form  of  daplidice  inhabiting  the  northern  and  southern 


76  XoviTATES  ZooLonirAE  XXIV.    1917. 

borders  of  the  Mediterranean.  Now  that  we  are  all  agreed  that  raphani  is  not 
a  form  of  daplidice,  it  remains  to  be  seen  what  the  North  African  daplidice  ought 
to  be  called.  Mv.  Oberthiir  rather  begs  the  question  by  treating  his  own  albidice 
in  Fasc.  X.  of  the  Etudes  as  a  mere  aberration  because  it  occurs  sporadically  in 
Spain,  Italy,  and  South  France.  The  matter  cannot  rest  there  ;  whereas  albidice 
is  only  a  rare  aberration  north  of  the  Mediterranean,  it  occurs  regularly  in 
considerable  numbers  south  of  the  Mediterranean,  and  in  the  desert  from  Biskia 
and  Laghouat  southwards  by  far  the  largest  number  of  specimens  are  either 
albidice  or  intermediates  between  that  and  the  normal  Mediterranean  daplidice. 
Staudinger  in  such  cases  got  over  the  difficulty  by  prefixing  the  term  var.  et 
ab.  before  the  name  of  such  forms,  which  in  one  district  appeared  as  individual 
aberrations  and  in  others  as  a  good  local  race.  This  we  cannot  do,  as  the  "  Inter- 
national Rules  of  Nomenclature"  decree  thatlocal  races  must  be  named  t  rinomially , 
while  aberrati(3iml  names  must  have  the  abbreviation  ab.  put  before  them. 
As  it  is  a  fact  that  a  large  proportion  of  the  Algerian  daplidice  really  are  always 
albidice,  I  think  it  is  quite  clear  that  we  must  treat  the  Mauretanian  daplidice 
as  a  distinct  subspecies  under  the  name  L.  daplidice  albidice  (Oberth.). 

We  personally  have  never  met  with  it  in  any  numbers  north  of  the  desert, 
but  Dr.  Hartert  found  it  very  common  from  Touggourt  to  the  south,  and  the 
only  place  I  s;;w  it  in  fair  numbers  was  at  Berrian.  At  Tring  the  series  from 
Mauretania  is  271. 

1  Tamarouth,  Morocco,  June   1904,   W.  Riggenbach. 

1  Mazagan,  Morocco,  August    1900,   W.   Riggenbach. 

2  Skiadma,  Morocco,  March  1905,  W.  Riggenbach. 

6  Mogador,  Staudinger. 

2  Lalla  Marnia,  December   1914,  Faroult. 
8  Ain  Sefra,  May  1913,  W.  R.  and  E.  H. 

3  Saida,  May  1913,  W.  R.  and  E.  H. 

3  Tifrit,  May  1913,  W.  R.  and  E.  H. 

4  Titen  Yaya,  June  and  August   1915,  Rotrou. 

7  Oran,  April  1913,  W.  R.  and  E.  H. 

2  Environs  d'Alger,  May— June  1911,  W.  R.  and  E.  H. 

69  Guelt-es-Stel,  April— September  1912-1913,  W.  R.  and  K.  J.  and  Faroult. 
1  Hammam  R'ihra,  May  1916,  Faroult. 
4  Puits  Baba,  May   1913,  Faroult. 

7  Berrian.  April  1911,  W.  R.  and  E.  H. 

41  Ghardaia,  April— May   1911-1914,  W.   R.,   E.   H.,   and  C.  H. 
22  El  Hadadra,  May  1912,  E.  H.  and  C.  H. 

3  El  Arich,  June  1912,  E.  H.  and  C.  H. 

1  Bled-et-Amar,  March  1912,  E.  H.  and  C.  H. 

4  Djcbel  Kerdada,  May   1912,  Faroult. 

3  Biskra,  March— AprU  1911-1914,  W.  R.,  E.  H.,  and  C.  H. 
31  El  Kaiitara,  April— June  1908-1909,  W.  R.  and  E.  H.  and  Cheh  Brahim. 

6  Batna,  April   1908-1914,  W.  R.  and  E.  H.  and  Nelva. 
19  Khenchela,  May— June  1911-1912,  W.  R.  and  K.  J.  and  Faroult. 

3  Cbnstantine,  May   1908,  W.  R.  and  E.  H. 

3  Djelfa,  May   1913,  Faroult. 

8  N.  of  Ain  Guettara,  April  1912,  E.  H.  and  C.  H. 


NOVITATES    ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV.     1917.  77 

2  Ain  Draham,  Tunisia,  March   1909. 

6  Environs  de  Tunis,  March — May   1915,  E.   Blanc. 

The  British  Museum  possesses  3  from  the  Meade-Waldo  collection- ;  3 
from  Lambessa,  May  1882;  1  Constantine,  April  1882,  J.  H.  Elwes  ;  and  2 
from   Biskra,    May    1885. 

L.  Bleuse  ex  Oberthiir  coll.  ex  Grum-Grshimailo  cfill.  Mr.  Meade-Waldo 
in  his  article  quotes  Wad  Moorbey  (nom  rect.  Oum-er-Rebia),  June  1901  ;  Sould 
Jedid  and  Tsauritz  Entsagauz,  July  1901. 


12.  Euchloe  belia  (Linn.). 

Papilio  belia  Linnaeus,  Syst.  Nat.  I.  p.  701.  No.  84  (1767)  (Barbaria). 

Both  Mr.  Oberthiir  and  I  have  declared  that  we  feel  sure  that  the  name 
hdia  Liim.  applies  to  the  ?  of  the  insect  described  by  him  on  p.  762  of  the  above- 
quoted  work,  namely  euphero  Linn.,  and  therefore  Cramer's  application  of  it 
to  another  insect,  which  has  been  followed  by  Staudiiiger,  Dr.  Verity,  and 
most  other  lepidopterists,   cannot  possibly  be  accepted. 

Staudinger  asserts  that  belia  Linn,  is  unrecognisable  and  doubtful,  and 
therefore  is  a  nomen  nudum.  I  have  before  shown  (Nov.  Zool.  vol.  xxi.  p.  301 
(1914))  that  the  name  helia  Liun.  is  not  doubtful,  and  BIi-.  Oberthur  goes  even 
further  by  quoting  verbatim  Lmnaeus'  original  diagnosis. 

Now,  apart  from  the  fact  that  Brander,  the  Swedish  Consul,  who  sent  to 
Linnaeus  all  his  Algerian  insects,  could  not  go  much  beyond  the  limits  of  the 
town  of  Algiers,  and  therefore  could  never  have  been  near  the  haunts  of  T. 
nauna,  the  only  other  white  butterfly  with  orange  tifs  found  hi  Algeria,  i.e. 
Biskra  and  interior  of  the  Province  of  Oran,  the  word  in  the  description  de- 
scribmg  the  underside  of  the  hindwing  ought  to  have  told  anyone  but  a  wilfully 
obtuse  person  that  belia  could  only  apply  to  the  Euchloe.  This  word  flavissime, 
when  translated  mto  English,  reads  intense  yellow,  and  therefore  could  not 
apply  to  the  Teracolus,  in  which  the  underside  of  the  hindwing  in  the  spring 
brood  is  dirty  pink,  and  in  the  summer  brood  is  white,  huffish  white,  or  dirty 
pale  buff,  but  never  intense  yellow. 

The  series  at  Triiig  principally  exhibits  variation  in  the  width  and  presence 
or  absence  of  the  black  borders  to  the  orange  apex  of  the  forewuigs.  1  S  and 
1  ?  from  Guelt-es-Stel  have  the  apices  of  the  forewings  almost  completely  black 
and  1  ?  from  there  has  the  orange  patch  as  big  as  in  the  rjj,  but  without  the 
black  borders  as  in  the  5$,  of  b.  androgyne  Leech.  The  Tring  series  numbers 
757.  The  S  from  Blidah  (Faroult,  1916)  is  pale  lemon-yellow,  and  the  orange 
of  the  apices  is  replaced  by  very  pale  pmk. 

1  Afrique  !  ! 

1  Algdrie  ! 

1  Morocco  ?  ? 

1  Mauretania,  ex  Staudinger  (xanthic  ?). 
35  Masser  Jlines,  May  1914,  Faroult. 

8  Lalla  Marnia,  AprU  1914,  Faroult. 
45  Tlemcen,  April  1913,  W.  R.  and  E.  H. 

1  Tifrit,  near  Saida,  May  1913,  W.  R.  and  E.  H. 


78  XOVITATES    ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV.    1917. 

29  Oran,  April  1913,  W.  R.  and  E.  H. 

63  Environs  d'Alger,  March— May  1908-1914,  W.  R.,  E.  H.,  K.  J.,  and 
Dr.  Ni.ssen. 

18  Blida  les  Glacieres,  June  1908  and  April  1916,  W.  R.,  K.  J.,  and  Faroult. 

10  Hammam  R'ihra,  AprU— May  1908-1916,  W.  R.,  E.  H.,  and  K.  J.,  and 
Faroult. 

72  Bsrrouaghia,  April  1914,  Faroult. 
310  Guelt-es-Stel,  April  1913,  Faroult. 

2  Djelfa,  May  1913,  Faroult. 

7  El  Kantara,  May  1908-1911,  W.  R.,  E.  H.,  and  Faroult. 
17  Khenchela,  May  1912,  W.  R.  and  K.  J. 

27  Lambessa,  May  1909,  W.  R.  and  E.  H. 

36  Batna,  Jlay  1909-1914,  W.  R.,  E.  H.,  and  Nelva. 

7  Constantine,  May  1908,  W.  R.  and  E.  H. 
22  Hammam  Meskoutine,  April— May  1914,  W.  R.  and  K.  J. 

28  Souk  Ahras,  April  1914,  W.  R.  and  K.  J. 
1  Ain  Draham,  Tunisia. 

6  Envii-ons  de   Tunis,  April — June   1916,   E.   Blanc. 
5  Djebel  Zaccar,  above  Miliana,  June   1916,  Faroult. 

3  Djebel  Mekter,  Ain  Sefra,  May  1913,  E.  H.  and  C.  H. 

The  Djebel  Mekter  ?,  two  from  the  Environs  d' Alger,  and  three  from  Guelt- 
es-Stel,  have  almost  as  wide  orange  apices  to  the  forewing  as  9  b.  androgyne 
Leech,  but  are  not  so  large,  and  the  lemon  suffusion  of  the  hindwing  is  absent  ; 
these  may  be  called  ab.  intermedia  ab.  no  v. 

The  British  Museum  has  the  following  specimens  :  5  Algiers,  Leech  coll.  ; 
2  Lambessa,  AprU  ;  2  Constantine,  AprU  ;  1  El  Kantara,  May  ;  1  PhUippevUle, 
May  188'2,  H.  J.  Elwes  ;  9  Khenchela,  AprU— May  1906,  Lord  Walsingham  ; 
7  Meade-Waldo  ;  4  Tangier,  Druce  coll.  ex  Salvui  Godman  coll.  ;  1  Tangier, 
Leech  coll.  ;    1  Tangier,  AprU  1896,  H.  J.  Elwes  ;   4  Tangier,  Mr.  Blackmore. 

Mr.  Jleade- Waldo  gives  in  his  article  the  following  data  :  Tangier,  March — 
AprU  1901  ;    Hawara,  May  1901. 


12a.  Ehichloe  belia  androgyne  (Leech). 

Anlhocharis  eupheno  var.  androgyne  Leech,  P.Z.S.  1886.  p.  122  (Mogador). 

This  subspecies  of  belia  appears  to  be  confined  to  the  low  country  and 
littoral  of  the  Atlantic  coast  of  Morocco  ;  the  o  is  larger  and  has  less  marking 
on  the  underside  of  the  hindwings ;  the  ?  is  very  different,  having  the  orange 
tip  extending  inwards  as  far  as  the  discocellular  stigma,  and  the  hindwings 
suffused  with  lemon-yellow.     The  Tring  series  consists  of  13  specimens  (2  $$). 

10  Ouled  Farsh,  Morocco,  February — May   1901,  W.  Riggenbach. 

1  Skiadma,  March  1905,  W.  Riggenbach. 

2  Djebel  Chedar,  February   1902,  W.  Riggenbach. 

The  British  Museum  possesses  14  specimens  from  Mogador  Leech  coll. 
Mr.  Meade- Waldo  quotes  in  his  article  1  $  Forest  of  Marmora  (near  Rabat), 
March  1902. 


NOVITATES    ZOOLOGItAE    XXIV.    1917.  79 


13.  Euchloe  charlonia  (Donzel). 

Anthocharis  charlonia  Donzel,  Ann.  Soc.  Entom.  France,  vol.  11.  p.  197.  pi.  viii.  f.  I  (1842)  (Emsilah, 
Algeria). 

There  appear  to  be  three  generations  of  this  species  in  the  year,  but  they 
differ  very  little,  that  in  autumn  generally  having  the  largest  number  of  large 
individuals.     There  are  in  the  Tring  Museum  1,091  specimens  from  Mauretania. 

2  Mauretania,   Staiidinger. 

7  Mogador,  Staudinger. 

1  Skiadma,  Morocco,  March  1905,  W.  Riggenbach. 

1  Djebel  Tixa,  Morocco,  March  1905,  W.  Riggenbach. 

7  Masser  Mines,  May  1914,  Faroult. 

18  Lalla  Marnia,  May  and  December   1914,  Faroult. 
26  Aiu  Sefra,  May  1913,  W.  R.  and  E.  H. 

5  Titen  Yaya,  November  1914— May  1915,  Rotrou. 

1  Sidi-bel- Abbes,   November    1914,   Rotrou. 
12  Berrouaghia,  April  1914,  Faroult. 

6  Boghari,  April  1911-1913,  W.  R.,  E.  H.,  K.  J.,  and  Faroult. 
596  Guelt-es-Stel,  March— November  1912-1913,  Faroult. 

2  Djelfa,  May  1914,  E.  H.  and  C.  H. 

69  Laghouat,  April  1911,  W.  R.  and  E.  H. 

2  Tilghempt,   April    1912,   Faroult. 

17  Berrian,  April  1911,  W.  R.  and  E.  H. 

7  Ghardaia,  April  1911,  W.  R.  and  E.  H. 
58  Bou  Saada,  March — May   1911,  Faroult. 

3  Nga-bffn-Rzig,  February  1912,  E.  H.  and  C.  H. 
2  Ourh,  February  1912,  E.  H.  and  C.  H. 

9  Bordj  Chegga,  February  1912,  E.  H.  and  C.  H. 

19  Col  de  Sfa,  Biskra,  March  1911,  W.  R.  and  E.  H. 

1  Fontaine  Chaude,  Biskia,  April  1909,  W.  R.  and  E.  H. 
24  Biskra,  March  1908-1914,  W.  R.  and  E.  H.  and  Arab  native. 

70  El  Outaya,  February— March  1911,  Farouh. 

153  El  Kantara,  March— June  1908-1911,  W.  R.  and  E.  H.,  Faroult,  and 
Cheli  Brahim. 

1  Gorges  de  Tilatou,  March   1909,  W.  R.  and  E.  H. 
9  Khenchela,  May  1912,  W.  R.  and  K.  J. 

2  Environs  de  Batna,   Nelva. 

The  British  Museum  has  the  following  specimens  from  Mauretania :  6 
Algeria,  Crowley  bequest  ;  2  Envhons  de  Batna,  Elwes  coll.  ;  2  Algeria,  Stau- 
dinger-Salvm-Godman  coll.  ;  5  Biskia,  February  1894,  Rev.  A.  E.  Eaton  ; 
February  1902,  Lord  Walsingham  ;  5  El  Kantara,  JNIay  1882,  Elwes  coll.  ;  1 
Bou  Saada,  R.  Oberthiir,  1875,  Elwes  coll.  ;  1  Oran,  Elwes  coll.  ;  1  Shietia, 
Tunisia,  G.  C.  Champion  ;    2  North  Africa,  Hewitson  coll. 

Lieutenant  Holl,  son  of  the  late  Captain  HoU,  told  me  he  saw  this  insect 
much  south  of  Ghardaiii,  halfway  between  there  and  El  Golea. 


gQ  NOVITATES    ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV.     1917. 

14.  Euchloe  tagis  pechi  (Stand.). 

Anthocharis  pechi  Staudinger,  EtUom.  Xachr.  vol.  11.  \<.  10  (1885)  (I.ambe»sa). 

Till  \ve  found  pechi  at  Gnelt-es-Stel.  it  had  only  be'-n  obtained  by  Pech  at 
Lambe.ssa,  and  by  Miss  Fountaine  and  Mrs.  I\I.  dc  la  P.  Nicholl  at  El  Kantara 
and  Lambessa,  and  two  or  three  odd  speeimers  at  El  Kantara  by  others.  It 
has  only  been  obtained  in  addition  by  Faroult  at  B.-rrouaghia,  so  its  range 
seems  not  only  limited  to  the  Hants  Plateaux  of  the  Provinces  of  Alger  and 
Constantine,  but  even  here  to  be  very  local  and  sporadic  in  its  distribution. 

Mr.  Charles  Oberthiir  is  of  opinion  that  this  elegant  little  insect  is  a  very 
distinct  species,  while  Dr.  Verity  is  convinced  that  it  is  only  the  Algerian  form 
of  tagis.  I  personally  agree  with  Dr.  Verity,  for  I  have  specimens  at  Tring  and 
there  are  in  the  British  Museum  specimens  of  tagis  tagis  and  tagis  hisitanica 
which  are  extremely  similar  to  pechi  on  the  underside  of  the  hindwing,  while 
there  is  one  specimen  in  the  British  Museum  of  tagis  iusitanica  which,  except 
for  being  larger,  is  almost  identical  with  pechi  both  above  and  below.  However, 
a  careful  study  of  the  genitalia  of  pechi,  tagis,  ausonia,  and  insularis  is  the  only 
method  by  which  the  specific  relationship  of  these  highly  interesting  and  puzzling 
forms  can  be  settled  once  for  all.  The  two  insects  called  tagis  algirica  Oberth. 
and  tagis  mauretanica  Rober  remain  to  be  noticed.  Mr.  Charles  Oberthiir  is 
convinced  they  represent  the  West  Algerian  and  East  Algerian  races  of  tagis, 
while  Dr.  Verity  has  put  them  down  as  aberrations  of  ausonia.  I  am  persuaded 
that  the  latter  is  right,  because  among  my  huge  series  of  aitsonia  from  Guelt- 
es-Stel  (1,363  specimens)  there  are  specimens  agreeing  with  algirica  Oberthiir 
and  mauretanica  Rober,  and  also  many  intergradations. 

I  will  further  consider  this  question,  which  affects  the  nomerx-lature  princi- 
pally, under  the  next  species. 

The  El  Kantara  specimens  in  the  Briti>h  Museum  have  entirely  sooty- 
black  apices  to  the  forewings,  which  seems  to  show  that  there  is  a  tendency 
to  variation  in  the  eastern  localities,  for  Staudinger's  tjpe  is  also  mere  black 
at  the  apices  than  any  of  my  Guelt-es-Stel  and  Berrouaghia  examples.  There 
are  265  specimens  at  Trmg. 

261  Guelt-es-Stel,   February— March    1911-1914,    W.  R.   and  E.  H.,   Faroult 
and  Dr.  Nissen  (some  ex  larva  iide  Faroult  !  !). 
4  Berrouaghia,  April  1914,  Faroult. 

In  the  British  Museum  are  2  specimens,  El  Kantara,  February — March 
1902,  Miss  Fountaine. 

[Euchloe  ausonia  Hiibn.   (  =  helia  Cram,  and  auct.  nee  Linn.). 

In  NoviTATKs  ZooLOGiCAE,  vol.  xxi.  pp.  301-305  (1914),  I  gave  a  long  ex- 
planation of  the  muddle  into  which  Euchloe  ausonia  Hiibn.  =  belia  auct.  plur. 
had  been  brought,  and  gave  a  table  of  the  Western  Palaearctic  forms.  In  this 
article  I  divided  this  "  species,"  i.e.  group  of  local  races,  uito  two  sections  ; 
Group  I.  the  forms  with  only  a  single  yearly  generation  or  brood,  which  both 
in  the  Old  World  and  the  New  are  alpine  and  high  mountain  forms,  and  Group  II. 
the  forms  with  two  yearly  generations  or  broods,  and  in  which  the  two  seasonal 
forms  are   very  distinct.     As   in   Mauretania   there   are  no   representatives   of 


NOVITATES    ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV.     1917.  81 

Group  I.,  I  will  not  recapitulate  the  names  of  these  forms  ;  but  as  I  appear  to 
have  rather  carelessly  followed  dates  pure  and  simple  instead  of  going  as  care- 
fully into  the  details  given  by  certain  authors  as  I  ought  to  have  done,  I  will 
here  repeat  the  table  of  Group  II.,  emphasising  by  the  type  those  names  which 
require  reviewing. 

Grotjt  II. 
Enchloe  aasonia  crameri  Butl. 
gen.  vern.  crameri  Butl. 
gen.  aest.  ALHAIffBRA  Ribbe. 
Spain  and  North  Algeria. 

Enchloe  ansonia  esperi  Kir  by. 

gen.  vern.  kirbyi  Rothsch. 
gen.  aest.  esperi  Kirby. 
Central  and  Southern  France. 

Enchloe  ansonia  matntia  Turati. 
gen.  vern.  matutia  Turati. 
gen.  aest.  turatii  Rothsch. 
Riviera  from  Hyeres  to  Genoa. 

Enchloei  ansonia  romana  Calberla. 

gen.  vern.  romana  Calberla. 
gen.  aest.  romanides  Verity. 
Tuscany  and  Central  Italy. 

Enchloe  ansonia  kmegeri  Turati. 

gen.  vern.  kruegeri  Turati. 
gen.  aast.  trinacriae  Turati. 
Sicily. 

EncUog  ansonia  graeca  Staudinger. 
gen.  vern.  graeca  Staudinger. 
gen.  aest.  maxima  Verity. 
Greece  and  Black  Sea  Coast. 

Enchloe  ansonia  CBAMEKIA  Butl. 
gen.  vern.  CKAMERIA  Butl. 
gen.  aest.  taurica  Rober. 


Asia  Minor. 


Palestine. 


Egypt. 
6 


Enchloe  ansonia  triangnla  Verity, 
gen.  vern.   triangula  Verity, 
gen.  aestiv.  melisanda  Fruhst. 

Enchloe  ansonia  aegyptiaca  Verity, 
gen.  vern.  aegyptiaca  Verity, 
gen.  aest.  ? 


82  NOVITATES    ZOOLOCICAE    XXIV.     1917. 

£uchloe  ansonia  MEIiAirOCHLOBOS  Rober. 

gen.   veru.   algirica   Obertli. 
gen.   aest.   melanochloros  Rober. 

Central  and  South  Algeria. 

Before  proceeding  to  rectify  the  three  .serious  errors  into  which  I  had  fallen 
I  should  lilce  to  pomt  out  the  reason  whj'  I  gave  no  diagnosis  of  the  two  new 
names  given  in  this  table.  I  concluded  that  the  giving  of  the  prefix  gen.  aest. 
and  gen.  vem.  was  sufficient  diagnosis,  for  the  difference  between  spring  and 
summer  generation  is  the  same  in  all  subspecies,  i.e.  the  summer  brood  differs 
from  the  spring  brood  in  all  cases  by  larger  size,  more  creamy  upperside,  and 
the  green  pattern  on  the  underside  more  "  run  "  and  irregular,  while  the  green 
is  strongly  suffused  with  yellow,  whereas  each  generation  of  one  subspecies  differs 
from  the  corresponding  generation  of  the  typical  race  by  the  same  differences. 

Now,  the  fu-st  error  I  committed  was  not  to  read  carefully  Ribbe's  description 
of  his  alhawhra.  If  I  had  done  so,  instead  of  applying  the  name  merely  from 
the  locality  to  summer  Andalusian  specimens  received  from  Ribbe,  I  should 
have  discovered  that  alhambra  was  applied  to  an  aberration  with  reduced  white 
spots  and  increased  green  markings  of  both  spring  and  summer  generations 
of  crameri.  This  necessitates  giving  a  name  to  the  Spanish  and  North  African 
summer  brood,  and  I  propose  to  call  it  butleri  ;  so  that  this  subspecies  must 
stand  in  the  table  as  follows  : 

Euchloe  ansonia  crameri  Butl. 

gen.  vern.  cra7neri  Butl. 
gen.  aest.  butleri  Rothsch. 
Spain  and  North  Africa  (north  of  Atlas). 

The  second  mistake  I  have  made  is  that  I  read  too  hastily  the  synonymy 
under  Euchloe  crameria  in  the  Catalogue  of  Diurnal  Lepidoptera  described  by 
Fabricius,  or  I  should  have  seen  that,  whereas  I  thought  Mr.  Butler  was  here 
renaming  Cramer's  belia  ox  Asia  Minor,  crameria  is  only  a  misquotation  of  the 
name  crameri  given  to  a  specimen  labelled  "  Germany,  J.  J.  Becker,"  but  really 
from  some  part  of  the  Iberian  peninsula. 

Thus  here  again  the  spring  brood  of  the  Asia  Minor  race  (which  is  belia 
Cram,  (type  locality  Smyrna))  requires  a  new  name,  and  I  propose  the  name 
originalis  for  it.  This  Asia  Minor  subspecies  will  therefore  have  to  be  altered 
m  the  key  to : 

Euchloe  ausonia  taurica  Rober. 


gen.  vern.   originalis  Rothsch. 
gen.  aest.  taurica  Rober. 


Asia  Minor. 


The  greatest  mistake,  however,  which  I  perpetrated  is  in  connection  with 
the  Central  and  South  Algerian  form  ;  and  as  I  had  been  special!}'  studying  this 
race  I  consider  my  error  most  unjustifiable,  even  though  tlie  .synonymy  of  the 
North  African  races  was  so  entangled.  Fir.st  of  all,  from  the  fact  that  most  of 
ray  May  specimens  of  Algerian  ausonia  are  already  belonging  to  the  summer 


NOVITATES    ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV.     1!I17.  83 

generation,  I  jumped  to  the  conclusion  that  Rober's  melanochloros  must  be  an 
aberrtation  of  the  summer  brood.  Instead  of  which  it  was  founded  on  very 
late  individuals  of  the  spring  brood,  wViich  were  remarkable  for  the  reduction 
of  the  white  spots  in  the  green  of  the  hindwings  ;  in  fact,  Rober  gave  two  names 
to  the  same  insect,  viz.  belia  melanochloros  to  actual  specimens  or  a  description 
he  had  of  Batna  individuals  captured  in  May,  and  tagis  mauretanica,  which 
he  gave  to  the  figure  of  pechi  Oberth.  nee  Stdgr.,  which  was  captured  by  J.  Merkl 
at  Lambessa  in  April.  As  there  are  specimens  of  both  melanochloros  Rober 
and  algirica  Oberth.  among  the  spring  brood  of  ausonia  from  Guelt-es-Stel, 
and  intermediates  between  these  and  the  typical  individuals  of  this  race,  it  is 
quite  clear  that  they  are  only  extreme  aberrations,  and  however  regrettable  it 
is,  there  being  only  these  two  names  available  for  the  Central  and  South  Algerian 
race,  and  algirica  Oberth.  being  the  oldest,  the  subspecific  name  becomes 
Euchloe  ausonia  algirica  Oberth.  Now,  as  both  these  names  were  applied  only 
to  the  spring  brood,  the  summer  brood  is  without  a  name,  and  I  propose  to 
call  it  pscudonyvms,  and  this  subspecies  must  be  altered  in  the  table  to  : 

Enchloe  ausonia  algirica  Oberth. 
gen.   vern.  algirica  Oberth. 
gen.  aest.   pseudonymus  Rothsch. 
Central  and  South  Algeria. 

The  higher  Atlas  specimens  of  ausonia  sometimes  stand  somewhat  in  between 
the  two  North  African  local  races,  as  was  to  be  expected.] 

15.  Euchloe  ausonia  crameri  Butl. 

Euchioe  crameri  Butl.,  Entom.  Month.  Mag.  vol.  v.  p.  271.  No.  2  (1869)  (South  Europe  !  !). 

This  is  the  form  which  occurs  on  the  littoral,  in  the  Tell,  and  on  the  northern 
slopes  of  the  Northern  Atlas  chain  ;  it  is  quite  similar  to  Spanish  and  Portu- 
guese specimens,  and  does  not  appear  to  be  quite  so  variable  as  the  next  form. 

1  Rabat,  Morocco,   1914,  A.  Thery.x 
39  Moroccan  Frontier,  May   1914,  Faroult.x 
49  Masser  Mines,   May   1914,  Faroult.x 

7  Nedroma,  May  1914,  Faroult.x 
27  Lalla  Marnia,  May  1914,  Faroult.x 

3  Tlemcen,  April  1913,  VV.  R.  and  E.  H. 
27  Titen  Yaya,  May  1915,  Rotrou.x 

4  Oran,  April  1913,  W.  R.  and  E.  H. 

5  Environs  d' Alger,   January — February    1913,   Captain  Holl. 

13  Blida  les  Glacieres,  May— June  1907-1908,  Dr.  Nissen  and  AV.  R.  and 
K.  J.x 

21  Hammam  R'ihra,  May— June  1908-1913,  W.  R.,  E.  H.  and  K.  J.x 

5  Constantine,  May  1882  and  1908,  W.  R.  and  E.  H.  and  H.  J.  Elwes.x 
119  Hammam  Meskoutine,  Jlay- June  1909-1914,  W.  R.,  E.  H.,  and  K.  J.x 
42  Souk  Ahras,  April  1914,  W.  R.  and  K.  J. 

29  Envii-ons  de  Tunis,  March— Mayl908-1915,  E.  Blanc  and  Max  Bartel.x 
Those  marked  with  a  x  after  the  collector's  name  include  or  consist  entirely 
of  the  gen.  aest.  butleri.    The  Tring  series  ex  Mauretania  consists  of  391  specimens. 


84  NOVITATES    ZOOLOOICAE    XXIV.     1917. 

15a.  Euchloe  ausonia  algirica  (Oberth.). 

Anlhocharis  tagis  var.  algirica  Oberthiir,  Etiid.  Lipid.  Comp.  Fasc.  III.  p.   145  (1909)  (Meoheria, 
Prov.  Oran). 

This  form  is  very  variable,  especially  in  the  shape  of  the  wings  and  in  the 
marking  of  the  underside.  The  shape  varies  from  a  quite  rounded  forewing 
to  a  very  pointed  one,  and  on  the  underside  of  the  hiiidwuigs  the  white  markings 
in  the  green  of  the  hmdwuig  vary  from  quite  small  spots  and  dots  to  large 
splashes  or  broad,  irregular  bands  ;  these  white  marks  also  vary  in  themselves, 
for  in  some  specimens  they  are  dead  white,  while  in  others  they  are  lustrous 
pearly  white.  The  green  varies  also  from  dark  dull  green  in  some  individuals 
to  bright  grass  green  in  others. 

The  summer  brood,  gen.  aest.  fstvdonymus,  although  characterised  by  the 
stronger  admixture  of  yeUow  with  the  green  and  the  greater  diffusion  in  the 
bands  and  spots,  is  not  nearly  so  different  from  the  sprmg  brood,  gen.  vern, 
algirica,  as  are  the  spring  and  summer  broods  of  crameri. 

The  Tring  series  consists  of  2,069  specimens. 

5  Djebel  Tixa,  Morocco,  March   1905,  W.  Riggenbach. 

1  Tamarouth,  Morocco,  June  1904,  W.  Riggenbach.  x 
8  Mogador,  Morocco,  Staudinger.x 

30  Ain  Sefra,  May  1913,  W.  R.  and  E.  H.x 
18  Ras  Chergui,  May  1915,  Faroult.x 

3  Djebel  Mekter,  May  1913,  E.  H.  and  C.  H.x 
5  Saida,  May  1913,  W.  R.  and  E.  H.x 

4  Tifrit,  May  1913,  W.  R.  and  E.  H.x 
315  Berrouaghia,  April  1914,  Faroult. 

7  Boghari,  May  1913,  Faroult.x 
1,363  Guelt-es-Stel,  March— May  1911-1913,   W.   R.,  E.  H.,   and   K.   J.,  and 
Faroult.x 

5  Laghouat,  March— April  1911-1912,  W.  R.  and  E.  H.  and  Faroult. 

2  40  kilometres  south  of  Laghouat,  April  1911,  W.  R.  and  E.  H. 
60  Bou  Saada,  March— June   1911-1912,  Faroult.x 

3  Biskra,  March  1911,  W.  R.  and  E.  H. 
20  El  Outaya,  March— April  1911,  Faroult. 

130  El  Kantara,    March— May    1908-1911,  W.  R.  and    E.    H.,    Faroult  and 
Cheli  Brahim.x 

15  Khenchela,  May— June  1911-1912,  W.  R.  and  K.  J.  and  Faroult. 

7  Lambessa,  Kay  1909,  W.  R.  and  E.  H. 
68  Environs  de   Batna,  AprU— May  1909-1915,  Nelva. 

Where  a  x  follows  the  name  of  the  collector  it  denotes  that  some  or  all 
of  the  specimens  consist  of  the  summer  brood,  gen.  aest.  pseiidonymus. 

In  the  British  Museum  are  2  Lambessa,  April  1884,  J.  Merkl,  Oberthiir 
coll.  ex  Elwes  coll.  ;  1  Lambessa,  May,  and  1  El  Kantara,  May  1882,  H.  J. 
Elwes  ;    2  Mogador,  Leech  coll.  (summer  brood). 

The  ?  ab.  poslochracea  Rothsch.,  which  is  fau-ly  common  in  the  present 
subspecies,  is  very  much  rarer  in  crameri  from  Algeria.  I  have  it  only  from 
Htvmmam  Meskoutine. 


NOVITATKS    ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV.     1917.  85 

[Euchloe  falloui  (Allard). 

I  divided  this  insect  into  two  subspecies,  naming  the  purely  desert  insect 
E.  falloni  ohsolescens,  but  stated  that  the  specimens  of  obsolescent  are  evidently 
a  second  or  summer  brood,  showing  the  same  characters  differentiating  it  from 
the  first  brood  as  do  the  second  broods  of  ausonia  and  belemia,  as  opposed  to 
their  respective  first  broods.  The  Ghardaia  specimens  of  the  first  brood  of 
/.  ohsolescens  show  very  little  difference  from  El  Outaya  first-brood  specimens^ 
but  I  have  ten  second-brood  specimens  captured  at  Oued  Hamidou  between 
Alger  and  I'Arba  and  eight  from  El  Kantara  which  are  not  at  all  like  the  second 
brood  from  the  desert.  Bou  Saada  second-brood  specimens  are  certainly  not 
all  alike,  but  average  about  85  per  cent,  with  fully  developed  green  bands  and 
about  15  per  cent,  either  ohsolescens  or  mtermediates.  I  think,  therefore,  that 
we  are  justified  in  maintaining  ohsolescens  as  a  distinct  race  and  regarduig  those 
from  Bou  Saada  as  somewhat  in  a  transitional  condition.] 


16.  Euchloefalloui  falloui  (Allard). 

Anthocharia  fallotii  Gaston  Allard,  Ann.  Soc.  Entom.  France,  Ser.  4.  vol.  vii.  pp.  312  and  318  (1867) 
(Biskra). 

The  only  difference  I  can  see  between  the  first  brood  of  /.  jallovi  and  that 
of  /.  ohsolescens  is  that  the  latter  has  the  green  bands  more  sage-green  and  some- 
what naiTOw,  while  the  former  has  them  broad  and  more  olive-green.  (The 
Bou  Saada  ones  have  these  bands  very  olive.) 

34  Col  de  Sfa,  Biskra,  February— March  1908-1911,  VV.  R.  and  E.  H.  and 
Staudinger   (3). 

8  El  Kantara,  August  1911,  Faroult. 
26  El  Outaya,  March  1911,  Faroult. 
8  Khenchela,  June  1911,  Farouh. 
10  Oued  Hamidou,  June  1912,  Faroult. 

33  Laghouat,  March— April  1911-1912,  W.  R.  and  E.  H.  and  Faroult. 
1  A'in  Draham,  July  1911,  Faroult. 

3  Guelt-es-Stel,  April  1912-1913,  W.  R.  and  K.  J.  and  Faroult. 
1  Djebel  Senia,  February  1910,  Faroult. 

The  British  Museum  has  the  following  specimens  :    5  Hammam-es-Salahin, 
April   1904,   Lord  Walsingham  ;     1  Tkoiit,  April   1906,  Lord  Walsingham  ;     1 
Biskra,  May  1885,  L.  Bleuse  ex  Ehves  coll.  ;    1  Biskra,  February  1894,  ex  Elwes 
coll.  ;    1  Mauretania,  Grum-Grshimailo  coll.  ex  Elwes  coll. 
The  series  at  Tring  comprises  124  specimens. 

16a.  Euchloe  falloui  form,  transit. 

The  bulk  of  the  specimens  present  little  variation  from  the  typical  form, 
though  in  nearly  all  the  green  bands  are  much  shaded  with  brownish  olive,  but 
from  5  to  15  per  cent,  show  either  a  transition  to  or  all  the  characters  of 
/.  ohsolescens. 

147  Bou  Saada,  May— August  1911-1912,  Faroult. 

6  Djebel  Kerdada,  May  1912,  Faroult. 


'^fi  XOVITATES    ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV.    1917. 

The  Tring  series  comprises  153  specimens  ;  6  larvae  and  1  pupa  (the  latter 
May  1912). 

In  the  British  Museum  there  is  of  this  transitional  form,  1  Bou  Saada,  Ren6 
Oberthiir,  1875,  ex  Elwes  coll. 


166.  Euehloe  falloui  obsolescens  Rothsch. 

Buchloe  falloui  obsolescens  Rothschild,  Novit.  Zool.  vol.  xx.  p.  112.  No.  6  (1913)  (South  Oued  Mya). 

Of  this  form  I  only  have  second-brood  examples  from  places  south  of 
Ghardaia,  but  first-brood  individuals  ought  not  to  be  different  from  Ghardaia 
examples.  Its  chief  character  distinguishing  it  from  /.  jalloui  is  the  strong 
increase  of  yellow  and  the  almost  vanishing  green  bands  on  the  underside  ai 
the  hindwings. 

1  Ideles,  March  1914,  Geyr  von  Schweppenburg. 

1  Oued  Agelil,  March   1914,  Geyr  von  Schweppenburg. 

3  South  Oued  Mya,  April— May  1912,  E.  H.  and  C.  H. 

1  Ain  Guettera,  April  1912,  E.  H.  and  C.  H. 

6  north  of  Ain  Guettera,  April  1912,  E.  H.  and  C.  H. 

9  Ghardaia,  March— April  1911-1912,  W.  R.  and  E.  H.  and  Dr.  Nissen. 

The  Tring  Museum  possesses  21  examples  of  this  form. 

[Euehloe  belemia  Esper. 

Euehloe  belemia  from  North  Africa  has  been  considered  by  most  authors 
to  be  identical  with  typical  Spanish  and  Portuguese  examples.  Count  Turati 
separated  the  desert  specimens  under  the  name  E.  belemia  desertorum  on  the 
assumption  that  they  were  all  as  small  and  pale  as  the  specimens  from  Biskra 
he  had  before  him.  Rober  described  a  form  under  the  name  of  distincta,  which 
he  said  was  larger  than  the  type,  and  had  much  larger  square  black  stigmas 
on  the  forewing  and  which  he  says  flies  at  PhDippevOle.  In  former  articles  I 
employed  these  names  to  denote  respectively  the  desert  specimens,  i.e.  Biskra, 
Bou  Saada,  Laghouat,  etc.  ;  and  those  north  of  the  Southern  Atlas  range.  Mr, 
Oberthiir  quite  rightly  emphasises  the  fact  that  in  most  places  the  small  indi- 
viduals enormously  outnumber  the  large  ;  but  in  two  places,  viz.  Hammam 
R'ihra  and  Hammam  Meskoutme,  I  found  nothing  but  very  large  and  heavily 
marked  specimens.  Now  that  I  have  carefuUy  compared  a  much  larger  series  of 
individuals  than  I  could  formerly,  I  have  come  to  the  conclusion  that  at  present, 
although  the  desert  form  is  fauly  recognisable  and  the  large  Philippeville  and 
Hammam  MeskoutLne  specimens  with  their  huge  discoidal  black  patch  are  very 
conspicuous,  the  general  run  of  Mauretanian  belemia  are  not  much  different 
from  specimens  obtained  north  of  the  Mediterranean,  and  it  will  require  careful 
examination  of  the  genitalia  and  the  special  Pierine  scaling  to  finally  determine 
the  different  races.  I  therefore  propose  in  this  article  to  treat  all  the  Maure- 
tanean  belemia  under  the  head  of  the  species  as  a  whole  till  such  times  as  Dr. 
Jordan  and  Professor  Dixey  can  find  time  to  work  out  the  races  of  belemia  over 
its  entire  range.] 


NOVITATES    ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV.     1917.  87 

17.  Euchloe  belemia  Esper. 

Papilio  belemia  Esper,  Die  SchmeU.  to),  i.  pt.  2.  t.  110.  f.  2  (1792)  (?). 
5  Tangier. 
8  Mogador,  Staudinger. 

7  Mazagan,  Morocco,  March  1900,  W.  Riggenbach. 

4  Djebel  Chedar,  Morocco,  March   1901,  W.  Riggenbach. 

5  Skiadma,  Morocco,  March  1905,  W.  Riggenbach. 

4  Ouled  Far.sh,  Morocco,  May  1904,  W.  Riggenbach.  x 

1  MwhoUa,  Morocco,  ?  ?,  W.  Riggenbach. 
3  Rabat,  Morocco,  1914,  A.  Thery. 

59  Moroccan  Frontier,  May  1914,  Faroult.x 

3  Morocco,  October   1902,  ?  x 
37  Masser  Mines,  May  1914,  Faroult.x 

21  Nedroma,  May  1914,  Faroult.x 
221  Lalla  Marnia,  May  1914,  Faroult.x 

5  Ain  Sefra,  May  1913,  W.  R.  and  E.  H. 

19  Ras  Chergui  (Djebel  Mekter),  May  1915,  Faroult.x 

2  Saida,  May  1913,  W.  R.  and  E.  H.x 
11  Titen  Yaya,  May  1915,  Rotrou.x 

21  Oran,  April  1913,  W.  R.  and  E.  H.x 

72  Envii'ons  d'Alger.  February— June  1908-1914,  W.  R.,  E.  H.,  and  K.  J., 
Dr.  Nissen  and  Captain  Holl.x 

4  Blida  les  Glacieres,  June  1908,  W.  R.  and  K.  J.x 

50  Hammam  R'ihra,  April— May  1908-1913,  W.  R.,  E.  H.,  and  K.  J.x 
173  Bsrrouaghia,  April  1914,  Faroult. 

21  Boghari,  May  1913,  Faroult.x 

331  Guelt-es-Stel,  AprU— May  1912-1913,  W.  R.,  K.  J.,  and  Faroult.x 
1  Ain  Oussera,  April  1911,  W.  R.  and  E.  H. 

8  Puits  Baba,  May  1913,  Faroult.x 

8  Bou  Cedraia,  May  1913,  Faroult.x 

6  Laghouat,  March  1912,  Faroult. 

34  Bou  Saada,  March— AprU  1912-1913,  Faroult. 
1  Bled-et-Amar,  March  1912,  E.  H.  and  C.  H. 
1  N9a-Ben-Rzig,  February  1912,  E.  H.  and  C.  H. 

3  Bordj  Chegga,  February  1912,  E.  H.  and  C.  H. 

1  Col  de  Sfa,  Bi.skra,  February  1911,  W.  R.  and  E.  H. 
47  Biskra,  March— April  1908-1914,  W.  R.  and  E.  H. 

22  El  Outaya,  March— August  1910-1911,  Faroult. 

33  El    Kantara,    March— June    1882-1911,    W.    R.,    E.    H.,   Faroult,    Cheli 
Brahim,  and  H.  J.  Elwes.x 

8  Khenchela,  May  1912,  W.  R.  and  K.  J.x 
1  Lambe,ssa,  May  1909,  W.  R.  and  E.  H.x 

20  Environs  de  Batna,  June  1909-1913,  Nelva  and  Faroult. 

80  Hammam  Meskoutine,  May  1909-1914,  W.  R.,  E.  H.,  and  K.  J. 
15  Souk  Ahras,  April  1914,  W.  R.  and  K.  J. 

4  Ain  Draham,  Tunisia,  Staudinger. 
1  Tozeur,  Tuni.sia,  Staudinger. 

22  Environs  de  Tunis,  March— April  1915,  E.  Blanc. 


88  NOVITATES    ZOOLOOICAE    XXIV.     1917. 

1  Kebili,  March   1907,  Staudinger. 
1  Djebel  Zaccar,  June  1906,  Faroult. 

The  Tring  Museum  series  from  Mauretania  consists  of  1,361  specimens. 

The  British  Museum  has  the  following  Mauretanian  belemia  :  7  Meade- 
Waldo  ;  8  Mogador,  Leech  coll.  ;  10  Tangier,  7  ex  Dnue  coll.,  2  ex  Bates,  and 
1  J.  J.  Walker,  all  ex  Salvin  Godman  coll.  ;  1  Biskra,  Maj'.  1  El  Kantara,  May 
1882,  H.  J.  Elwes. 

The  X  after  the  name  of  the  collector  denotes  that  some  or  all  of  the 
specimens  consist  of  the  summer  brood  glauce.  Miss  Fountaine  records  the 
summer  brood  glauce  from  Teniet-el-Haad,  May — ^June  1904. 

Euchloe  belemia  x  ausonia  algirica  ?  ? 

These  six  specuuens  and  some  eight  or  ten  others  taken  by  Dr.  Nissen 
are  very  remarkable  ;  thej-  are  undoubtedly  in  appearance  exactly  inter- 
mediate between  belemia  and  ausonia,  and  as  I  consider  a  specimen  taken  by 
myself  in  April  1912  to  agree  in  pattern  with  them,  I  treat  them  as  hybrids  ; 
but  if,  on  examination  of  its  genitalia,  this  specimen  should  turn  out  to  be  only 
an  aberrant  ausonia,  it  is  quite  possible  that  we  have  here  an  example  of  a 
third  brood  occurring  occasionally  among  the  normally  double-brooded  belemia. 

6  Guelt-es-Stel,  April— November  1912-1913,  W.  R.  and  K.  J.  and  Faroult. 

18.  Teracolus  evagore  nouna  (Luc). 

Anthocharis  nouna  Lucas,  Expl.  Scient.  de  I'Alg.  Zool.  III.  Lipid,  p.  350.  pi.  i.  ff.  2.  a,  b,  etc.  (1849) 
(Oran). 

Hitherto  this  beautiful  little  butterfly  has  been  placed  as  a  subspecies  of 
daira,  Klug,  but  it  agrees  better  with  that  author's  evagore,  which  I  think  is 
distmct  from  daira. 

It  has  two  broods,  which  differ  mostly  on  the  underside,  that  in  spring 
having  a  dirty  pink  colouring  of  the  underside  of  the  hindwing.  Monsieur 
Blachier  has  separated  the  spring  brood  from  Bislcra  as  var.  biskrensis.  I  have 
only  one  specimen  from  the  Province  of  Oran,  namely,  one  taken  by  myself  at 
Ain  Sefra,  and  this  certainly  differs  from  all  the  other  ??  in  the  Tring  Museum 
by  having  the  orange  apex  much  reduced ;  but  until  an  equally  large  series  of 
both  broods  from  Morocco  and  Oran  can  be  placed  side  by  side  with  my  325 
from  East  and  Central  Algeria  for  comparison,  I  feel  unable  to  decide  this 
point,  and  shall  record  all  specimens  under  no^ina  Lucas. 

1  Djebel  Tixa,  Morocco,  March  1905,  W.  Riggenbach. 

1  Ain  Sefra,  May  1913,  W.  R.  and  E.  H. 

48  Ghardala,  April— May  1911-1914,  W.  R.,  E.  H.,  and  C.  H.,  and  Dr. 
Nissen. 

6  Biskra,  Staudinger. 

1  Col  de  Sfa,  ex  larva  (larva  April  1908,  emerged  May  8th,  1908),  W.  R. 
and  E.  H. 

14  El  Outaya,  May   1911,  Faroult. 
244  El  Kantara,  May— July   1911,  Cheli  Brahim. 
12  Environs  de  Batna,  Nelva. 

The  Tring  series  thus  amounts  to  327  specimens.  The  British  Museum 
as   1  Hammam-es-Salahin  ex  larva,  Lord  Walsirgham. 


NOVlTATES    ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV.     19!  7.  §9 

Miss  Fountaine  records  a  single  specimen  from  Sebdou,  June  1904. 
Mr.  Blachier  records  a  specimen  from  Immentala,  Morocco. 
Mr.   Joannis  records   this   species   from   Oued   Kadamellet,   north   of   Air, 
September   1905,  M.  R.  Chudeau. 

19.  Teracohis  Uagore  (Klug). 

PorUia  Uagore  Klug,  Symh.  Phijs.  fol.  g.  p.  I.  pi.  ri.  ff.  5-8  (1829)  (Ambukohl). 

This  insect  is  recorded  by  M.  de  Joannis,  Brdl.  Soc.  Entom.  France  1908, 
p.  82,  as  having  been  collected  by  M.  R.  Chudeau,  Oued  Kadamellet,  north 
of  Air,  September  1905. 

20.  Teracolus  chrysonome  (Klug). 

Poraia  chrysonome  Klug,  Symh.  Phys.  fol.  g,  p.  2.  No.  0.  pi.  vii.  f=E.  9-11  (1829)  (Ambukohl). 

In  the  Ann.  Mag.  Nat.  Hist.  (8),  xvi.  p.  247.  No.  3  (1915)  I  quite  correctly 
enumerated  Herr  G.  von  Schwoppenburg's  four  Ideles  specunens  as  Teracolus 
hdvolus  But!.  Professor  Aurivillius  in  Seitz  places  helvolus,  however,  as  the 
dry-season  form  of  chrysonome,  and  I  believe  he  is  right,  and  that  in  absolute 
desert  areas  like  Somaliland  and  the  Hoggar  Mountains  the  wet-season  form 
chrysonome  does   not  occur. 

In  the  Ideles  specimens  the  mauve  bands  and  spots  are  not  quite  so  much 
obliterated  as  in  5  <J(^  I  have  from  JubUando,  British  East  Africa,  but  they 
are  not  at  all  golden  yellow  with  bright  mauve  bands  as  in  typical  chrysonome 
collected  by  my  brother  N.  Charles  Rothschild  at  Shendi,  and  which  I  have 
also  from  Suakim  and  the  Nandi  country  in   British  East  Africa. 

4  Ideles,  Hoggar  Mountains,  March  1914,  Geyr  von  Schweppenburg. 

This^  species  should  stand  thus : 

Teracolus  chrysonome   (Klug). 
gen.  vern.  chrysonome  Klug. 
gen.  aest.  helvolus  Butl. 

These  four  specimens  in  the  Tring  Museum  are,  I  believe,  the  only  known 
Mauretanian  examples  of  thLs  species,  except  those  recorded  by  Joannis  as 
collected  by  M.  R.  Chudeau,  viz.  Oued  Tessamak,  Adrar,  June  1905;  Oued 
Tidek  and  Oued  Kadamellet,   north  of  Air,   September   1905. 

21.  Colias  hyale  (Linn.). 
Papilio  hyale  Liuuaeua,  Syst.  Nat.  I.  p.  469.  No.  71  (1758)  (Europe,  Africa). 

I  have  never  seen  any  Mauretanian  hyale  ;  in  fact  I  have  never  seen  true 
hyale  from  any  part  of  Africa  ;  the  subspecies  hyale  marnoana  Rogenh.,  how- 
over,  occurs  in  Abyssinia  and  the  Soudan.  Mr.  Oberthiir,  when  he  says  that 
hyale  as  we  understand  it  to-day  is  not  the  hyale  of  Linnaeus,  quotes  the  twelfth 
edition  of  the  8y sterna  Naturae,  in  which  is  added  the  habitat  "  America  Septen- 
trionali."  In  the  tenth  edition  only  Europe  and  Africa  are  given,  and  the 
quotation  of  the  Fauna  Svecica  is  not  included  ;  I  therefore  think,  despite  the 
discrepancies  of  the  diagnosis,  we  can  quite  conscientiouslj-  assume  that  wo 
are  applying  Linnaeus'  name  hyale  to  the  butterfly  he  gave  it  to  in  his  tenth 
edition. 


90  NOVJTATES    ZOOLOGICAE   XXIV.     1917. 

22.  Colias  electo  croceus  (Geoff.). 

Papilio  croceus  Geoffioy  Fourcroy's  Eniom.  Par.  vol.  ii.  p.  250  (1785)  (Paris). 

Although  this  iasect  was  .seen  by  us  practically  everywhere  we  went,  it 
was  never  very  abundant. 

8  Mazagan,  Morocco,  April— July   1900-19(12,  W.  Riggenbach. 

2  Truchan,  Morocco,  May  1904,  W.  Riggenbach. 

3  Tamarouth,  Morocco,  June   1904,  W.  Riggenbach. 

7  Ouled  Farsh,   Morocco,  June    1901,   W.   Riggenbach. 
1  Fenson,  Morocco,  May  1903,  W.  Riggenbach. 

1  Cap  Blanco,  Morocco,  May  1902,  W.  Riggenbach.  x 

11  Mogador,  Morocco,   Staudinger. 

2  Zoudj-el-Beghal,  Morocco,  July  1914,  Faroult. 

4  Ain  Sefra,  May— July  1913-1915,  W.  R.  and  E.  H.  and  Faroult.x 

1  Djebel  Mekter,  Ain  Sefra,  May  1913,  E.  H.  and  C.  H. 

8  Masser  JMines,  May  1914,  Faroult.x 

2  Tlemcen,  April  1913,  W.  R.  and  E.  H.x 

3  Saida,  May   1913,  W.  R.  and  E.  H. 

3  Tifrit,  near  Saida,  May  1913,  W.  R.  and  E.  H.x 

12  Titen  Yaya,  May   1915,  Rotrou. 

2  Ras  Cliergui,   May    1915,  Faroult. 

3  Oran,  April  1913,  W.  R.  and  E.  H.x 

15  Envhons  d'Alger,   March— June   1908-1912,   W.  R.,  E.  H.,  and  K.  J., 
Dr.  Nissen  and  Captain  Holl.x 

1  Yakouren,  Kabylie,  June   1906,  Dr.  Nissen. 

2  Taourirt-Ighil,  Kabylie,   June   1906,  Dr.  Nissen. 

4  Leila  Ki'edidja,  Kabylie,  July   1907,  Dr.  Nissen. 
2  Pic  Abd-el-Kader,  July  1905,  Dr.  Nissen. x 

7  Blida  les  Glaciert;-,  June  1908,  W.  R.  and  K.  J.x 
25  Hainmam  R'ihra.  April— May  1908-1913,  W.  R.,  E.  H.,  and  K.  J.,  and 
August — September   1916,  Farouh.x 

18  Guelt-es-Stel,  AprU  1912-1913,  W.  R.  and  K.  J.,  Faroult.x 

1  Foiet  de  Djelfa,  June  1913,  Faroult.x 
4  Djelfa.  June  1913,  Faroult.x 

2  Laghouat,  April  1911,  W.  R.  and  E.  H. 
1  Bou  Saada,  May   1911,  Faroult. 

6  Ouargla,  June  1914,  Geyr  von  Schweppenburg.x 
1  Oued  Mya,  April  1912,  E.  H.  and  C.  H. 

1  Bled-et-Amar,  March   1912,  E.   H.  and  C.  H. 

2  Touggourt,  February   1912,  E.  H.  and  C.  H. 

2  Bordj  Chegga,  Fibruary   1912,  E.  H.  and  C.  H. 
20  Biskra,  March  1908-1914,  W.  R.  and  E.  H. 

2  El  Outaya,  March— August  1910-1911,  Faroult. 
23  El  Kantara,   March— June    1909-1911,  W.  R.  and  E.  H.,  Faroult,  and 
Cheli  Brahim.x 

4  Khenchela,  May   1912,  W.  R.  and  K.  J. 
14  Environs  de  Batna,  April  1908-1914,  W.  R.,  E.  H.,  and  Nelva. 

2  Oued  Hamidou,   June   1912,   Faroult. 


NOVITATES    ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV.     1017.  Q\ 

4  Hanimam  Meskoutine,  May  1914,  W.  R.  and  K.  J.x 

1  Ain  Draham,  Tunisia,  June  1909,  Faroult.x 

6  Environs  de  Tunis,  August — September   1915,  E.   Blanc. 

The  X  after  the  collector's  name  denotes  that  one  or  more  specimens  belong 
to  the  ?  forma  helice.  I  have  never  seen  nor  do  I  possess  a  single  Jlauretanian 
example  of  the  §  forma  helicina  Oberth.  ( =  intermediate  ?  form  between  helice 
and  normal  ?),  and  considering  the  large  series  I  have  from  jVIauretania,  the 
number  of  pale  yellow  SS  (3)  is  very  small. 

The  British  Museum  has  the  following  specimens  from  Mauretania  :  7 
Meade- Waldo  ;  2  Tangier  and  2  Mogador,  January  1881,  Leech  coll. ;  2  Biskra, 
May   1882,  H.  J.  Elwes  ;    2  Philippeville,  May   1882,  H.  J.  Elwes. 

Mr.  Meade- Waldo  in  his  article  quotes  Tangier,  December — January ; 
Interior,  May — June.  The  Tring  series  from  Mauretania  consists  of  243  speci- 
mens. 

23.  Gonepteryx  rhamni  meridionalis  Rober. 

Gonepteryx  rhamni  meridionalis  Rober  in  Stitz  Grossschmett.  der  Erde,  vol.  i.  p.  67  (1907)  (Algeria 
and  S.  Asia  Minor). 

Mr.  Charles  Oberthiir  states  that  two  subspecies  of  this  insect  occur  in 
Algeria,  the  large  meridionalis  and  a  small  form  indistinguishable  from  typical 
rJiamni,  and  he  records  two  such  small  specimens  m  his  collection  taken  at  Alger 
by  the  late  Lieutenant  Mathieu.  Now  Gonepteryx  rhamni  is  very  rare  indeed 
in  Algeria,  and  almost  as  rare  in  Tunisia  and  Morocco,  so,  as  Mr.  Oberthiir  truly 
remarks,  we  require  much  fuller  material  before  deciding  finally  on  this  question; 
but  I  would  like  to  pouit  out  that  rhamni  meridionalis  could  under  any  circum- 
stance only  be  treated  as  a  subspecies  or  local  race,  and  we  frequently  find  that 
among  such  local  races  individuals  appear  sporadically  which  are  indistinguish- 
able from  the  type,  although  75  per  cent,  or  more  of  the  individuals  exhibit  all 
the  distinguishing  characters  of  the  local  race.  This  being  the  case,  I  do  not 
consider  these  small  Algerian  rham,ni,  of  which  I  have  two  from  Batna,  at  all 
invalidate  the  subspecific  value  of  the  race  rhamni  meridionalis.  South  Portu- 
guese specimens  (Monchique,  Dr.  K.  Jordan)  are  not  meridionalis. 

3  Environs  d'Alger,  March  and  June  1908,  W.  R.,  E.  H.,  and  K.  J. 
1  Blida  les  Glacieres,  June  1908,  W.  R.  and  K.  J. 

1  Hammam  R'ilira,  May  1908,  W.  R.  and  K.  J. 

4  Batna,  Nelva. 

2  Tunis. 

2  Ain  Draham,  July   1911,  Faroult. 
The  Tring  series  consists  of  13  specimens. 
The  British  Museum  has  2  from  Meade-Waldo. 

Mr.  Meade- Waldo  in  his  article  gives  the  follownig  data  :  Tangier,  March 
1901,  December  1902. 

24.  Gonepteryx  cleopatra  (Linn.). 

Papilio  cieopalra  Linnaeus,  Syst.  Nat.  edit.  xii.  vol.  i.  part  2.  p.  765.  No.  105  (1767)  (Barbaria). 

It  is  very  curious,  as  Mr.  Oberthiir  remarks,  what  a  comparatively  large 
number  of  gynandromorphous  specimens  occur  in  this  species  ;    of  the  three 


92  NOVITATES    ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV.    1917. 

Algerian  ones  in  the  Tring  Museum,  the  one  I  took  near  Alger  myself  has  only 
some  broad  whitish  bands  on  the  right  hindwing,  but  the  Khenchela  specimen 
is  very  remarkable.     The  abdomen  appears  to  be  equally  divided,  left  half  d, 
right  $  ;   there  is  only  one  very  thick  antenna  in  the  middle  of  the  frons  ;    the 
left  pair  of  wings  are  S  with  a  few  patches  of  V  colouring  ;    the  right  pair  of 
wings  are  ?  with  only  three  or  four  very  small  splashes  of  o  coloration. 
83  Masser  Mines,   May   1914,  Faroult. 
20  Nedroma,   May   1914,  Faroult. 
1  Lalla  Marnia,  May   1914,  Faroult. 
3  Sidi-bel-Abbes,  June   1915,  Rotrou. 
10  Titen  Yaya,  March — June  1915,  Rotrou. 
1  Oran,  April  1913,  W.  R.  ard  E.  H. 
1  Santa  Cruz,  Oran,  February  1906,  Dr.  Nissen. 
44  Environs  d'Alger,  March— June  1908-1913,  W.  R.,  E.  H.,  and  K.  J. 
15  Blida  les  Glacieres,  June  1908,  W.  R.  and  K.  J. 
18  Hammam  R'ihra,  May  1908-1913,  W.  R.,  E.  H,,  and  K.  J. 
14  Guelt-es-Stel,  AprU— May  1913,  Faroult. 

3  Bou  Saada,  May  1911,  Faroult. 
10  El  Kantara,  March— June    1911,  W.   R.  and  E.   H,,  Faroult  and  Cheli 
Brahim. 

1  Khenchela,  June  1911,  Faroult. 

1  Lambessa,  May  1909,  W.  R.  and  E.  H. 
12  Environs  de  Batna,  Nelva. 

2  Oued  Hamidou,  June   1912,  Faroult. 

23  Hammam  Meskoutine,  May   1909-1914,  W.  R..   E.  H.,  and  K.  J. 
1  Souk  Ahras,  April  1914,  W.  R.  and  K.  J. 
1  Ain  Draham,  July   1911,  Faroult. 

3  Djebel  Zaccar  above  Miliana,  June   1916,  Faroult. 

10  Envkons  de  Tunis,  April— June  1915-1916,  E.  Blanc. 

Of  these  the  following  are  gynandromorphous : 

1  Environs  d'Alger. 
1  Klienchela. 
1  Ain  Draham. 

The  British  Museum  has  the  following  Mauretanian  examples :  5  Meade- 
Waldo  ;  3  Tangier  and  3  Mogador,  Leech  coll.  ;  1  Tangier,  Druce  coll.  ex  Salvin 
Godman  coll. 

Mr.  Meade- Waldo  gives  the  following  data  in  his  article :  Tangier,  January 
1901  ;  FeduUa,  May  1901  ;  Wad  Moorbey  (rect.  Oum-er-Rebia),  June  1901  ; 
Sould  Jedid,  July  1901. 

Miss  Fountaine  records  this  species  from  Teniet-el-Haad,  June  1904.  The 
Tring  Museum  has  277  Mauretanian  specimens. 

25.  Catopsilia  florella  (Fabr.). 

Papilio  fioreUa  Fabriciua,  Syst.  Entom.  p.  479.  No.  159  (1775)  (Sierra  Leone). 

The  only  Mauretanian  records  I  can  find  of  this  insect  are  by  Mr.  de  Joannis, 
Oued  el  Ghessour  and  Oued  Kadamellet,  September  1905  (north  of  Air),  M.  R. 
Chudeau. 


NOTITATES    ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV,     HI17.  93 

26.  Danais  (Limnas)  chrysippus  (Linn.)- 

Papilio  chrysippus  Linnaeus,  Syst.  Nat.  edit.  x.  vol.  i.  p.  471.  No.  81  (1758)  (Egypt,  America  !  !). 

With  the  exception  of  the  record  by  Mr.  Joannis,  Oued  Kadamellet,  Sep- 
tember 1905,  M.  R.  Chudeau,  Dr.  Hartert's  three  specimens  are  the  only 
other  Mauretanian  specimens.  While  Mr.  Chudeau's  is  the  ab.  alcippus  with 
white  hiiidwmgs,  all  three  of  Dr.  Hartert's  are  typical  chrysippus. 

1  north  of  Ain  Guettera,  April  1912,  E.  H.  and  C.  H. 
1  Igosten,  In-Salah,  April  1912,  E.  H.  and  C.  H. 
1  South  Oued  Mya,  May   1912,  E.  H.  and  C.  H. 

27.  Charaxes  jason  (Linn.). 

Papilio  jason  Linnaeus,  Syst.  Nat.  edit.  xii.  part  i.  p.  749.  No.  26  (1767)  (Barbaria). 

1  have  seen  this  insect  alive  in  Algeria  on  two  occasions,  and  both  times 
failed  to  catch  it,  &st  a  cj  near  Alger,  which  we  chased  up  and  down  a  cutting 
for  nearly  half  an  hour,  and  secondly  a  large  9  near  Blida  les  Glacieres.  Dr. 
Hartert  also  saw  one  near  Mustapha.  My  servant  Harmon  Drury  saw  one  of 
these  insects  at  Hammam  R'Oira,  but  missed  it.  Dr.  Nissen  has  several  Alger 
specimens. 

2  Ain  Draham,  Victor  Faroult. 

1  Envnons  d'Alger,  ex.  coll.  Nelva. 

2  Hammam  R'ihra,  August — September   1916,   Faroult. 

In  the  British  Museum  there  is  one  specimen,  Sebdou  1880-1882,  Dr.  Codet 
ex  Elwes  coll. 

28.  Pyrameis  atalanta  (Linn.). 

Papilio  atalanta  Linnaeus,  Syst.  Nat.  edit.  x.  vol.  i.  part  ii.  p.  478.  No.  119  (1758)  (Sweden). 

The  only  time  I  ever  saw  this  insect  in  any  numbers  in  Algeria  was  in  1913, 
in  Mrs.  Beresford's  garden  in  Mustapha  Superior,  Alger.  Two  large  masses 
of  the  creeper  Buddleia  tnadagascariensis  were  in  full  flower,  and  the  "  Red 
Admirals  "  were  in  large  numbers  sucking  honey  from  the  long  spikes  of  orange 
flowers. 

13  Mazagan,  Morocco,  March — December  1900-1902,  W.  Riggenbach. 

2  Oran,  April  1913,  W.  R.  and  E.  H. 

19  Environs  d'Alger,  March— June  1908-1913,  W.  R.,  E.  H.,  and  K.  J. 

1  Blida  les  Glacieres,  June  1908,  W.  R.  and  K.  J. 

3  Hammam  R'ilira,  AprU— June  1911-1912,  W.  R.,  E.  H.,  and  K.  J. 

2  El  Kantara,  June   1911,  Cheli  Brahim. 

1  Constantme,  May   1908,  W.  R.  and  E.  H. 

1  Hammam  Meskoutine,  May  1914,  W.  R.  and  K.  J. 

4  Environs  de  Tunis,  March— April   1915,  E.  Blanc. 

Mr.  Gibbs  reports  atalanta  from  Tlemcen,  May  1910. 
There  are  no  specimens  from  Mauretania  in  the  British  Museum. 
Mr.  Meade-Waldo  gives  Tangier,  February — March   1901  ;    Amsmiz,  June 
1901  ;    and  Imentalla,  July   1901,  in  his  Moroccan  article. 


94  NOVITATES    ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV.     1917. 

29.  Pyrameis  cardui  cardui  (Linn.). 

Papilio  cardm  Linnaeus,  Stjst.  Nat.  edit.  x.  part  i.  p.  47.>.  No.  107  (1758)  (Europe,  Africa). 

We  found  this  insect  ever3'where  in  Algeria,  though  one  never  saw  very- 
many  on  the  wing  at  one  time. 

9  Mazagan,  Morocco,  March — June  1900,  W.  Riggenbach. 
2  Seksawa,  Morocco,  April  1905.  W.  Riggenbach. 

1  Ouled  Farsh,  May  1901,  W.  Riggenbach. 

2  Rabat,  Morocco,  1914,  A.  Thery. 
8  Masser  Mines,  May  1914,  Faroult. 

1  Lalla  Marnia,  December  1914,  Faroult. 
7  Ain  Sefra,  May  1913,  W.  R.  and  E.  H. 
1  Saida,  May  1913,  W.  R.  and  E.  H. 
1  Tlemcen,  April  1913,  W.  R.  and  E.  H. 
12  Titan  Yaya,  AprO  1915,  Rotrou. 
5  Oran,  April  1913,  W.  R.  and  E.  H. 

3  Environs  d' Alger,  March  1908-1912,  W.  R.,  E.  H.,  and  K.  J. 

1  Leila  Kredidja,  July  1907,  Dr.  Nissen. 

2  Blida  les  Glacieres,  June  1908,  W.  R.  and  K.  J. 

11  Hammam  R'ihra,  May  1908-1913,  W.  R.,  E.  H.,  and  K.  J. 

4  Guelt-es-Stel,  June — September  1913,  Faroult. 

1  Djelfa,  Jane  1913,  Faroult. 

2  Oued  Nca,  April  1914,  E.  H.  and  C.  H. 

1  north  of  Ain  Guettera,  April  1912,  E.  H.  and  C.  H. 
4  Timassinin,  January  1914,  Geyr  von  Schweppenburg. 

1  Amgid,  February  1914,  Geyr  von  Schweppenburg. 

3  Ain  Tahart,  February  1914,  Geyr  von  Schweppenburg. 

2  Idele.>,  March  1914,  Geyr  von  Schweppenburg. 
1   Ouargla,  June   1914,  Geyr  von  Schweppenburg. 
1  Bordj  Chegga,  February  1912,  E.  H.  and  C.  H. 

1  Col  de  Sfa,  BMna,  March  1911,  W.  R.  and  E.  H. 

3  Biskra,  March  1908—1911,  W.  R.  and  E.  H. 

23  El  Kantara,  M;iy— June  1911,  W.  R.,  E.  H.,  and  Cheli  Brahim. 
3  Envh-ons  de  Batna,  Nelva. 
1  Bordj  Saada,  April  1908,  W.  R.  and  E.  H. 

The  Mauretanian  series  in  the  Tring  Museum  comprises  118  specimens. 

Mr.  Meade-Waldo  in  his  article  says  he  found  cardui  on  the  wing  all  the 
year  round  everywhere  he  went,  and  that  the  late  autumn  brood  was  very  small 
and  dark.     There  are  no  Mauretanian  cardui  in  the  British  Museum. 

Mr.  de  Joannis  records  Tamangasset,  Hoggar  Moimtains,  August  1905,  M.  R. 
Chudeau. 

30.  Vanessa  polychloros  erythromelas  Aust. 

Vanessa  polychloros  var.  erylliromelas  Au.staut,  Le  Naiuraliate,  vol.  vii.  p.  142  (1885)  (Sebdou). 

In  the  drawer  in  which  is  contained  folychloros  and  the  Mauretanian  form 
erythromelas  in  the  British  Museum  is  a  note  in  Mr.  H.  J.  Elwes'  handwriting 
saying   he  cannot  acknowledge  the  validity  of  Austant's  name  as  he  cannot 


^fOV^TATES    ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV.     1917.  95 

make  out  any  differences.  If  Mr.  Elwes  placed  my  two  drawers  of  erythromelas 
next  to  a  drawer  full  of  typical  polychloros  he  would  at  first  sight  consider  them 
more  distinct  from  polychloros  than  is  xanthomelas ,  which  everyone  acknowledges 
is  a  distinct  species,  for  the  deep  fulvous  red  colour  in  erythromelas  is  in  striking 
contrast  to  the  often  dirty  fulvous  yellow  of  polychloros. 

As,  however,  occasional  yellower  specimens  occur  in  Mauretania  (about  1 
in  350  specimens),  we  cannot  treat  erythromelas  as  anything  but  a  very  distinct 
subspecies  =  local  race.  We  never  found  this  insect  very  plentiful  anywhere 
ill  a  perfect  state,  though  the  larvae  here  and  there  were  very  abundant,  and 
in  consequence  there  are  only  7  in  the  Tring  Museum  captured  by  ourselves. 

1  Fenson,  Morocco,  April  1903,  W.  Riggenbach. 
1  Sebdou,  June  1888,  Austant  (type  of  erythromelas). 
1  Magenta,  Prov.  Oran,  June  1915,  Rotrou. 

6  Environs  d'Alger,  May— June  1911-1912,  W.  R.,  E.  H.,  and  K.  J.,  and 
Captain  Holl. 

3  Blida  les  Glacieres,  June  1908,  W.  R.  and  K.  J. 
1  Hammam  R'ihra,  May  1908,  W.  R.  and  K.  J. 

194  Environs  de  Batna,  Nelva  and  Taillefer. 

4  Khenchela,  July  1911,  Faroult. 

1  El  Kantara,  March  1911,  Madame  Faroult. 

1  Djebel  Taya,  February  1911,  W.  R.  and  E.  H. 
16  Grand  Kabylie,  July  1909,  Dr.  Nissen. 

4  Leila  Kredidja,  August  1907,  Dr.  Nissen. 

1  Ain  Draham,  Tunisia,  July  1911,  Faroult. 

4  Djebel  Zaccar,  above  Miliana,  June  1916,  Faroult. 

The  Tring  series  comprises  238  specimens. 

The  El  Kantara  specimen,  which  I  saw  alive  directly  after  Madame  Faroult 
caught  it  at  the  foot  of  the  Djebel  Metlili,  is,  I  believe,  the  most  southern  speci- 
men hitherto  captured. 

The  British  Museum  has  2  Mauretania,  Grum-Grshimailo  coll.  ex  Elwea 
coll.  ;    1  Alger,  Lieutenant  Mathieu  ex  Elwes  coll. 


31.  Polygonia  c.  album  (Linn.). 

Papilio  c.  album  Linnaeus,  Syst.  Nat.  edit.  x.  vol.  i.  p.  477.  No.  115  (1758)  (Sweden). 

We  have  only  seen  this  insect  once  in  Algeria ;  and  although  Dr.  Nissan 
maintains  that  it  is  fairly  common  round  Alger,  I  feel  sure  it  is  not  nearly  as 
common  as  it  has  been  considered  to  be,  or  else  Mr.  Oberthiir  and  I  would  have 
been  able  to  have  procured  more  than  fourteen  specimens  between  us  in  forty 
years. 

1  Environs  d'Alger,  March  1912,  W.  R.  and  K.  J. 

2  Djebel  Zaccar  above  Miliana,  July — August  1916,  Faroult. 
1  Hammam  R'ihra,  May  J  916,  Faroult. 

1  Ain  Draham,  Tunisia,  Faroult. 

There  are  no  specimens  of  this  species  in  the  British  Museum  from  Maure- 
tania. Mr.  Meade- Waldo  in  his  article  records  it  as  follows :  Tizi  Gourza, 
July  1901. 


96  NOVJTATES    ZOOLOGKAE    XXIV.     1917. 

32.  Polygonia  egea  (Cram.) 

Papilio  egea  Cramer,  Pap.  Erot.  vol.  i.  part  vii.  p.  124.  pi.  Ixxviii.  ff.  0.  D.  (1775)  (Constantinople, 

Smyrna). 

Thi.s  insect  also  must  be  cxtraordmarily  scarce  in  Mauretania,  for  1  have 
heard  of  no  others  except  Mr.  Oberthiir's  single  specimen  and  my  own  two. 

1  Hussein  Day,  Alger,  Captain  HoU. 

I  Fenson,  Morocco,  April  1903,  W.  Riggenbach. 

Captain  Holl  sold  the  Hussem  Dey  example  to  me  as  c.  album,  and  it  was 
only  when  I  was  writing  this  article  that  I  found  out  it  was  an  egea. 


33.  Argymiis  maja  seitzi  Fruhst. 

Argynnis  maja  seUzi  Fruhstorfer,  Inlern.  ErUom.  Zeitsclir.  Guben,  vol.  ii.  p.  69  (1908)  (Alger  !  !  !). 

I  feel  sure  Fruhstorfer's  type  locality  rests  on  an  error,  for  I  have  no  know- 
ledge of  maja  seitzi  havmg  been  taken  nearer  to  Alger  than  Blida,  Hammam 
R'ihra,  and  the  Kabylie  (Dr.  Seitz  states  positively  in  Grossschm.  der  Erde,  vol.  i. 
that  the  type  specimens  were  taken  by  himself  in  the  Aures  Mountains). 

We  have  only  taken  two  specimens  ourselves  ;  of  these  the  Hammam 
R'ihra  individual  was  taken  by  our  taxidermist,  Carl  Hilgert. 

1  Mazagan,  Morocco,  May  1902,  W.  Riggenbach. 
1  Cap  Blanco,  Morocco,  May  1902,  W.  Riggenbach. 

4  Tamarouth,  Morocco,  June  1904,  W.  Riggenbach. 
15  Zoudj-el-Beghal,  Morocco,  July   1914,  Faroult. 

21  Masser  Mines,  June  1914,  Faroult. 
3  Titen  Yaya,  June  1915,  Rotrou. 
1  Magenta,  June  1915,  Rotrou. 
1  Sidi-bel-Abbeii,  June  1915,  Rotrou. 
12  LeUa  Kredidja,  Kabylie,  July  1906-1907,  Dr.  Nissen. 
7  Blida    les   Glacieres,   June— August    1906-1912,   W.   R.   and  K.   J.,  Dr. 
Nissen  and  Captain  Holl. 

1  Hammam  R'ihra,  May  1913,  W.  R.  and  E.  H. 
3  Teniet-el-Haad,  June— July  1905,  Dr.  Nissen. 

5  Guelt-es-Stel,  July  1913,  Faroult. 
3  Khenchela,  July  1911,  Faroult. 

2  Djebel  Zacoar,  above  Miliana,  June  1916,  Faroult. 

The  Tring  series  numbers  88  uadividuals.  The  five  labelled  by  Faroult 
Guelt-es-Stel,  July  1913,  did  not,  I  feel  sure,  come  actually  from  Guelt-es-Stel; 
from  what  I  know  of  his  movements  between  May  and  August  1913,  they  must 
have  been  taken  somewhere  considerably  to  the  south-east  of  Guelt-es-Stel. 
nearer  the  Foret  de  Djelfa. 

The  British  Museum  has  no  specimens  of  maja  seitzi. 

Mr.  Meade- Waldo  gives  in  his  article  Sould  Jedid,  July  1901,  and  Tizi 
Gourza,  July  1901,  and  he  remarks  that  in  the  north  of  Morocco  he  only  saw 
two  worn  specimens,  while  in  the  High  Atlas  it  was  abundant. 

Miss  Fountaine  records  this  species  from  Teniet-el-Haad,  June  1904,  and 
Sebdou,  June  and  July  1904. 


NOVITATES    ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV.     1917.  97 

Mr.  Gibbs  records  it  from  Oran,  May  1910,  and  Tlemcen,  May  1910. 

The  specimens  of  Captain  Holl  are  labelled  Environs  d' Alger,  but  Blida  lea 
Glacieres  was  formerly  included  by  him  in  that  term  ;  though  he  later  specified 
the  actual  places  when  he  found  it  advantageous  to  do  so. 

34.  Argymiis  paphia  dives  Oberth. 

Argynnis  paphia  var.  dives  Oberthiir,  Bull.  Soc.  Entom.  France,  p.  26  (1908)  (Kabylie,  Yakouren). 

We  have  not  found  this  species  ourselves,  as  we  never  remained  in  Algeria 
late  enough,  for  it  is  not  on  the  wing  before  the  end  of  June  at  the  earliest. 
11  Leila  Kredidja,  July  1907,  Dr.  Nissen. 
13  Environs  de  Batna,  Nelva. 
2  Lambessa,  July  1912,  Nelva. 

Of  these  26  specimens  in  the  Tring  Museum,  1  S  from  Batna  and  1  ?  from 
Leila  Kjedidja  have  silver  stripes  on  the  underside  of  the  hmdwing  { =  ab. 
argyrea  Oberth.). 

No  specimens  of  •paphia  dives  are  in  the  British  Museum. 

35.  Argynnis  auresiana  Fruhst. 

Argynnis  adippe  auresiana  Fruhstorfer,    Intern.  Entom.    Zeitschr.    Ouben,  vol.   ii.    p.   69   (1908) 
(Aur&  Mountains). 

This  also  flies  much  later  in  the  year  than  we  ever  stayed  in  Algeria,  so 
that  Tring  Museum  has  none  of  our  own  collectmg.  There  appear  to  be  no 
differences  perceivable  between  specimens  from  the  Kabylie  Mountains  and 
those  from  the  Aures  Mountains. 

Ml-.  Charles  Oberthiir  considers  auresiana  a  good  distinct  species  and  cites 
Dr.  Reverdin  as  witness  ;  the  latter  having  compared  the  <J  genitalia  and 
found  them  very  distinct  from  adippe.  I  think  under  the  circumstances  it  is 
advisable  to  accept  this  viev, ,  until  Dr.  Jordan  can  confirm  or  disprove  it  by 
the  examination  of  a  number  of  specimens  of  both. 

11  Leila  Kredidja,  Kabylie,  July  1907,  Dr.  Nissen. 

95  Environs  de  Lambezc,  June  1912-1914,  Nelva. 

:i6.  Argynnis  lathonia  (Linn.). 

Papilio  lathonia  Linnaeus,  Syst.  Nat.  vol.  i.  p.  481.  No.  141  (1758)  (Europe). 

We  only  once  found  this  insect  at  Mustapha  Superior,  when  Dr.  Hartert 
caught  a  fine  specimen  with  his  hat.  This  is  accounted  for  by  the  fact  that  the 
insect  is  never  out  in  its  full  numbers  till  later  in  the  year  than  we  have  been 
in  Algeria  ;  but  it  is  strange  that  I  have  only  received  three  other  specimens 
during  the  last  nine  years. 

1  Zoudj-el-Beghal,  Morocco,  July  1914,  Faroult. 

1  Titen  Yaya,  June  1915,  Rotrou. 

1  Envnons  d'Alger,  May  1913,  W.  R.  and  E.  H. 

1  Djelfa,  June  1913,  Faroult. 

The  British  Museum  has  2  Algerian  specimens  ;  1  Lambessa,  May  1882, 
H.  J.  Elwes  ;   1  Alger,  Leech  coll. 

Mr.  Meade- Waldo  in  his  article  records  Sould  Jedid  and  Tsauritz  Entsa- 
gauz,  July  1901. 

7 


98  NOVITATES    ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV.     1917. 

37.  Melitaea  desiontainii  desJontainii  (Godart). 

Argynnis  desfontainii  Godart,  Enctjd.    Method.  Hist.  Nat.   Entoni.  vol.  ix.  p.  278.  No.  46  (1819) 
(Barbarie). 

This  insect  I  do  not  possess,  there  being  in  the  Tring  Museum  only  a  series 
of  desfontainii  boetica  taken  by  Dr.  Jordan  in  Portugal.  In  the  British  Museum 
are  3  specimens:  1  Sebdou,  1880-1882,  Dr.  Codet  ex  Elwes  coll.;  2  Algeria, 
Crowley  bequest.  I  have  3  labelled  desfontainii  from  my  brother's  former 
collection,  but  I  do  not  know  what  they  are  as  they  are  without  locality,  and 
instead  of  being  redder  than  boetica  are  much  duller. 

38.  Melitaea  cinxia  (Linn.). 

Papilio  cinxia  Linnaeus,  Si/st.  Nat.  vol.  i.  p.  480.  No.  137  (1758)  (Sweden). 

We  never  came  across  this  insect,  and  I  know  of  no  other  Mauretanian 
specimens  except  the  two  taken  by  Harold  Powell. 

39.  Melitaea  dejone  nitida  Oberth. 

Melitaea  dejone  forma  nitida  Oberthiir,  Etud.  Lepid.  Comp.  Fasc.   III.  p.  254  (1909)   (Tlemcen, 
Sebdou). 

Of  this  in.sect  I  have  no  specimens  and  there  are  none  in  the  British  Museum. 
When  we  were  at  Tlemcen  we  visited  the  Waterfall  more  than  once,  but  being 
the  month  of  April  we  were  too  early  for  dejone  nitida. 

40.  Melitaea  aetherie  algirica  Riihl. 

Mditaea  aetherie  var.  algirica  Riihl,  Pataearkt.  Grossschm.  p.  389  (1892-1895)  (Algeria). 

We  have  taken  this  species  in  various  places  and  have  a  fairly  large  series 
at  Tring,  but  the  ?  form  which  is  all  rufous  like  the  ^  is  much  rarer  than  the 
parti-coloured  ?.     The  Tring  series  consists  of  157  specimers, 
10  Masser  Mines,  May — June  1914,  Faroidt. 

1  Saida,  May  1913,  \v.  R.  and  E.  H. 

2  Tifrit,  May  1913,  W.  R.  and  E.  H. 

14  Hammam    R'ihra,    Maj — August    1913-1916,    W,    R.    and    E.    H.    and 
Faroult. 

1  Berrouaghia,  April  1914,  Faroult. 
73  Khenchela,  May— June  1911-1912,  W.  R.  and  K.  J.  and  Faroult. 
55  Batna,  Nelva. 
1  Ain  Taya,  May  1914,  W.  R.  and  E.  H. 

The  British  Museum  has  7  specimens  of  this  insect  :  2  Lambessa,  April- 
May  1882,  H.  J.  Elwes  ;  4  Lambessa,  June  1885,  L.  Bleuse  ex  Elwes  coll.  ; 
1  Algeria,  Crowley  bequest.  Miss  Fountaine  records  it  from  Teniet-el-Haad,  May 
—June  1904. 

41.  Melitaea  phoebe  punica  Oberth. 

Melitaea  phoebe  var.  punica  Oberthiir,  Etud.  Entom.  Fasc,  I.  p.  25.  pi.  1.  f.  3  (1876)  (Lambfeze). 

I  do  not  consider  we  are  justified  in  considering  this  Algerian  insect  as 
anything  more  than  a  very  well  marked  race  of  phoebe,  unless  the  study  of  the 


NOVITATES    ZOOLOC.ICAE    XXIV.     1917.  99 

genitalia  of  a  large  series  of  examples  should  hereafter  show  it  to  be  worthy  of 
specific  rank.  We  found  it  much  rarer  at  Khcnchela  than  aetheriae  algirica,  and 
in  the  west  of  Algeria  it  seems  to  become  still  rarer.  We  have  at  Tring  61 
specimens. 

2  Masser  Mines,  May  1914,  Faroult. 

1  Titen  Yaya,  May  1915,  Rotron. 

1  Bou  Cedraia,  May  1913,  Faroult. 

1  Berrouaghia,  April  !  !  !   1914,  Faroult. 
17  Khenchela,  May— June  1911-1912,  W.  E.,  K.  J.,  and  Faroult. 
39  Batna,  Nelva. 

The  specimen  from  Faroult  from  Berrouaghia  may  be  an  early  freak,  but 
I  expect  it  was  a  Khenchela  one  dragged  about  and  finally  put  in  by  mistake. 

The  British  Museum  possesses  12  specimens  :  6  Lambessa,  May  1882, 
H.  J.  Elwes  ;  4  Lambessa,  June  1885,  L.  Bleuse  ex  Elwes  coll.  ;  2  Algeria,  Leech 
coll. 

There  seems  to  be  little  or  no  variation  in  this  insect. 

41a.  Melitaea  phoebe  leechi  subspec.  nov. 

Differs  from  phoebe  punica  in  being  very  much  larger,  deep  rufous  not 
fulvous  yellow  or  rufous  yellow  as  in  p.  punica,  and  the  black  markings  are 
narrower  and  thinner.  They  are  as  large  almost  as  Chinese  examples  or  the 
largest  European  forms. 

Habitat.  Mogador.  14  specimens  collected  by  J.  H.  Leech  in  the  British 
Museum  ex  Leech  coll.,  Salvin  Godman  coll.,  and  Elwes  coll. 

These  are  all  the  specimens  recorded  so  far  as  I  know. 

[Melitaea  didyma  Ochs. 

This  is  the  most  variable  butterfly  almost  that  exists,  and  is  certainly  the 
most  widely  spread  Melitaea,  extending  as  it  does  from  Portugal,  Spain,  and 
France  to  the  Pacific,  and  from  the  Moroccan  coast  to  Abyssinia,  whUe  from 
north  to  south  it  reaches  in  the  west  from  Germany  to  the  Central  Sahara, 
and  in  the  east  from  North-east  Siberia  to  South  China.  It  is  not  only  variable 
individually,  but  splits  up  into  an  unusually  large  number  of  local  races,  and 
it  is  often  difficult  to  define  what  is  individual  and  what  is  local  variation. 

It  is  in  insects  such  as  this  that,  once  more,  it  is  apparent  that  for  adequate 
study  of  species  and  subspecies  of  living  creatures  it  is  almost  impossible  to 
have  too  large  a  series  of  specimens,  not  onlj'  in  regard  to  localities,  but  also 
from  each  individual  locality. 

In  1876,  when  describing  for  the  first  time  didyma  deserticola  as  an  aberration, 
Mr.  Oberthiir  cites  didyma  didyma  as  occurring  in  PhOippevUIe,  Oran,  Collo, 
etc.,  in  examples  similar  to  Pyrenean  examples,  whUe  from  Ain  Khala  he  had  a 
very  distinct  9  all  fiery  red.  In  1909  Mr.  Charles  Oberthiir  designated  tht- 
Spanish  and  Algerian  didyma  as  forma  mauretanica,  stating  that  Staudinger's 
names  occidentalis  and  meridionalis  had  been  applied  each  to  such  a  conglomera- 
tion of  local  races  that  they  could  not  stand,  and  a  new  nomenclature  was  required, 
in  order  that  a  name  could  be  applied  to  each  well-characterised  ASIATIC 
SACE. 


100  NOVJTATES    ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV.     1U17. 

Now,  the  names  occidentalis  and  meridionalis  were  given  by  Staudinger  in 
his  Catalog  der  Lepidopleren  Europas,  p.  8.  No.  198.  vars.  b.  and  c.  1861.  M.  d. 
occidentalis  was  given  to  Hiibner"s  figures  869-7U  [cinxi^i)  and  Henich  Schaeffer's 
fig.  133  {didyma  var.)  and  figs.  324-7  (trivia  var.).  The  latter,  fi.  324-7,  are 
definitely  stated  by  their  author  to  have  come  from  Mount  Ararat,  while  his 
No.  131  called  by  Staudinger  under  var.  d.  ^' dalmatina  (araratica)"  has  no 
locality  given  to  it  by  the  author  ;  from  the  name  given  to  H  rrich  Schaeffer's 
No.  131,  viz.  '' dalmatina  {araratica),"  it  is  evident  that  Staudiiiger  inverted 
the  numbers  by  mistake,  and  that  he  really  meant  to  call  Herrich  Schaeffer's 
ff.  324-7  "  var.  dalmatina  (araratica)"  while  intending  to  place  that  author's 
f.   131  under  occidentalis. 

As,  however,  Hiibner's  ft'.  869-70  stand  fii'st,  we  must  accept  these  ff.  as 
the  type  of  Staudinger's  occidentalis,  and  as  they  evidently  represent  a  Spanish 
didyma,  the  name  must  stand  for  the  Spanish  form.  Staudinger  gives  as  the 
habitat  of  his  meridionalis  Sicily  and  Turkey,  and  quotes  no  previous  author. 
As  Sicily  stands  first,  it  is  obvious  that  that  is  the  type  locality,  and  that 
meridionalis  will  have  to  stand  for  the  Sicilian  form. 

This  rules  out  Oberthiir's  contention  that  both  these  names  must  be  rejected, 
and  moreover  fixes  the  localities  of  the  types.  It  does  not,  however,  finally 
end  our  diflSculties,  for  there  appear  to  be  at  least  five  if  not  six  distinct  local 
races  in  Algeria  which  have  all  very  well  defined  areas  of  distribution  except 
interposita  Rothsch.,  which  appears  to  be  found  in  a  number  of  more  or  less 
isolated  places  in  many  Mauretanian  districts  surrounded  by  other  forms.  This 
would  pomt  to  its  being  an  ABEREATION  only,  but  it  is  constant  in  these 
isolated  localities,  so  it  would  appear  that  didyma  is  a  species  very  rapidly  affected 
by  local  conditions,  and  that  wherever  the  local  factors  which  cause  evolu- 
tionary activity  are  of  the  kind  aecessarj'  to  produce  interposita,  there  that 
form  appears,  and  becomes  fixed  though  it  may  be  only  in  a  small  area  com- 
pletely surrounded  by  territorj"  inhabited  by  otlier  local  races.  Unfortunatclj' 
I  have  no  Spanish  didyma  for  comparison,  only  Pyrenean  examples,  but  Hiibner's 
figure  shows  a  very  brilliant  red  insect  with  rather  small  spots  and  of  a  large 
size.  Moreover,  it  has  pointed,  extended  forewings  not  rounded  at  the  apices 
as  in  Algerian  specimens.  I  have  sho^vn  that  this  Spanish  race  must  be  called 
occidentalis  Stdgr.,  therefore  the  name  mauretanica  Oberth.  can  only  by  applied 
to  Mauretanian  examples  ;  but  here  we  are  again  met  by  a  difficulty,  for  the 
Moroccan  specimens  collected  by  Mr.  Meade-Waldo  are  not,  as  stated  by  Mr. 
Elwes,  didyma  deserticokt,  but  belong  to  my  interposita,  while  the  West  Algerian 
specimens  generally  belong  to  Mr.  Oberthiir's  mauretanica,  and  the  extreme 
East  Algerian  and  West  Tunisian  specimens  belong  to  another  race  which  is 
much   smaller,  and  which  I  described  as  didyma    nisseni  (type  Ain    Draham). 

The  specimens  from  the  Northern  Atlas  Range  in  the  Province  of  Oran 
(Sebdou),  the  Kabylie  (Djurjura),  and  the  Aures  Mountains  all  belong  to  my 
interposita  (type  Batna),  and  which  very  often  so  closely  approximate  to  didyma 
deserticola  Oberth.  (type  Biskra)  that  it  is  hard  to  distinguish  them  on  the 
upper  side  ;  below,  the  heavier  black  markings  of  deserticola  are  at  once  apparent . 
The  form  harterti  from  the  Central  Sahara  is  so  distinct  as  to  be  at  once  dk- 
tinguishable  from  deserticola  above  and  below,  and  is  unlike  any  other  Jlaurc- 
tanuin  form. 

As  stated  before,  in  1876   3L-.  Oberthiir  declared  a  series  of  PhUippeville 


NOVITATES    ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV.     1917.  101 

specimens  to  be  identical  with  Pyrenean  individuals,  while  he  remarks  that 
his  Ain  Khala  $  was  quite  unlike  the  dull  olive  Pj'renean  ??  in  being  bright  red. 
I  unfortunately  do  not  possess  Philippeville  specimens,  but  I  can  say  that  out 
of  the  464  Algerian  didyma  (of  five  races)  I  possess,  146  are  ??,  and  that  in  all 
cases  they  are  either  red  or  sandy-yellow,  according  to  the  subspecies,  like  the  <?<?. 
They  only  differ  in  being  generally  slightly  paler.  The  Pyrenean  ??,  on  the 
other  hand,  vary  from  slate-grey  suffused  with  rufous  on  costal  half  of  hindwing, 
to  deep  olivaceous  slate  colour  suffused  with  gallstone  yellow,  and  with  rufous 
hindwings  ;  while  Sicilian  ?$  (meridionalis)  vary  from  mouse-grey  with  rufous 
Ixindwings,  to  sandy  rufous,  the  forewing  slightly  washed  with  olive.  Algerian 
cJc?,  both  of  the  western  manreinnica  form  and  the  eastern  nisseni  form,  have 
the  rufous  colouring  less  brilliant  and  more  of  a  sandy  tone  than  either  Spanish 
occidentalis,  Sicilian  meridiomilis,  or  Pyrenean  examples  of  didyma.'] 

42.    Melitaea  didyma  mauretanica  Oberth. 

Mditaea  didyma  forma  mauretanica  Obertliiir,  Etud.  Lipiil.  Comp.  Fasc.  III.  p.  243  (1909)  (Algeria, 
Spain). 

This  form  differs  from  my  nisseni  in  its  larger  size,  and  in  the  postmedian 
rufous  band  on  the  underside  of  the  hindwing  being  farther  away  from  the 
antimedian  band.     The  Tring  series  numbers  153  specimens. 

3  Hammam  R'ihra,  August  1915.  Faroult. 
145  JLisser  Mines,  June  1914,  Faroult. 

1  Tlemcen,  April  1914,  W.  P.  and  E.  H. 

2  Titon  Yaya,  May  1915,  Rotrou. 

2  ?  (labelled  Bou  Saada,  May  1912,  Faroult,  but  evidently  not  from  there). 

Miss  Fountaine  gives  Teniet-el-Haad,  June   1904. 

42a.   Melitaea  didyma  nisseni  Rothsch. 

Mditaea  didyma  ni.sse7ii  Rothschild,  Novit.  Zool.  vol.  xx.  p.  115  (1913)  (Ain  Draham). 
149  Am  Draham,  July — August   1911,  Faroult. 

426.  Melitaea  didyma  interposita  Rothsch. 

Melitaea  didyma  interposita  Rothschild,  Novit.  Zool.  vol.  xx.  p.  115  (1913)  (Batna). 

This  race  of  didyma  is  not  only  remarkable  from  its  iiregular  and  widely 
separated  areas  of  occurrence  ;  but  also  for  its  subspecific  characters  !  For 
while  the  cJcJ  resemble  more  nearly  d.  mauretanica  and  never  approach  very 
close  to  d.  deserticola,  the  ??  are  much  nearer  to  d.  deserticola,  some  being  so 
close  to  the  latter  on  the  upper  surface  that  should  the  locality  ticket  be  absent, 
only  the  examination  of  the  underside  can  determine  which  are  which. 

16  Environs  de  Batna,  Nelva. 

3  Lambessa,  June   1912,  Nelva. 

4  Oued  Hamidou,  June  1912,  Faroult. 

The  Tring  series  comprises  23  individuals.  The  British  Museum  possesses 
8:  6  Meade- Waldo  ;  2  Djurjura,  July  1884,  J.  Merkl  ex  Elwes  coll.  Mr- 
Meade- Waldo  in  his  article  gives  the  following  data  :  Rabat,  May  1901 ;  Agurgur, 
July  1901;   Tsauritz  Entsagauz,  July  1901. 

Miss  Fountaine  records  this  form  from  Sebdou,  .June — July   1904. 


102  XOVITATES    ZOOLOOICAE    XXIV.    1917. 

42c.  Melitaea  didyma  deserticola  Oberth. 

Melitaea  didyma  ab.  deserticola  Oberthur,  Etiid.  Entom.  Fasc.  I.  p.  25.  pi.  iii.  f.  1  (1876)  (Biskra). 

The  characteristic  differences  of  d.  deserticola  from  d.  maurelanica  and 
d.  nisseni  are  in  the  large  size  paler  sandy-rufous  colour  above,  with  fewer  though 
larger  black  spots,  and  in  the  mcreased  size  of  the  black  spots  below  and  the 
great  reduction  of  the  yellow  bands  below  on  the  hindwings. 

The  antennae  also  are  very  curious  in  the  Algerian  didyma  ;  m  d.  7naure~ 
lanica  and  d.  nisseni  the  club  of  the  antenna  is  black  above  with  a  small  maroon 
tip  ;  in  interposita  the  tip  is  larger,  more  rufous,  and  this  colour  invades  the 
blade  of  the  club  ;  in  d.  deserticola  and  d.  harterti  the  club  is  entirely  rufous, 
scaled  more  or  less  with  white  or  grey  scales  mostly  at  the  basal  portion. 

1  El  Outaya,  March  1909,  W.  R.  and  E.  H. 
23  BLskia,  March  1909-1914,  W.  R.  and  E.  H. 

1  Zaatcha,  40  kilometres  south-west  of  Biskra,  March  1909,  W.  R.  and 
E.  H. 

30  Bordj  Chegga,  65  kilometres  south  of  Biskra,  February  1912,  E.  H.  and 
C.  H. 

The  British  Museum  has  6  specimens  of  this  race:  2  Biskra,  March  1902, 
Mrs.  M.  de  la  B.  Nicholl  ;  4  Bisla-a,  Jlay  1885  and  March  1886,  L.  Bleuse  and 
Lieutenant  Lahaye,  ex  Elwes  coll. 

i2d.  Melitaea  didyma  harterti  Rothsch. 

Melitaea  didyma  harterti  Rothschild,  Sovit.  Zool.  vol.  xx.  p.  115.  No.  13  (1913)  (El  Hadadia). 

This  is  the  most  distinct  form  of  didyma  and  is  unlike  any  other  Melitaea 
in  the  pale  sandy-yellow  ground  colour  which  approximates  to  that  of  M.  acraeina 
Stdgr.  In  fact  2  ??  specinrens  which  have  the  bands  of  black  spots  on  the 
hmdwings  absent  and  much  reduced  on  the  forewings  so  much  resemble  this 
species  that  I  here  name  them  ab.  pseudoacraeina  ab.  nov.  ;  I  also  here  name 
a  ?  specimen,  which  has  the  black  spots  absent  on  the  hindwings  and  the  post- 
median  band  of  black  spots  on  the  forewing  strongly  increased,  ab.  nigrofasciata 
ab.  nov. 

4  S.  Oued  Mya,  April— May  1912,  E.  H.  and  C.  H. 
57  El  Hadadra,  May  1912,  "e.  H.  and  C.  H. 

7  north  of  El  Golea,  May  1912,  E.  H.  and  C.  H. 
15  Ghardaia,  May  1912-1914.  E.  H.  and  G.  H. 

1  Oued  N9a,  June  1912,  E.  H.  and  C.  H. 

1  Oued  Segrir,  June  1912,  E.  H.  and  C.  H. 

I  Sands  of  El  Arich,  June  1912,  E.  H.  and  C.  H. 

1   65  kilometres  east  of  Ghardaia,  June  1912,  E.  H.  and  C.  H. 

43.  Satyrus  (Nytha)  ellena  Oberth. 

Satyrus  alcyone  var.  ellena  Oberthiir,  Eliid.  Entom.  Fasc.  XIX.  p.  19.  pi.  vii.  f.  57  (1894)  (B6ne), 

Under  this  insect  in  his  Etitd.  Lipid.  Camp.  Fasc.  III.  pp.  260-261,  Mr. 
Oberthiir  cites  various  statements  by  Fruhstorfer  on  the  subject  of  the  names 
hermione,  alcyone  and  fagi,  and  says  that  he  does  not  propose  to  accept  the  name 
jagi   Scopoli   because   it   is   pre-Liimaean    (Scopoli's   Entomologia   Carniolica   ig 


NOVITATES    ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV.     1917.  103 

dated  1763,  while  Linnaeus  described  hermione  first  Mus.  Lnd.  Ulr.  p.  281.  No. 
99  (1764)  (Portugal),  and  afterwards  Syst.  Nat.  edit.  xii.  vol.  i.  part  ii.  p.  773, 
No.  149  (1767)  (Germany)),  but  I  should  like  to  point  out  that  Mr.  Oberthiir 
is  entirely  mistaken  in  saying  that  Scopoli  is  pre-Linnaean,  for  zoologists  date 
the  commencement  of  zoological  nomenclature  from  Linnaeus'  Systema  Naturae 
editio  X.  1758,  and  not  from  the  editio  xii.  1766-1767. 

However,  this  has  little  bearing,  at  present,  on  the  insect  under  considera- 
tion, for  I  agree  with  Mr.  Oberthiir  that  ellena  is  more  likely  to  be  a  distinct 
species,  and  I  am  treating  it  as  such,  till  the  examination  of  the  genitalia  in 
comparison  with  those  of  hermione  and  alcyone  shall  have  settled  the  question. 

My  Batna  and  Blida  examples  are  considerably  smaller  than  the  Ain  Draham 
ones  as  a  rule,  but  the  Alger  ones  are  intermediate. 

6  Environs  d'Alger,  Captain  Holl. 

7  Blida  les  Glacieres,  August  1906-1912,  Dr.  Nissen  and  Captain  Holl. 
77  Environs  de  Batna,  August  1912-1914,  Nelva. 

1  Aumale,  August  1912,  Faroult. 

3  Ain  Draham,  July  1909-1912,  Faroult. 

The  Tring  series  comprises  94  specimens. 

44.  Satyrus  (Chazara)  briseis  major  Oberth. 

Satyrus  briseis  var.  major  Oberthiir,  Etud.  Entom.  Fasc.  I.  p.  27  (1876)  (Boghari). 

We  never  found  this  insect,  as  it  flies  from  end  of  June  to  October.  In 
fact  the  only  two  species  of  the  larger  Satyridae  we  have  taken  personally  in 
Algeria  are  Satyrus  {Clmzara)  prieuri,  Pierret,  and  Satyrus  (Eumenis)  semele  (Linn.), 
as  all  the  rest  are  on  the  wing  later  than  the  middle  of  June.  It  is  true  that 
S.  abdelkader  latnbessanus  Stdgr.  flies  in  April  and  May,  but  we  have  only  twice 
been  Ln  its  neighbourhood,  and  then  failed  to  see  it. 

50  Environs  de  Batna,  July — August   1908-1914,  Nelva  and  TaLllefer. 

45.  Satyrus  (Chazara)  prienri  Pierret. 

Satyrus  prieuri  Pierret,  Ann.  Soc.  Entom.  Fiance,  vol.  vi.  p.  304  (1837)  (Bougie). 

We  have  taken  this  insect  at  Ain  Sefra  in  May,  but  it  was  only  just  com- 
mencing to  appear.  Mr.  Obsrthiir  in  1909  remarks  that  he  did  not  know  this 
species  to  have  occurred  outside  the  Province  of  Oran,  and  Mr.  Harold  Powell 
only  obtained  it  in  that  province.  Dr.  Nissen  and  Faroult,  however,  found  it 
abundant  at  Guelt-es-Stel.  It  does  not  appear  to  vary  very  much.  The  Trmg 
series  numbers  530  specimens. 

10  Ain  Sefra,  May  1913,  W.  R.  and  E.  H. 
10  Titen  Yaya,  June  1915,  Rotrou. 
1  Les  Pins,  July  1915,  Rotrou. 
24  Smila,  Oran,  June  1914,  Faroult. 
295  Guelt-es-Stel,  June— August   1913,  Faroult. 
118  Djelfa,  June  1913,  Faroult. 
69  Foret  de  Djelfa,  June  1913,  Faroult. 

The  British  Museum  has  3  from  Meade-Waldo.  Mi-.  Meade-Waldo  gives 
in  his  article  Tizi  Gourza,  July  1901. 

Miss  Fountame  gives  Terney,  near  Tlemcen  and  Sebdou,  July  1904. 


,104  NOVITATES    ZOOLOCICAE    XXIV.     1917. 

46.  Satyrus  (Eumenis)  semele  algirica  Oberth. 

StUyrus  semele  var.  algirica  Oberthiir,  Etud.  d'ErUmn.  Fasc.  I.  p.  27  (1876)  (Daya,  etc.). 

This  insect  appears  to  be  extraordinarily  abundant  in  some  localities  in 
Algeria. 

1  Masser  Mines,  May  1914,  Faroult. 

2  Ain  Sefra,  May  1913-1915,  W.  R.  and  E.  H.,  Faroult. 
1  Ras  Chergui,  July  1915,  Faroult. 

7  Saida,  May  1913,  W.  R.  and  E.  H. 
37  Titen  Yaya,  June  1915,  Rotrou. 

1  Abd-el-Kader,  July   1905,  Dr.  Nissen. 
70  Blida  les  Glacieres,  June  1908,  W.  R.  and  K.  J. 
370  Guelt-es-Stel,  May— June  1913,  Faroult. 
41  Environs  de  Batna,   1912-1914,  Nelva. 

6  Lambessa,  June  1912,  Nelva. 

The  Tring  series  comprises  535  individuals. 

The  British  Museum  possesses  8  specimens  :  1  Meade-Waldo  ;  2  Algiers, 
Leech  coll.  ;  1  Algeria,  Crowley  bequest ;  1  Lambessa,  June  1885,  L,  Bleuse  ex 
Elwes  coll. 

Mr.  Meade- Waldo  gives  in  his  article :  Imentalla  and  Tsauritz  Entsagauz, 
July  1901. 

47.  Satyrus  (Satyrus)  powelli  Oberth. 

Satyrus  powelli  Oberthiir,  Bull.  Soc.  Eniom.  France,  1910,  p.  333  (Djebel  Amour). 

This  insect  has  hitherto  been  taken  only  in  the  Djebel  Amour  and  at  Guelt- 
es-Stel.  It  varies  much  in  size  :  the  largest  cj  has  the  forewing  27  mm.  in  length 
and  a  total  expanse  of  59  mm.,  and  the  smallest  <J  has  the  forewing  21  mm.  in 
length  and  a  total  expanse  of  46  mm.  The  largest  ?  has  the  forewing  28  mm. 
long  and  a  total  expanse  of  61  mm.,  and  the  smallest  ?  has  the  forewing  23  mm. 
long  with  a  total  expanse  of  49  mm. 

This  species  is  also  variable  in  other  respects  :  in  the  males  above,  the  ocelli 
sometimes  have  a  white  central  dot  and  sometimes  not ;  one  very  small  <^  shows 
no  ocelli  on  the  upper  surface,  and  one  rather  large  cj  has  the  upper  of  the  two 
ocelli  ringed  strongly  with  bufif  as  in  the  ? ;  two  other  <J<J  have  Iboth  ocelli  with 
buffs  rings.  In  the  ??  the  ocelli  vary  much  in  size,  and  I  have  two  with  enor- 
mous black  patches  with  buff  rings  in  place  of  ocelli.  Then  in  the  ?$  the  buff 
rings  vary  also,  and  I  have  one  9  in  which  they  have  spread  so  much  that  the 
outer  half  of  the  wing  above  is  buff,  as  in  mniszechi,  and  two  or  three  others 
more  or  less  intermediate.  It  is  curious,  however,  that  although  so  variable 
above,  the  hindwing  pattern  below  is  so  very  constant. 
250  Guelt-es-Stel,  September— October  1912-1913,  Faroult. 

3  Region  d'Aflou,  October  1911,  Harold  Powell. 

[Satyrus  hansii  Aust.  and  Satyrus  sylvicola  Aust. 

These  two  Satyrids  are  extremely  puzzling  and  in  consequence  have  been 
treated  in  many  different  ways  by  those  LepidoptcrLsts  who  have  written  about 
them.  The  only  final  and  reliable  test  will  be  when  the  genitalia  of  these  insects 
are  studied  comparatively  with  those  of  statilinus  and  fatua  {  =  allionii). 


NOVITATES   ZOOLOGICAE   XXIV.     1917.  105 

In  the  British  Museum  Mr.  Elwe.s  has  himped  all  these  insects  together  under 
statilinus,  which  is  absolutely  WTong.  Dr.  Seitz,  in  his  GrossscUmetterlinge  der 
Erde,  places  hansii  as  the  Mauretanian  representative  of  statilinus,  and  sylvi- 
cola  as  that  of  fatiM ;  but  remarks  in  parenthesis  that  they  are  probably  good 
species,  though  our  knowledge  {i.e.  really  Dr.  Seitz's)  was  too  scanty  to  decide 
this.  One  thing  is  certam,  the  larvae  of  hansii  and  sylvicola  only  show  the  same 
differences  as  statilinus  and  fatiut,  viz.  the  much  larger  head  of  hansii,  but  they 
are  otherwise  as  imagos  so  different,  both  from  each  other  and  the  two  forms 
from  north  of  the  Mediterranean,  that  till  we  have  dissected  them  I  prefer  to 
treat  them  as  distinct  species,  especially  as  sylvicola  occurs  in  Algeria  in  several 
distinct  races.] 

48.  Satyrus  (Satyrus)  hansii  Aust. 

Saiyrus  hansii  Austant,  Le  Natvraliste,  vol.  i.  p.  138  (1879)  (Daya). 

The  Tring  Museum  has  no  specimens  of  this  species.  The  British  Museum 
has  9  specimens  :  5  Algeria,  Crowley  bequest  ;  3  Mauretania,  Grum-GrshimaUo 
coll.,  ex  Elwes  coll.  ;    1  Sebdou,  1880-1882,  Dr.  Codet  ex  Elwes  coll. 

Miss  Fountaine  records  it  from  Sebdou,  Jidy — August  1904. 


49.  Satyrus  (Satyrus)  sylvicola  sylvicola  Aust. 

Satyrus  sylvicola  Austaut,  Le  Naluraliste,  vol  ii.  p.  284  (1880)  (Sebdou). 

Tliis  race  is  the  darkest  of  the  four  races  of  sylvicola  described  from  Algeria. 

4  Titen  Yaya,  August  1915,  Rotrou. 
20  Les  Pins,  August  1915,  Rotrou. 

The  British  Museum  has  9  specimens,  all  without  data  :  3  Mauretania,  Grum- 
Grshimailo  coll.  ex  Elwes  coll.  ;  1  Algeria,  purchased  Janson  ;  5  Algeria,  Crowley 
bequest. 

49a.  Satyrus  (Satyrus)  sylvicola  oberthueri  >ubsp.  nov. 

Satyrus  sylvicola  var.  lamhessanusOhetth.\iT,  Etnd.  d'Entom.  Comp.  Fasc.  X.  p.  170  (1915)  (Lambese). 

Mr.  Oberthiir  gave  to  this  race  of  sylvicola  the  r.ame  lambessanus,  but 
Staudinger  in  Cat.  Lepid.  Palaear.  Faung.  Stdgr.  and  Reb.  p.  58.  No.  377  a.  (1901) 
gave  to  the  Eastern  race  of  Satyrus  abdelkader  the  name  of  lambessanus,  and 
one  cannot  have  two  identical  subspecific  names  in  the  same  genus  ;  therefore 
I  rename  this  race  oberthueri. 

It  stands  exactly  intermediate  between  «.  sylvicola  and  s.  cinerea. 

95  Environs  de  Batna,  August  1912-1914,  Nelva. 

The  British  Museum  has  2  Environs  de  Batna,  August  1910,  Rev.  A.  E. 
Eaton. 

496.  Satyrus  (Satyrus)  sylvicola  cinereus  Oberth. 

Satyrus  fauna  var.  cinerea  Oberthiir,  Bull.  Soc.  ErUom.  France,  1907.  p.  344  (Yakouren). 

I  do  not  possess  this  form,  and  possibly  the  only  other  man  who  may  have 
it  besides  Oberthiir  is  Dr.  Nissen. 


106  NOTITATES    ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV.    1917. 

49c.  Satynis  (Satynis)  sylvicola  holli  Oberth. 

Satyrue  sylvicola  var.  holli  Oberthiir,   Etud.  de  Lipid.  Comp.  Fasc.  III.  p.  275.  pi.  xvi.  ff.  36-37 
(1909)  (Blida  lea  Glaciferes). 

This  race  is  much  the  smallest  and  palest  found  in  Algeria.  Several  of 
the  specimens  from  Captain  Holl  are  labelled  "  Environs  d'Alger,"  but  I  beheve 
he  never  got  it  elsewhere  than  at  Blida. 

29  Blida  les  Glacieres,  August  1911-1912,  Dr.  Xissen  and  Captain  Holl. 

50.  Satyrus  (Satynis)  fidia  fidia  (Linn.). 

Papilio  fidia  Linnaeus,  Syst.  yat.  edit.  xii.  vol.  i.  part  ii.  p.  770.  No.  138  (1767)  (Barbary). 

This  species  occurs  in  three  distinct  races  in  Algeria.  The  typical  fidia 
fidia  is  very  large,  of  a  blackish  slate-grey  above  with  a  bluish  lustre ;  in  between 
the  ocelli  on  the  forewing  above  are  two  largish  white  spots.  On  the  under- 
side the  pattern  is  very  strongly  marked.  The  ocelli  are  hardly,  if  at  all,  marked 
with  yellow  in  the  $  above. 

2  Leila  Kredidja,  August  1907,  Dr.  Nissen. 

11  Djebel  Zaccar  above  Miliana,  August  1916,  Faroult. 

3  Oued  Hamidou,  August  1912,  Faroult. 
55  Sakamudi,  August  1912,  Faroult. 

22  Ain  Draham,  Tunisia,  September  1911,  Faroult. 
42  Envii-ons  de  Batna,  August  1912-1914,  Nelva. 

The  Batna  specimens  are  slightly  smaller  than  all  the  other  typical  fidia, 
but  cannot  be  separated  from  them. 

The  British  Museum  has  6  Mauretanian  specimens  :  3  Algeria,  Leech  and 
Hewitson  colls.  ;  1  Constantine  Hm.  ex  Elwes  coll.  ;  2  N.  Africa,  Salvin  God- 
man  coll. 

50a.  Satyrus  (Satyrus)  fldia  hebitis  subsp.  nov. 

Mr.  Oberthiir  described  his  fi^lia  tninor  from  Sierra  Alta  Albaracin,  Spain^ 
and  the  figures  (Etud.  dc  Lipid.  Comp.  Fasc.  III.  pi.  cxxv.  ff.  1108,  1109)  show  it 
to  be  a  very  dark  insect  with  no  yellow  round  the  ocellus  of  the  ?.  On  the  same 
plate  Mr.  Ob?rthiir  figures  a  much  larger  $  from  Geryville,  Sud  Oranais,  which 
has  large  orange  rmgs  to  the  ocelli  and  is  much  paler  ;  this  he  also  places  under 
his  /.  minor.  There  are  in  the  Tring  Museum  91  specimens  from  Guelt-es-Stel 
which  at  once  strike  the  eye  as  bemg  very  distinct  from  the  large  fidia  fidia  of 
the  coast  regions.  While  being  smaller  than  /.  fidia,  they  are  much  larger  than 
Spanish  /.  minor,  and  are  not  only  paler  in  colour,  but  appear  much  duller  hi 
shade  ;  these  I  propo.se  to  separate  as  a  subspecies  as  above  and  include  in  it 
the  Geryville  form. 

3.  Differs  from  /.  fidia  in  being  considerably  smaller  and  above  much  paler, 
more  brownish,  and  much  duller,  the  bluish  lustre  being  entu-ely  absent  and 
replaced  by  a  dull  bronzy  wash.  The  two  white  spots  between  the  ocelli  are 
much  smaller  and  even  absent  in  some  specimens  ;  below  the  pattern  is  less 
sharply  marked,  and  the  greys  are  less  pure,  more  bro\vnish. 

?.  Differs  above  in  being  as  a  rule  smaller  and  brownish  mouse-grey,  not 
blackish  slate-grey,  while  the  ocelli  have  large  yellow  wings  not  found  in  coastal 


NOVITATES    ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV.     1917. 


107 


/.  fidia  ;  below  they  are  very  distinct,  the  whole  forew  uig  being  sufiused  with 
yellow  and  the  hindwuigs  bemg  much  browner  in  tint  and  the  white  veins  being 
much  exaggerated.  The  size  is  very  even,  only  two  ??  being  markedly  smaller 
than  the  rest. 

Length  of  forewing.  Expanse. 

6"  fidia  fidui,  35  mm.         .......  74  mm. 

(J  fidia  hebitis,  30  mm.      .......  64  mm. 

(J  fidia  minor,  24  mm.       .  ......  51  mm. 

$  /.  fi^lia,  38  mm.     ........  81  mm. 

?  /.  hebitis,  26-35  mm 56-74  mm. 

?  /.  minor,  24  mm.  ........  52  mm. 

Habitat.   Hauts  Plateaux  and  southern  chain  of  the  Atlas  of  Provinces  of 
Alger  and  Oran  (type  ?,  Guelt-es-Stel). 

91  Guelt-es-Stel,  August— October   1913,  Faroult. 


506.  Satyrus  (Satyrus)  fidia  intermedia,  subsp.  iiov. 

This  is  the  form  of  fidia  from  the  Northern  Atlas  Range  in  the  Province  of 
Oran. 

(J  differs  from  /.  fidia  in  its  much  darker,  almost  black  upperside  without 
blue  lustre,  smaller  size,  and  smaller,  often  almost  absent  white  spots  between 
the  ocelli. 

?  differs  in  its  smaller  size,  darker  colour,  and  below  in  the  very  large  and 
strong  yellow  rings  to  the  ocelli. 

Length  of  forewing  :  (J  31  mm. ;  ?  33  mm.    Expanse  :  3  66  mm. ;  ?  70  ram. 

Habitat.  Les  Pins,  Sebdou  (type  3,  Les  Pins). 

14  Les  Pins,  Prov.  Oran,  August  1915,  Rotrou. 

Miss  Fountaine  found  this  insect  at  Sebdou,  July — August  1904. 


[Satyrus  abdelkader  Pierret. 

Mr.  Charles  Oberthiir  has  published  such  an  exhaustive  history  of  this 
famous  insect,  as  well  as  such  a  wealth  of  observation  and  study  carried  out 
by  Messrs.  Powell  and  Le  Cerf ,  that  nothing  remains  for  me  to  say  on  the  general 
subject  ;  but  I  cannot  help  disagreeing  with  Mr.  Oberthiir  about  some  of  his 
conclusions  in  regard  to  the  status  of  the  three  forms,  abdelkader,  lambessamis, 
and  nelvai. 

IMr.  Oberthiir  says  that  he  considers  abdelkader  and  nelvai  as  forms  of  one 
species,  while  he  regards  lambessanus  as  a  separate  species.  In  this  I  cannot 
follow  him  at  all,  for  among  my  Batna-Lambessa  specimens  are  some  <J(J  uidis- 
tinguishable  from  So  from  Titen  Yaya  in  the  Oranais.  I  consider  all  three 
forms  as  snbspecies  of  a  single  species  abdelkader,  but  I  agree  so  far  with  Mr. 
Oberthiir  that  I  think  lambessanus  has  become  more  differentiated  from  the 
other  two  than  they  have  from  each  other.  It  is  most  strange  that  while  in 
the  Oranais  abdelkader  abdelkader  flies  in  June  and  July,  this  same  form  at 
Guelt-es-Stel  flies  in  September  and  October.  The  form  lambessanus  flies  in 
April  and  May,  while  a.  nelvai  is  on  the  wing  from  end  of  August  throughout 
September.] 


108  NOV'ITATES    ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV.     1917. 

51.  Satyrus  (Cercyonis)  abdelkader  abdelkader  Pierret. 

Salyrua  ahddkadcr  Pierret,  Ann.  Soc.  Eiitom.  France,  vol.  vi.  p.  19.  pi.  i.  ff.  5,  6  (1837)  (Oran). 

4  Sidi-bel-Abbes,  Staudiiiger. 
31  Titen  Yaya,  June — July  1915,  Rotrou. 
261  Guelt-es-Stel,  September — October,  Dr.  Ni.-sen  and  FaroHlt. 

The  British  Museum  has  7  specimens  of  this  form  :  4  Algeria,  Crowley 
bequest ;  1  Algeria  (Heyne),  ex  Leech  coll.  ;  1  Algeria  purchased  from  Janson  ; 
I  Sebdou,  1880-1882,  Dr.  Codet  ex  Elwes  coll. 

The  Tring  Museum  series  comprises  296  specimens. 

Mr.  Meade-Waldo  in  his  article  records  this  insect  from  Tizi  Gourza,  July 
1901. 

51a.  Satyrus  (Cercyonis)  abdelkader  nelvai  Seitz. 

Satyrns  abdelkader  nelvai  Seitz,  Soc.  Entom.  vol.  xsvi.  p.  49  cum.  fig.  rj?  (1911)  (Aures  Mountains). 

Dr.  Seitz  in  above  description  states  that  the  exact  point  whence  the  types 
of  this  form  were  brought  to  Mr.  Nelva  was  unknown.  Mr.  Nelva,  who  furnished 
me  with  the  four  specimens  I  have,  informs  me,  however,  that  his  Arab  "Chasseurs" 
captured  them  on  the  Djebel  Menaa.  Mr.  Harold  Powell,  who  sent  to  Mi-. 
Oberthiir  several  hundreds  of  this  fine  insect,  states  that  it  is  comparatively 
very  rare  on  Menaa,  and  that  its  principal  stronghold  is  the  Djebel  MetlUi  and 
the  adjacent  peaks  to  the  west  of  El  Kantara. 

4  Djebel  Menaa,  Aures  Mountains,  Nelva  coll. 

The  British  Museum  has  no  specimen. 

51 6.  Satyrus  (Cercyonis)  abdelkader  lambessanus  Stdgr. 

Satyrus  abdelkader  var.  lambessanus  Staudinger,  in  Stdgr.  and  Rebel,  Cat.  Lepid.  Palaear.  Fanng. 
p.  58.  No.  377  a.  (1901)  (Lambeasa). 

This  form  is  now  the  best  Icnown  and  the  commonest  in  collections,  for 
very  few  entomologists  go  to  West  Algeria. 

79  Envkons  de  Batna,  April— May  1908-1914,  Nelva  and  Taillefer. 

The  British  Museum  has  5  specimens  :  1  Mauretania  !  !  Grum-GrshimaUo 
coU.  ex  Elwes  coll.  ;  1  Lambessa,  Hewitson  coll.  ;  1  Lambessa,  May  1882,  J.  H. 
Elwes  ;    1  Lambessa,  1875,  R.  Oberthiir  ex  Elwes  coll.  , 

52.  Satyrus  (Minois)  actaea  (Esp.). 

Papilio  actaea  Esper,  Schmett.  vol.  i.  part  ii,  t.  57.  ff.  1  a.  b.  (1780)  (Europe?). 

This  species  has  only  been  recorded  from  Mauretania,  and  in  his  article  he 
gives  Tsauritz  Entsagauz  and  Tizi  Gourza,  July  1901. 

5:5.  Satyrus  (Eumenis)  atlantis  Aust. 

Satyrus  atlantis  Austaut,  Int.  Entom.  Zeitsch.  Guben,  vol.  xix.  p.  29  (1905)  (Tsauritz  Entsagauz, 
Meade-Waldo). 

This  species  was  unfortunately  described  a  few  months  before  Mr.  Meade- 
Waldo's  article  appeared  from  specimens  collected  by  him,  or  rather  by  Mr. 
Vaucher  travelling  with  him  ;  so  that  his  name  moroccana  must  give  way  to 
atlantis  Aust. 


NOVITATES    ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV.     1917.  109 

I  have  no  specimens  of  this  species,  but  I  consider  it  is  quite  a  distinct 
species  and  not  a  subspecies  of  mniszechi. 
The  British  Museum  has  no  specimens. 

[Grenus  Satyrus.  This  genus  in  its  conventional  sense  is  very  large  and 
unwieldy,  and  many  authors  have  tried  to  split  it  up  into  several  genera.  In 
1819  Hiibner  in  his  "  Verzeichnis  bekanuter  Schmetteuliuge  "  placed  a  number 
of  species  of  the  famOy  Satyrinae,  which  at  the  present  time  stand  under  Satyrus, 
in  three  of  his  Coiti  =  genera,  viz.  Hipparchia,  Minois,  and  Eumenis.  W.  F. 
Kirby  in  his  Catalogiie  oj  Diurnal  Lepidoptera  (1871-1876)  has  used  Satyrus 
Latr.  (1810)  for  Hiibner's  two  Coiti  Pararge  and  Dira,  and  has  placed  under 
Hipparchia  Fabr.  a  mixture  of  Hipparchia  and  Satyrus  (conv.)  and  one  or  two 
other  things.  Fruhstorfer  has  used  Eumenis  Hiibn.  for  a  number  of  species, 
and  retains  Satyrus  for  actaea,  cordula,  abdelkader,  etc.  Fabricius,  who  was  the 
first  to  establish  Hipparchia,  placed  in  it  119  species,  of  which  he  enumerates 
10,  the  only  ones  now  retamed  in  Satyrus  being  hermione  and  fauna.  Satyrus, 
established  in  1810  by  Latreille  in  his  Considerations  Generates,  was  used  by 
its  author  for  a  curious  mixture  ;  he  divided  it  mto  two  sections — Sect.  I. 
consistmg  of  Brassolidae  Amathuriinae,  etc.,  and  Sect.  II.,  which  consisted  of 
Fabricius'  genus  Hipparchia.  Passing  over  a  number  of  other  attempts  at 
reconstructmg  the  genus  Satyrus,  I  wUl  confine  myself  to  the  system  adopted 
in  the  British  Museum.  There  the  genus  is  divided  up  into  9  genera:  Nythas 
containing  circe,  hermione,  and  their  allies  ;  Philareta,  containmg  anthe,  etc.  ; 
Karanasa,  with  huebneri  and  allies  ;  Kanetisa,  with  digna  ;  Chazara,  consistmg 
of  briseis  and  neighbouring  species  ;  Eumenis,  containing  seniele,  fidia,  etc.  ; 
Minois,  consisting  of  actaea  and  others  ;  and  Cercyonis,  consistmg  of  abdelkader 
and  its  races.  As  at  present  these  genera  have  not  to  my  mind  been  sufficiently 
established  by  careful  anatomical  study  of  all  the  elements  composing  them, 
I  prefer  to  place  them  in  brackets  after  Satyrus,  but  this  must  not  be  under- 
stood to  mean  that  I  consider  them  subgenera  or  that  I  acloiowledge  subgenera.] 

54.  Melanargia  galathea  lucasi  (Ramb.). 

Arge  lucasi  Rambur,  Cat.  Syst.  Lepidop.  AvJal.  p.  20  footnote  (1858)  (Bougie). 

Mr.  Oberthiir  considers  this  form  so  distinct  that  it  should  be  treated  as 
a  distinct  species  ;  I  cannot  see  in  it  anj'thing  more  than  a  very  well  defuied 
subspecies  of  galathea.  In  his  article  on  Moroccan  lepidoptera,  Mr.  Meade- 
Waldo  says  he  found  this  insect  very  abundant  m  the  Great  Atlas  ;  but  of 
course  the  insect  collected  by  him  was  the  following  subspecies.  He  also  men- 
tions a  very  large  and  pale  form  ;  this  will  be  dealt  with  later  on  when  I  give  a 
list  with  criticisms  of  Mr.  Meade- Waldo's  JMauretanian  material. 

1  Saida,  May  1913,  W.  R.  and  E.  H. 
7  Tifrit,  May  1913,  W.  R.  and  E.  H. 

2  Environs  d' Alger,  Captg,m  HoU. 

7  Bei  Bara,  Gr.  Kabylie,  July  1910,  Dr.  Nissen. 
35  Leila  Ivredidja,  July  1906-1912,  Dr.  Nissen. 

1  Teniet-el-Haad,  July  1905,  Dr.  Nissen. 
152  Environs  de  Batna,  May  1912-1914,  Nelva. 
25  Khenchela,  May  1912,  W.  R.  and  K.  J. 


110  NoviTATEs  ZooT.ontrAE  XXIV.   1917. 

We  never  found  this  insect  in  the  cast  of  Algeria  except  at  Khenchela,  and 
in  the  west  it  was  far  from  common. 

The  Tring  series  comprises  230  specimens. 

The  Britisli  Museum  possesses  10  individuals  of  this  form  :  5  Algeria, 
Crowley  bequest  ;  1  Algiers  (Heyne),  Leech  coll.  ;  1  Lambessa  ex  Elwes  coll.  ; 
3  Lambessa,  June  1885,  L.  Bleuse  ex  Elwes  coll.  In  addition  to  the  above 
10  specimens  the  Museum  has  2  purchased  from  Heyne  through  Janson  and 
labelled  "  Morocco."  They  appear  to  me  not  to  be  lucasi  and  certainly  never 
came  from  Morocco. 

Miss  Fountaine  records  it  from  Teniet-el-Haad,  Maj'  and  June  1904. 

5to.  Melanargia  galathea  meade-waldoi  subsp.  nov. 

This  form  differs  from  g.  lucasi  by  the  black  markings  on  the  upperside 
being  much  wider  and  more  pronounced,  thus  bearing  the  same  relation  to 
iucasi  as  procida  does  to  galathea.  It  shows  the  same  differences  from  procida 
as  lucasi  does  from  galathea.     Type  S,  Tamarouth. 

1  "Maroc  Meridional"  ex  coll.  Bethune  Baker. 

2  Tamarouth,  Morocco,  June  1904,  W.  Riggenbach. 

The  British  Museum  has  6  specimens,  Meade-Waldo.  Mr.  Meade-Waldo 
records  Tsauritz  Entsagauz  and  Imentalla,  July  1901. 

55.  Melanargia  syllius  pelagia  Oberth. 

Melanargia  syUiiis  pelagia  Oberthiir.  Etud.  Lepidop.  Comp.  Fasc.  V.  p.  188.  pi.  Ix.  f.  547  (Sebdou, 
Geryville). 

We  never  came  across  this  species,  and  Mauretanian  examples  are  absent 
from  the  British  Museum  collections.  It  is  apparently  a  rare  species  in 
Mauretania; 

1  Titen  Yaya,  June  1915,  Rotrou. 

2  Guelt-es-Stel,  April  1913  !  !   Faroult. 
23  Djelfa,  May  1913,  Faroult. 

56.  Melanargia  ines  ines  (Hoffm.). 

Papilio  ines  Hoffmannsegg.  III.  Mag.  vol.  iii.  p.  205  (1804)  (nom.  nov.  pro  Papilio  Ihetis  Hiibner, 
Samml.  Eur.  Schmetl.  vol.  i.  pi.  47.  ff.  196-197  (1779)  (nom.  praeoc.  Papilio  thetis  Rottenburg, 
Naturf.  vol.  vi.  p.  24.  No.  11  (1775)). 

This  insect  is  one  of  the  commonest  Satyrids  tliroughout  Algeria,  and  my 
series  of  630  specimens  is  only  the  pick  out  of  some  1,600-1,800  specimens 
collected  in  Algeria  during  the  years  1909-1914.  Herr  Fritz  Wagner,  Intern. 
Entom.  Zeitsch.  G-uben.  vol.  vii.  p.  111.  cum  fig.  (1913),  has  described  as  ines 
var.  fathme,  a  series  of  ines  taken  by  him  at  Tunis  close  to  the  seashore.  He 
characterises  his  supposed  new  form  by  stating  that  the  black  is  strongly  re- 
duced, and  tlierefore  considers  the  insect  to  be  intermediate  between  ines  and 
arge  Sulz.,  which  he  consequently  considers  to  be  subspecies  of  one  species. 

Before  considering  the  claims  to  distinction  of  jathme  Wagn..  I  must  point 
out  here  that  Herr  Wagner  is  in  error  concerning  arg'e  and  its  relationship  to 


NOVITATES    ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV.     1917.  Ill 

ines.  In  ines  the  vein  1  along  the  abdominal  area  of  the  hindwing  is  single, 
while  in  arge  it  is  double,  and  forms  a  loop  like  in  syllius  Herbst.,  and  in  fact 
I  should  at  once  say  it  was  only  a  local  race  of  that  species  if  it  were  not  for 
the  nervures  on  the  underside  being  black  instead  of  rufous  as  in  syllius  ;  any- 
how, it  is  certainly  not  a  subspecies  of  ines.  As  to  the  distinctness  of  fathme 
from  ines,  at  first  sight,  and  compared  with  most  Algeiian  and  Spanish  speci- 
mens in  collections,  they  are  certainly  much  whiter,  but  when  comparing  a 
series  of  8  Tunisian  specimens  with  1,600-1,800  Algerian  and  10  Spanish,  I 
confess  that  I  cannot  uphold  the  subspecific  distinctness  of  the  Tunis  examples. 
I  find  in  the  1,000-1,500  Guelt-es-Stel  specimens  and  in  the  El  Kantara  series 
quite  half  which  are  as  white  as  Tunisian  specimens,  though  the  Spanish  ones 
are  certainly  all  dark,  but  not  so  dark  as  a  number  of  Algerian  ones.  I  there- 
fore must  reluctantly  come  to  the  conclusion  that  Herr  Wagner's  fathme  can 
only  be  considered  as  an  aberration  and  must  stand  as  ab.  jathme  Wagn. 

It  is  quite  otherwise  with  the  form  from  the  west  coast  of  Morocco  :  this 
form  is  quite  as  white  as  if  not  whiter  than  Herr  Wagner's  fathme,  but  it  is  not 
small,  like  the  Tunisian  examples,  but  has  developed  to  a  gigantic  size.  This 
is  described  further  on. 

The  total  series  selected  for  the  Tring  Museum  of  Algerian  and  Tunisian 
ines  is  638. 

3  Moroccan  Frontier,  May  1914,  Faronlt. 
65  Masser  Mines,  May  1914,  Faroult. 

4  Lalla  Marnia,  May  1914.  Faroult. 

12  Ras  Chergui,  Djebel  Mekter,  May  1915,  Faroult. 
50  Oran,  April  1913,  W.  R.  and  E.  H. 
2  Berrouaghia,  May  (April  ?)  1913,  Faroult. 
2  Boghari,  May  1914  (April  1),  Faroult. 
374  Guelt-es-Stel,  April— June  1913,  Faroult. 

1  Djelfa,  May  1913,  Faroult. 

2  Bou  Saada,  May  1911,  Faroult. 

17  Djebel  Kerdada,  May  1912,  Faroult. 

74  El  Kantara,  May  1909-1911,  W.  R.,  E.  H.,  and  Cheli  Brahim. 
12  Khenchela,  May  1912,  W.  R.  and  K.  J. 
14  Environs  de  Batna,  May  1912,  Nelva. 
8  Environs  de  Tunis,  April — June  1916,  E.  Blanc. 

The  British  Museum  has  8  specimens  of  this  species  :  2  Algeria,  Elwes  coll. ; 
1  Oran,  Elwes  coll. ;  1  Constantine  (Heine),  ex  Elwes  coll.  ;  4  El  Kantara, 
March  1902,  Mrs.  M.  de  la  P.  Nicholl  and  Lord  Walsingham.  Miss  Fountaine 
records  it  from  Teniet-el-Haad,  May — June  1904. 

56a.  Melanargia  ines  colossea  subsp.  nov. 

(J  ?.  Differs  from  ines  ines  in  the  great  reduction  of  the  black  pattern  and 
in  its  large  size. 

Length  of  forewing.  Expanse. 

ines  ines  (Spain),  cj  23-27  mm.,  ?  26-29  mm.    .  .  <J  50-58  mm.,  $56-62  mm. 

ines  ines  (Algeria),  ^  22-27  mm.,  ?  24-27  mm.  '  .  cJ  48-58  mm.,  ?  52-58  mm. 

ines  ines  (Tunis),  (J  26  mm.,  $  275  mm.  .          .  .  .     cJ  56  mm.,  ?  59  mm. 

ines  colossea,  cJ  30  mm.,  $  33  mm.    .          .          .  .  .     <J  65  mm.,  ?  71  mm. 


112  NOVITATES    ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV.     1917. 

Habitat.  West  Coast,  Morocco  (Mazagan,  Tamarouth,  Eabat,  Mogador). 
Type:    ?,  Rabat. 

5  Rabat,   1914,  A.  Thery. 

1  Orange  Grove,  Oum-er-Rebia,  April  1901,  E.  H. 
7  Mazagan,  April  1902,  W.  Riggenbach. 

1  Tamarouth,  June   1904,  W.  Riggenbach. 

2  Morocco  ?   (Barrett  coll.,  labelled  Cape  Colony). 

The  specimen  from  the  Oum-er-Rebia  collected  by  Mr.  Hartert  is  absolutely 
a  freak,  as  it  is  the  smallest  ines  I  have  seen,  and  evidently  a  starved  dwarf  ; 
length  of  forewing  21  mm.,  expanse  45  mm.  The  British  Museum  has  3 
specimens  :  1  Mogador,  Leech  ;  2  Meade-Waldo.  Mr.  Meade- Waldo's  o  is  a 
melanistic  specimen.  In  his  article  he  gives  only  Tsauritz  Entsagauz,  July 
1901  ;  but  the  $  in  the  British  Museum  is  labelled  south  of  Estat. 

57.  Pararge  maera  meade-waldoi  subsp.  nov. 

?  differs  from  ?  P.  inaera  m  the  fulvous  orange  of  the  forewuig  being  replaced 
by  deep  rufous  somewhat  yellower  round  the  ocellus  ;  and  on  the  hindwmg 
in  the  black  of  the  ocellus  bemg  reduced  and  the  white  increased,  while  the 
orange  round  ocellus  is  replaced  by  deep  rufous. 

Habitat.  Tizi  Gourza,  10,000  ft.  (July  1901). 

The  British  Museum  has  1  specimen,  the  type  of  this  description,  from 
Mr.  Meade-Waldo. 

58.  Pararge  megera  megera  (Linn.). 
Papilio  megera  Linnaeus,  Si/st.  Nat.  edit.  xii.  vul.  i.  part  ii.  p.  771.  No.  142  (Austria,  Danemarsb). 

We  found  this  insect  widely  spread  in  Algeria,  but  never  very  numerous. 
The  Tring  series  from  Mauretania  consists  of  131  specimens. 
1  Ouled  Farsh,  Morocco.  May  1901,  W.  Riggenbach. 
1  Mazagan,  Morocco,  June   1900,  W.  Riggenbach. 
1  Truchan,   Morocco,   May    1901,   W.   Riggenbach. 
4  Djebel  Tixa,  Morocco,  March  1905,  W.  Riggenbach. 
4  Zoudj-el-Beghal,  Morocco,  May  1914,  Faroult. 
14  Masser  Mines,  June  1914,  Faroult. 
1  Nedroma,  June  1914,  Faroult. 
1  Lalla  Marnia,  December  1914,  Faroult. 

1  Djebel  Mekter,  Ain  Sefra,  May  1913,  E.  H.  and  C.  H. 

2  Ras  Chergui,  May  1915,  Faroult. 

3  Titen  Yaya,   June — August   1915,   Rotrou. 

1  Saida,  May  1913,  W.  R.  and  E.  H. 

4  Oran,  April  1913,  W.  R.  and  E.  H. 

6  Environs  d' Alger,  AprU— May  1908-1912,  W.  R.,  E.  H.,  and  K.  J. 

2  Leila  Kredidja,  July  1907,  Dr.  Nissen. 

4  Blida  les  Glacieres,  June  1908,  W.  R.  and  K.  J. 
13  Hammam  R'ihra,  May  1908-1913,  W.  R.,  E.  H.,  and  K.  J. 

1  Boghari,  AprU  1911,  W.  R.  and  E.  H. 
25  Guelt-es-Stel,  March— June  1912-1913,  W.  R.,  K.  J.,  and  Faroult. 


NOVITATES    ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV.     1917.  113 

1  Djelfa,  June  1913,  Faroult. 

1  Djebel  Kerdada.  May  1912,  Faroult.  * 
7  Biskra,  April  1908,  W.  R.  and  E.  H. 

19  El  Kantara,    March— July  1908-1911.  W.  R.,  E.  H.,  and  Cheli  Brahim. 
12  Environs  de   Batna,   May— June    1909-1914,   A.   Nelva. 

2  Lambessa,  June  1912,  Nelva. 

4  Khenchela,  May  1912,  W.  R.  and  K.  J. 

1  El  Hamel,  May   1912,  Faroult. 

3  Constantine,  May  1908,  W.  R.  and  E.  H. 

2  Souk  Ahras,  April  1914,  W.  R.  and  K.  J. 

The  British  Museum  has  6  specimens  of  this  insect :  2  Meade- Waldo  ;  1 
Mogador,  Leech  ;  2  Lambessa,  April— May  1882,  H.  J.  Elwes  ;  1  Biskra  May 
1882,  H.  J.  Elwes. 

Mr.  Meade-Waldo  in  his  article  says  not  abundant,  but  throughout  the 
year. 

59.  Pararge  aegeria  meone  (Cram.). 

Papilio  meone  Cramer,  Pap.  Exot.  vol.  iv.  part  xxvi.  p.  51.  t.  cccxiv.  ff.  E.  F.  (1780)  (Alger). 

This  insect  is  plentiful  everywhere  in  the  Tell  and  Atlas,  but  becomes  rarer 
on  the  "  Hauts  Plateaux,"  and  it  is  only  incidentally  found  along  the  edge  of 
the  desert  and  ceases  within  15-20  mUes  of  Biskra  altogether.  The  form  from 
Mauretania  is  certainly  brighter  and  more  rufous  in  the  <S,  and  the  fulvous  yellow 
of  the  ?  is  more  extended  than  in  the  typical  aegeria  aegeria  from  Southern 
Europe.     The  series  of  Mauretanian  examples  at  Tring  consists  of  148  specimens. 

1  Ouled  Farsh,  near  Mazagan,  Morocco,  May  1901,  W.  Riggenbach. 

3  Tamarouth,  Morocco,  June  1904,  W.  Riggenbach. 

8  Mazagan,  Morocco,  June  1900,  W.  Riggenbach. 

3  Truchan,  W.  Morocco,  May  1901,  W.  Riggenbach. 

1  Rabat,  1914,  A.  Thery. 

2  Tlemcen,  April  1913,  W.  R.  and  E.  H. 
1  Ras  Chergui,  May  1915,  Faroult. 

1  Ain  Sefia,  May  1913,  W.  R.  and  E.  H. 

2  Saida,  May  1913,  W.  R.  and  E.  H. 
1  Tifrit,  May  1913,  W.  R.  and  E.  H. 

1  Titen  Yaya,  June  1915,  Rotrou. 

2  Oran,  April  1913,  W.  R.  and  E.  H. 

46  Environs  d'Alger,  February— May  1908-1912,  W.  R.,  E.  H.,  and  K.  J. 

2  Leila  Kredidja,  July   1907,  Dr.  Nissen. 

9  Blida  les  Glacieres,  June  1908,  W.  R.  and  K.  J. 
36  Hammani  R'ihra,  April— June  1908-1913,  W.  R.,  E.  H.,  and  K.  J. 

2  Guelt-es-Stel,  June  1913,  Faroult. 

3  Djebel  Kerdada,   May    1912,   Faroult. 

3  Biskra,  March  1908-1911,  W.  R.  and  E.  H. 

6  El  Kantara,  March— July  1908-1911,  W.  R.,  E.  H.,  and  Cheh  Brahim. 

2  Khenchela,  May  1912,  W.  R.  and  K.  J. 

3  Environs  de  Batna,  1909-1914,  Nelva. 

9  Constantine,  May  1908,  W.  R.  and  E.  H. 

1  Hammam  Meskoutine,  May  1909,  W.  R.  and  E.  H. 

8 


114  NOVITATES    ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV.     1917. 

The  British  Museum  has  14  specimens  from  Mauretania  :  4  Meade-Waldo  ; 
5  ex  Leech  coll.,  Salvin  Grodman  coll.,  and  Mr.  Blackmore  ex.  Elwes  coll. ; 
1  Tetuan,  Morocco,  J.  B.  Fletcher,  June  1901  ;  1  Philippeville,  May  1882,  H.  J. 
Elwes;  1  Constantine,  April  1882,  H.  J.  Elwes;  1  Algiers,  Leech  coll.  Mr. 
Meade-Waldo  in  his  article  has  left  this  species  out. 

60.  Epinephele  lycaon  mauretanica  (Oberth.). 

Satyrus  eudora  rar.  mauretanica  Oberthur,  Etud.  d'Eiitom.  liv.  vi.  p.  58  (1881)  (Sebdou,  Lamb^ze). 

We  have  never  taken  this  insect  ourselves. 
22  Titen  Yaya,  June  1915,  Kotrou. 

1  Sidi-bel-Abbes,  June  1915,  Rotrou. 
13  Guelt-es-Stel,  May— June  1913,  Faroult. 

12  Djelfa,  June  1913,  Faroult. 

36  Foret  de  Djelfa,  June   1913,  Faroult. 

1  Djebel  Kerdada,  May   1912,  Faroult. 

4  El  Kantara,  June  1911,  Faroult. 

5  Khenchela,  June  1911,  Faroult. 
9  Lambessa,  June   1912,  Nelva. 

53  Environs  de  Batna,  June  1909-1914,  Nelva. 
The  Tring  series  numbers   156  specimens.     There  are  none  in  the  British 
Museum.     Miss    Fountaine    records    it  from   Teniet-el-Haad,    June    1904.     Mr. 
Meade- Waldo  in  his  article  gives  Tsauritz  Entsagauz  and  Imentalla,  July  1901. 

61.  Epinephele  jurtina  jurtina  (Linn.). 

Papilio  jurtina  Linnaeus,  Syst.  Nat.  edit,  x.  vol.  i.  part  ii.  p.  475.  No.  104  (1758)  (Europe,  Africa. 
Type,  Africa). 

This  species  is  fairly  common  everywhere  in  the  Tell  and  Atlas,  but  gets 
rarer  m  the  "  Hauts  Plateaux  "  ;  it  does  not  reach  the  edge  of  the  desert  proper, 
though  it  stUl  occurs  at  Bou  Saada,  where  a  piece  of  desert  runs  into  the  "  Hauts 
Plateaux." 

2  Rabat,   1914,  A.  Tliery. 

3  Zoudj-el-Beghal,  Morocco,  July  1914,  Faroult. 
80  Masser  ^Nlines,  June   1914,  Faroult. 

13  Nedroma  Oranais,  June  1914,  Faroult. 

18  Saida,  May  1913,  W.  R.  and  E.  H. 
5  Tifrit,  May  1913,  W.  R.  and  E.  H. 

34  Titen  Yaya,  June  1915,  Rotrou. 

19  Envhons  d'Alger,  May  1905-1912,  W.  R.,  E.  H.,  K.  J.,  and  Dr.  Nissen. 
2  Foret  de  Bainen,  June  1908,  W.  R.  and  K.  J. 

5  Leila  Kredidja,  July   1908,  Dr.  Nissen. 

1  Tala  Rana,  Gr.  Kabylie,  July   1907,  Dr.  Nissen. 

1  Yakouren,  July   1906,  Dr.  Nissen. 

1  Foret  d'Akfadou,  July   1906,  Dr.  Nissen. 

1  Palestra,  May  1906,  Dr.  Nissen. 

1  Beni  Amran,  June  1906,  Dr.  Nissen. 

2  Sakamudi,  August  1912,  Faroult. 


NOVITATES    ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV.     1917,  115 

3  Blida  les  Glacieres,  June  1908,  W.  R.  and  K.  J. 

67  Hammam  R'ihra,  May  1908-1913,  W.  R.,  E.  H.,  and  K.  J. 

4  Guelt-es-Stel,  May — June  1913,  Faroult. 

8  Djelfa,  June  1913,  Faroult. 

2  Foret  de  Djelfa,  June  1913,  Faroult. 
2  Bou  Saada,  May  1912,  Faroult. 

5  Environs  de  Batna,  1908-1909,  Nelva. 
2  Oued  Hamidou,  June  1912,  Faroult. 

16  Hammam  Mjskoutine,  May  1914,  W.  R.  and  K.  J. 

9  A'in  Draliam,  Tunisia,  July   1911,  Faroult. 

6  Environs  de  Tunis,  May— June   1915-1916,  E.  Blanc. 

The  Tring  series  comprises  312  specimens.  The  British  Museum  has  12 
specimens  :  5  Meade-Waldo  ;  1  Collo,  Constantine,  Frey  coll.  ;  1  Mauretania  ! 
Leech  coll.  ;  3  Philippeville,  June  1882,  H.  J.  Elwes  (?  dwarf)  ;  1  Bone,  J.  Merkl, 
June  1884,  ex  Elwes  coll.  ;  1  Lambessa,  June  1884,  J.  Merkl  ex  Elwes  coll. 

Mr.  Meade- Waldo  in  his  article  gives  Klatsa,  May  1901  ;  Ras  Doura,  May 
1901  ;  Tsauritz  Entsagauz,  July  1901.  Miss  Fountaine  records  this  species 
from  Teniet-el-Haad,  June  1904. 


62.  Epinephele  janiroides  Herr.  Schaeff. 

Epinephele  janiroides  Herrich  Schaeffer,  Schmelt.  Europ.  vol.  i.  Tab.  111.  ff.  533,  534  (1851)  (?). 

We  only  came  across  this  insect  on  one  occasion.  The  Tring  Museum 
possesses  57  specimens. 

27  Foret  de  Bainen,  near  Alger,  June  1908,  W.  R.  and  K.J.  and  Dr.  Nissen. 

1  Environs  d'Alger,  June  1908,  W.  R.  and  K.  J. 
29  Ain  Draham,  July  1911,  Faroult. 

The  British  Museum  has  10  specimens  of  this  species  :  4  Algiers,  Frey  coll. 
and  Crowley  bequest  ;  2  Mauretania,  Staudinger  ex  Zeller  coll.  ;  1  Collo, .  1 
Constantine,  ex  Elwes  coll.  ;  1  Bone,  J.  Merkl,  June  1884,  ex  Elwes  coll.  Mr. 
Oberthiir  figures  a  large  9,  Fasc.  X.  Etiul.  d'Entom.  Comp.  pi.  cclxxxvii.  f.  2330, 
length  of  forewing  27  mm.,  expanse  58  mm.  ;  my  largest  $  from  Ain  Draham 
has  a  length  of  forewing  of  30  mm.  and  an  expanse  of  64  mm. 


63.  Epinephele  pasiphae  philippina  Aust. 

Epinephele  pasiphae  var.   philippina  Austaut,  Pet.  Nouv.  Entom.  vol.  ii.  p.  149  (1877)  (Nemours). 

The  specimens  of  this  form  are  very  variable  ;  above,  the  3S  vary  from  one 
with  nearly  the  whole  upperside  rufous  orange  aiid  the  ocelli  on  both  wings 
obsolescent,  to  almost  entirely  fuscous  brown,  and  the  rufous  orange  on  both 
wings  reduced  to  a  narrow  band  while  the  ocelli  are  very  pronounced,  some 
also  have  the  rufous  orange  as  if  smoked  and  almost  as  brown  as  the  ground 
colour,  and  others  have  the  rufous  orange  replaced  by  deep  rufous  ;  below,  there 
is  every  gradation  from  a  sharply  defined  narrow  white  band  to  the  uniform 
brown  liLndwings  of  ab.  tessalensis  Aust.  ;  ?¥  show  less  variation  above,  but 
the  same  variation  below. 


116  NOVITATES    ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV.    1917. 

3  Hammam-bou-Grara,  July  1914,  Faroult. 
510  Masser  Mines.  May — June  1914,   Faroult. 

21  Nedroma  Oranais,  June  1914,  Faroult. 

2  Nemours,  Austaut  (types  of  jiasiphae  philippiiui). 
1  Djebel  Tessala,  A\istant  (type  of  ab.  tessalensis). 

1  Djebel  Mekter,  May  1913,  E.  H.  and  C.  H. 
6  Titen  Yaya,  June  1915,  Rotrou. 
11  Saida,  May  1913,  W.  R.  and  E.  H. 
6  Tifrit,  May  1913,  W.  R.  and  E.  H. 

22  Oran,  April  1913,  W.  R.  and  E.  H. 

3  Djelfa,  May  1913,  Faroult. 

The  British  Museum  has  3  specimens  :  2  Oran,  Dr.  Codet  ex  Elwes  coll.  ; 
1  ?  ex.  Leech  coll.  (labelled  erroneously  "  Morocco  "). 

Miss  Fountaine  records  this  insect  from  Teniet-el-Haad,  May  1904.  The 
Tring  series  consists  of  586  specimens. 

63a.  Epinephele  pasiphae  pasiphae  (Esper). 

Papilio  pasiphae  Esper,  Schmett.  vol.  i.  part  ii.  t.  67.  t.  4  (1777)  (?). 

There  are  four  specimens  of  this  form  in  the  British  Museum,  onlj'  all  the 
characters  are  exaggerated  ;  they  are  very  large,  and  the  white  band  on  the 
hindwings  below  is  very  wide  and  pure  white. 

Four  Meade-Waldo.  Mr.  Meade-Waldo  in  his  article  gives  EI  Mediar  and 
Klatsa,  May  1901,  and  states  he  never  saw  it  in  the  south. 

64.  Epinephele  Ida  (Esper). 

Papilio  ida  Esper,  Schmett.  vol.  i.  part  ii.  t.  92.  f.  2  (1777)  (?). 

The  Tell  and  North  Atlas  specimens  have  been  separated  as  i.  cecUia  Val. 
and  the  El  Kantara  specimens  as  lapidepeta  Seitz,  but  as  I  have  specimens  from 
various  localities  agreeing  with  both  these  and  typical  European  specimens,  I 
do  not  consider  these  names  to  apply  to  anything  more  than  aberrations  and 
that  ida  from  N.  Africa  is  the  same  form  as  ida  from  Europe. 

The  Tring  Museum  possesses  351  Mauretanian  examples. 

1  Ouled  Farsh,  Morocco,  May  1901,  W.  Riggenbach. 
127  Zoudj-el-Beghal,  Morocco,  July  1914,  Faroult. 

6  Hammam-bou-Grara,  July  1914,  Faroult. 
48  Masser  Jlines,  June  1914,  Faroult. 

8  Nedroma  Oranais,  June  1914,  Faroult. 

3  Environs  d' Alger,  June  1908,  W.  R.  and  K.  J.  and  Dr.  Nissen. 

3  Foret  de  Bainen,  June  1908,  W.  R.  and  K.  J. 
10  Leila  Kredidja,  July  1908,  Dr.  Nissen. 

3  Sakamudi,  August  1912,  Faroult. 

2  Oued  Hamidou,  June  1912,  Faroult. 

2  Haramam  R'ihra,  May  1913,  W.  R.  and  E.  H. 

1  Bou  Saada,  July  1912,  Faroult; 
38  El  Kantara,  June  1911,  Faroult  and  Cheli  Brahim. 
22  Envu-ons  de  Batna,  June  1909-1914,  Nelva. 

27  A'in  Draham,  Tunisia,  August  1912,  Faroult. 

28  Environs  de  Tunis,  April— June  1915-1916,  E.  Blanc. 


NOVITATES    ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV.     1917.  117 

We  left  Algeria  always  too  early  in  the  summer  to  be  able  to  catch  this 
insect  in  any  numbers.  The  British  Museum  has  9  specimens  :  6  Meade-Waldo  ; 
1  Tetuan,  Morocco,  June  1901,  J.  B.  Fletcher  ;  2  Algiers,  Leech  coll.  Mr. 
Meade-Waldo  in  his  article  gives  Tangier,  September  1901  ;  Rabat,  May  1901  ; 
and  Tsauritz  Ent.sagauz,  July  1901.  Miss  Fountaine  records  it  from  Tlemcen, 
July  1904. 

65.  Coenonympha  areanioides  (Pierret). 

Satyrus  areanioides  Pierret,  Ann.  Soc.  Bntoin.  France,  vol.  vi.  p.  306  (1837)  (Oran). 

This  insect  occurs  in  two  seasonal  forms,  gen.  vern.  areanioides  Pierret, 
and  gen.  aest.  holli  Oberth.  {Etud.  Lipid.  Comp.  Fasc.  IV'.  p.  20  (1910)  (Maison 
Carree).  The  summer  form  holli  Ls  distinguished  by  the  fulvous  or  rufous  bemg 
reduced,  the  general  colour  being  darker  and  the  insect  much  smaller. 

gen.  vern.  areanioides. 

15  Masser  Muies,  May  1914,  Faroult. 

5  Oran,  April  1913,  "w.  R.  and  E.  H. 

4  Blida  les  Glacieres,  June  1908,  W.  R.  and  K.  J. 
20  Hammam  R'ihra,  May  1908-1913,  W.  R.,  E.  H.,  and  K.  J. 

2  Bou  Saada,  May  1912,  Faroult. 

gen.  aest.  holli. 

12  Environs  d'Alger,  July  1909-1910,  Captaiji  Holl  and  Dr.  Nissen. 
2  Leila  Ki-edidja,  July  1907,  Dr.  Nissen. 
42  Ain  Draham,  July— August  1909-1912,  Faroult. 

Dr.  Seitz,  believing  the  type  of  areanioides  to  have  been  a  specimen  of  the 
summer  generation,  renamed  the  spring  generation  major,  but  that  not  being 
the  case  this  name  cannot  stand. 

The  British  Museum  has  21  specimens  of  both  seasonal  forms  :  7  Algiers, 
Leech  coll.  ;  1  Algiers,  October  1874,  Hering  ;  1  Phillipeville,  April— May  1882- 
1884,  H.  J.  Elwes  and  J.  Merkl  ex  Elwes  coll.  ;  3  ?  ?  ex  Elwes  coll.  ;  1  Collo, 
Constantine  Frey  coll.  ;  1  Gibraltar,  1  Tangier,  3  Benzus  Bay,  Commander 
Walker  ex  Salvin  Godman  coll.  ;  3  Meade-Waldo.  Mr.  Meade-Waldo  says  in 
his  article  that  he  only  saw  this  insect  in  the  north,  and  quotes  Hawara,  April 
1901,  and  El  Mediar,  May  1901.  The  Tring  series  of  both  generations  consists 
of  103  specimens. 

Coenonympha  spec.  ? 

This  9  is  a  most  curious  insect,  and  I  should  at  once  describe  it  as  new 
only  above  it  is  exactly  like  a  very  pale  areanioides.  Below  it  differs  very  much  : 
the  ground  colour  of  forewing  Ls  orange  not  rufous,  the  buffy  yellow  line  before 
ocellus  has  become  a  broad  band  reaching  to  vein  2,  and  the  costal  region,  apex, 
and  termen  to  vein  2  are  greenish  bufF  ;  there  is  also  no  metallic  subterminal 
line  on  either  wing,  only  an  indistinct  silvery  line  of  dots  ;  the  ground  colour 
of  the  hindwings  Ls  bright  golden  olive  tinged  with  brown  not  maroon  washed 
with  dark  olive  ;  the  white  band  is  washed  with  buff  and  very  broad  ;  and  the 
ocelli  are  so  minute  as  to  be  almost  absent. 

1  ?  Foret  del  Akfadou,  June  1906,  Dr.  Nissen. 


J18  NOVITATES    ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV.     I'JIT. 

66.  Coenonympha  dorus  austauti  Oberth. 

Goenonympha  dorus  var.  austauti  Oberthur,  Etud.  d'Entom.  lirr.  vi.  p.  59  (1881)  (Xemours). 

Mr.  Oberthiir  remarks  that  the  ??  are  as  dark  and  highly  coloured  as  the 
(J(J.  I  have  some  certainly  which  are  like  (Jo  in  coloration,  but  also  I  find 
there  are  quite  as  many  females  as  pale  and  with  the  buff  quite  as  much  ex- 
tended over  the  wings  as  in  C.  fettigii  holU.  Jlr.  Oberthiir  also  remarks  that  he 
does  not  know  of  any  other  examples  in  collections  than  those  of  I\Ir.  Austaut 
from  Nemours.  This  is  not  wonderful,  for  no  one  has  since  then  collected  in 
the  coastal  districts  of  Western  Oranais  till  I  sent  Victor  Faroult  there  in  1914. 
63  Zoudj-el-Beghal.  E.  Morocco,  July  1914,  Faroult. 
37  Masser  Mines,  June  1914,  Faroult. 

5  Nedroma,  Oranai,'*,  June  1914,  Faroult. 

The  Tring  series  numbers  105  examples.  The  British  Museum  possesses 
2  specimens:  1  Nemours,  June — July.  Austant.  and  1  labelled  "Algeria"  but 
also  Nemours,  Austant  ex  Elwes  coll. 

1  o  at  Tring  is  almost  entirely  pale  buff  on  the  upper  surface. 


67.  Coenonympha  fettigii  fettigii  Oberth. 

Coenonympha  fettigii  Oberthur,  Pet.  Notn:  Entom.  vol.  i.  p.  412  (1874)  (Oran). 

We  never  found  this  msect  or  its  eastern  subspecies,  for  it  appears  later  in 
the  year  than  we  ever  stayed  in  Algeria.  It  appears,  moreover,  to  be  very  rare, 
as  we  have  received  only  5  of  the  western  and  15  of  the  eastern  form  at  Tring 
between  1908  and  1916. 

1  Masser  Mines,  June  1914,  Faroult. 

4  Les  Pins,  July — August  1915,  Rotrou. 

The  British  Museum  has  7  specimens  :  4  Meade-Waldo  ;  2  Morocco,  Leech 
coll.  ;  1  Sebdou,  1880-1882,  Dr.  Codet  ex  Elwes  coll.  Miss  Fountaine  records 
this  form  from  Sebdou,  June — July  1904. 

Jlr.  Meade- Waldo  in  his  article  gives  Imentalla,  July  1901,  and  says  that  was 
the  only  place  he  saw  it  at.  One  of  the  Les  Pins  specuuens  is  a  curious  aberra- 
tion:  the  fulvous  colour  is  replaced  by  dull  deep  rufous  above;  below,  on  the 
hindwings  all  markings  have  disappeared  except  the  submarginal  metallic  line, 
and  the  colour  is  uniform  olive  «ood  grey  ;  I  propose  to  call  this  ab.  infra- 
simplex  ab.  nov. 

All  my  5  examples  are  ??. 


67a.  Coenonympha  fettigii  holli  Oberth. 

■Coenonympha  fettigii  var.  holli  Oberthur,  Etud.  Entom.  Comp.  Fase.  IV>.  p.  42.  pi.  xlvii.  ff.  396,  397 
(1910)  (Blida  les  Glacieres). 

I  have  nothing  new  concerning  this  insect  ;  but  I  should  like  to  say  that 
I  know  of  no  previous  record  of  this  insect  from  the  neighbouriiood  of  Alger ;  all 
hitherto  recorded  have  been  from  Blida  les  Glacieres. 

6  Environs  d'Alger,  1908,  Captain  Holl  and  Dr.  Nissen. 

9  Blida  les  Glacieres,  July — August  1912,  Captain  Holl  and  Dr.  Nissen. 


NOVITATES    ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV.     1917.  119 

OS.  Coenonympha  pamphilus  lyllus  (Esper). 

Papilh  lyllus  Esper,  Schmeit.  vol.  i.  part  ii.  t.  122.  f.  1  (1777)  (?). 

In  the  Mediterranean  Region  the  form  lyllus  is  the  summer  generation,  the 
spring  generation  being  practically  indistinguishcable  from  typical  pamphilus. 
It  is  a  fact,  however,  that  in  typical  pamphilus  (type  locality,  Sweden)  of  North 
and  Central  Europe,  the  form  with  sandy  buif  hindwings  below  never  occurs  ; 
so  that  we  must  apply  the  name  lyllus  to  the  whole  form  from  the  Mediterranean 
Basin,  not  merely  to  the  third  generation. 

Mr.  Oberthiir  says  he  is  much  interested  in  pamphilus  and  its  forms  ;  in 
fact,  he  says  that  there  is  often  much  more  of  interest  connected  with  very 
common  insects  than  with  many  very  rare  and  high-priced  species,  I  heartily 
associate  myself  with  him,  and  wish  once  more  to  insist  that  the  only  waj'  to 
study  the  Natural  History  of  the  various  creatures  in  the  world  is  not  only  to 
try  to  collect  specimens  of  each  from  the  largest  possible  number  of  localities, 
but  also  to  get  together  as  many  as  possible  from  each  one  of  these  localities. 
Thus  only  shall  we  be  able  to  determine  not  only  the  status  of  each  species,  but 
also  the  various  local  races  and  individual  aberrations,  seasonal  and  sexual 
differentiations,  the  effect  of  heat,  cold,  damp,  or  dryness,  and  the  host  of  other 
influences  which  determine  the  amount  of  variation  within  each  species,  Mr, 
Oberthiir  points  out  that  in  Algeria  pamphilus  even  in  February  shows  the  grey 
on  the  hindwings  below  slightly  more  washed  with  3'ellow  than  in  Central  Euro- 
pean examples.  In  June  there  is  already  a  mixture  of  'pamphilust-Y\k.e  specimens 
and  true  lyllus,  as  well  as  complete  intermediates,  while  in  July  and  August 
only  lyllus  and  intermediate  specimens  occur.  The  aberrations  thyrsoides  Stdgr. 
and  margi7iata  Stdgr.  occur  most  frequently  in  the  $$s  ;  I  have  never  come 
myself  across  a  3  thyrsoides,  though  among  Faroult's  Masser  Mines  specimens 
are  several  (J  marginata. 

The  Tring  series  of  Mauretanian  examples  of  p.  lyllus  numbers  287. 
1  Tamarouth,  Morocco,  June  1904,  W.  Riggenbach. 
1  Truchan,  Morocco,  May  1904,  W,  Riggenbach. 

3  Rabat,  Morocco,  1914,  A.  Thery. 

26  Zoudj-et-Beghal,  Morocco,  July  1914,  Faroult. 

18  Masser  Mines,  June  1914,  Faroult. 

17  Tlemcen,  April  1913,  W,  R.  and  E.  H, 

4  Titen  Yaya,  May  1915,  Rotrou, 
1  Les  Pins,  July  1915,  Rotrou, 

13  Oran,  AprU  1913,  W.  R,  and  E,  H. 

5  Leila  Kredidja,  July  1907,  Dr.  Nissen, 

10  Hammam  R'ihra,  AprU— May  1908-1912,  W,  R,,  E,  H.,  and  K.  J. 
1  Djebel  Zaccar  above  MUiana,  July  1916,  Faroult. 

1  Teniet-el-Haad,  July  1905,  Dr,  Nissen, 

2  Berrouaghia,  AprU   1914,  Faroult. 
1  Boghar,  July  1905,  Dr.  Nissen, 

76  Guelt-es-Stei,  April   1913,  Faroult. 

1  Puits  Baba,  May  1913,  Faroult. 

1  Djelfa,  May  1913,  Faroult, 

1  Bou  Saada,  May  1912,  Faroult. 
27  Khenchcia,  May— June  1911-1912,  W,  R.,  K.  J.,  and  Faroult, 


120  NOVITATES    ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV.    1917, 

18  Batna,  April— May  1908-1909,  W.  K.,  E.  H.,  and  Nelva. 

5  Lambessa,  May  1909,  W.  R.  and  E.  H. 

8  Constantine,  May  1908,  W.  R.  and  E.  H. 

3  Sakamudi,  August  1912,  Faroult. 

2  Tizi  Ouzu,  June— July  ?  1914,  Faroult. 

1  Oued  Hamidou,  June  1912,  Faroult. 

5  Hamman  Meskoutine,  April  19U,  W.  R.  and  K.  J. 

8  Souk  Ahras,  April  1914,  W.  R.  and  K.  J. 
18  Ain  Draham,  Tunisia,  July  1911,  Faroult. 

The  British  Museum  possess  15  Mauretanian  examples  of  p.  lylliis  :  8  Meade- 
Waldo  ;  2  Lambessa,  1  PhUippeville,  and  1  Batna,  May  1882,  H.  J.  Ehves  ; 
1  CoUo,  Constantine  Frey  coll.  ;  2  Kenchela,  April— May  1906,  Lord  Walsingham. 

Miss  Fountaine  records  this  form  from  Tlemcen  and  Sebdou,  June — July 
1904.  Mr.  Meade- Waldo  says  he  found  the  spring  brood  (pamfhilus  as  he  calls 
it)  in  May  in  North  Morocco  and  in  March  near  Rabat,  and  the  summer  brood 
(lyllus)  in  South  Morocco  and  up  to  10,000  ft.  in  the  Great  Atlas. 

I  break  off  here,  because  Mr.  Bethune  Baker  has  been  workuig  at  Lycaenidae 
and  has  made  some  important  discoveries  about  Algerian  species,  which  I  want 
to  include.  The  next  portion  of  this  supplement  therefore  will  commence  the 
Heterocera  ;  the  Lycaenidae  and  Hesperidae  will  follow  as  soon  as  j\Ir.  Bethune 
Baker's  paper  is  published. 

The  following  two  species  were  by  an  oversight  omitted  from  their  right 
order — 

69.  Coenonympha  vaucheri  Blach, 

Coenonympha  vaucheri  Blachier,  Bull.  Soc.  Entom.  France,  1905,  p.  213  (Moroccan  Atlas). 

This  species  has  only  been  taken  by  Mr.  Meade-Waldo  and  Mr.  Henri 
Vaucher  in  the  High  Atlas  of  Morocco. 

There  are  no  specimens  at  Tring  or  in  the  British  Museum. 

Mr.  Meade-Waldo  obtained  it  on  Tsauritz  Entsagauz  and  Tizi  Gcurza  in 
July  1901,  but  never  below  8,500  feet,  as  recorded  in  his  article. 

70.  Teracolus  physadia  (God.). 

Pierisphysadia  Godart,   Encyclop.    Method.  Hist.  Xat.   Entum.    vol.    ix.    p.    132.    No.    40   (1819 
{?1824))  (?). 

The  only  record  for  this  species  is  that  of  M.  de  Joannis,  who  informs  us 
it  was  taken  by  M.  R.  Chudcau  in  September  1905  at  Oued-el-Ghessour  (south 

of  Taman-Gasset)  and  Oued  Kadamellet. 

« 

To  avoid  confusion  I  would  state  that  where  after  Tring  Museum  specimen.s 
the  origin  Staudinger  is  placed,  it  infers  that  the  specimens  were  purchased 
from  Messrs.  Staudinger  &  Bang-Haas  of  Dresden. 

(To  he  continued.) 


XOVITATES    ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV.    1917.  121 

CHALCIDIDAE  OF  THE   SEYCHELLES   ISLANDS. 
By  L.  MASI. 
With  an  Appendix  by  J.  J.  Kieffer. 
(75  Figures.) 

[Note. — ^The  material  dealt  with  in  this  paper  forms  part  of  the  collections 
of  the  Percy  Sladen  Trust  Expedition  to  the  Western  Indian  Ocean  in  1905 
and  1908-9.  The  results  of  this  Expedition  have  hitherto  been  published  all 
together  in  one  work,  consisting  of  certain  special  volumes  of  the  Transactions 
of  the  Linnean  Society  of  London  :  five  of  these  are  already  complete  (Ser.  2, 
Zool.,  vols,  xii-xvi),  while  a  sixth  (vol.  xvii)  is  in  course  of  publication.  Cir- 
cumstances have,  however,  rendered  it  impossible  for  all  the  reports  to  appear 
in  the  Linnean  Society's  publications,  and  it  is  owing  to  the  kindness  of  the 
Editors  of  Novitates  Zoologicae  that  the  report  on  Chalcididae  is  printed  here. 

With  the  exception  of  two  specimens,  the  entire  collection  of  Chalcididae 
was  obtained  in  1908-9  in  the  mountainous  granitic  islands  of  the  Seychelles. 
In  most  of  the  groups  of  insects  from  those  islands  hitherto  investigated,  the 
bulk  of  the  species  and  specimens  collected  by  the  Expedition  were  taken  in 
the  very  peculiar  endemic  forests  which  remain  in  the  highest  mountains  at 
elevations  between  1,000  and  3,000  feet,  in  which  by  far  the  greater  part  of 
the  collector's  time  was  spent.  Among  the  Chalcidids,  however,  a  strikingly 
large  proportion  was  found  among  non-endemic  vegetation  at  lower  levels, 
particularly  in  the  narrow  cultivated  plains  and  small  marshes  which  fringe 
the  coasts  of  the  islands  in  certain  places.  The  only  Chalcidids  taken  in  any 
of  the  other  archipelagoes  visited  by  the  Expedition  are  the  two  examples 
referred  to  above,  i.e.  the  types  of  Hockeria  testaceitarsis  Cameron,  from  the 
coralUne  Cargados  Group,  and  of  Stilbula  insularis  Cameron,  from  an  atoll  in 
the  Chagos  Group  :  both  are  referred  to  below.  A  first  set  of  the  material, 
including  the  types  of  all  new  genera  and  species,  has  been  placed  in  the  British 
Museum. — Hugh  Scott.] 


INTRODUCTION. 

The  collection  of  Chalcididae  described  in  this  work  was  made  by  Mr.  Hugh 
Scott  in  the  Seychelles  Islands  during  the  second  half  of  1908  and  the  early 
part  of  1909  ;  it  consists  of  nearly  550  examples,  belonging  to  69  genera  and 
93  species.  The  genera  new  to  science  are  22  in  number,  and  the  .=pecies  which 
I  have  been  able  to  distinguisli  as  new  are  77  *  ;  but  there  are  3  species  of  which 
the  determination  is  doubtful,  and  7  that  remain  undetermined,  either  because 

*  The  description  and  diagrams  of  one  of  the  new  species,  Centrobia  maheneis,  vrere  made  some 
years  ago  by  Professor  Dr.  J.  J.  Kieffer.  They  have  not  previously  been  published,  but  now  appear 
in  an  appendix  at  the  end  of  this  work  (p.  2.30). 


122  .  KOVITATES    ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV.     1917. 

they  are  represented  by  imperfect  specimens  or  because  they  belong  to  genera 
which  seem  to  me  to  demand  a  complete  revision.  Six  of  the  species  were 
cjrtainly  known  previously  from  other  countries  :  they  are  Hockeria  testaceitarsis 
Cameron,  discovered  in  the  Cargados  Islands  (about  150  miles  north-east  of 
Mauritius),  Coccophagus  eleapfiilus  Silvestri,  from  the  colony  of  Eritrea,  MeUttobia 
hawaiiensis  Perkins,  Tetrastichus  hagetiowii  (Ratz.),  Euplectrus  bicolor  (Swed.) 
Hal.,  and  Encoini/s  injelix  Embleton. 

Hitherto  onlj-  two  species  of  Chalcididae  were  known  from  the  Seychelles, 
a  Chalets  and  a  Tetrastichus.  The  former  was  collected  by  AUuaud  in  1892  and 
was  referred  by  Perez  with  some  hesitation  to  Chalcis  amenochs  Walker  ;  it 
does  not  seem  to  me  to  differ  from  the  species  which  I  describe  below  under 
the  name  Chalcis  sodalis.  The  Tetrastichus  is  T.  hagenotvii  (Ratz.),  a  parasite 
of  the  eggs  of  cockroaches,  very  widely  distributed  ;  it  is  represented  in  the 
material  under  review  by  numerous  examples,  and  the  original  types  of  the 
species  also  came  from  the  Seychelles. 

Mr.  Scott's  collection,  containing  many  new  genera,  and  genera  repre- 
sented by  a  single  species,  forms  the  material  for  a  valuable  contribution  to 
our  knowledge  of  the  C  halcididae,  and  I  much  regret  having  been  unable  to 
illustrate  all  the  forms  in  a  suitable  manner  :  those  which  are  represented  by 
few  examples,  or  by  a  single  example,  have  not  allowed  of  all  their  characteristic 
parts  being  figured  ;  moreover,  the  condition  of  international  relationships  has 
increased  the  difficulties  of  my  study  and  prevented  my  making  comparisons 
with  the  types  of  certain  forms. 

The  restricted  nature  of  our  knowledge  of  the  Chalcidic'ae  of  the  African 
fauna,  and  our  still  more  inadequate  acquaintance  with  those  of  the  Asiatic 
fauna,  do  not  at  present  admit  of  our  drawing  conclusions  from  the  results  of 
ray  work.  There  are  in  the  collection  three  species  \\hich  are  undoubtedly 
common  to  the  faunas  of  the  Sej'chelles  and  of  Europe,  namely,  Eucomys  infelix, 
Euplectrus  bicolor,  and  Tetrastichus  hagenomi ;  the  same  appears  to  apply  also 
to  two  others.  Tetrastichus  inunctus  (Nees)  Thorns.,  and  Leptomustix  histrio 
Mayr,  but  I  am  very  doubtful  as  to  the  exactitude  of  the  specific  determination 
of  these  latter. 

I  may  here  express  my  indebtedness  and  my  thanks  to  all  who  have  helped 
me  in  this  work,  and  especially  to  Messrs.  Hugh  Scott,  of  Cambridge  University, 
Waterston,  of  the  Imperial  Bureau  of  Entomology  (at  the  British  Jluseum), 
Silvestri  and  Grandi,  of  the  School  of  Agriculture  at  Portici,  and  Bouvier  and 
Lesne,  of  the  Museum  of  Natural  History  at  Paris.  I  may  also  express  my 
gratitude  to  the  Editors  of  Novitates  Zoologicae,  who  have  permitted  the 
publication  of  mj'  report  in  their  well-known  periodical. 

Mused  C:vico  di  Genova. 
20<A  September,  1916. 


XOVITATES    ZOOLOGTfAE    XXIV.    1917. 


123 


Boll.  Labor.  Zool. 


Fam.  chalcididae. 

SuBFAM.  AGAONINAE. 
Gex.  Allotriozoon  Grandi. 

prt.  e  agr.  Portici,  vol.  x.  1910.  p.   182. 

1.  Allotriozoon  seychellense,  sp.  n.  (figs.   1, 


Femina.  Fulva,  dorso  et  antennarum  scapo  plus  minus  obscurioribus, 
papite  brunneo-aeruginoso,  vertice  fronteque  brunneis,  flagello  ultra  dimidium 
artieuli  septimi  infuscato,  alarum  nei'\'is  brunneo-griseis. 

Caput  antice  visum  modice  elongatum,  latitudine  dimidiam  longitudinem 
proportione  11:19  superante  ;  vertice  setis  paucis  longis  instrueto,  oculis  glabris, 
diametro  orbitali  niaiore  2/5  capitis  longitudinis  aequante  ;  faciei  area  media 
niarginibus  fere  parallelis  limitata  ;  lobis  oralibus  submedianis  apice  extus 
incisis ;  lobi  clypealis 
parte  prominente  longitu- 
cline  latiore,  lateribus 
parallelis  ;  processu  frontis 
clypeo  imposito  acute 
triangulari. 

Mandibulae  superne 
bicostulatae,  dente  vali- 
diore  armatae,  prope 
huius  basim  denticulis  in 
margine  orali  circa  7, 
minimis,  instructae, 
quibus  4  vix  maiores  in 
dimidio  basali  dentis  se- 
quuntur ;  processus  lanii- 
naris  latitudine  sua  magis 
quam  septies  longior, 
latere  interiore  conspieue 
dentato-spinoso,  supcrficie 
ventrali  denticulis  in  serie 
transversa  8-9,  seriebus 
denticulorum  circa  SO. 

Scapus  latitudine  duplo  longior,  postice  sat  fortiter  cuivatus,  antice  pilis 
nonnullis  instructus  ultraque  medium  longitudinis  brevi  spatio  recte  marginatus. 
Flagelli  articulus  tertius  lobum  formans  conspicuum,  apice  rotundatum,  quam 
articulum  praecedentem  sesquilongicrem  ;  articulus  quartus  secundo  fere 
aequilongvis  ;    quintus  et  sextus  latitudine  sesquilongiores  :    Septimus  brevier  ; 

*  Nomenclatura,  qua  in  descriptionibus utar,  ab  ilia  Thomsoni  ("  Hymenoptera  Scandinaviae") 
parum  diSerens,  eadem  est  quae  in  descriptioiiibus  meis  jam  ante  editis.  (Vide  in  Boll.  Labor, 
Zool.  gen.  e  agr.^  Portici,  vol.  i.  1907.  p.  231 — et  Ann.  Miiseo  Civ.  Oerrova,  vol.  vii.  (3.)  1916.  p.  55.) 
Pars  praeaxillaris  mesonoti  =  mesonotum  auctoruni  quorundam,  id  est  pars  mesothoracis  dorai 
quae,  scapularum  sulcis  carens,  in  scapulas  et  scutum  non  est  divisa.  Metanotum  =  prosoma,  id 
est  tergitum  segmenti  primi  abdoniinalis.  Praestigma  =  proalarum  subcostae  pars  ascendens, 
quae  nervum  marginalem  attiugit,  quo  a  nervo  stigmatico  separatur.  Xervus  stigmaticus  =  n, 
radialis. 


^^..^v^^^""^ 


Fig,   1. — Allotriozoon  seychellense,  $. 

1.  caput  ftutice  visiim  fx  35);  2,  maudibulae  (sino  lamina)  bitus  dorsale(X  100); 
3,  antennae  scapus  et  flagelli  artieuli  1.-5.  (X  88);  4,  [iroalae  nerri  (X  50 — pili  iii 
superficie  non  delineati). 


124 


NOVITATES    ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV.    1917. 


Fig.  2. — Allotriozoon  seyckellenae,  $. 

1,  proala  (x  17);  2,  mandibula  (X  58);  3,  dentps  laminae  mandibularis  ad 
mediam  huias  loDgitadinem  (x  112). 


nonus   et   decimus,    clavae    pertinentibus,    subquadrati  ;     ultimus   praecedentc 
fere  duplo  longior. 

Proalae  diiplam  latitudinem  longitudine  vix  attingeiites,  angulo  posteriore 
late  rotundato,  fere  truncato,  margine  externo  subrecto  ;  celJuIa  costali  quam 
nervo  niarginali  triplo  longiore  et  huius  longitudinem  cum  postmarginalis  rudi- 
mento    simul    sumptam    duplo    superante.     Alae    metathoracis    latere    postieo 

angulum  obtusissimum  vix 
rotundatum  fingentes, 

latitudine  maxima  ad 
hamulos,  banc  fere  quin- 
tuplo  longitudine  super- 
antes,  scilicet  proportione 
9:2;  pilis  marginis  an- 
tici  dimidio  quam  postici 
brevioribus. 

Tarsus    pedum    anti- 
corum    duplam     tibiae 
longitudinem  superans 
proportione  5  :  2,  articulo 
primo,    itemque    articulis 
tribus   sequentibus    simul 
sumptis,   tibiae   aequilon- 
gis,  his  ultimis  latere  inte- 
riore  dimensis.     Pedes  postici  tibia  magis  quam  dupla  eius  latitudine  longiore, 
denteque  apicali  obtuso  munita  ;   tarso  duplam  tibiae  longitudinem  superante, 
articulo  primo  seeundo  cum  tertio,  itemque  tibiae,  aequilongo. 
Oviductus  abdominis  longitudinem  aequans. 
Long.  1,4—1,6  mm. 
Mas  ignotus. 

Habitat.  Mahe  :    Cascade  Estate. — Silhouette  :    "  Mare  aux  Cochons,  about 
1,000  ft.  ;    some  of  the  specimens  came  to  the  lamp  at  night,  in  the  hut  where 
I  camped  during  part  of  August  and  September,  1908  "  (H.  Scott).* 
Specimina  tredecim,  pauca  integra. 

Adn.  Generi  AUotriozoonti,  quod  Grandi  (I.e.)  nuper  instituit,  species  duae, 
eiusdem  auctoris,  A.  prodigiosum  et  heterandromorphvm,  pertinebant,  quas 
Silvestri  in  regionibus  litoralibus  Africae  occidentalis  septentrionalis  invenit  : 
his  species  seychellensis  nunc  intermedia  cjuasi  accedit.  prodigioso  tamen  affinior. 
A  quo  praecipue  differt  capite  minus  angustato.  lobo  clypeali  aliter  formate 
et  A.  heterandroviorpho  similiore,  mandibula  sicut  in  hac  specie  uiicinato-dentata, 
lamina  mandibulari  denticulorum  seriebus  minus  numerosis,  circa  triginta, 
instructa  (in  j/rodigioso  48-52,  in  heterandromorpho  20-22),  proalis  latioribiis 

Gen.  Blastophaga  (Jravenliorst. 
(Kradibia  Saunders.) 
2.  Blastophaga,  sp. 

FemiTW.  Piceo-brunnca,    antcnnis,    pectore    pedibusque    flavo-griseis,    alis 
decoloribus  at  parura  diaphanis.  ncrvis  brunneis  ;    prcnoto  grosse,  confertim, 
*  See  Trane.  Linn.  Hoc.  xiv.   1910,  bottom  of  p.  26. 


NOVITATES    ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV.     1917. 


125 


punctato,  pilosulo  ;  oviductu  dimidiam  abdominis  longitiidinem  fere  aequante. 
Long.  1.4  mm. 

Specimen  iinicum  ad  Mahe  captum  (Mare  avix  Cochons).  Antennarum 
articuli  usque  ad  quinttim  tantum  extant. 

Adn.  Specie.s  haec.  cui  propter  colorem  et  nervum  postmarginalem  valde 
elongatum,  similitude  est  quaedam  Kradibiae  cowani  Saund.,  non  amplius 
describere  potui,  quum  sit  specimen  imicum.  antennarum  flagello  toto  carens, 
corpora  deformato. 


Gen.  Crossogaster  Mayr. 
3.  Crossogaster  atratus,  sp.  n.  (fig.  3). 

Femina.  Nigra,  nitida  ;  oeulis  nigro-brunneis  ;  scapo  ac  pedicello  fulvis  ; 
funiculo  cum  clava,  subcostae  parte  ascendente,  nervo  marginali  et  stigmatico 
versus  apicem,  flavo-fuscis  ;  nervi  marginalis  basi,  stigmatici  parte  angustiore 
et  alarum  lamina  hyalinis ;  metanoti  margine  postico,  pedibus  cum  coxis,  ab- 
dominisque  latere  ventrali,  fulvis  ;  abdominis  dorso  leniter  cupreo,  basi  subviridi  ; 
oviductu  nigro. 

Caput  antice  visum  subquadratum.  latitudine  longius  propcrtione  21  :  19, 
ad  OS  paullum  minus  quam  in  vertice  latum,  angulis,  praecipue  inferioribus, 
rotundatis,  ocelUs  externis  spatio  duplo  quam  ab 
ocuUs  inter  se  remotis,  genis  sulco  impressis 
raargini  laterali  capitis  parallelo,  clypeo  retracto, 
1/3  faciei  latitudinis  aequante,  extus  recte  ter- 
minato,  in  medio  margine  inciso.  Faciei  super- 
ficies punctis  nonnullis  sparsim  impressa. 

Antennae  in  linea  oculari  ad  mediam  capitis 
lougitudinem  insertae,  scapo  ocellum  baud  at- 
tingente,  pedicello  triplo  longiore  quam  latiore, 
anneUo  minimo.  articido  primo  funiculi  fere  an- 
nuUformi,  quam  sequentibus  dimidio  breviore, 
his  aequalibus,  vix  tran.sversis,  dimidiam  pedi- 
celli  longitudinem  aequantibus,  clava  quam 
articufis  duobus  praecedentibus  paullum  longiore, 
distincte  in  articulos  tres  subaequales  divisa. 

Thorax  capite  longior  proportione  9  :  7,  vix  angustior,  depressus,  pihs 
nonnullis  perlongis  instructus  quam  verticis  magis  eloiigatis  ;  scuto  2/5  thoracis 
latitudinis  hand  longiore  ;  sulcis  scapularum  et  axillarum  vix  conspicuis  ;  scu- 
tello  semielliptico,  quadrisetoso,  eius  margine  anteriore  quam  posteriore  scuti 
parum  latiore  ;  dorsello  arcuato  lineari  ;  metanoto  baud  brevi,  medio  sulcato  ; 
metapleura   subtiUter  sulcato-reticulata,   callo   parce  at   longe   pilosulo. 

Proalae  postcosta  4-5-setosa,  nervo  marginali  islurisetcso  baud  tenui, 
latitudine  1/8  longitudinis  aequante,  quam  cellula  costali  breviore  proportione 
3  ;  8,  quam  nervo  stigmatico  fere  duplo  longiore ;  hoc  subarcuato  ;  post- 
marginali  fere  nullo  ;  lamina  linea  obliqua  pilorum,  ad  medium  nervi  stigmatici 
ineipiente,  in  partem  basalem  glabram  et  apicalem  parce  pilosam  divisa. 

Femora  antica  et  postica  aequaliter  dilatata  ;  tibiae  iJosticae  prope  calcar 
spina  brevi,  crassa,  instructae. 

Abdomen,   praeter  oviductum,  paullum  thorace  longius,   baud  angustius, 


Fig.  3. — Crossogaster  atratus,  $. 

1,  caput  antice  visum;  2,  idem  de  latere; 

3.  ala  anterior;  (x  27). 


126  NOVITATES    ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV.    1917 

latitudine  fere  duplo  longius,  ellipticum,  depressiim,  segmentorum  marginibus 
dorsalibus  aspectu  crenulatis  et  medio  hand  profiinde  angidatim  incisis  ;  valvida 
ventrali  setosa  ;    oviductu  hand  curvato,  2/9  abdomini.s  longitudinis  aeqiiaiite. 

Long.  1,9  nini. 

Habitat.  Mahe :  "among  scrubby  endemic  forest  vegetation,  at  top  of 
Mount  Sebert,  nearly  2,000  ft.  i.-1909,"  ubi  Pandani  frcquentes. 

Specimen  unicum. 

Adn.  Huic  generi  duae  .species  pcrtinebant,  C.  trifonnis  !Mayri  et  C.  silvestrii 
Grandii,  ilia  in  Sokotra  insula,  haec  in  Senegal  inventa  et  ab  auctore  nuper 
descripta  {Boll.  Labor.  Zool.  gen.  e  agr.,  Portici,  x.  1916.  p.  253).  C.  triformem  a 
specie  seychellensi  facile  dignoscas  capite  thoracecjue  obscure  viridibus,  ab- 
domine  fere  toto  brunneo,  flageUi  articulo  tertio  sequentibus  conforrai,  oviductu 
longiore.  C.  silvestrii  praecipue  differt  corporis  colore  castaneo-fidigineo, 
capite,  antice  inspecto,  ad  os  angustato,  pedicello  crassiore,  nerve  stigmatico 
magis  attenuato,  oviductu  breviore. 

SuBFAM.  TORYMINAE. 

Gen.  Sycoryctes  Mayr. 

4.  Sycoryctes  sebertianus,  sp.  n. 

Femina.  Aenea,  thoracis  lateribus  et  capite  leniter  auratis,  hoc  infra  anten- 
narum  radiculas  pallide  flavo,  vertice  subviolaceo  ;  thoracis  dorso  cuprescente  ; 
terebrae  valvis  nigris ;  scape  obscure  aeneo,  fiagello  nigro-bnuineo  ;  coxis 
atque  fenioribus  fuscis,  tarsis  omnibus  tibiisque  anticis  totis  fulvis,  tibiis  po- 
sterioribus  basi  fulvis  versus  apicem  sensim  infuscatis  ;  vertice  transversim 
strigoso  ;  antennis  ab  ore  1/4  capitis  longitudinis  reniotis,  scapo  ocelhim  attin- 
gente,  pedicello  conico,  latitudine  vix  longiore,  annello  brevissimo,  funiculi 
articulis  aequilongis,  prime  quani  pedicello  parum  crassiore,  aeque  lengo  atque 
late,  ultimo  longitudine  latiore  proportione  5  :  3,  clava  distincte  triarticulata, 
articulis  duobus  praecedentibus  aequilonga  ;  mesonoti  parte  praeaxillari  minute 
reticulata,  pronoto  atque  scutello  etiam  magis  minute  insculptis,  epistemis 
laevibus,  politis,  nietapleura  subtiliter,  confertissime,  transversim  striata. 

Long.  2,6  mm.,  oviductus  3  mm. 

Habitat.  Mahe  :  "from  scrubbj-  endemic  forest  vegetation  at  sumn:it  of 
Mount  Sebert,  about  1,800  ft.,  i.-1909."      ■ 

Specimen  unicum. 

Gen.  Podagrion  Spinola. 
5.  Podagrion  terebrator,  sp.  n.  (fig.  4). 

Femina.  Capite  thoraceque  viridibus,  oculis  oeellisque  rufo-brunneis,  genis 
frontecjue  plus  minus  auratis,  mesothoraeis  lateribus  pro  parte  cyaneis.  meta- 
pleura,  coxis  posticis,  feniorum  posticorum  latere  intcriore,  abdominis  latere 
dorsali,  obscure  cyaneo-viridibus,  parte  reliqua  abdominis,  pedibus  anticis 
mediisque,  femoris  postici  basi  et  apice,  antennarum  scapo  et  pedicello,  fulvis, 
hoc  ultimo  fusco-maculato,  funicule  flavo-brunneo,  clava  fusca,  proalis  fere 
limpidis,  nervis  fuscis,  tegulis  brunneis. 

Caput  minute  reticulatum,  areolis  temporum  maioribus.  Annellus  duplo 
latior  quam  longior  ;   funiculi  articulus  primus  latitudine  sua  fere  sesquilongior, 


NOVITATES    ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV.     1917. 


127 


Fig.  4. — Podagrion  terebrator,  $. 

1,  antenna  (x  27);  2,  femur  posticum  de 

latere  interiore  inspectum  (x  23). 


sequentes  sensim  crassiores  atque  breviores,  ultimi  duo  tamen  aequilongi,  articulus 
quintu.s  quadratu.s,  sextus  longitudine  parum  latior,  Septimus  huius  latitudinem 
conspicue  superans.  Clava  longitudinem  articulorum  quinque  praecedentium 
aequans,  de  supra  inspecta  quam  articulus  sextus  latior. 

Mesosternum  et  mesopleura  strigis  notata  reticulum  formantibus,  in  parte 
posteriore  mesopleurae  fere  obsoletum.  Meta- 
pleura  subtiliter  reticulato-sulcata,  prope  latus 
ventrale  anteriusque  areolis  minoribus,  sulcis 
fortius  impressis  limitatis,  insculpta.  Metanotum 
carinis  duabus  ex  puncto  medio  anteriore  diver- 
gentibus,  ramulos  duos  emittentibus  jjarallelo.s, 
quorum  externus  ad  partem  lateralem,  internus 
ad  dorsalem  abdominis  basis,  desinentes. 

Femur  posticum  longitudine  duplam  altitu- 
dinem  paullo  superans  (proportione  20  ;  9)  denti- 
bus  circa  septem  munitum. 

Segmentum  abdominale  primum  laeve,  secundum  sparsim  atque  minutissime 
punctatum,  tertium  et  quartum  sulcis  tenuissimis  minute  reticulata,  quintum 
sculptura  etiam  reticulata,  at  areolis  transversis. 

Long.  3,5  mm.,  oviductus  3  mm. 

Habitat.  Mahe  :  Cascade  Estate,  etc. — Silhouette  :  Mare  aux  Cochons. 
"At  elevations  of  about  1,000  ft." 

Specimina  quatuor. 

SuBFAM.  CHALCIDINAE. 
Gen.   Chalcis  Fabricius. 
6,  Chalcis  lepida,  sp.  n.  (fig.  5). 

Femina.  Nigra,  scapo  rufo-brunneo  versus  apicem  lutescente,  pedicello 
obscure  luteo,  funiculi  articulis  ultimis,  clava  pro  parte,  labro  et  mandibulis 
rufis  ;  interdum  his  partibus  totis  nigris.  Femora  antica  dimidio  basali  vel 
fere  tota,  intermedia  praeter  apicem,  plus  minus  nigricantia,  reliquo  spatio 
lutea  ;  tibiae  anteriores  fere  omnino  luteae  vel  rufae,  interdum  nigrae  ;  femur 
posticum  apice  extus  luteo,  vel  rufo  et  luteo  maculato  ;  tibiae  posticae  latu.s 
exterius,  praeter  partem  tertiam  basalem  et  maculam  apicalem  lateri  posteriori 
propinquam  luteas,  grisescenti-rufum,  saepius  tamen  in  tertio  medio  nigrum, 
latus  anterius  semper  nigrum,  interius  rufum  et  basi  interdum  flavescens.  Tarsi 
flavo-albidi,  apice  brunnei.     Tegulae  flavae.     Alae  limpidae,  nei'vis  fuscis. 

Altitudinis  capitis  ad  latitudinem  proportio  7  :  10,  latitudinis  frontis  ad 
capitis  1  :  2.  Oculi  magni,  valde  convexi,  ex  latere  inspecti  ovales,  lati,  dia- 
metro  verticali  spatium  interorbitalem  fere  aequante.  Ocelli  posteriores  ab 
anteriore  magis  quam  ab  oculis  remoti.  Carina  praeorbitahs  praesens.  Faciei 
alveoli  contigui,  quam  dorsi  minores.  Antennae  nonnihil  sub  linea  oculari 
insertae,  a  clypeo  parum  remotae  ;  flagello  altitudinem  capitis  longitudine  vix 
superante  ;  annello  bene  discreto,  duplo  latiore  quam  longiorc  ;  funiculi  articulo 
prinio  latitudine  sua  sesquilongiore,  4.  et  5.  quadratis  ;  clavae  articulo  secundo 
quam  primo  maiore,  aeque  longo  atque  lato,  apice  obtuso,  saepe  post  mortem 
immerso. 

Thorax  brevis,  altus,  de  latere  inspectus  dorso  piano,  scuteUo  vix  prominente^ 


128  NOVITATES    ZOOLOOICAE    XXIV.     1017. 

raetanoto  dimidio  angulo  recto  decli\'i.  Seutelli  margo  apicalis  integer.  Meta- 
thoracis  latera  liaud  dcntata  ;  inetapleurac  aiitice  linea  verticali  liniitatae. 
Alveoli  dorsi,  praecipue  super  scutum,  baud  eontigui,  in  din.idio  posteriore 
seutelli  sensiiii  versus  apicem  maiores  ;    spatia  interposita  scabra. 

Femora  secundi  paris  pedum  item  atque  prin  i  ad  medium  crassiora. 
Femora  postiea  fere  duplo  longiora  quam  latiora,  interne   tuberculo  instructa, 

margine  ventrali  dentibus  decern  vel  duodecim, 
apicc  obtusis,  munito,  quorum  sex  primi  spatio 
inter  se  remoti  eorum  latitudincm  aequante,  pri- 
musque  ceteris  maior  ;  superficie  interna  externaque 
baud  nitidis,  hac  quum  satis  vitro  aucta,  sulcis 
subtilibus  minutissime  reticulata,  in  angulis  reticuli 
punctis  satis  conspicuis  impressa,  sat  dense  pilosula. 
■    ■  '*  '^    '  "'         Coxae   posticae   superficie   externa   nitida,    lineolis 

Femur  posbicum  (x  27). 

tantum  sulcata  subtilibus.  undulatis,  quibus  reticu- 
lum eflficitur ;  superficie  inferiore  crebre  foveolis  rotundis  impressa.  quarum 
distantia  ipsarum  diamctrum  paullum  superat. 

Abdominis  segmenta  praeter  basale  minutissime  granulosa,  punctis  pibferis 
sparsis ;  tergitum  sextum  foveis  rotundis  fere  totum  insculptum.  Pili  in 
segmentis  3.-6.,  nee  non  in  lateribus  segmenti  secundi,  frequentes. 

Long.   3-3,5  mm. 

Mas  feminae  simiUs. 

Habitat.  "  Seychelles,  mostly  from  cultivated  country  at  low  elevations. 
Silhouette  :  coconut-planted  coast  at  Pointe  Etienne,  ix.  1908. — Mahe :  from 
Port  Victoria  and  other  localities  in  the  low  country,  also  from  Cascade  Estate 
at  1,000  ft. — Anonyme  Island  (a  cultivated  islet  near  Mahe). — Dennis  Island 
(an  outlying  coral-island)." 

Specimina  :    $$  quindecim,  cJ  unus. 

Adn.  Diagnosin  invenire  cpiae  huic  Ghalcidi  bene  conveniat  iitqueo,  quare 
]5ro  nova  habeo.  Species  femorum  posticorum  colore  atque  sculptura  scutelUque 
apicc  non  inciso  siniilis  est  Chalcidi  vicinae  Walk.,  at  differt  femorum  denticulie  ; 
colore  autem  speciei  cuidani  syriacae,  ineditae,  accedit,  nee  non  Chalcidi  quam 
dr.  Mori  Gassidae  vittatae  parasitam  in  Italia  invenit.* 

7.  Chalcis  sodalis,  sp.  n.  (fig.   6). 

Chalcis  amenocles  P6rez,  Ann.  Soc.  ent.  Fr.  vol.  Ixiv.   1895.  p.  211,  212  [jorte]. 

Femina.  Nigra,  scapo  in  dimidio  inferiore  grisescenti-luteo  macula  alba 
oblonga  notato  ;  proaUs  baud  infumatis,  subcosta  usque  ad  praestigma  grisea, 
nervis  reliquis  brunneis  ;  pedibus  nigro.  albo  et  rubro  variis  ;  femoribus  anticis 
in  dimidio  basali,  mediis  fere  totis,  nigris,  colore  hoc  ab  albido  partis  rehquae 
linea  obliqua  distincte  separato  ;  tibiis  anticis  in  tertio  medio  vel  paullo  an^plius 
rufis,  parte  basali  et  apicali  albis  linea  niarginis  anterioris  etiam  alba  coniunctis  ; 
tibiis  secundi  paris  in  tertio  medio  nigris.  reliquo  spatio  albis  ;  pedibus  posticis 
coxis  nigris,  femoribus  rubris,  horum  macula  apicali  alba  1/4  longitudinis  occu- 
pante,  tibiis  albis,  in  tertio  medio  fere  toto  et  basi  nigro-maculatis,  vel  in  his 
partibus  rubris,  in  latere  anteriore  nigris  ;  tarsis  omnibus  fid'V'is,  apice  fuscis, 
tegulis  et  pilis  albis. 

*  In  feraoria  figura  dens  quartus  structura  anomala  duplicatua  apparet. 


NOVITATES    ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV.     1917.  129 

Caput  carinis  genali,  praeorbitali  atque  teniporali  continuis,  faciei  dimidio 
inferiore  geni.sque  dense  argenteo-pilosis,  spatio  frontis  inter  orbitam  et  foveam 
antennaleni  articulum  primum  funiculi  aequantc.  Articulus  hie  et  sequens 
quadrati,  Septimus  longitudine  sua  fere  duplo  latior.  Flagelli  pili  frequentes, 
in  latere  ventrali  articulorum  baud  longiores. 

Tborax  sat  robustus.  Scutellum  apice  bilobatum.  Metathorax  de  latere 
inspectus  dorso  paruni  declivi,  dente  latorali  posteriore  modice  elevato,  obtuso. 
Epicneniia  juxta  latus  anterius  seriatim  alveolata,  reliquo  spatio  laevia. 

Sculptura  capitis  dorsique  praeter  scutellum  et  dimidium  seuti  apicale, 
minuta,  foveolis  confertis  constans  ;  scuti  pars  dimidia  posterior  et  scutellum 
totum  foveolis  notata  magnis,  interdum  inaequalibus,  nee  satis  contiguis. 

Coxarum   posticarum    latus   inferius   fortiter  punctatum,  foveolis   minora 
spatio   quam  ipsarum   diametro  inter  se  remotis.     Femoris  postici  longitude 
duplam  eius   altitudinem  vix  aequans  ;   superficies  externa  minute  reticulato- 
sulcata,  profunde  punctulata  ;  denies  10-11,  quorum 
sex  primi  longiusculi,  acuti,  3.,  4.  et  5.  spatio  eorum 
altitudinem   baud  superante  inter  se  remoti,   tres, 
vel  quatuor,  ultimi  parvi,  coalescentes. 

Abdominis  segmentum  primum  pobtum,  seg- 
menta  reliqua  confertim  et  minute  reticulato- 
squamosa  ;    tersitum    sextum    foveolis  insculptum 

.    ,  ^.  n    .   •      1-  1         -.L     ,•       1-  Fia.  6.— Chalets  aodalie,  Q. 

inter  se  remotis,  quarum  S-i  in  iinea  ionsitudinaJi  _  ,.       ,    „, 

'    ^  o  Femur  posticum  (x  16). 

numerantur.      Segmentum    secundum   pilis    paucis 

ornatum,  tertium  et  sequentia  pilis,  praecipue  in  lateribus,  numerosis. 

Long.  5,5  mm. 

Mas.  Pedibus  anticis  meciisque  magis  quam  in  femina  iiigro  pictis,  tibia 
antica  in  latere  externo  nigro-maculata,  apice  flavo-brunnea  ;  femoris  postici  2/3 
anterioribus  nigro-maculatis  ;  abdominis  tergito  sexto  confertim  foveolato,  stern- 
itis  coxisque  aeque  punctulati?,  sternito  secundo  inter  foveolas  minute  granuloso. 

Long.  3,5  mm. 

Habitat.  Mahe  :  Cascade  E.state. — Silhouette:  Mare  aux  Cochons.  "At 
elevations  of  about  1,000  ft." 

Adn.  Haee  una  est  ex  multis  Chalcidum  speciebus  nigro,  rubro  et  albo 
pictis,  Africae  pertinentibus,  quae,  meo  judicio,  non  possunt  dignosci  nisi  femoris 
postici  altitudo  ac  longitudo,  huiusque  et  tergiti  sexti  sculptura  examinentur  ; 
quod  auctores  in  eis  describendis  neglexerunt.  Specimen  seycliellense  ab  Alluaud 
apud  Mahe  captum,  a  Perez  Chalcidi  amenocli  Walk,  non  sine  haesitatione 
relatum,  quod  ex  Museo  Parisiensi  dr.  Bouvier  mihi  liberaliter  misit,  cum  mare 
nunc  descripto  comparavi  et  eidem  speciei  attribuendum  aestimavi,  quamquam 
maiori  statura,  femoribus  posticis  baud  nigro-maculatis,  anterioribus  veio 
usque  ad  1/3  apicalem  nigris,  differret. 

Specimina  duo  ??,  unum  S- 

Gen.  Anacryptus  Kirby. 

(Chalcitella  West  wood  ?). 

8.  Anacryptus  insidiosus,  sp.  n.  (fig.  7). 

Femina.  Castaneo-rufa,  brunneo  et  nigro  varia,  oculis  brunneis,  alis  hyalinis, 
nervis  pallide  flavo-griseis.     Plerumque  his  partibus  nigricantibus  :    occipite, 
9 


130  NOVITATES    ZoOLOGirAE    XXIV.     1017. 

scuto  et  scutello,  scapulis  totis  vel  tantum  prope  scutum,  axilli.s,  mesothoraeis 
lateribus,  metapleurae  parte  inferiore,  metanoto,  coxi.'^  posticis  superne.  petiolo 
et  abdominis  dor.so.  Tegulis,  genubus  anterioribus.  interdum  pedibus  anteiic- 
ribus  totis,  scapo  punctoque  in  parte  postica  metapleurae,  obscure  luteis ; 
funiculi  articulis,  nee  non  elavae  articulo  primo,  apice  nigro-annulatis.  rare  clava 
tota  et  funiculo  fere  toto  nigris. 

Caput  aeque  longum  atquo  latum,  facie  Icnitcr  convexa,  scrobe  fere  nulla. 
Antennae  flagello  quam  scapo  fere  duplo  longiore,  hcc  2/3  capitis  Icrgituc'inis 
aequante,  annello  quadrato,  funiculi  articulo  primo  quam  annello  duplo  latiore, 
reliquis  longitudine  parum  latioribus,  clava  apice  acuto.  Icngitudine  articulos 
2J  praecedentes  aequante  ;    sensillis  articulis  aequilongis. 

Dorsum  pilis  subtilioribus  ornatum,  scuto  superficie  tota  alveolate.  Scu- 
tellum  apice  rotundato-truncato.  Metapleura  alveolis  impressa  contiguis,  magnis, 
fundo  seabris,  forma  hexagona  vel  pentagona,  pilis  instructis  eorum  diametro 
aequilongis. 

Coxarum  posticarum  latus  dorsale  fere  totum  transverse  et  concinne  strigu- 
losum,  strigis  interdum  confluentibus,  extus  et  in  parte  basali  foveolis  magnis 
rotundatis  impressum  ;  latus  exterius  toto  spatio  foveolis 
notatum  rotundis,  aequalibus.  Femora  antica  sub- 
clavata,  intermedia  dimidio  basali  ctiam  magisattenuata, 
dimidio  apicali  conspicue  incrassata. 

Petiolus   scapo   aequilongus,  2/3  coxarum    longitu- 

dinis  vix  superans,    dimidium  abdominis   fere  aequans, 

in   latere    superiore    niinutissime    sulcato-reticulatus   et 

Fig   7  —Anacrupius         carina  instruetus  longitudinali  mediana  parum  conspicua, 

inaidioaus,  ?.  carinis  submedianis  fere  obsoletis  ;   de  latere  inspectus 

Femur  posticum  cum  tibia         Carinas  quinque  ostendens. 

Abdomen  altitudine  3/5  longitudinis    aequans,  seg- 
mento  primo  4/5  totius  longitudinis  occupante,  superficie  niinutissime  et  con- 
fertim  punctulata. 
Long.  3-4,5  mm. 
Mas  feminae  similis. 

Habitat.  Mahe  :    Ca.scade  Estate  ("at  about  1,000  ft."). 
Specimina  duodecim. 

Gex.  Hockeria  Walker. 
9.  Hockeria  fulvipes,  sp.  n.  (fig.  8). 

Femitia.  Nigra,  capite  thoraceque  subnitidis,  abdomine  nitido  ;  antennis 
usque  ad  articulum  secundum  funiculi,  tegulis  ac  pedibus  praeter  eoxas,  fulvis, 
parte  reliqua  flagelli  nigra  apice  grisescente ;  proalis  flavo-griseis,  macula  albida 
antice  mox  pone  nervum  stigmaticum  ornatis,  pcnc  2/5  longitudinis  usque  ad 
1/5  apicalem  fuscis,  spatio  hoc  tamen  versus  marginem  posticum  minus  obscuro  ; 
metapleura  inferne  et  metanoto  versus  apicem  pilis  albis,  sericeis,  sat  longis, 
instructis  ;  pedum  posticorum  coxa  interdum  apice  rufa,  femore  praeter  bnsim 
et  latus  dorsale  plus  minus  nigricantc,  tibia  in  latere  anteriore  nigra. 

Capitis  longitude  3/4  latitudinis  aequans,  latitude  frontis  diametro  maiori 
brbitarum  aequilonga.  Oculi  glabri.  Ocelli  ab  oculis  distantes  spatio  quam 
eorum    diametro    paullo    maiore.     Lobus   inter   antennarum    insertiones   com- 


NOVITATES    ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV.     1917.  131 

pressus  semicircularis,  conspicue  prominens.  Forma  capitis  ex  latere  inspeeti 
ovata,  crassitie  longitudini  orbitae  aequilonga.  Genae  hand  curvatae,  vestigio 
carinae  longitudinalis.  Sciilptura  totiu.s  capitis  foveolis  constans  contiguis. 
Fovea  antennalis  1/3  frontis  occupans,  fundo  ininutissime  .sulcato-reticulato, 
areolis  transversis.  Scapus  hand  robustus,  subrectus,  vix  perspicue  reticulatus, 
in  dimidio  basali  niinime  incrassatus,  apice  leniter  compresso-dilatatus  ;  pedi- 
callus  latitiidine  magis  quam  duplo  longior  ;  annellus  vix  longior  quani  latior 
et  longitudine  dimidiuni  pedicelli  aequans  ;  funiculi  artieulu.s  primus  pedicello 
aequilongus,  ceteri  gradatim  breviores,  Septimus  latitudine  sua  parum  longior, 
quam  clava  fere  duplo  brevior  ;  haec  articulis  constans  tribiis  subaequalibus, 
vix  discretis. 

Scutelli  pars  postaxillaris  in  dimidio  anteriore  marginibus  acutis  rectis 
parallelisque  limitata,  in  posteriore  margine  etiam  acuto,  semicirculari,  apice 
dentibus  duobus  plus  minus  obtuse  triangularibus  munito.  Sculptura  dorsi 
foveolis  constans  satis  regulariter  ordinatis,  interstitiis  angustis  separatis  ; 
superficies  tota  sulcato-reticulata,  sulcis  foveolanim  fundum  et  interstitia  occu- 
pantibus.  Metathorax  lateribus  omnino  inermibus,  metanoti  area  mediana 
rhomboidaU  valde  elongata,  eiusque  partibus  externis  reticulato-rugosis,  rugis 
versus  costam  transversam  anteriorem  crebris,  obliquis,  areolas  elongatas 
limitantibus.  Epicnemium  margine  anteriore  et  posteriore  nitidis  ;  spatium 
reUquum  mesothoracis  lateris  in  parte  superiore  foveolis  nonnuEis  rotundatis 
ante  marginem  metapleurae  impressum,  in  parte  inferiore  laeve,  nitens. 

Pedes  baud  robusti.  Femur  posticum  crassum,  longitudine  duplam  frontis 
latitudinem  aequans,  altitudine  dimidiam  longitu- 
dinem  suam  paullum  superans,  dentibus  parvis 
munitum,  primo  nonnihil  post  medium  promi- 
nente,  altero  huic  mox  sequente  fere  obsoleto. 
Tibiarum  posticaruni  diametrus  apicalis  1/3 
femoris  altitudinis  aequans.  Tarsi  postici  robusti, 
articulo  primo  quam  secundo  baud  longiore. 

Petiolus  longitudine  latior.  ^'''-  »--"<"'''"^  /»'"P".  ?• 

Femur  poaticmn  (x  40). 

Abdomen   ellipticuni,  apice  acummato,  seg- 
mento  basali  1/3  longitudinis  occupante,  reliquis  minutissime  reticulatis,  areolis 
subrotundis. 

Long.  2,3-3  mm. 

Mas.  Scapo,  pedicello,  annello.  trochanteribus  tarsisque,  sicut  in  femina, 
fulvis,  funiculo  et  clava  ochraceo-griseis,  tegulis,  coxis  niediis,  coxarum  posti- 
carum  apice,  petiolo  et  abdominis  segmento  basali  nigro-ferrugineis,  femoribus 
tibiisque  praeter  extremitates  nigris,  proalae  area  fusca  et  macuUs  albidis  fere 
obsoletis.  Oculi  glabri.  Lobus  antennarum  insertiones  dividens  minus  con- 
spicuus.  Flagellum  crassum,  valde  elongatum.  retrorsum  flexum,  abdominis 
medium  attingens,  pedicello  cyathiformi,  annello  brevissin;o,  funiculi  articulo 
primo  orbitis  aequilongo,  ceteris  vix  conspicue  gradatim  longioribus,  clava 
indivisa  et  longitudinem  pracclavae  parum  superante.  Scutellum  extreme 
apice  obtruncatum.  Mesopleurae  spatium  ante  metapleuram,  inferius  minute 
et  parce  punctulatum.  Coxae  intermediae  squamula  curvata  apicali  antice 
instructae  (an  etiam  femina  ?),  coxae  posticae  dente  lateris  dorsalis  destitutae. 
Femur  posticum  sculptura  reticulata  minuta  fortius  impressa,  dentibus  etiam 
minus  quam  in  femina  conspicuis,  anteriore  mediae  longitudini  n.iiius  propinquo. 


132 


NOVITATES   ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV.     1917. 


Abdominis  petiolus  ir.aior.  do  .'^upra  inspcctu.s  quadratus,  de  latere  fere  aeque 
altiis  atque  longus  et  in  liniite  posteriorc  iviagis  quam  in  anteriore  obliquo. 
Abdomen  segmento  basali  dimidiara  longitiidinem  arcii  sen  icirculari  margii.is 
.superante  et  tertiam  partem  posticam  totius  longitudinis  attingente  ;  segmento 
secimdo  margine  apicali  minus  curvato,  item  atqne  sequentibiis  sparsim  et 
minute  punctulato. 

Habitat.  "  Silhouette  :  from  low  coconut-planted  country  at  the  coast 
(Pointe  Etienne),  and  from  Mare  aux  Cochons  at  about  1,000  ft. — Mahe :  from 
stunted  endemic  foi'est  at  summit  of  Mount  Sebert,  about  1,800  ft." 

Specimina  duo  ??,  unum   o- 


10.  Hockeria  testaceitarsis  fameron  (fig.  9). 

Trans.  Linn.  Soc.  London,  vol.  xii.   1907.  p.  86. 

Species  a  praecedente  praecipue  differens  corporis  colore  plerumque  minus 
obscuro,  antennis  feminae  usque  ad  articulum  secundum  funiculi  et  pedibus 
maxima  parte  rufo-testaceis.  Specimina  obscuriora,  partibus  rufescentibus  fere 
nuUis,  Hockeriae  bispinosae  Walk,  sunt  similia. 

Femina.  Nigra,  capite  thoraceque  parum  nitidis,  scapo,  funiculi  artieulis 
duobus  primis,  tegulis,  trochanteribus,  femorum  basi,  genubus.  tibiarum  apice 
tarsisque  rufo-testaceis  vel  castaneo-rufis  ;  prothoracis  margine  prope  scapulas, 
axillis  in  latere  exteriore,  metanoti  latere  postico,  metapleurae  et  epicnemii  parte 
inferiore,  confertim  pilis  albis,  sericeis.  instructis  ;  proahs  leniter  grisescentibus, 
antice,  mox  pone  nervum  stigmaticum,  macula  albida  ornatis.  post  2/5  longi- 
tudinis usque  ad  1/5  apicalem  fuscis,  spatio  hoc  tamen  versus  marginem  posticum 
vix  infuscato. 

Variat  funiculi  articulo  tertio  pedibusque  fere  totis  rufo-testaceis,  excepto 

tamen  femore  postico  ad  medium  lateris  exterioris  ;  tegulis  nigris  ;  partibus,  quae 

plerumque  sunt  rufescentes,  quam  maxime  infuscatis  et  corpori  fere  concoloribus, 

Oculi    glabri.     Scapus    minutissime    reticulatus.     Scutellum    in    dimidio 

anteriore  partis  postaxillaris  marginibus  baud 
rectis  neque  paralleUs  liniitatum,  apice  late 
truncatum  vel  leniter  concavum,  vel  lobis 
duobus  rotundatis  baud  contiguis  terminatum. 
Sculptura  totius  dorsi  fortiter  impressa,  foveolis 
irregulariter  dispositis.  Metanotum  carinis 
medianis  instructum  duabus,  parallelis,  sulcum 
latum  limitantibus,  ad  medium  saepe  costa 
transversa  coniunctis  ;  superficie  dorsali  rcliqua 
grosse  et  distincte  alveolata,  areolis  quad- 
rangularibus,  minute  granulosis,  in  utroque 
latere  sulci  mediani  duphce  ordine  dispositis. 
Metathoracis  latus  prominentia  trapezoidali 
parum  conspicua  instructum.  Femur  posti- 
cum plerumque  crassum,  altitudine  ad  longi- 
tudinem  sicut  55  :  100,  interdum  minus 
dilatatum,  scilicet  altitudine  ad  longitudinem  proportione  47  :  100,  superficie 
reticulata  sat  fortiter  insculpta.  Abdomen  ovato-ellipticum,  segmentis  1.  et  2. 
supra  laevibus,  raro  sparsim  et  parce  punctulatis. 


Fig,  9. — Hockeria  testaceitarsis,  $. 

1,  femur  postiuum  tvpiccm ;  'J,  idem 

eiemplaris  gniuilioris;  (>:  ^0), 


NOVITATES    ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV.     1917.  133 

Long.  2-3,5  mm. 

Mas  statura  paullo  minor,  abdoniine  breviore,  scapo  infuscato  et  flagello 
toto  nigro.  hoc  apicem  coxae  posticte  tantum  attingentc  ;  alarum  area  fu.sca 
miniLs  obscura,  oculis  glabris. 

Habitat.  "  Cameron's  type  was  taken  in  the  coral-islands  of  the  Cargados 
Group,  at  Establishment  Island,  28.  viii.  1905  (H.M.S.  Sealark  Expedition). 
In  the  Seychelles  the  species  appears  to  be  widely  distributed,  many  of  the 
specimens  being  found  in  cultivated  places  near  the  coast,  but  some  also  in  the 
endemic  forests  at  high  altitudes.  Silhouette  :  coast  near  Pointe  Etienne, 
and  Mare  aux  Cochons. — Mahe  :  Port  Victoria,  marshy  coastal  plains  near 
Anse  Royale,  high  forest  of  Morne  Blanc,  etc. — Anonyme  Island." 

Adn.  Hanc  speciem  recognovL  comparatione  typi,  qui  ab  auctore  non  satis 
quidem  neque  apte  descriptus,  mas  est  pedibus  antennisque  pro  parte  rufis. 

Speeimina  seychellensia  plurima. 


Gen.  Anthrocephalus  Kirbj^ 
11.  Anthrocephalus  mahensis,  sp.  n.  (figs.  10,  11). 

Femina.  Nigra,  pubescentia  albo-sericea  ;  proalis  macula  tantum  fusca 
trapezoidali,  parva,  infra  nervum  marginalcm  ornatis,  nervis  nigrc-brunneis  ; 
tibiis  anterioribus  rufescenti-nigris  :  his  partibus  ttstacec-iubris  :  antennis 
praeter  annulura  fuscum  juxta  apicem  articulorum  funicuH,  lobo  radiculas 
antennales  .separante,  nandibuHs,  alarum  teguHs,  abdominis  latere  ventrali 
segmentisque  totis  post  quartum,  trochanteribus  et  tarsis  omnibus,  pedum 
anteriorum  genubus,  pedum  posticorum  coxa  ad  apicem  femortque  basi  et 
apice  nee  non  latere  ventrali  ad  basim,  tibiaque  tota. 

Caput  antice  visum  triangulare,  longitudine  parum  latius  ;  oculis  prominulis, 
orbitis  paullum  infra  divergentibus  2/3  capitis  longitudinis  diametro  maiore 
extensis,  serie  .singula  alveolorum  a  scrobe  separatis  ;  hac,  modice  vitro  aucta, 
laevi,  at  50  diani.  magnificata  minute  granulosa  ;  tuberculis  antennalibus  quam 
flagelli  annello  vix  maioribus  ;  genis  limbo  crasso  nee  multo  prominente  postice 
marginatis,  sulco  tenuissimio,  recto,  impressis,  ex  orbita  inferiore  incipiente  ; 
carina  postorbitali  ac  praeorbitali  mox  infra  oculum  ex  sulco  genali  ortis, 
praeorbitali  brevissima,  scrobis  limbum  attingente.  Caput  de  latere  inspectum 
diametro  antero-posteriore  2/3  longitudinalis  aequante,  margin*  orbitali  postice 
n.ulto  magis  quam  antice  curvato. 

Antennae  1 3-articulatae,  clava  minus  distincte  divisa,  scapo  subrecto  3/4 
scrobis  longitudinis  occupante,  quam  flagello  dimidio  breviore  ;  pedicello  dupla 
eius  latitudine  paullum  longiore  ;  articulo  sequente,  id  est  annello,  baud  angustato, 
aeque  longo  atque  lato,  reliquis  usque  ad  6.  funiculi  latitudine  sesquilongioribus, 
3.  et  4.  crassioribus,  7.  vix  latitudine  longiore  ;  clava  articulis  duobus  praece- 
dentibus  aequilonga.  Articulorum  superficies,  50  diam.  inspecta,  vix  conspicue 
granulosa,  sensilUs  instructa  tenuissimis,  pilorum  instar,  series  transversas  tres 
forniantibus,  numero  6-10  in  quaque  serie  quum  antenna  de  latere  exteriore 
inspiciatur,  super  clavam  in  articulo  basali  biseriatis,  in  articulo  medio  in  serie 
singula  dispositis. 

Thoracis  dorsum  sparsim  ac  profunde  foveolis  impressum,  superficie  his 
interposita  reticulata,  foveolis  in  scuto  vix  quam  in  proncto  et  scutello  minoribus 


134 


XOVITATES    ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV.    1917. 


Fig.  10. — Anthrocephahis  inahensis,  ?. 

Metathorax  (x  45). 


spatioque   duplo  vel   sesqui-maiore   quam   earuin  diametro  remoti.s.     Tegulae 

minute  punctulatae.     Scutellum   per  totam  fere  longitudinem   excavatum,  in 

1/3  media  marginibus  rectis  parallelis  limita- 
tum,  apice  lobis  duobus  rotundatis,  contiguis, 
instructo.  Metanotum  fovea  media  sub- 
elliptica  et  alveolis  magnis  5  vel  6  in  utroque 
latere,  excavatum,  omnibus  forma  baud  regu- 
lari,  fundo  inaequali.  Mesothoracis  latera 
rugis  transversis  15  insculpta. 

Proalae  subcostae  parte  ascendente  con- 
.spicue  incrassata,  nervo  marginali  1/3  cellulae 
costalis  fere  aequante  et  postmarginali  aequi- 
longo,  at  duplo  crassiore,  nervo  stigmatico 
brevissimo. 

Pedes  robusti,  anteriores  tibiis  eostulatis, 

postici  coxae  superficie  ventrali  item  atque  femore  punctulata,  foveoli.s  spatio 

ipsarum  diametro  aequali  remoti.s,  femore  longitudine  paullum  minus  duplae 

altitudinis    aequante,    supra    valde,    infra   modice   convexo,    margine  ventrali 

ultra  1/3  denticulis  numerosis  pectinis  instar  munito 

et    tubercula  duo    valde   obtusa   in   dimidio   apicali 

formante,  quorum  primum  ad  6/11  totius  longitudinis, 

secundum  ad   8/11    prominens.     Tibia  postica  latere 

anteriore  apiculo  terminato   quam   calcaribus  aequi- 

longis  paullum   breviore,  de  latere  inspecta  margine 

apicali    in    dimidio    postericre    lobum    obtruncatum 

formante. 

Abdomen  conicum,  quam  thorax  et  caput  simul 

sumpta  parum  longius,  thorace  angustius,   segmento 

basali  1/3  dorsi  formante.  segmentis  2.-5.  aequalibus 

tertium   medium   occupantibus,  tergito  sexto  absque 

eius  1/4  apicali  areolis  setiferis  insculpto,  quincunciali 

ratione  dispositis  ac  fere  contiguis,  series  sex  transversas  formantibus,  spatio 

eis  interposito  minute  punctulato,  tergito  7.    reticulo  insculpto  areolis  rhombicis 

transversis,  50  diam.  conspiciendis. 
Long.  11  mm. 

Habitat.  Mali<^  :    Cascade  Estate. 
Specimen  unicum. 


Fio.   11. — Anihrocephalua 

Tnahensis,  $. 

Coxa,  femur  et  tibia  postica 

(X  15). 


Gen.  Hybothorax  Ratzeburg. 
12.  Hybothorax  frater,  sp.  n.  (fig.  12). 

Femina.  Nigra,  oeulis  castaneo-bnnineis,  his  partibus  rufescenti-ochraceis  ; 
scapo  ac  pedicello.  pedibus  anterioribus  praeter  coxas,  pedibus  posticis  basi 
et  latere  inferiore  femoris,  tibiaeque  dimidio  apicali,  tarsis  totis. 

Caput  thorace  haud  latius,  antice  visum  fere  triangulare  aequilatcrum, 
longitudine  4/5  latitudinis  vix  superans,  vertice  inter  ocellos  recto  ;  oeulis  .sat 
magnis,  convexis  pilisque  haud  confertis  et  satis  longis  ornatis  ;  genis  rectis, 
peristomio  angusto,  fovea  antennali  ad  ocellum  anteriorem  extensa,  infeme 
rugis    nonnullis    transversis    striata,  superne  minute  strigulosa  ;    antennis   13- 


NOVITATES    ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV,     1917. 


135 


1 


Fig.   \2.—Bybothorax  frater,  ?. 
1.  antenna;  2,  femur  posticiim  cum  tibLi;  (X  45). 


articulatis,  ad  os  insertis,  radiculis  tubercolo  separati.«,  scapo  lenitcr  curvato 
oceUum  anteriorem  attingente,  flagello  thcraci  aequilongo,  pedicello  duplo 
longiore  quam  latioie  et  basi  vix  constricto,  articulo  sequenti  .subquadrato, 
quarto  latitudine  sua  sesquilongiore,  quinto  hoc  paullo  longiore,  reliquis  articulo 
quarto  aequilongis,  sensim  crassioribus  ;  clava  c3lindro-coiiica,  longitudineni 
a  r  t  i  c  u  I  o  r  u  ni  trium  praecedentium 
aequante,  segmento  ultimo  minus  discrete 
sensillis  destituto. 

Dorsum  antice  fortitcr  cim-atum, 
sculptura  item  atque  in  capite  umbili- 
cata,  foveolis  constans  marginatis.  super 
scutellum  parum  Uiaioribus,  ad  Iniius 
apicem  fere  contiguis,  in  reliquis  partibus 
interstitiis  reticulatis  separatis.  Proiio- 
tum,  scutum  et  scutellum  fere  aequilonga, 
hoc  ultimum  elongate  triangulare,  apice 
attenuate,  1/3  longitudinis  suae  supra 
metathoracem  prominens  itaque  dorsel- 
lum  obtegens.  Metanotum  vis  declive, 
latum,    4-carinatum,    tecti    instar    coxas 

posticas  tegens,  margine  externo  perlongo,  recto,  ex  basi  alarum  meta- 
thoracis  ad  basini  abdominis  extenso  et  in  dentem  triangularem  desinente. 
Mesothoracis  latera  minute  alveolata-rugosa,  epimeris  inferne  poUtis. 

Proalae  segmentum  abdominis  tertium  attingentes,  subcostae  parte  ascen- 
dente  crassiore,  nervis  marginali,  postmarginali  et  stigmatico  nullis. 

Pedes  haud  longi,  robusti,  anttuiores  coxis  parvis,  femoribus  clavatis  ;  pos- 
tici  coxis  magnis,  politis,  in  latere  anteriore  pilosis,  femoribus  ovatis,  compressis, 
conspicue  reticulatis  et  in  latere  inferiore  denticulis  frequentibus  munitis  nee 
non  dente  robusto,  cuius  altitude  latitudini  tibiae  aequalis,  eius  distantiam  ab 
apice  femoris  haud  superat  ;  tibiae  posticae  obtruncatae,  calcaribus  brevibus,. 
crassis,  instructae.     Tarsi  anteriores  haud  incrassati,  postici  robustiores. 

Abdomen  sessile,  thoraci  aequilongum,  de  supra  visum  ellipticum,  de  latere 
autem  dorso  recto,  ventre  leniter  curvato,  parte  postica  oblique  sinuosa  inferne 
in  tuberculum  desinente,  segmentis  constituta  4.  et  5.  brevibus,  6.  his  simul 
sumptis  aequali.  Pars  abdominis  antica  lateralis  versus  metathoracis  latera 
auriculas  formans  strigulosas,  quae  metathoracis  anguhs  oppositae,  horum 
continuationem  simulant.  Segmentum  secundum  magnum,  3/4  dorsi  occupans, 
areolis  notatum  ellipticis,  marginatis,  haud  excavatis  ;  pars  eius  pone  coxas 
areolis  omnino  destituta.     Segmenti  6.  superficies  aspera. 

Pili  perlongi,  albidi,  thoracis  dorsum  et  superficiem  abdominis  fere  totam 
ornantes. 

Long.  2,6  mm. 

Mas.  Colore  feminae  similis,  antennis  totis  brunneo-luteis,  femoribus 
anterioribus  tibiisque  omnibus  leniter  pro  parte  infuscatis.  Flagelli  longitude 
2J  scapi  aequans,  annellus  brevissimus,  reliqui  articuli  subaequales,  clava 
apice  minus  acute.  Foveolae  dorsi  magis  quam  in  femina  adproximatae,  in 
scuteUo  fere  contiguae.  Metapleura  et  abdomen  longe  pilesa  ;  hoc  thoraci 
aequilongum,  lateribus  superiore  et  inferiore  rectis,  parte  postica  rotundata 
inferne  tuberculata.     Superficies  segmenti   secundi   areolis  insculpta   quam  in 


136  NOVITATES    ZOOLOCICAE    XXIV.     1917. 

femina  parum  maioribus,  spatio  polito  iiullo.  Pens  fen.oralis  apico  rotundatus. 
Long.  2  mm. 

Habitat.  Mahe  :  "Cascade  Estate,  about  800  ft." — Anonyire  Island  ("a 
cultivated  islet  near  Mahe"). 

Specimina  duo,  <3  et  $. 

Adn.  Species  haec  seychellensis  pedum  colore  ab  europaeo  Hybothorace 
grafjli  Ratz.  distinguitur,  qui  unus  generi  pertinebat,  in  Germania  Galliaqne 
inventus,  ubi  parasita  est  Myrmeleonis  formicarii. 


Stjbfam.  EURYTOMINAE. 

Gen.  Eurytoma  Illiger. 

13.  Eurytoma,  sp. 

Mas.  Niger,  oculis  concoloribus,  scapo  toto  nigro,  macula  ante  collare 
parva  flavo-grisea  ;  alarum  nervis,  genubus,  tibiis  posterioribus  basi  ct  apice. 
tarsisque  omnibus,  flavo-albidis,  interdum  flavis  ;  tibiis  primi  paris  pedum  in 
latere  anteriore  et  posteriore  fusco-lineatis  ;    pilis  argenteis. 

Oculi  parum  convex!  ;  faciei  zona  depressa,  marf;inem  orbitalem  anteriorem 
formans,  a  reliqua  superficie  sculptura  hand  diversa  ;  ocelli  posteriores  ab 
anteriore  magis  quam  ab  oculis  remoti,  distantiae  proportione  3:2;  pediceUus 
globosus  ;  artieulus  primus  funiculi  dimidiam  scapi  longitudinem  fere  aequans, 
articuli  secnndi  nodus  vix  duplo  longior  quam  latior,  isthmi  1/3-1/4  nodorum 
longitudinis  aequantes  ;  pili  quam  articuli  sesquilongiores  ;  clava  pedunculata, 
quam  artieulus  praecedens  sesquilongior. 

Thorax,  de  latere  inspcctus,  dorso  piano,  metanoto  parum  oblique.  Axil- 
larum  pars  dimidia  interior  alveolis  elongatis  recte  marginatis  insculpta.  Me- 
tanotuni  supra  abdominis  inserticnem  area  depressa  sublaevi  instructum,  quae 
autem  fortiter  vitro  aucta  superficiem  ostendit  scabram  propter  areolas  sat 
profunde  excavatas,  confertas,  marginibus  reticulum  formantc.  Callus,  etiam 
fortiter  vitro  auctus,  minute  reticulatu.s.  Mesosternum  superne  vix  conspicue 
reticulatum,  infernc  foveoUs  ct  cminentiis  transversis  nonnullis  insculptum  ; 
mesopleura  scabra. 

Nervus  stigmaticus   marginali  aequilongus,   postm,arginalis  vix   longior. 
Petiolus  coxis  posticis  sesquilongior. 
Long.  2,2  mm. 

Femina.  Scapus  basi  flava,  pediceUus  quam  artieulus  primus  funiculi 
parum  brevior,  artieulus  hie  latitudine  sua  fere  sesquilongior,  sequentes  sensini 
breviores  et  crassiores,  quintus  latitudine  paullo  longior,  clava  2h  praeclavae 
longitudinis  aequans,  in  parte  tcrtia  apicali  conica,  reliquo  spatio  cjlindrica  ; 
pili  funiculum  ornantes  articuUs  aequilongi.  Nervus  marginalis  stigmatico 
sesquilongior,  hie  postmarginali  duplo  brevior.  Abdomen  latere  dorsali  seg- 
menti  tertii  quam  secundi  sesquiloiigiore,  quarti  quam  tcrtii  magis  quam  duplo 
longiore,  superficie  tota  dorsali  minute  squamoso-pvnictata,  lateribus  autem 
ventreque  in  segmentis  4.  et  5.  areoUs  hexagonis,  aequaUbus,  conspicuis,  inscul- 
ptis,  segmento  sexto  toto  ruguloso.     Long.  2,7  mm. 

Habitat.  Silhouette  :    "Mare  aux  Cochons.  and  forest  near  hj\  about  1,000 
ft.,  and  from  the  coast  at  Pointe  Etienne." 
Specimina  quatuor  $$,  sex   (J  (J. 


NoriTATES   ZOOLOGICAE   XXIV.    1917.  137 

14.  Eurytoma,  sp. 

Femina.  Nigra,  scapo,  mandibulis  pedibusque  cum  coxis  luteis  ;  pedicello, 
annello,  macula  ante  collare,  epipjgio  ad  ba.sim  et  hypopj'gio  obscure  luteis  ; 
proalis  leniter  infuscatis,  nervis  praeter  postcostam  brunneis  ;    pili.s  albis. 

Caput  antice  visum  geiiis  modice  curvatis,  strigis  a  clypeo  radiantibus 
nulUs  ;  ex  latere  inspectum  oculis  magnis,  rotundatis,  vertice  lato,  genarum 
sculptura  fere  obsoleta.  Antennae  scapo  ad  medium  leniter  incrassato,  pedicello 
longitudine  et  latitudine  acquali,  funiculi  articulis  tribus  primis  latitudine 
sesquilongioribus,  quarto  et  quinto  vix  longioribus,  clava  his  paullo  minore. 

Thorax  brevis,  altus,  dorso  modice  curvato,  pronoto  longitudine  sua  se- 
squilatiore,  axillis  sculptura  aequali  ab  ilia  reliqui  dorsi  non  distinguenda  ; 
metanoto  fere  verticali,  medio  serie  duplice  alveolorum  quadrangularium  im- 
presso,  partibus  lateralibus  irregulariter  alveolatis,  alveolis  minoribus  nullis  ; 
epicnemio  hand  curvato  et  mesosterno,  superne  minute  reticulato-alveolatis. 

Proalae  nervo  marginali  duplo  cjuam  postmarginali  longiore,  stigmatico 
3/4  huius  aequante. 

C'oxae  posticae  crebre  reticulato-alveolatae. 

Petiolus  duplo  longior  quam  latior,  2/5  coxarum  longitudinis  baud  superans. 

Abdomen  altitudine  duplo  longius,  dorso  valde  curvato,  punctoque  maxime 
elevate  ad  1/4  totius  longitudinis  sito,  latere  ventrali  parum  convexo  et  curvae 
apice  ad  mediam  longitudinem  ;  diametro  transverso  longitudinem  segmen- 
torum  1.-5.  fere  aequante.  Segmentum  tertium  in  eius  latere  dorsali  quam 
secundum  duplo  longius,  quartum  duplam  tertii  longitudinem  paullo  superans, 
quintum  perbreve  pilisque  paucis  longis  ornatuni.  Tergitum  tertium  lateribus, 
excepta  parte  tertia  postica,  subtilissime  reticulatis,  quartum  ad  basim  segmenti 
fortius  insculptum  areolisque  maioribus  ;  reliqua  segmentorum  superficies  laevis, 
nitens.  Epipygium  et  hypopygium  elongata,  hoc  ultimum  1/4  abdominis 
longitudinis  ultra  segmentum  quintum  prominens. 

Long.  2  mm. 

Habitat.  Silhouette  :  Mare  aux  C'ochons. 

Specimen  unicum. 

Gex.  Eurytomidia  n.  (?). 

Specimen  unicum,  parv'um,  masculinum,  cuius  descriptio  sequitur,  hahitu 
Eurytomae  simile,  tamen  nervo  postmarginali  valde  elongate  et  parte  mesonoti 
praeaxillari  brevissinia  diversum,  etsi  amplius  ac  diligenter  examinare  non 
potuerim,  generi  novo  pertinere  mihi  visum  est.  Id  tibiis  posticis  bicalcaratis 
a  Phylloxeroxeno  distinguitur,  cum  quo  tamen  convenit  nervo  postmarginali 
elongate. 

15.  Eurytomidia  dubia,  sp.  n.  (fig.   13). 

Mas.  Niger,  oculis  concoloribus,  genubus,  tibiarum  apice  tarsisque  obscure 
luteis,  his  apice  fuscis,  alls  hyalinis  nervis  pallide  flavo-griseis. 

Caput  oculis  hand  prominulis,  glabris,  ex  latere  inspectis  subrotundis, 
spatio  interorbitali  5/6  latitudinis  aequante,  antennis  supra  medium  faciei 
insertis,  fovea  antennali  profunda,  nitida,  ecello  anteriere  extra  foveam  sito. 
Scapus  longitudinem   orbitarum   fere  aequans,   ocellum   attingens,   baud  com- 


138 


NOVITATES   ZOOLOUKAE    XXIV.     1917. 


presso-dilatatus  sed  apice  attenuatus,  superficie  scabra.  Flagcllum  longitudinem 
thoracis  superaiis,  pedicello  fere  globoso,  annello  parvo,  funiculi  articulo  primo 
3/4  scapi  longitudinis  baud  superante,  isthuus  2/3  uodorum  aequantibus,  bis 
forma  trapezoidali,  ad  medium  non  angustatis,  secundo  et  tertio  altitudinc 
paullum  longioribus.  Pili  verticillati  .articulis  aequilongi  vcl  paulhim  maiores. 
Sculptura  capitis  tt  tlioracis  fere  ubicumque  unibilicato-punctata,  at  paene 
obsoleta,  axillarum   in   dimidio  exteriore  minutissime  reticulata,  areolis  rect- 

angularibus,    in    interiore   alveolata  ;    tegulae 
minute  at  fortiter  sulcato-reticulatae. 

Pronotum  quam  scutum  duplo  longius. 
Scapulae  sulco  leniter  impresso  discretae. 

Proalae  angulo  posteriore  prominentc, 
cellula  costali  lata,  nervo  stigmatico  3/4  mar- 
ginalis  aequante,  hoc  quam  postniarginali 
dimidio  breviore. 

Femur  posticum  conspicue  reticulatum, 
areolis  minutis,  rhombicis ;  tibia  in  latere 
interiore  setis  rigidis  munita,  calcari  maioro 
dimidium  metatarsi  vix  superante,  altero 
brevissimo. 
Petiolus  coxas  posticas  baud  superans. 

Abdomen  superne  inspectum  aeque  longum  atque  latum,  de  latere  visum 
triangulare.  Segmenti  secundi  latus  dorsale  dimidiam  femoris  longitudinem 
parum  superans,  superficie  subtiliter  reticulata,  areolis  quam  femoris  miilto 
majoribus. 

Long.  1,5  mm. 

Habitat.  Silhouette  :  Mare  aux  Coehons,  "  from  the  marshy  plateau  at 
about  1,000  ft." 

Specimen  unicum. 


Fig.   13. — Eurytomidia  duhia,  ^. 

1,  proala  (x  32);  2,  tibiae  postioae  apex 
(X  27). 


Gen.  Decatoma  Spinola. 

(Eudecatoma,  Ashmead  —  ?). 

16.  Decatoma  kestraneura,  sp.  n. 

Mas.  Flavus,  vertice,  excepto  margine  orbitali,  dorso,  exceptis  pronoti 
lateribus,  petiolo,  abdomine,  maculaque  in  latere  superiore  femoris  postici, 
brunneis  ;  proalarum  nervo  marginali,  praeter  eius  limbinn  anteriorem  atque 
exteriorem,  nigro,  lamina  tota  hyalina. 

Linea  ocularis  inferior  in  media  faciei  longitudine  decurrens  ;  antennae 
in  hac  linea  insertae.  Clypeus  margine  lenissime  concave.  Ocellus  anterior  lineae 
posteriores  tangenti  fere  contiguus.  Pedicellus  pyriformis,  latitudine  sua  parum 
longior  ;  funiculi  articulus  primus  pedicello  sesquilongior,  scapo  sesquibrevior  ; 
articuli  sequentes  curtantes,  ultimus  pedicello  aequilongus. 

Superficies  capitis  et  dorsi,  praeter  metanotum,  aspectu  sublaevis,  90  diam. 
magnificata  minute  reticulata,  areolis  subrotundis ;  pronotum  vero  quasi 
tran.sverse  strigulosum  apparens.  Dorsellum  punctis  duobus  impressum  con- 
tigius  et  in  eius  linea  media  longitudinali  dispositis.  Metanoti  fovea  media 
sat  lata,  lateribus  parallelis,  transverse  quadricostata  ;  superficies  reliqua  reticule 


NOVITATES    ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV.     Ifll7. 


139 


insculpta,    50   diam.    magnificato   vix   perspiciendo  ;    plicae   longitudinales   in 
dimidio  posteriore  tantiim  determinatae. 

Proalae  cellula  basali  parce  ac  breviter  pubescente,  infra  praestignia  et 
prope  nervum  marginalem  speculo  nullo  setisque  longioribus.  Nervus  marginalis 
crassissimus,  longitudine  sua  hand  angustior,  extiis  non  oblique  truncatus, 
postice  linea  convexa  tenninatus  ;  postmarginalis  quam  marginalis  vix  brevier  ; 
stigmaticus  huius  longitudinem  aequans,  manifeste  obliquus,  clavae  angulo 
posteriore  et  unco  fere  aequaliter  prominentibus,  mallei  figuram  fingentibus. 

Setae  in  latere  posteriore  tibiae  posticae  huius  latitudini  subaequales, 
numero  octo  in  specimine. 

Petiolus  triple  longior  quam  latior,  coxas  posticas  non  superans,  sculptura 
minutissime  granulosa,  50  diam.  magnificata  vix  conspicua. 

Abdomen  forma  baud  globosa,  at  lateribus  in  1/3  media  subparallelis  ; 
segmento  2.  brevi,  1.  3.  et  4.  subaequalibus,  1.  2.  et  4.  laevibus,  ceteris  100  diam. 
magnificatis  leniter  reticulato-sulcatis,  areolis  transversis,  his  in  segmento  3 
maioribus. 

Long.  1,5  mm. 

Habitat.  Silhouette  :    Mare  aux  Cochons  plateau. 

Femina  ignota. 

Specimen  unicum. 

Ad7i.  Genus  Eudeaitonui  Ashm.  dubium  et  non  satis  definitum  mihi  videtur. 
Species  quam  descripsi,  pedicello  brevi,  proalis  hyalinis  et  speculo  nullo,  nervo 
marginali  latitudine  baud  longiore,  praecipue  est  distinguenda. 


Gen.  Isosoma  Walker. 
17.  Isosoma  insularum,  sp.  n.  (fig.  14). 

Mas.  Niger,  subnitidus,  prothorace  praeter  pronotum,  coxis  anticis,  inter- 
dum  mediis,  femoribus  anticis  mediisque  in  parte  dimidia  apicali,  tibiis  cmnibu." 
et  tarsis,  antennarum  radicula, 
scapo  ac  pedicello,  fiavo-griseis  ; 
pedicelli  latere  superiore  et  scapi 
dimidio  inferiore  infuscatis ; 
tibiarum  atque  tarsonim  latere 
anteriore  plerumque  obscuro  vel 
brunneo  ;  alis  decoloribus  nervis 
pallida  flavo-griseis. 

Caput  antice  visum  longitu- 
dine 3/4  latitudinis  vix  superans, 
vertice  arcuato,  orbitis  parallelis, 
peristomio  3/5  spatii  interorbitalis 
aequante.  Genae  baud  compres- 
sae,  subtiliter  sulcatae,  spatio 
triangulari    juxta    oculos    nitido. 


Fig.   14. — leoeoma  insularum,  <J. 
1,  antenna  (X  40);  2,  proala  (x  31;). 


Facies  minute  reticulata,  areolis  rhombicis,  spatioque  infra  antennarum  radiculas 
confertim  et  minute  punctulato.  Scapus  in  latere  inferiore  valde  curvatus^ 
latitudine,  ad  medium,  1/3  longitudinis  aequante.  Funiculi  articuli  partibus 
attenuatis  latitudini  nodorum  aequilongis  ;  isthmi,  his  partibus  binis  compositi, 
in    articulatione    biannulati.     Pili    baud    articulis    breviores.     Articuli    primi 


]|.A  NOVITATES    ZOOLOCICAE    XXIV.     1917. 

longitude  quadruplam  latitudinem  aequans,  sexti  triplam.  Clava  artkulo 
praecedenti  longitudine  et  latitudine  aequalis,  mucrone  paiTO  tenninata,  indi- 
stincte  articulata. 

Prothorax  bis  latior  quam  longior,  lineis  subtilibus  reticulatus  ;  scutellum 
apice  rotundatum,  item  atque  pronotum  reticulatiim  ;  areolae  in  scuto  maiores, 
minus  regulares,  in  seapulis  minorcs.  Metanotuni  rtticulatc-alvcolatum,  areohs 
irregularibus  minutis  insculptum,  medio  fovea  elliptica,  extremitatibus  truncata, 
leniter  impressa,  notatum,  huius  areolis  vix  minoribus.  Mesosterni  sculptura 
ab  ilia  prothoracis  baud  dissimilis,  episterni  magi.s  minuta  ;  epimerum  in  dimidio 
posteriore  laeve. 

Nervus   stigmaticus   dimidiam    marginalis   Icrgitudinem    attingens,    quam 

postmarginalis  sesquilongior. 

Petiolus  coxis  posticis  aequilongus,  latitudine  3/5  Icngitudinis  aequans, 
sculptura  baud  a  metanoto  dissimilis. 

Abdomen  cylindricum,  nitidum,  segmento  primo  quam  secundo  magis 
quam  duplo  longiore,  secundo  terticque  aequalibus,  quarto  et  quinto  his  parum 
longioribus,  quinto  autem  forma  et  sculptura  a  praecedente  discimili,  sexto 
parvo,  subtiliter  reticulato. 

Long.  2  mm. 

Habitat.  Mahe :  Cascade,  "from  cultivated  country  near  sea-level" 
(specimina  plurima),  Port  Victoria  (specimen  unum). 

Specimina  plurima. 


Gen.  Aximopsis  Ashmead. 

18.  Aximopsis  elegans,  sp.  n. 

Femina.  Nigro  et  rufo  varia,  tibiis  tarsisque  albis.  Capite  nigro,  oculis 
rubris  ;  antennarum  scapo  in  dimidio  basali  grisec-luteo,  in  dimidio  apicali 
brunneo,  pedicello  fusco-maculato,  articulo  quinto  funiculi  vel  quarto  et  quinto 
luteis,  clava  nigra  et  articulo  ultimo  sensillis  albidis  obsito,  ceteris  antennaium 
partibus  obscure  rufis  ;  prothorace,  praeter  maculam  dorsi  nigricantem,  seapulis, 
tegulis,  praesterno  et  angulo  anteriore  mesosterni,  obscure  rufis,  reliquis  thoracis 
partibus  et  petiolo  nigris  ;  abdomine  rufo  dorso  fusco  :  coxis  anticis  rufis  in 
latere  anteriore  nigris,  mediis  totis  rufis  vel  antice  nigro-maculatis,  posticis 
omnino  nigris  ;    femoribus  flavo-rufis  ;    alarum  nervis  flavo-fuscis. 

Caput  thoracis  latitudinem  prcporticne  100  :  87  superans,  prothoracis 
proportione  100  :  77  ;  antice  visum  latum,  oculis  magnis.  3/4  tctius  longitudinis 
extensis,  glabris  ;  de  latere  inspectum  ovato-triangulare,  parura  longius  quam 
latins,  latitudine  maxima  ad  medium  oculorum,  oculis  rotundatis.  Ocelli 
externi  ab  anteriore  et  ab  oculis  aequo  spatio  remcti.  Facies  latitudine  sua 
parum  longior,  versus  oculos  abrupte  temiinata,  marginibus  orbitarum  vix 
divergentibus,  inferne  radiatim  strigosa,  reliqua  superficie  alvcolata,  pubesetntia 
omata  sat  longa  sed  baud  conferta,  aequaUter  distributa.  Fovea  antennalis 
in  eius  dimidio  supero  margine  elevato  limitata,  inter  antennarum  radiculas 
lamina  prominente  divisa.  Antennae  supra  medium  faciei  insertae ;  pediccllus 
breviter  conicus,  funiculi  articulus  primus  longitudine  triplam  latitudintm, 
secundus  duplam  latitudinem,  aequantes,  tertius  .secundo  aequalis,  quartus 
quam  tertius  parum  crassior  et  vix  brevior,  quintus  subquadratus,  quam  primus 


NOVITATES    ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV.     1917.  141 

fere  sesquilatior  ;  clava  basi  obtruncata,  quam  articuli  praecedentes  pauUum 
brevior. 

Thorax  de  latere  inspectus  dorso  parum  curvato,  metanoto  secundum 
curvam  totius  dorsi  disposito.  Mesosternum  valde  retrorsum  vergens,  margine 
exteriore  fere  horizontal!.  Metanotum  medio  late  sulcatum,  in  parte  anteriore 
sulci  alveolLs  duobus  impressum  elongatis,  contiguis,  quibus  nonnuUi  succedunt 
subquadrati  in  serie  singula  dispositi. 

Nervus  marginalis  et  postmarginalis  aequilongi,  stigmaticus  his  dimidio 
brevior. 

Coxae  anticae  hand  dentatae,  facie  laterali  cum  anteriore  in  dimidio  supero 
angulum  formante.  Coxae  posticae  in  dimidio  inferiore  longitudinaliter  et 
confertim  strigulosae. 

Petiolus  coxis  posticis  fere  sesquilongior,  abdominis  lateri  ventrali  post 
1/3  longitudini.s  affixus,  ad  basim  mucrone  dorsali  peracuto  instructus,  super- 
ficie  dorsali  scabra.  lateribus  longitudinaliter  confertim  sulcatis. 

Abdomen  deorsum  flexum,  ovatuni,  compressum,  latitudine  dimidiam  fere 
longitudinem,  altitudine  ad  petioli  insertionem  2/3  longitudinis  aequante,  apice 
attenuato,  segmento  quarto  in  latere  dorsali  quam  tertio  fere  sesquilongiore, 
quinto  hoc  dimidio  breviore,  sexto  et  septimo  subaequalibus,  quam  quinto  fere 
sesquilongioribus.  Segmenta  1.-5.  laevia,  nitida,  6.  atque  7.  sculptura  reticulata 
minutissima,  vix  conspicua. 

Long.  3-3,5  mm.  Longitudo  capitis  cum  thorace,  abdomini  cum  petiole 
subaequalis. 

Habitat.  Silhouette  :   Mare  aux  Cochons — Praslin  :   Cotes  d'or  Estate. 

Specimina  duo,  $$. 

Adn.  Haec  est  species  tertia  generis.  Aximopsis  morio  Ashm.  Erasiliae 
pertinet,  tricolor  Gir.  Queenslandiae. 

SuBFAM.  EUCHARIDINAE. 

Gen.  Stilbula  Spinola. 

19.  Stilbula  lissoma,  sp,  n. 

Mas.  Capite  thoraceque  viridibus,  pro  parte  auratis  vel  cyanescentibus  vel 
etiam  purpureis  ;  oculis  ocellisque  castaneis  ;  antennis  obscure  luteis,  funiculi 
nodis  pilisque  nigricantibus  ;  coxis,  alarum  nervis.  petiolo  abdomineque  brun- 
neis  ;    pedibus  palhde  stramineis  ;    proalis  flavo-griseis. 

Facies  inter  clypeum  et  antennarum  insertionem  obtuse  angulata,  clypeo 
plerumque  transverse  at  parce  striguloso.  Antennae  corpori  toto  aequilongae, 
scapo  latitudine  sua  parum  longiore,  quam  articulo  prime  funiculi  conspicue 
crassiore  et  1/4  diametri  orbitalis  maioris  aequante  ;  annello  quam  scape  plus 
dimidio  breviore  ;  articulis  decem  huic  sequentibus  valde  elongatis,  tenuibus 
et  nodis  apicahbus  in  dorso  magis  prominulis,  superficie  tota  hirta,  piHs  articu- 
lorum  diametro  aequilongis,  sed  hand  confertis  ;  articulo  prime  funiculi  quam 
scapo  cj[uintuplo  longiore  et  latitudine  1/9  longitudinis  suae  aequante  ;  articulo 
secundo  quam  prime  breviore  proportione  3  :  4,  ultimo  proportione  4  :  7. 

Scapulae  in  dimidio  interiore  callosae,  id  est  laeves  atque  nitidae  punctisque 
nennuUis  tantum  impressae. 

Petiolus   quam   abdomen   hand   longior,   distantiam   ab   angulo   anteriore 


142  NOVITATES    ZOOLOGICAE,  XXIV.     1917. 

pronoti  ad  basim  processi  scutellaris  longitudine  aequans,  propter  tenuitatem 
magis  elongatus  apparens.     Long.  3-4  mm. 

Femina  diffcrt  funiculo  longitudinem  dorsi  fere  aeqiiante.  artieulis  quam 
scape  baud  crassioribus  et  basi  fortiter  constrictis,  a  latere  inspeetis  angulo 
apicali  superiore  magis  quam  inferiore  prominente ;  articulo  primo  quadruplam 
scapi  longitudinem,  secundo  duplam  longitudinem  aequante  ;  clava  parum 
longiore  quam  latiore.  scapo  aequilonga  ;  petiolo  longitudinem  metanoti  et 
dorselli  paullo  superante,  quam  thorace,  itemque  abdomine,  dimidio  breviore. 

Habitat.  "  Silhouette  :  from  Mare  aux  Cochons,  about  1,000  ft..  1  o — Mahe  : 
2  9  from  forest  of  the  endemic  '  Bois-de-Fer  '  ( Valeria  seychellanim)  in  the  Mare 
aux  Cochons  district  at  an  elevation  of  over  1,500  ft.,  and  1  ?  from  Cascade 
Estate  at  about  800  ft." 

Specimina  quatuor. 

Adn.  Stilbulae  insularis  Cam.*  typum  in  Egmont  Atoll  (Insulis  Chagos) 
collectum  examinavi,  quod  specimen  est  masculinum  flagellis  carens,  non  eis 
coloribus  vero  ornatum  quos  in  descriptione  auctor  indicavit,  ab  illis  Stilbulae 
nunc  descriptae  etiam  differentibus.  Cameronis  species  a  seychellensi  strigis 
tota  parte  inferiore  faciei  extensis,  dorso  minus  regulariter  insculpto,  callo 
humerali  nullo,  alls  et  petiolo  nonnihil  brevioribus,  distinguitur. 


SUBFAM.  ENCYRTINAE. 

Gex.  Eucomys  Forster. 

20.  Eucomys  infelix  Embleton,  et  var.  albiscapus  n.  v.  (figs.  15-17). 

Comys  infelix.  Embleton,  Tr.  Enl.  Soc.  London,  ii.  1902.  pp.  219-229. 

Camya  infelix:,  Embleton,  Tr.  Linn.  Soc.  London,  v.   1904.  pp.  231-254,  PI.  11,  12  (<?$). 

Hanc  Eucomydem  Embleton  in  Anglia,  prope  Cambridge,  primum  invenit, 
Lecanii  hemisphaerici  var.  filicum  parasitam,  deque  eius  forma,  anatomica 
structura  et  biologia  pertractavit.  Species  similis  est  Ericomydi  bicolori  How., 
et  forsan  etiam  Eucomydi  lecaniorum  Mayri,  nee  non  speciebus  nonnullis  Au- 
straliae  a  Girault  descriptis.  Ego  exemplaria  plurima  huic  specie!  pertinentia 
observavi.  cjuae  sunt  : 

1.  exemplar  Musci  Zoologici  Cantabrigiensis,  nomine  manu  doctoris  Sharp 
scripto,  in  Cambridge  collectum,  cum  auctoris  prima  descriptione  (I.e.,  1902, 
p.  223)  bene  conveniens,  quod  quasi  cotypus  haberi  potest  ; 

2.  exemplaria  nonnulla  in  Insulis  Seychellensibus  coUecta,  a  praecedente 
hand  differentia  ; 

3.  exemplaria  plurima  sej'chellensia  antennae  coloribus  praecipue  diversa, 
varietati  novae  attribuenda  ; 

4.  exemplaria  huius  varietatis  in  Italia  prope  Genuam  inventa  ; 

5.  exemplaria  nonnulla  ex  Insulis  Sej'chellensibus,  inter  formam  typicam 
et  varietatem  intermedia. 

Forma  typica,  5- 

Mihi  ex  paucis  excmphuibus  nota,  forsan  colore  varians  sicut  var.  albiscapus, 
qua  de  re  huius  descriptio  conferatur.  Genarum  setae  pilique  in  parte  posteriors 
■axiUarum  prope  scutelli  suturam.  pauci  sunt  vel  nulli,  qucd  etiam  in  varietate 

•  Trans.  Linn.  Soc.  London,  xii.   1907.  p.  85. 


NOVITATES    ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV.    1917. 


143 


occurrit.  Formae  typicae  eharacteres  praecipui  hi  sunt  :  .scapus  stramineu.«, 
margine  posteriore  apice  tantum  brunneo  maculate  ;  flagellum  ochraceo-aeru- 
ginosum  at  funiculi  articulo  quinto  ad  apicem,  sexto  et  clava  totis,  nigris.  Femur 
medium  albidum,  apice  superne  macula  brunnea,  inferne  .semper  macula  flavo- 
ochracea,  notatum.  Tibia  media  ad  basim  et  pulvillu.s  tar.^alis  brunnei,  reliquum 
tibiae,  calcar  et  tarsus  luteo-aerugino.sa. 

Var.  albiscapus,  ?. 

Capite  thoraceque  fere  toto  luteo-aeruginosis,  at  capite  saepe  ncnnihil 
obscuriore,  dorso  nitore  quodam  subaureo  ;  abdomine  nigro-brunneo,  viclaceo 
nitente,  inferne  .saepius  aeneo  ;  antennae  radicula  flavo-brunnea,  scapo  albo, 
supra  fusco-limbato,  infra  ad  basim  macula  parva  brunnea  notato,  flagello, 
item  atque  oculis  ocellisque,  nigro-brunneis  ;  carina  genarum  nigra,  setis  con- 
coloribus  ;  prcnoto  partim,  sed  praecipue  in  eius  angulis  inferc-posterioribus, 
et  proi)ectore,  infuscatis ;  mesonoti  parte  praeaxiUari  antice  nigro-limbata, 
disco  vel  dimidio  posteriore  macula  fusca,  latera  non  attingente,  pilisque  aibis, 
ornatis  ;  pilis  etiam  albis  sed  plerumque  raris  in  margine  posteriore  axillarum 
nee  non  super  scutellum  prope  suturam  ;  nonnullis  in  scutelii  disco  flavis,  sericeis  ; 
aliis  in  reliquis  partibus  dorsi  nigris  ;  axillulis  etiam  nigris  ;  mesopleura  ochracea 
vel  obscure  lutea,  interdum  rosea,  scilicet  nitore  palbde  purpureo,  rare  violacea  ; 
coxa  antica  et  postica  albis,  media  brunnea  ;  femoribu.s  anterioribus  albidis 
supra  et  infra  fusco-limbatis,  femore  medio  interdum  superne  macula  apicali 
brunnea  notato  ;  femore  postico  flavescenti-brunneo,  margine  dorsali  obscuriore  ; 
tibia  antica  femori  postico  concolore,  intermedia  usque  ad  dimidium  longi- 
tudinis  grisescenti-brunnea,  reliquo  flavida  vel  albida  ;  postica  tota  brunnea  ; 
tarso  antico  obscuro,  medio  tibiae  apici  concolore,  postico  albo,  excepto  dimidio 
basali  articuli  primi  ac  pulvillo  ;  proalis  in  parte  dimidia  exteriore  cellulae 
basalis  fere  tota,  itemque  spatio  ultra  praestigma  infuscatis,  apicem  versus 
tamen  pallidioribus,  fascia  nervorum  apices  tangente  hyalina,  setis  spiniformibus 
cellulae  costalis  et  prope  nervum  basalem  nigris,  subcosta  nervisque  marginali, 
postmarginali  ac  stigmatico  flavo-brunneis,  praestigniate  fere  hyalino. 

Capitis  forma  subhemisphaerica,  fere  lenticularis,  dimidio  superiore  cras- 
siusculo  ;  margo  occipitalis  acute  limbatus  antice 
inspectus  aream  ocellarem  superans  ;  faciei  pars 
dimidia  inferior  depressa,  a  superiore,  sive  fronte, 
margine  sinuoso  separata,  qui  super  antennanmi 
insertiones  utrinque  inferius  vergens,  oculum 
prope  imam  orbitam  attingit  ;  genae  sat  fortiter 
curvatae,  dc  latere  inspectae  carinatae,  carina 
longe  nigro-setosa  superne  retrorsum  flexa  et 
certo  spatio  pone  orbitam  producta,  ab  hac  sulco 
conspicuo  separata  ;  vertex,  in  specimine  exsic- 
cato,  1/3  capitis  latitudinis  superans,  ocellis  an- 
gulum  obtusum  formantibus,  margine  occipital! 
ab  area  ocellari  tota  spatio  depresso  separate, 
hac  autem  inter  ocellos  posteriores  linea  convexa 
limitata.  Superficies  fere  tota  sulcato-reticulata, 
areolis  transversis,  super  verticem  atque  frontem  punctis  sat  conspicuis  sparsim 
impressa ;  genae  pone  carinam  conspicue  reticulatae  areolis  longitudinaUter 
clongatis,  excavatis. 


Fig.   15. — Eucomys  in/etix,  var. 
albiscapus,  9. 

1,  Caput  antioe  visum  (x  30);  2,  raaziUa, 
siue  cardinp  (x  58);  3,  mandibula  (x  68); 
4,  eadcm  Ue  latere,  sursum  reveraa. 


144 


NOVITATES    ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV.     1917. 


Fig.  16. — Bucomys  infelix,  var.  albiacapus,  ?. 

Antenna  ( x  Go). 


Mandibiilae  fortiter  curvatae,  postice  laminato-prcductac,  margiiie  apicali 
inermi,  rotundato  ;  maxillarum  lacinia  .spinis  sex  instiucta,  palpi  articulis  1.-3. 
subaequalibus,  quarto  duplo  longiore. 

Pedicellus  1/3  scapi  longitudinis  paullum  superans,  latitudine  sua  duplo 

longior;  funiculi  articuli  valde 
eompressi,  pilis  mediocribus  hirti, 
articulatione  lateri  ventrali  magis 
propinqua,  primus  pedicello  fere 
aequilongus  et  vix  latior,  sequentes 
gradatim  breviores  atque  latiores, 
ultinius  longitudine  sua  sesquilatior, 
fere  duplam  primi  latitudinem  et 
3/4  Indus  longitudinis  attingens. 
Clava  item  atque  articuli  praece- 
dentes  conipressa,  breviter  elliptica, 
apice  minus  cun'ato,  quam  praeclava  vix  latior,  articulo  basali  quam  reliquis 
aequalibus  nonnihU  longiore. 

Thorax  brevis.     Mesopleura  minute  et  callus  grosse,  conspicue.  rcticulati. 
Praestigma  longum,  ab  humero  late  separatum  ;    nervus  marginalis  latitu- 
dine   sua   baud  longior,   postmarginalis   ac 
stigmaticus  aequales,  hie  basi  et  apice  magis 
curvatus. 

Long,  media,  1,6  mm. 
Habitat.      Silhouette,     Mahe,    passim  : 
"  from  cultivated  places  near  sea-level,  and 
from  some  of  the  highest  endemic  forests." 
Etiam  in  Italia  (Liguria). 
Specimina  plurima. 

Adn.  Huius  speeiei  marcm  non  vidi. 
Eum  rare  occurrere  Embleton  affirmat  (I.e.  1904.  pp.  234  et  250)  :  "...  dis- 
proportion of  the  sexes  in  Comys  infelix  is  very  great,  perhaps  a  thousand 
females  to  one  male."  Is  colore  est  nigro,  pedibus  albo-pictis,  antennis  etiam 
totis  nigris,  pilis  concoloribus,  alis  immaculatis,  iridaceis. 

Gen.  Leptomastix  Forster. 

21.  Leptomastix  histrio  Mayr  (?)• 

Verh.  zool.  hot.  Gee.  Wien,  xxv.  1875.  p.  729. 

Exemplaria  duo,  apud  Mahe,  in  Anonyme  Island  collecta,  cum  Mayri  de- 
scriptione  italicae  Leptomasticis  histrionis  satis  congruentia,  his  notis  tantum 
differre  videntur  :  clava  paullum  breviore,  quam  praeclava  baud  magis  quam 
sesquilongiore  ;  scutello  nee  minute  rugoso,  nee  sculptura  a  parte  pracaxillari 
mesonoti  diverse,  subtiliter  reticulato ;  pronoto  et  mesopleura  baud  nigro- 
pictis ;  tarsis  posterioribus  minori  spatio  obscuratis  ;  vertice  tantum,  nee 
mesonoti  disco,  aurantiacis.  An  exemplaria  haec  seychellcnsia  iUi  speeiei 
pertineant,  dijudicari  non  potest  sine  typi  comparatione.  Mentionem  Mayr 
non  facit  de  maculis  fuscis  areae  ocellaris,  quae  in  exemplaribus  ita  sunt  dis- 
positae  :  una  oceUum  anteriorem  posteriori  sinistro  adjungens,  duo  aliae  minores 
ocellis  posterioribus,  potius  ad  sinistram  partem,  contiguae. 


Fig.   17. — Eucwnys  infelix,  var. 
albiscapua,  9* 

Proalae  pars  (x  30). 


NoriTATES    ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV.     1917. 


145 


Gen.  Philoponectroma  Brethes. 
22.  Philoponectroma  incongruens,  sp.  n.  (fig.   18). 

Femina.  Nigra,  ocuiis  ob.scure  rubris,  ocellis  brunneis,  antennis  scapo  et 
flagello  flavis,  vel  hoc  griseo  et  scapo  tantum  flavo,  radicula  piUsque  nigris  ; 
femoribus  anticis  ac  posticis  in  parte  tertia  apicali,  intermediis  apice,  tibiis 
omnibus  tarsisque  mediis  praeter  articulum  quintum,  flavis,  ceteris  pedum  par- 
tibus  brunneis  ;    alarum  nervis  griseis  ;    pilis  capitis  ac  dorsi  albis. 

Caput  sublenticulare,  haud  thorace  latius,  vix  transversum,  latitudinis 
proportione  ad  longitudinem  sicut  8  :  7,  vertice  3/5  latitudinis  aequante  ;  de 
latere  inspectum  longitudine  duplam  latitudinem  aequans,  facie  aequaliter  cur- 
vata,  fronte  atque  vertice  haud  separatis  ;  hoc  antrorsum  fortiter  declivi,  margine 
occipitali  subacuto.  Ocelli  in  angulum  parum  obtusum  dispositi,  externi  ab 
orbitis  spatio  remoti  quam  ipsorum  diametro  fere  duplo  maiore,  a  margine 
occipitali  spatio  diametrum  vix  superante.  Oculi  glabri,  de  latere  inspecti 
elliptici,  diametro  longitudinali  quam  transverso  sesquOongiore.  Linea  ocularis 
inferior  paullum  infra  medium  faciei  ;  genae  sat  fortiter  curvatae  et  compresso- 
acutae  ;  clypeus  angustus  margine  externo  concavo,  labrum  elUpticum  non 
obtegens  ;  mandibulae  bidentatae.  Facies  inter  antennarum  insertiones  vix 
elevata,  haud  carinata,  scrobibus  nullis,  infra  ocellum  anteriorem  fovea  parva 
impressa,  spatio  interorbitali  quam  vertice  haud  latiore,  2/3  capitis  latitudinis 
aequante.  Superficies  capitis  pilis  longis,  haud  crebrLs,  spar.se  ornata,  sculptura 
minutissime  granulosa,  quum  fortiter  vitro  aucta  eonfertim  sulcato-reticulata, 
foveolis  rotundatis  sat  magnis,  haud  profunde  excavatis,  super  verticem  ac 
frontem  triseriatis. 

Antennae  in  linea  oculari  insertae,  radicula  tenui,  elongata,  1/3  scapi 
aequante  ;  hoc  subfusiformi,  leni- 
ter  compresso,  latitudine  ad  2/3 
longitudinis  maxima  ;  flagello 
filiformi,  longissimo,  abdominis 
apicem  superante  pilisque  in- 
structo  articulorum  latitudine 
paullum  maioribus.  aequaliter 
distributis  ;  pedicello  parvo,  coni- 
co,  vix  longiore  quam  latiore, 
funiculi  articuUs  bene  discretis, 
omnibus  crassitie  aequalibus, 
primo  latitudine  1/6  longitudinis 
aequante,  reliquis  gradatim  bre- 
vioribus,  sexto  quam  primo  proportione  10:  17  breviore ;  clava  indivi.sa,  quam 
articulo  praecedente  fere  duplo  longiore  et  primo  subaequah. 

Mesothoracis  pars  praeaxillaris  brevis,  transversa,  latitudine  triplam 
longitudinem  aequans,  quam  scutellum  dimidio  brevior,  sculptura  item  atque 
capitis  reticulata,  foveolis  rotundatis  piliferis  sparsis,  sulcis  autem  reticulum 
formantibus  fortiter  sinuatis.  Axillae  conniventes,  sculptura  magis  minuta, 
minus  fortiter  impressa.  Scutellum  scuto  longius,  triangulare  aequilaterum, 
foveolis  rotundatis  carens,  areolis  reticuli  quam  in  scuto  haud  maioribus  et 
secundum  lineas  reetas  longitudinales  in  superficie  fere  tota  dispositis.     Meso- 

10 


Fio,   18. — Philoponectroma  incongruens,  $. 

1,  antenun;  2,  proala ;  (x  30.     Areae  specuiares  sunt  piinctis 
circiimscriptiie). 


146  XOVITATES    ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV.     1917 

pleura  reticulata,  areolis  quam  clorsi  minutioribus.     Tcgulae  subtiliter  strigv.- 
losae.     Metathoracis  spiracula  reniformia.     Fili  capitis  et  dorsi  aequales. 

Pi'oalae  ciliatae,  cellula  costali  angusta,  nervo  marginali  latitudine  sua 
magis  quam  duplo  longiore,  stigmatico  quam  hoc  sesquiloiigiore,  postmargiiiali 
incerte  limitato.  versixs  apicem  attenuato.  maiginalem  Icngitudine  baud  supe- 
rante ;  speculo  quam  nervi  stigmatici  longitudinc  baud  latiore,  ad  medium 
latitudinis  alae  terminato  ;  areola  prope  radiculam  aliaque  inter  speculum  et 
marginem  posticum  glabris.  Alae  metathoracis  cellula  costali  usque  ad  hair.ulcs 
extensa. 

Calcar  tibiae  mediae  metatarso  paullum  brevius,  tibiae  pcsticae  dimidio 
brevius. 

Abdomen  thoraci  aequilongum,  fortiter  eurvato-depressum,  triangulare. 
apice  truncate,  lateribus  rectis,  tergito  penultimo  medium  fere  attirgcnte, 
spiraculis  basi  fere  contiguis,  valvula  vcntrali  spatio  1/3  latitudinis  lasalisi 
aequante  prominula,  superficie  perspicue  at  minute  reticulata. 

Long.  1,5  mm. 

Mas.  Differt  scapi  latere  inferiore  pallide  griseo.  latere  superiore  cum 
flageUo  toto  brunneis,  pilis  articuloruni  griseis  ;  tegulis,  prothoracis  lateribus 
et  mesopleuris  ochraceo-rufis  ;  pedibus  pallide  flavo-griseis,  intermediis  tarso 
praeter  articulum  basale  fulvescente,  posticis  fcmoris  dorso,  tibia  fere  tota 
tarsoque  infuscatis  ;  pedicello  etiam  breviore.  funiculi  articulo  primo  magis 
elongate  et  quam  sexto  duplo  longiore,  flagelli  pilis  dimidiam  articuloruni 
longitudinem  attingentibus. 

Habitat.  Mahc  :  "country  above  Port  Glaud,  500-1,000  ft.;  Mare  aux 
Cochons  district,   1.000-2,000  ft."  (specimina  ?$)  ;    Cascade  E.state  (<?). 

Specimina  quatuor. 

Adn.  Haec  species  propter  antennarum  structuram  et  prcalae  setaium 
dispositionem,  nee  non  habitum,  cum  Philoponedromate  'pectinato  Bretb.  in  uno 
eodemque  genere  convcnire  videtur,  ab  eo  tamen  differt  oculis  glabris,  antenni.s 
longioribus,  scuto  longitudinem  scutelli  baud  superante,  abdcmine  magis  elongato. 


Gen.  Zeteticontus  Silvestri. 
23.  Zeteticontus  xanthopus,  sp.  n. 

Mas.  Capite,  metanoto  abdomineque  nigro-aeneis,  dorso  ante  scuteUum 
obscure  cj'aneo-viridi,  scutello  olivaceo,  rubro  et  aureo  nitente,  anteniii.-'  pedi- 
busque  praeter  coxas  ochraceis,  proalis  Icniter  infumatis.  nervis  bnuineis  ; 
genis  interdum  cyanescentibus,  antennarum  radicula  pilisque  nigris,  coxis 
anticis  in  dimidio  apicali  plus  minus  ochraceis,  tarsis  anticis  atque  pcsticis 
infuscatis. 

Vertex  dimidiam  capitis  latitudinem  cccupans,  pilis  longiusculis  .'-parse 
ornatus,  margine  cccipitali  acuto,  sculptura  item  atcjue  frcntis  minutissime 
reticulata,  foveolis  impressis  rotundatis,  biseriatis,  externis  margini  oculorum 
contiguis  seriem  fonnantibus  ad  argulum  inferiortm  crbitae  desincnfem.  Ocelli 
in  triangulum  fere  aequilaterum  dispositi,  externi  ab  cculis  spatio  renioti  quam 
eorum  diametro  dimidio  breviore.  Oculi  ele  latere  inspecti  margine  infero- 
posteriore  minus  curvato,  superficie  pilis  tenuibus,  longiusculis,  hand  crebris 
instructa.      Clypeus  recte  marginatus.      Labrura  margine  etiam  recto.      Man- 


NOTITATES   ZOOLOGICAE   XXIV.    1917.  147 

dibulae  longae,  fortiter  curvatae.     Scrobes  antennales  semicirculum  formantes 
inferne  orbitis  fere  contiguum. 

Antennae  mox  infra  lineam  ocuJarem  insertae,  ab  hac  multo  minus  qiiam 
a  clypeo  remotae,  carina  obtiisa  separatae,  pilosulae,  scapo  brevi  .subfusiformi, 
tlagello  quam  thorace  aliquantulum  longiore,  pedicello  aeque  longo  atque  lato, 
funiculi  articulis  crassis,  iuncturis  lateri  ventrali  inagis  propinquis,  articulo 
prinio  longitudine  duplam  latitudinem  vix  superante,  quam  pedicello  fere  dupio 
et  dimidio  longiore,  sequentibus  gradatim  paullum  brevioribus,  vix  angustioribus, 
ultimo  4/5  longitudinis  primi  aequante,  quam  clava  sesquibreviore,  huiusque 
articulo  basali  aequilongo,  latitudine  etiam  aequali. 

Pronotum  et  pars  praeaxillaris  mesonoti  sculptura  reticulata  minuta,  pilis 
ordine  dispositis,  longiusculis,  quam  scutelli  tamen  brevioribus.  Axillae  baud 
conniventes,  sculptura  etiam  reticulata,  sed  minus  conspicua,  quae  versus 
angulum  internum  lineis  transversalibus  confertissimis  tantum  constat. 
Scutellum  superficie  laevi,  nitida,  pilis  paucis  longis  instructum.  longitudine  et 
latitudine  aequali,  quam  scutum  proportione  5/4  longius,  apice  late  rotundatum, 
transverse  fortiter  cun^atum  et  secundum  lineam  longitudinalem  medianam 
tecti  instar  angulum  obtusissimum,  vix  conspicuum,  fornians. 

Proalae  cellula  costali  lata,  nerv'o  marginali  quam  latitudine  sua  triplo 
longiore,  quam  cellulae  costalis  latitudine  paullum  breviore  ;  neivo  stigmatico 
longitudinem  marginalis  vix  superante,  versus  apicem  gradatim  incrassato, 
baud  dentato,  cum  marginali  angulum  paium  obtusum  foimante  ;  nervo  post- 
marginali  dimidio  quam  marginali  breviore  ;  cellula  basali  glabra,  excepta 
setarum  serie  juxta  nervum  humeralem  decurrente,  serieque  altera  ex  puncto 
lij'alino  subcostae  usque  ad  marginem  posteriorem  oblique  disposita  et  versus 
aream  specularem  cellulam  limitante  ;  specido  magno,  lato,  extus  linea  recta 
seriei  setarum  basalium  parallela  limitato,  seric  autem  setarum  ex  angulo  neivi 
marginalis  cum  stigmatico  producta  in  duas  partes  aequali  latitudine  diviso, 
quarum  exterior  pilis  nonnullis  instructa,  aliis  non  longe  a  nervo  stigmatico 
ordine  singulo  oblicjue  dispositis,  aliis,  numero  3-4,  juxta  eundem  nervum 
uniseriatis.     Alae  metathoracis  cellula  costali  ad  hamulos  extensa. 

Abdomen  aeque  longum  atque  latum,  c^uam  scutum  duplo  longius. 

Femina  differt  antennis  ad  os  insertis,  magis  clypeo  quam  lineae  oculari 
propinquis,  scapo  longo  flavo-fusco,  flagello  nigro-brunneo  quam  thorace  aliquan- 
tulum breviore,  duplam  scapi  longitudinem  nonnihil  superante,  pilis  crebris 
quam  articulis  longioribus  instructo  ;  pedicello  latitudine  sua  longiore,  funiculi 
articulis  gradatim  crassioribus  et  brevioribus,  prime  pedicello  fere  aequilongo, 
ultimo  longitudine  primi  latiore  et  latitudine  sua  sesquibreviore  ;  clavae  articulo 
basali  quam  praeclava  parum  longiore,  secundo  parum  breviore,  apice,  quern 
articulus  tertius  totus  format,  obtuso,  rotundato,  post  mortem  immerso.  Man- 
dibulae  (item  atque  maris  ?)  elongatae,  fortiter  curvatae,  dentibus  duobus 
externis  sat  Icngis,  acutis,  interne  brevissimo. 

Long.  1,7  ram. 

Habitat.  Silhouette  :  "  endemic  forest  near  Mont  Pot-a-eau,  at  about 
1,500  ft." 

Adn.  Zeteiiconto  abili  quod  Silvestri  in  Guinea  Gallica  invenit  atque  de- 
scripsit,  unicae  generis  speciei  hucusque  notae,  species  haec  seychellensis  nunc 
annectitur,  quae  colore  viricli-aeneo,  antennis  pcdibusque  omnino  luteis,  facile 
dignosci  potest.     In  clava  maris  vestigium  suturae  articuli  tertii  recognovi,  in 


148  NOVITATES    ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV.     1917. 

feminae  autem  articulum  apicale  membrana  tantum  apicis,  quae  exsiccatione 
immergitur,  con.stare  observavi. 
Specimina  duo  cJo,  unum  ?. 

Gen.  Euryrhopalus  Howard. 

24.  Euryrhopalus  diaphoroceras,  sp.  n.  (fig.s.   19,  20). 

Femina.  Capite  obscure  viridi,  subnitido,  vertice  nigricante  :  antenni.'* 
praeter  clavam  fuscam  obscure  luteis  ;  thorace  vix  nitente  cum  pleuris  abdomi- 
nisque  basi  nigro-cyaneis  ;  abdomine  reliquo  capiti  concolore ;  coxis  et  femoribus 
nigris,  tibiis  cum  calcaribus  brunneis,  tibiarum  secundi  paris  latere  anteriore 
in  dimidio  apicali  testaceo  ;  tarsis  omnibus  rufis  ;  proalis  ad  radiculam  infuscatis, 
spatio  pone  eellulam  basalem  usque  ad  dimidium  longitudinis  castaneo-umbrato, 
linea  pallida  longitudinaU,  post  medium  duplicata,  diviso.  in  latere  exteriore 
zona  albida  arcuata  limitato  ;  subcosta  flavo-fusca,  nervis  marginal!  et  stig- 
matico  brunneis. 

Caput  magnum,  lenticulare,  postice  excavatum,  antice  visum  subtransver- 
sum,  rotundatum  ;  oculis  permagnis,  latis,  glabris  ;  vertice  angusto  1/5  capitis 
latitudinis  aequante,  postice  acute  marginato,  antrorsum  decUvi,  versus  frontem 
liaud  limitato  ;  ocellis  in  triangulum  subaequilaterum  dispositis,  extemis  oculis 
contiguis  ;  antennarum  scrobibus  recte  linearibus,  superne  convergentibus 
sed  tamen  .separatis  ;  spatio  inter  antennas  transverse  curvato,  baud  carinato  ; 
superficie  tota  reticulo  insculpta  minutissimo,  sat  fortiter  impresso,  areolis 
genarum  elongatis,  fere  linearibus  ;  foveolis  rotundis  in  parte  inferiore  faciei 
excavatis,   .secundum   lineas   tran.sversas   sat   rcgulariter  di.spositis,   in   vertice 

quadriseriatis,  seriebus  externis  orbitae 
contiguis,  internis  in  fronte  duplicatis  itaque 
series  quatuor  formantibus. 

Antennae  ad  os  insertae,  inter  lineam 
ocularem  et  marginem  oralem  aequo  spatio 
remotae  ;   scapus  in  scrobe  fere  totus  recep- 
"_\"V--\-jyrr^  tus,  longitudine    3/4   latitudinis   oculi   fere 

V^r""       ■  •  ^  aequans,    dimidio  quam   flagellum  brevior  ; 

pedicellus  latitudine  sesquilongior  ;   funiculi 

Fio.  19. — Euryrhopalus  diaphorocerus,^.  ,.      ,.  .      .  .  ,  ,        . 

i.iiaseuumcxi5);.,proaiaenervi(^4o,.         articuh     trcs     primi     parv'i,     subquadrati, 

quatuor  sequentes  conspicue  maiores,  aeque 
longi  atque  lati,  bene  discrcti,  omnes  pilis  sat  longis  ornati ;  clava  articulis 
praecedentibus  duobus  et  dimidio  aequilonga,  suturis  obliquis  divisa. 

Thorax  brevis,  altus,  gibbosus.  Scutum  margine  antico  obtuse  angulato, 
postico  leniter  arcuato,  vestigio  sulci  scapularis  nuUo.  Axillae  eosta  longi- 
tudinal! coniunctae.  Scutellum  triangulare,  aeque  longum  atque  latum,  con- 
vexum,  apice  rotundatum.  Sculptura  totius  dorsi  reticulata,  quam  capitis 
minus  fortiter  impressa,  areolis  subrotundis  iUis  capitis  plerumque  maioribus. 
in  parte  anteriore  scutelli  eonspicuis,  versus  apioem  et  super  axillas  minoribus. 
Mesopleura  minute,  confertissime,  in  longitudinem  striata.  Metapleura  reticu- 
lata. 

Proalae  nervo  marginal!  brevissimo  parum  latitudine  sua  longiore,  post- 
marginaU  fere  nullo,  stigmatico  quam  marginal!  triplo  longiore  ;  margine  apicali 
breviter  ciliato  ;    cellula  costali  lata  setisque  instructa  secundum  lineam  dis- 


NOVITATES   ZOOLOGICAE   XXIV.    1917.  149 

positis   longitudinalem    dimidium    eiii.s   apicale   dividentem    superque   nervum 
marginalem  desinentem  ;    cellula  basali  fere  tota  glabra. 

Abdomen  thorace  brevius,  depressiim,  politum.  Terebra  apice  crasso, 
fusifonni. 

Pili  hand  frequentes,  super  caput  ac  thorax  ordinati,  in  apice  scuteUi  paul- 
lum  longiores,  .super  faciem  brevissimi,  ad  marginem 
segmenti  primi  abdominalis  uniseriati. 

Long.  1,5  mm. 

Habitat.  Mahe  :   Cascade  Estate. 

Specimen  unicum. 

Adn.  Huic  generi,  Bothriothoraci  afKni,  una 
tantum  species  pertinebat,  Eu.  schwarzi  How.,  in 
Florida  capta,  a  seychellensi  praecipue  difEerens  funi- 
culi articulis  multo  brevioribus,  clava  latiore  et  funiculo 
fere  aequilonga.  Verisimile  mihi  videtur  has  species,  fiq.  20. — Buryrhopalua 
etsi    flagelli    structura    diversas,    eidem    generi   esse  diaphoroceiua,  $. 

attribuendas,  nam  in  Bothriothorace  funiculi  articulorum       ''''^"  "'TrS"  ""A"  ''""  "^ 
et  clavae  forma  ac  proportio  valde  variant. 

Gen.  Symphycus,  n. 

Species  quam  sum  descripturus,  secundum  Mayri  monographiam  Encyrto 
potius  adscribenda,  Aphyco  aifinis  est  antennarum  feminae  structura.  Ab  hoc 
autem  genere  setarum  nervorumque  in  proalis  di-positione,  nee  non  antennis 
maris  ab  illis  feminae  valde  differentibus,  facile  di.tingui  potest. 

25.  Sjnnphycus  aphycoides,  sp.  n.  (figs.  21,  22). 

Femina.  Nigra,  oculis  tegulisque  concoloribus,  capite  et  dorso  subopacis 
interdum  nigro-aeneis  ;  ocellis  et  scapo  flavo-brunneis,  funiculo  nigro,  clava 
versus  apicem  gradatim  pallidiore,  in  articulo  apicali  griseo-albida  ;  pedibus 
fere  totis  brunneis,  tibiis  fiavo-fuscis,  mediis  obscure  luteis,  tarsis  omnibus 
colore  hoc  dilutiore  et  apice  infuscato  ;  alls  leniter  fumatis,  nervis  flavo-griseis, 
marginali  et  postmarginali  quam  ceteris  obscurioribus,  stigmatico  grisescente 
pallido  ;    pilis  dorsi  griseo-fuscis,  antennarum  nigris. 

Caput  vix  thorace  latius,  longitudine  et  latitudine  subaequalibus  (pro- 
portione  100:112)  vertice  postice  marginato  1/3  fere  latitudinis  formante  ; 
ocellis  in  triangulum  aequilaterum  dispositis,  externis  ab  oculis  remotis  spatio 
ipsorum  diametro  aequali  ;  oculis  hirtis  ;  genis  orbitis  fere  aequilongis,  infra 
magis  incurvis ;  peristomio  sat  lato,  clypei  margine  leniter  convexo,  man- 
dibulis  parvis  acute  tridentatis  denteque  medio  longiore  ;  facie  immersa,  inferne 
subcarinata  ;  insertione  antennarum  labro  magis  quam  lineae  oculari  propinqua. 
Caput  de  latere  inspectum  crassum,  semiovale,  cculis  late  ovalibus,  genis 
perspicue  recte  sulcatis. 

Antennae  inter  se  magis  quam  ab  ore  distantes,  sat  longe  rigido-pilosae. 
Scapus  subfusiformi-compressus,  latere  ventrali  magis  arcuato  ;  pedicellus 
conicus,  latitudine  sesquilongior  ;  articulus  primus  funiculi  parvus  fere  aeque 
longus  atque  latus  ;  sequentes  bene  discreti,  basi  rotundati,  apice  truncati, 
gradatim  longiores  et  crassiores,  conspicue  magnitudine  crescentes  ;  articulus 
secundus  pedicello  latitudine  aequalis,  sextus  longitudine  sua  fere  duplo  latior, 
triplam  latitudinem  articuli  primi  fere  aequans,  longitudinis  pedicelli  3/4  tantum 


150 


NOVITATES   ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV.    1017. 


\\v\  V^ 

Fio.  21.^ — Symphycus  aphycoidee. 

1,  feminae  antenna  ( X  80);  "J,  maris  (X  87). 


attiiigens.     Clava  magna,  quam  funiculus  dimidio  brevior,  subcomprcssa,  apice 

truncato-rotundata,  praeclavae  latitudinem  paullo 
superans,  basi  suturisque  valde  obliquis,  pilis 
quam  funiculi  brevioribus  et  versus  apicem  cur- 
tantibus. 

Thorax  brevis,  gibbus,  dorso  pilis  subtilibus 
sat  longis  usque  ad  apicem  scutelli  ornato.  Pars 
praeaxillaris  mesonoti  desuper  inspecta  trape- 
zoidalis,  lateribus  rectis.  Axillae  baud  conni- 
ventes.  Scutellum  triangulare,  aeque  longum 
atque  latum,  apice  baud  rotundatum,  quam 
mesonotum  sesquilongius.  Scutum  sculptura  re- 
ticulata ;  areolae  axillarum  parum  minores,  baud 
elongatae,  omnes  aequales  ;  areolae  scutelli  quam 
mesonoti  et  axillarum  paullum  minores.  Meso- 
pleura  subnitida,  minute  et  subtiliter  reticulato- 
sulcata.     Metapleura  striato-rugosa. 

Proalae  magnae.  cellula  eostali  sat  lata,  nervo  marginali  ad  1/3  longitudinis 
incipiente,  fere  duple  longiore  quam  latiore,  stigmatico  huic  aequilongo,  post- 
marginali  sesquibreviore  ;  pilis  super  cellulani 
basalem  et  infra  nervum  marginalem  raris,  quam 
ceteris  multo  longioribus  ;  area  speculari  baud 
determinata.  Alae  metathoracis  cellula  eostali 
ad  hamulos  extensa. 

Pedes  intermedii  tarso  infra  rigido-setoso, 
calcari  acuminato  apicem  metatarsi  vix  attin- 
gente  ;    tibiae  posticae  calcari  parvo. 

Abdomen  cordifonne,  spiraculis  basi  propin- 
quis,  valvula  paullum  prominente. 
Long.  1  mm. 

Mas  differt  thorace  abdomineque  supra 
nitidis,  dorso  obscure  griseo-viridi,  scutello  in  dimidio  anteriore  vitta  longitu- 
dinali  cuprescenti-fusca  ;  antennis  fiavo-fuscis  baud  incrassatis.  pilis  obsciiriori- 
bus,  baud  vcrticillatis,  et  super  clavam  atque  funiculum  quam  huius  articulis 
dupio  longioribus,  pedicello  brevi,  articulis  funiculi  cylindricis  omnibus  crassitie 
aequalibus,  ultimis  latitudine  aesquilongioribus  ;  clava  inarticulata  (?)  quam 
praeclava  fere  dujjlo  longiore  ;  oculis  de  latere  inspectis  latioribus,  subrotundis  ; 
mesopleurae  sculptura  magis  obsoleta,  vix  conspicua  ;  nervo  stigmatico  ncnnihil 
longiore  ;  abdomine  elongate  triangulari,  quam  thorace  paullum  breviore. 
Long.  1,25  mm. 

Habitat.  Silhouette  :     Mare   aux   Cochcns.— JIahe  :   Cascade  Estate.     "  At 
about    1,00(1   ft." 

Specimina  tria  $9,  unum  S- 


Fig.  22. — Symphycus  aphycoides,  $. 
1.  proala  (X  3U) ;  2,  eiusdem  nervi(x  9C). 


Gen.  Blastothrix  Mayr. 
26.  Blastothrix,  sp.  (fig.  23). 
Femina.  Capite  aurantiaco,  mesonoti  parte  praeaxUlari,  axillis  et  scutello 
aeruginosis,  vel  interdum  leniter  infuscatis,  vel  capiti  concoloribus,  mcsopleuris 


NOVITATES   ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV.    1917.  151 

ochraceis,  abdomine  brunneo,  pedibus  albidis  ;  oculis,  ocellis,  antennanim 
radicula,  scapo,  excepto  annulo  articulari  et  macula  lateris  anterioris  ad  basim 
fasciaque  arcnata  ad  apicem,  pedicello  non  ultra  2/3  eius  longitudinis,  et  funiculi 
articulo  primo  toto,  nigris,  reliquis  antennae  partibus  pilisque  omnibus  albis  ; 
pronoto  praeter  humeros  flavescentes,  mesonoti  margine  anteriore,  axillarum 
suturis,  linea  media  scutelli  usque  ad  dimidium  longitudinis.  nee  non  metanoto, 
etiam  nigris  ;  pilis  dorsi  albis  ;  sutura  freni  inconspicua  interdum  maculi.s 
fumatis  indicata  ;  tegulis,  axUlulis  et  alarum  nervis  brunnec-griseis  ;  meta- 
pleuris  abdominisque  basis  lateribus  brunneo-Iuteis  ;  margine  femorum  superiore, 
tibiarum   exteriore,   fusco-lineatis.   tibiarum   basi   extus  fusco-maculata.   tarsis 

apice  brunneis  ;    alis  leniter  fumatis. 

Habitus  sicut  in  figuris  Bl.  subproximae  8ilvestri  {Boll.  Labor.  Zool.  gen. 

c  agr.  Portici,  ix.  1915.  p.  346.  figs.  vii.  viii.). 

Vertex    1/3   capitis   latitudinis   oecupan.s    (in    uno   spccimine   proportione 
10  :  28,5,     in  alio    10  :  29,5).     Ocelli     triangulum     subaequilaterum   formantes. 

posteriores  ab  oculis  remoti  spatio  eorum  diametrum  nonnihil  superante.     Scapus 

valde  laminato-compressus,  dupio  longior 

quam  latior,  latitudine  maxima  ad  niediam 

longitudinem.  latere  ventrali  fortiter  cur-         CTJ  ^..X-i^--^ 

vato  :   pedicellus  latitudine  scapi  paullum 

brevior ;     funiculi     articuli     aequilongi, 

ultimus     pedicello     baud,     primus     vix 

angustior ;    clava   articulos   praecedentes 

duos  et  dimidium   longitudine    aequans, 

i„  +  ;+„  1-  ,,     ,.    .  Fig.  23. — Blaatolhrix  sp.,  2. 

latitudine     parum    superans.       Verticis, 

^  Antenna  (x  5S). 

mesopleurae  abdominisque  sculptura,  nisi 

magis    quam    100   diam.    magnificata,    inconspicua,    confertissime   punctulata, 

abdominis  foveolis  paullum   elongatis  ;    sculptura  dorsi  etiam   magis   minuta. 

Nervus    postmarginalis   et   stigmaticus   aequilongi.    quam   marginalis  nonnihil 

longiores. 

Long.  1,15-1,18  mm. 

Habitat.  Mahe  :  "  found  near  Morne  Blanc  and  at  Cascade  Estate,  but  only 
in  dense  beds  of  the  introduced  fern  Gleichenia  dichotoma."  * 

Specimina  sex. 

Adn.  Blastothrix  insolitus  How.  (Chalcididae  of  the  Isle  of  Grenada  :  Journ. 
Linn.  Soc.  xxvi.  1898.  p.  150)  huic  speciei  colore  aliisque  characteribus  similis, 
nervo  postmarginali  brevissimo  praecipue  difierre  videtur. 

Gen.  Scotteus,  n. 

Huius  generis  femina  tantum  mihi  nota  est,  eiusque  mandibulas  et  abdominis 
tegmenta  examinare  non  potui.  Antennis  atque  proaHs  similitude  est  Bothrio- 
thoraci  oleae  et  B.  minori  Silv.,  qui  tamen  a  typicis  BothriotJioracibus  satis  differunt. 
Characteres  qui  praecipui  videntur.  hi  sunt  :  caput  crassum,  transverse  ellipti- 
cum,    scrobibus   confluentibus,   profundis.  vertice   angusto.  sparsim   punetato ; 

*  Dense  patches  of  this  fern  are  numerous  in  the  mountain-forests  of  the  Seychelles.  Another 
insect  found  exclusively,  and  in  large  numbers,  in  them,  was  Semidalia  aJTicana  Enderlein,  the 
only  Coniopterygid  found  in  the  Seychelles  (see  Trans.  Linn.  Soc.  xiv.  1910.  pp.  28,  57).— HuQH 
Soorr. 


152 


NOVITATES    ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV.    IfllT. 


thorax  brevis,  sciitello  longitxidine  latius,  setis  paiicis  sparsis  instnicto,  in  disco 
et  basi  confertissimc  piinctato,  reliqua  superficie  lacvi.  nitida  ;  abdomen  lati- 
tudine  brevius,  etiam  seniicirculare  ;  femora  subcompressa,  curvata  ;  tibiae 
apice  latae. 

Clarissimo  viro  Hugh  Scott  hoc  genus  dicatur. 


27.  Scotteus  ochroleucus,  sp.  n.  (fig.  24). 

Femina.  Capite  viridi,  aureo-nitente,  ad  marginem .oralem  ob.scure  cjaneo, 
oculis,  ocellis,  .scapo  et  pedicello  nigro-biunneis,  hoc  apice.  itemque  iuuiculi 
articulis,  brunneis,  clava  pallide  flavo-grisca  ;  corpore  pcdibusque  maxima 
parte  flavo-ochracei.'!,  coxis  et  femoribus  postiei.s  abdcmineque  ad  brunntum 
colorem  vergentibus,  mesonoti  parte  praeaxiUari  nitore  subviridi.  metallico, 
scutelli  partibus  in.sculpti.s,  id  est  basi  et  disco,  aeneis,  reliquis  politis  aureo  vel 
purpureo  nitentibus. 

Caput  latitudine  metathoraccm  vix  superans,  antice  inspcctum  transverse 
ellipticum,  diametro  minore  3/4  maioris,  vertice  argusto  1/4,  aequantibus  ; 
oculis  magnis  baud  prominulis.  pubescentia  brevi  at  satis  conferta,  c-rbita  faciali 
valde  divergente  ;  linea  oculari  inferiore  2/5  capitis  Inngitudinis  ab  ere  remcta  ; 
torulis  superne  banc  lineam  tangentibus,  inferne  inter  cam  et  marginem  oralem 
aeque  remotis  ;  scrobibus  profunde  excavatis,  extus  marginatis  atque  orbitis 
fere  contiguis,  superne  confluentibus  et  arcum  formantibus  ultra  mediam  orbi- 
tarum  altitudinem  verticem  fere  attingentem  ;  area  triangulari  scrcbibus  inter- 
posita  elevata.  Ocelli  in  triangulum  subaequilaterum  dispositi,  posteriores 
oculos  tangentes,  a  margine  occipitali  acuto  spatio  eorum  diametro  aequali, 

inter  sese  spatio  duplo  remoti.  Caput  do 
latere  visum  subtriangulare,  latum,  genis 
vix  obtuse  carinatis,  conspicue  sulcatis  et 
reticulo  minuto  inscidptis,  areolis  angustis 
elongatis,  ita  ut  eae  striatae  appareant. 
Reliqua  capitis  superficip.s  nitida.  minute 
ac  fere  inconspicue  reticulato-sulcata  ; 
vertex  etiam  punctis  sparsis,  in  linea 
transversa  4-5,  impressus ;  fovea  anten- 
nalis  reticulo  fortius  insculpto. 

Scapus  scrobem  superans,  compresso- 
claviformis,  in  dimidio  apicali  lateris  ven- 
tralis  carinatus,  apice  tamen  constrictus ; 
pedicellus  duplo  longior  quam  apice  latior, 
1/3  scapi  et  articulos  duos  sequentes  longi- 
tudine  aequans  ;  funiculi  articuli  sensim, 
at  modice,  maiores,  subquadrati ;  clava 
dimidiam  longitudinem  funiculi  cum  pedi- 
cello aequans,  conipressa,  cjuani  ])raeelava 
fere  duplo  latior,  in  dimidio  apicaH  lateris 
ventralis  oblique  truncata,  margine  articuli  secundi  pauUum  pone  medium 
longitudinis  cblique  disposito,  curvato. 

Thorax  latus  ;   pronoto  brevissimo  ;   mescnoti  parte  praeaxiUari  longitudine 
sesquilatiorc,    minute   reticulato-sulcata   areclis   transversis,   setis   sparsis,    4-5 


Fio.  24. — Scottetia  ochroleucus,  $. 
1.  antenna  (x  45);  2,  proala  (x  45,  areas  obscuras  et 
lineam  specularem  demonstrat);    3,  eiusdem   pars   stig- 
matica  (X  85). 


NOVTTATES  ZOOLOr.ICAE  XXIV.    1917.  153 

secundum  lineam  longitudinalem  dispositis  ;  tegulis  magnis  ;  axUlis  angulo 
interiore  contiguis  ;  Kcutello  convexo,  lato,  margine  fere  semicirculari,  disco  et 
parte  basali  usque  ad  medium  lateris  posterioris  axillarum  confertissime  punctu- 
lato,  reliqua  superficie  laevi,  nitida,  setis  paucis  sparsis  ;  mesopleura  subtiliter 
reticulato-sulcata  areoHs  rhombicis.  Metanotum  haud  parvum,  planum.  Meta- 
thoracis  latitude  =  29  ;  distantia  inter  angulos  antericres  axillarum  22  ;  scutelli 
longitude  15. 

Proalae  nervo  marginali  ante  medium  sito,  punctiformi  ;  postmarginali 
brevissimo  et  stigmatico  duple  longiore  non  bene  determinatis  ;  linea  glabra 
speculari  nervum  marginalem  fere  attingente.  Alae  metathoracis  cellula  costali 
paullum  ante  medium  nervi  marginalis  terminata. 

Pedes  femoribus  compressis,  cui'vatis.  libia  media  apice  dilatato  quam 
basi  sesquilatiore,  calcari  crasso  metatarso  aequilongo  ;  hie  articulo  sequente 
duplo  longior.  libia  postica  calcari  unico  munita  eius  latitudini  apicali  aequi- 
longo. 

Abdomen  breve,  latum,  depressum,  fere  semicirculare,  terebrae  valvis  vix 
prominulis,  superficie  reticulato-sulcata.  Basis  latitude,  in  specimine  exsiccate, 
=  28,  longitude  18  ;   oviductus  prominentia  2,5. 

Long.  0,9  mm. 

Hahihit.  Mahe.  apud  Merne  Blanc. 

Specimen  uniciim. 

Gen.  Encyrtus  Dalman. 
28.  Encyrtus  ventralis,  sp.  n. 

Femina.  Faciei  dimidio  inferiore  temporibusque  viridibus,  fronte  atque 
vertice  aeneis,  punctis  nitentibus  aureis  vel  rubris  ;  eculis  nigris,  ecellis 
brunneis  ;  pronoto  nigro,  mesonete  in  parte  praeaxillari  laete  viridi  pilisque  albis 
ornate  ;  axillis  nigro-vrridibus  ;  scutelli  apice  violaceo,  parte  reliqua  abdeminis- 
que  dimidie  posteriore  obscuris,  leniter  purpureo-nitentibus ;  abdominis 
dimidio  basali  supra  et  infra  aurantiace  ;  mesopleuris  violaceis,  metapleuris 
grisee-viridibus  ;  antennis,  tegulis  et  alarum  nervis  flavo-griseis  ;  pedibus  luteis, 
coxis  tantum  basi,  tarsisque  apice,  infuscatis. 

Caput  subtransversum.  Vertex  1/4  capitis  latitudinis  occupans,  margine 
eccipitali  subacute,  ecellis  angulum  fere  rectum  fermantibus,  externis  ab  oculis 
spatie  ipsorum  diametre  vix  breviore  remotis.  Oculi  glabri.  Facies  post 
mortem  profunde  immersa,  minute  reticulata,  fronte  etiam  reticulata,  medice 
vitro  aucta  granulosa.  Sculptura  verticis  minute  granulosa  apparens,  feveelis 
nonnullis  parum  profundis,  sparsis,  quam  areolis  reticuli  vix  maieribus.  diffi- 
culter  censpiciendis.  Antennae  ad  es  insertae,  flagelle  quam  capitis  latitudine 
paullum  maiore,  funiculi  articulis  1.-3.  subaequalibus,  parvis,  longitudine 
paullum  angustieribus,  simul  sumptis  quam  pedicello  vix  longieribus  ;  articule 
4.  et  5.  quam  prime  fere  sesquilongioribus  ac  maiori  latitudine,  articulo  sexte 
quam  prime  fere  duplo  longiore  ;  clava  magna,  longitudinem  articulorum  funi- 
culi 3.-6.  aequante,  quam  praeclava  vix  latiore,  in  articulos  subaequales  divisa. 

Mesonotum  reticulatum,  areolis  aequalibus  quam  verticis  granulis  maieri- 
bus ;  axillae  haud  conniventes,  sculptura  minutissima,  vix  ccnspicienda  ; 
scutellum  nitidum,  latitudine  sua  brevius  proportione  10  :  13,  in  1/4  apicali 
laeve,  reliquo  spatie  reticulatum,  areolis  prope  axillas  illis  mesonoti  aequalibus. 


154 


NOVITATES    ZOOLOCICAE    XXIV.     lflI7. 


versus  apicem  sensim  minoribus.  Mesopleurae  reticulatae,  areolis  quam  scuti 
vix  maioribus. 

Proalae  sat  longe  ciliatae,  nervo  marginali  aeque  longo  atque  lato,  nerv^o 
stigmatico  quam  marginali  parum  longiore,  postmarginali  fere  nullo,  incerte 
terminate,  setis  super  cellulam  basalem  raris.  brevioribus,  speculo  lato,  txtus 
bene  limitato  et  secundum  lineam  mediam  setis  nonnullis  instructo. 

Abdomen  thoraci  aequilongum,   reticulatum.  aspectu  subgranuloMim. 

Long.  0.95  mm. 

Habitat.  Mahe  :    Cascade  Estate. 

Specimen  unicum. 

Gex.  Paiageniaspis,  n. 

Huic  generi  affinitas  est  Encyrto  sensu  lato,  sed  magis  Ageniaspidi. 
C'haracteres  eius  praecipui  hi  sunt  :  flagellum  crassiusculum,  forma  in  maribus 
atque  feminis  vix  diversa  ;  funiculi  articuli  sex  bene  discreti,  primus  quam 
secundus  haud  conspicue  minor,  omnes  in  mare  subquadrati  ;  clava  utriusque 
sexus  ovata.  distincte  articulata. 

29.  Parageniaspis  macrocerus,  sp.  n.  (figs.  25,  26). 

Femina.  Capite  pro  parte  ct  thoracis  lateribus  nigris,  vertice,  fronte, 
mesonoti  parte  praeaxillari  abdomineque  nigro-aeneis.  subnitidis  ;  scutello 
obscure  viridi,  metallico,  lateribus  et  apice  auratis  magis  nitentibus  ;  meta- 
pleura  interdum  his  partibus  concolore  ;  oculis  griseo-rufis,  antennis,  tegulis, 
coxis  omnibus,  femoribus  anticis  in  dimidio  basali,  posterioribus  praeter  apicem 
vel  totis,  tibiis  posticis  praeter  apicem  vel  etiam  praeter  latus  anterius, 
brunneis  ;  tarsorum  articulo  ultimo  vittaque  in  latere  anteriore  tibiae  antieae 
fuscis,  reliquis  pedum  partibus  obscure  luteis  ;  proalis  grisescentibus,  nervo 
marginali  brunneo,  stigmatico  pallido. 

Caput   vertice   haud  lato    1/3   totius  latitudinis  occupante  ;    ocellis  in  tri- 

angulum  fere  aequilaterum  dis- 
positis,  externis  spatio  ab  ocuhs 
remotis  quam  ipsorum  diametro 
dimidio  breviore  ;  oculis  sat  ma- 
gnis,  hirtis ;  genis  subrectis  his 
fere  aequilongis  ;  clypei  margine 
arcuato  ;  antennis  inter  os  et 
lineam  ocularem  insertis,  eminen- 
tia  parva  separatis. 

Flagellum  crassum,  pilis  lon- 
giusculis  usque  ad  medium  clavae 
instructum,  funiculi  articulis  et 
clava  isthmo  tenui,  brevissimo, 
coniunctis ;  pedicello  latitudine 
sua  sesquilongiore  :  articulo  primo  funiculi  quam  pedicello  breviore,  sequen- 
tibus  gradatim  latioribus,  vix  brevioribus,  sexto  longitudine  sua  paullum  latiorc  ; 
clava  divisa,  articulis  praecedentibus  duobus  ct  dimidio  aequilorga,  nonnihii 
crassiore 

Sculptura  capitis  reticulata,  minuta,  vix  conspicua,  super  verticem  et 
frontem  areolis  maioribus  constans,  punctis  piliferis  paucis  sparse  impressis. 


Fig.  25. — Parageniaspis  macrocerus. 

1,  maris;  2,  feminae  antenna;  (x  80). 


NOVITATES    ZOOLOOICAE    XXIV.     1917.  155 

Dorsum  ante  scutellum  reticiilatiini.  foveolis  piliferis  sat  magnis  sparsis  ; 
scutellum  subtriangulare,  in  longitudinem  conferte  et  subtiliter  striato-reticu- 
latum,  lateribus  et  apice  glabris  sculptura  fere  obsoleta,  reliquo  spatio  pilis 
paucis  longis  seriatis  ornatum.  Axillae  hand  conniventes,  reticulo  quam  in 
scutello  magis  minuto.  Mesopleurae  fortiter  vitro  auctae  (x  150)  scabrae, 
sculptura  baud  conspicua 

Proalae  fere  duple  quam  abdomen  longiores,  .sub  nervo  stigmatico  latissimae, 
costa  u.sque  ad  mediam  longitudinem  extensa,  nervo  marginal!  fere  triple  longiore 
quam  latiore,  stigmatico  huic  aequilongo  dente  acuto  terminate,  nervo  post- 
marginaU  incerte  limitate,  quam  marginali  baud  breviore  ;  cellula  costali  pilis 
instructa  brevissimis,  sparsis,  aliisque  in  dimidio  extericre  marginis  longis 
uni.seriatis  ;  cellula  basali  et  area  speculari  usque  ad  marginem  posticum  etiam 
longe  at  parce  pilosis  ;  margine  exteriore  pilis  baud  brevibus  ornato  quorum 
maximi  nervo  marginali  fere  aequilongi. 

Pedes  satis  elengati,  intermedii  tarso  indentato,  spini.s  tenuibus  munito 
nee  non  calcari  longitudinem  articuli  tarsalis  primi  aequante  ;  tibiae  posticae 
apice  baud  compresso-dilatatae,  calcari  parvo  instructae. 

Abdomen  subtriquetrum,  therace  vix  longius,  apice  acuto,  supeificie  reticu- 
lata, sculptura  minus  perspicua,  areolis  tamcn  quam  in  scute  maioribus. 

Long.  1,3  mm. 

Mas  differt  vertice,  fronte,  dorse  abdomineque  viridi-aeneis,  facie  inter 
antennarum  insertiones  violacea,  pedibus  nigro- 
brunneis,  genubus,  tibiis  apice,  mediis  totis,  tar-  xfy /-/•'^^y? 
sisque  omnibus  obscure  luteis,  borum  apice  fusee  ; 
funiculi  articulis  subquadratis  fere  aec[ualibus, 
sicut  in  femina  breviter  pedunculatis,  articulo  sexto 
aeque  longo  atque  late,  clava  quam  hoc  duple 
longiore,  articulis  subdiscretis,  basali  quam  praeclava 

.,  .,    ,  .  ,    ,  ...         i-      1    t  Fig.  2G.—Paragemaapis 

nonnihij   longiore  ;  sculptura  verticis  reticulata  per-  macrocerus,  <J, 

spicua  foveolis  rotundatis  magnis,  numerosis,  juxta        proaiae  pars  dimijia  basaiis  (x  es). 

oculos  fere    contigiiis  ;     mesopleura    confertim    et 

minute  striate-sulcata  :  abdomine  triangulari,  apice  truncate,  quam  in  femina 

breviore,  latitudine  paullum  longiore,  dorse  immerse,  segmentis  subaequalibus. 

Habitat.  Mahe  :   Cascade  Estate. — Silhouette  :   Mare  aux  C'ochons. 

Specimina  duo  ??,  unum  (J. 

Gex.  Geniaspidius,  n. 
Species  cuius  descripto  sequitur,  generi  novo  Ageniaspidi  aflfini  attribuenda, 
ab  ee  differt  funiculi  articuhs  in  mare  omnibus  aequilongis,  scutelli  super- 
ficie  tota  pilosa,  alae  metatheracis  cellula  cestali  nervi  marginalis  initium  attin- 
gente,  calcari  secundi  paris  pedum  quam  in  Ageniaspide  minore  ac  minus  rebusto, 
tibiis  posticis  biealearatis,  aliisque  etiam  characteribus,  qui  an  in  feminis  quoque 
occurrant  mihi  est  ignotum,  Verticis  et  frontis  sculptura m  nervique  stigma- 
tici  formam  pro  generis  characteribus  sumere  non  aestimavi. 

30.  Geniaspidius  viduus,  sp.  n.  (fig.  27). 

Mas.  Niger,  scape  concolore,  flagello,  alarum  nervis,  thoracis  abdominisque 
latere  ventrali,  pedibusque  cum  coxis  flavo-griseis,  femoribus  autem  omnibus 
et  tibiis  posticis  obscurioribus,  tibiis  mediis  interne  et  apice,  cum  tarsis,  pallidis. 


156 


NOTITATES    ZOOLOGICAE   XXIV.    1917. 


Vertex  1/3  capitis  latitudinis  occupans,  ocellis  in  triangulum  subaequi- 
laterum  dispositis,  po-sterioribus  ab  oculis  atque  margine  occipitali  spatio  eorum 
diametrum  fere  aequante  remotis.  Ociili  pubescentes,  ex  latere  inspecti  sub- 
rotundi ;  genae  sulco  .subtili  at  profundo  notatae  ;  peristomium  angustum,  clypei 
margine'  arcuato  ;     mandibulae    parvae,    tridentatae ;     facies    inter    antennas 

obtuse  carinata. 

Scapus  ad  medium  crassior  ;  pedicellus  latitudine  et  longitudine  aequalibus  ; 

articuli  sex  sequentes  omnes  bene  discreti,  subaequales,  quam  pedicellus  sesqui- 

longiores   sed    baud    crassiores ;    clava    articulis  duobus 

praecedentibus    paullum    longior,    suturis    parum    con- 

spicuis. 

Sculptura  capitis  minute  reticulata,  leniter  impressa, 
foveolis  nonnullis  in  fronte  quadriseriatis  seriebusque 
externis  orbitis  contiguis. 

Mesonoti  pars  praeaxillaris  item  que  scuteUum  in 
longitudinem  confertim  et  minutissime  striata,  pilis  sat 
magnis,  crebris,  ordine  dispositis,  instructa.  Pleurae 
minute  reticulatae. 

Proalae  magnae,  apicem  abdominis  valde  superantes, 

latitudine  longiores  proportione   2:7;    cellula  basali  in 

dimidio  interiore  fere  omnino  glabra,  in  exteriore  pilis 

nonnullis  sat  longis  ornata  ;   pubescentia  breviore,  satis 

conferta,    sub    nei-vo   marginali  incipiente,  speculo  inter 

banc  et  cellulam  basalem  incerte  limitato  ;  pilis  fimbriae 

longiusculis ;    nervo    marginali    latitudine    sua     sesqui- 

longiore,  stigmatico  quam  marginali  fere  dimidio  breviore 

denteque  parvo  ad  medium  lateris  anterioris  instnicto, 

nervo  postmarginali  quam  stigmatico  baud  longiore.      Alae  posteriores  apicem 

abdominis  vix  superantes,  cellula  costali  super  nervum  marginalem  non  elongata. 

Calcar    medium    satis    tenue,    acuminatum,    metatarsum    baud    superans. 

Tibiae  posticae  calcaribus  duobus  parvis,  subaequalibus,  munitae. 

Abdomen  thoraee    baud  longius,  basi  angustum,  elongate  triangulari,  non 
longe  a  basi  prope  spiracula  setis  instructum  eius  apicem  fere  attingentibus. 
Long.  0,9  mm. 

Habitat.  Mahe  :   Cascade  Estate. 
Specimen  unicum. 


Fio.  27. — Geniaepidiua 
viduus,  (J. 

1,  antennae  apex ;  2,  proalae 
nervi;  3,  pedis  intermedii  tibiae 
apex  cum  tarso ;  (X  80). 


Gen.  Habrolepis  Forster. 
31,  Habrolepis  aeruginosa,  sp.  n. 

Femina.  Aeruginosa,  oculis  occllisque  brunneis.  vertice  iridescente  ;  scapo, 
femoribus  tibiisque  in  latere  inferiore  nigro  lineatis  ;  calcari  medio  et  tarsorum 
apice  fuscis  ;  mesonoto  et  scutello  subnitidis,  cyaneo-micantibus  ;  proalis  fere 
totis  infumatis  at  his  partibus  hyalinis  :  fascia  sub  nervo  humerali,  area 
infra  huius  medium,  alia,  .subrotunda,  ad  angulum  alae  posteriorem,  alia  forma 
semicirculari,  apicem  occupante,  aliaque  circum  extremitatem  nervi  marginalis, 
incerte  limitata. 

Vertex  reticulatus,  punctis  setigeris  irrcgulariter  in  longitudinem  dispositis, 
in  margine  orbitali  tantum  uniseriatis  ;    spatio  inter  oculos  aeque  longo  atque 


NOVITATES    ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV.    1917.  157 

lato  ;  ocellis  angulum  obtusum  formantibus,  posterioribus  margini  occipitali 
acuto  et  orbitae  fere  contiguis.  Sviperficies  ocularis  pubescens.  Scapus  laminato- 
compressus,  marginc  inferiore  conspicue  arcuato.  (Reliquae  antcnnarum  partes 
in  specimine  desunt.)  Jlesonoti  par.s  praeaxillaris  reticulato-squamosa,  areolis 
quam  verticis  maioribus.  Axillae  et  scutellum  .sculptura  reticulata  minus 
conspicua,  in  apice  seutelli  fere  obsoleta.  .Scutellum  latitudine  sua  parum 
longius,  forma  semielliptica,  setis  nonnullis  longis,  tenuibus,  instructum.  Prcalae 
ner\'o  stigmatico  marginali  aequilongo  :  fascia  glabra  specular!  incerte  limitata, 
setis  super  cellulam  basalem  infraque  nervum  marginalem,  item  atque  in  nervis 
omnibus,  longioribus. 

Long.   1,3  mm. 

Habitat.  Silhouette  :    Mare  aux  Cochons  plateau. 

Adn.  Proalarum  maculae  fumatae  eodem  modo  sunt  in  hac  specie  dis- 
positae  quo  in  Hahrolepide  dalmanni  Westw.  et  H.  oppugnati  Silv.  Ab  his 
et  ab  Hahrolepide  zetterstedtii  Westw.  species  seychellensis,  de  qua  ampliorem 
descriptionem  facere  nequeo.  facile  distingui  potest  colore  aeruginoso.  Setas 
lamellares  in  margine  occipitali  vel  in  scuteUi  apice  non  inveni. 

Specimen  unicum. 

Gen.  Mahencyrtus,  n. 

Huius  generis  femina  non  est  reperta,  mas  ab  uno  tantum  specimine  hie 
describitur.  Generi  relatio  est  cum  Cerapterocero  et  Chilonevro.  nee  non  cum 
Diversinervo  Silv.  :  ab  hoc  autem  differt  antennis  in  linea  oculari  insertis,  meta- 
thoracis  alis  minus  latis  et  in  margine  postico  minus  curvatis,  abdomine  magis 
elongato,  segmento  basaU  minore  :  a  Chiloneuro  flagelli  pilis  non  verticiUatis, 
clavae  fere  omnibus  elongatis,  fviniculi  articulis  medio  baud  constrictis,  scuto 
pilis  argenteis  nullis,  scutello  apice  glabro  ;  a  Cerapterocero  denique  antennis 
infra  lineam  ocularem  insertis,  funiculi  articulis  valde  elongatis,  scutello  foveolis 
fere  linearibus  et  contiguis  insculpto,  baud  nitido,  nervo  marginali  et  post- 
marginali  angustioribus  ac  longioribus. 

32.  Mahencyrtus  occultans,  sp.  n.  (figs.  28,  29). 

Mas.  Capite,  mesonoti  parte  praeaxillari,  metanoto  cum  metapleuris  et 
abdominis  basi  aureo-viridibus,  nitidis  ;  abdomine  reliquo,  prothorace  axillisque 
nigro  aeneis ;  scutello  flavescenti-aeneo,  subopaco  :  mesopleuris,  tegulis  et 
oculis  nigris  ;  carina  super  clypeum  cupresccnte,  hcc  fere  nigro  ;  antennis 
obscure  luteis,  funiculi  juncturis,  pilis  et  clavae  apice  fuscis  ;  pedibus  maxima 
parte  luteis,  coxis,  femoribus  anticis  in  dimidio  basali,  mediis  brevi  spatio  in 
latere  anteriore,  posticis  praeter  basim  et  apicem  cum  tibiis  prope  basim,  nee 
non  tarsorum  omnium  apice,  etiam  fuscis  ;  alis  hyahnis,  nervis  flavo-brunneis, 
marginali  et  postmarginali  obscurioribus. 

Caput  antice  visum  rotundatum,  vertice  dimidium  latitudinis  occupante, 
oculis  magnis,  glabris,  genis  fortiter  curvatis,  clypeo  medio  recte  marginato, 
antennis  in  medio  faciei  insertis,  ab  oculis  pauUum  magis  quam  inter  se  remotis  ; 
linea  oculari  inferiore  inter  antennas  et  marginem  clypei  aequo  spatio  distante  ; 
facie  circum  antennarum  insertiones  excavata,  inter  has  elevata,  obtuse  carinata. 
Caput  de  latere  inspectum  ellipticum,  oculis  ovatis  at  postice  margine  recto, 
obliquo,  limitatis  ;  genis  haud  compresso-acutis,  sulco  perspicuo  notatis.     Vertex 


168 


NOVITATES    ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV.     1917. 


FiQ.  28. — Mahencyrtus  occultana,  q. 

Antennae  pars  (x  SO),  ex  spcoiiuine 

eKsiccato  delineata. 


postice  haud  margiuatus.  Ocelli  in  angulum  obtusum  dispositi,  externi  ab 
ocuUs  remoti  spatio  ipsorum  diametrum  aequante.  Superficies  sulcato-reticu- 
lata,  areolis  super  verticem  transversis,  foveolis  nonnullis  rotundatis  etiam  in 
dimidio  inferiore  faciei  impressis. 

Scapus  subcompresso-dilatatus,  supra  medium  latissimus,  ocellum  anteriorem 

attingens ;  flagellum  tenue,  valde  elongatum, 
longitiidinem  thoracis  cum  capite  superans,  pilis 
instructum  sparsis,  etiam  super  clavam  prae- 
clavae  aequilongis,  articulis  aequali  latitudine  ; 
pedicello  aeque  longe  atque  lato,  funiculi  articulo 
primo  fere  sesquibreviore,  clava  longitudinem 
articuli  primi  cum  pedicello  aequante,  indivisa. 

Pars  praeaxillaris  mesonoti  scutello  longior, 
reticulata,  foveolis  rotundatis  sparse  impressa  ; 
axillae  separatae,  reticido  minus  conspicuo  areo- 
lisque  minoribus  ;  scutellum  triangulare,  areolis  elongatis,  fere  linearibus  fortiter 
insculptum,  apice  tantum  sculptura  obsoleta  areoUsque  subrotundis.  Meso- 
pleura  leviter  atque  minute  reticulata,  in  dimidio  antcriore  areolis  minoribus, 
elongatis.  Metathoraeis  latera  pilis  paucis 
prope  stigma  tantum  ornata  ;  dorsum  pilis  sub- 
tilibus,  nusquam  confertis. 

Proalae  nervo  marginaii  quam  eius  latitu- 
dine duplo  longiore,  stigmatico  ac  postmar- 
ginali  liuic  subaequalibus,  cellula  basali  in 
dimidio  posteriore  pubcscente,  speculo  infra 
praestigma  bene  limitato,  antice  curvato,  infra 
nervum  marginalem  extenso.  Alae  meta- 
thoraeis elongatae,  angustae,  margine  postico 
vix  arcuato,  cellula  costali  hamulos  attingente. 
Pedes  longiuseuli,  calcari  dimidio  meta- 
tarso  aequilongo. 

Abdomen  thoraci  aequilongum,  elongate  ovale,  segmentis  5.  et  7.  longioribus, 
ultimo  in  specimine  exsiccato  ad  2/3  alae  anterioris  desinente,  omnibus  margine 
postico  valde  curvato. 
Long.  1,5  mm. 
Habitat.  Mahe. 
Specimen  unicum. 


Fig.  29. — Mahencyrtus  occultana,  <J. 

Alae  (X  37 — i)ili  in  superficie  alae  posteriori^i 
Bon  sunt  delincati). 


Genus  ?. 

Specimen  unicum,  masculinum,  cuius  descriptio  .sequitur,  notis  quibusdam 
simile  est  praecedenti,  sed  in  eodem  genere  non  convenit  fronte  fovea  magna 
non  excavata,  nervo  marginaii  longiore,  speculo  lineari,  aliisque  etiam  characteri- 
bus.     An  sit  hoc  exemplar  generi  novo  attribuendum  mihi  dubium  est. 


33.  Genus  et  sp.  ?. 

Mas.  Capite  et  dorso  cum  metapleuris  aureo-viridibus  ;  facie  infra  anten- 
narum  insertionem  usque  ad  marginem  clypei  violaceo-purpurea  ;  oculis  fere 
nigris ;    antennis   flavo-griseis,   clavae   apice,    radicula   pilisque   obscurioribus  ; 


NOVITATES    ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV.    1917.  15& 

pilis  mesonoti  albidis  ;  scutello  in  dimidio  apieali  cuprescente  ;  mesopleuris 
nigris,  leniter  violaceo-nitentibus  ;  tegulis  brunneis  ;  alarum  nervis  flavo-griseis  ; 
pedibus  cum  coxis  anticis  atqwe  pcsticis  luteis,  coxis  mediis  fere  totis  brunneis, 
tarsis  anticis  totis,  posterioribus  apice  tantum,  infuscatis  ;  abdomine  viridi- 
aeneo.  purpureo  vel  aureo  nitente. 

Caput  hemisphaericum,  antice  visum  rotundatum,  fere  aeque  longum  atque 
latum  ;  vertice  1/3  latitudinis  aequante,  antrorsum  baud  declivi,  postice  acute 
marginato,  confertim  et  minutissime  punctulato,  in  eius  parte  postica  tantum 
fere  obsolete  insculpto,  foveolis  rotundatis  paucis  ad  marginem  orbitarum 
aUisque  nonnullis  sparsis  impresso  ;  ocellis  in  triangulum  aequilaterum  dis- 
positis,  externis  fere  oculis  contiguis.  Orbitae  inferne  valde  divergentes,  genis 
parum  longiores  ;  oculorum  superficies  glabra  ;  facies  reticulata,  areolis  frontis 
minoribus,  spatio  inter  marginem  clypei  et  insertiones  antennarum  arcuatim 
striguloso,  obtuse  carinato  ;  scrobibus  profunde  excavatis,  non  ultra  dimidiam 
orbitarum  altitudinem  extensis,  medio  confiuentibus  ;  clypei  margine  concave, 
limbato  ;   labro  item  cuivato.  margine  rigide  piloso.     Mandibulae  tridentatae. 

Antennae  in  linea  oculari  insertae,  ab  ore  1/4  capitis  longitudinis  et  magis 
quam  inter  se  remotae,  longitudinem  corporis  aequantes,  flagello  quam  scapo 
quadruplo  longiore,  pedicello,  funiculi  articulis  et  clava  crassitie  aequalibus, 
pilis  saltim  pedicello  aequUongis,  aequaliter  distributis  ;  articulis  funiculi  omnibus 
annello  perspicuo  coniunctis  ;  articulo  primo  latitudine  sua  sesquilongiore  et 
pedicello  aequilongo,  secundo  duplam,  sexto  triplam  latitudincm  longitudine 
aequantibus  ;  clava  articulis  5.  et  6.  simul  sumptis  fere  aequilonga,  elongate 
ovato-acuminata,  articulis  subdiscretis,  basali  2/5  eius  longitudinis  aequante. 

Mesonoti  pars  praeaxillaris  reticulata,  pilis  satis  numerosis  ornata.  Axillae 
baud  conniventes.  areolis  quam  in  scuto  minoribus.  Areolae  scutelli  fere  lineares, 
in  longitudinem  dispositae,  prothoracis  lateris  et  mesothoracis  ante  mesopleuram 
magnae,  rhomboidales,  sulcis  limitatae  ;  in  mesopleura  fere  tola  elongatae, 
confertae,  in  longitudinem  dispositae,  in  eius  parte  supero-posteriore  subrotundae, 
in  parte  anteriore  leniter  excavatae.     Callus  pilis  nonnullis  albis  instructus. 

Proalae  sat  longe  ciliatae,  nervo  marginali  longo,  stigmatico  brevissimo, 
postmarginali  fere  nullo,  speculo  lineari  ex  nervo  stigmatico  valde  oblique 
producto. 

Calcar  tibiae  posticae  dimidium  articuli  jirimi  tarsalis  non  attingens. 

Abdomen  paullum  thorace  brevius. 

Long.  0,88  mm. 

Habitat.  Mahe  :   Cascade,  "  from  marshy  ground  near  sea-level." 

.Specimen  unicum. 


SuBFAM.  EUPELMINAE. 

Gen.  Eupelmus  Dalman. 

34.  Eupelmus  malgascius,  sp.  n. 

Feniinu.  Obscure  olivaceo-viridis,  fronte,  in  specimine,  praeter  aream  orbitae 
contiguam,  nigro-violacea,  pilis  faciei  et  dorsi  albis,  antennis  scapo  ao  pedicello 
nigro-viridibus,  submetallicis,  funiculo  et  clava  nigris  ;  abdomine  basi  superne 
cyanea,  reliquo  dorso  subaeneo  ;  pedibus  pro  maxima  parte  fulvo-ochraceis, 
coxis  anticis  atque  posticis,  femore  antico  praeter  basim  et  apicem,  postico  in 


160  XOVITATES    ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV.     1917. 

dimidio  basali,  corpori  concoloribus  ;  femore  medio  in  margine  superiorc  in- 
fuscato  ;  tibia  antica  et  postica  dimidio  basali  nigris,  tibia  media  basi  obscura, 
spinulis  apicis,  item  atque  tarsi,  nigris  ;  tarsorum  apice  fusco  ;  alls  dilute  flavc- 
griseis,  nervis  paullum  obscurioribus  ;  oviductu  in  1/3  basali  nigro-viridi,  in 
1/3  apicali  fusco,  spatio  reliquo  ochraceo. 

Antennae  articulis  funiculi  5.-(>.  latitudine  manifeste  longioribus. 

Proalarum  speculum  linea  glabra  indicatum. 

Pedes  antici  femore  subtus  laminato-comprcsso  ;  pedes  intermedii  spinulis 
tibiae  apicis  sex,  spinulis  articuli  tarsalis  primi  12  in  utraque  serie.  quarum 
3-4  ultimae  in  lineam  exteriorem  dispositao.  secundi  5,  tertii  2,  quarti  1. 

Abdomen  tergitis  1.-4.  profunde  angulatim  incisis.  Oviductus  dimidiam 
tibiae  posticae  longitudinem  vix  superans. 

Long.  2,5  mm. 

Habitat.  .Mahe  :    "country  above  Port  Glaud,  500-1,000  ft  " 

Specimen  unicum. 

Adn.  Species  Eupelmo  urozono  Dalm.  affinis,  colore  alarum,  tibiarum  et 
coxae  mediae  facile  distinguenda,  ab  Eupelmo  afro  Silv.  praecipue  differens  al's 
obscuris,  spinarum  numero  maiore  in  apice  tibiae  mediae. 

Gen.  Eupelmoides,  n. 

Speciei  huius  generis  typicae  femina  tantum  est  nota,  Eupelmo  urozono 
thoracis  structura  nee  non  corporis  forma  similis,  at  abdominis  valvula  vomeri- 
formi,  huius  apicem  attingente,  et  alarum  characteribus  praecipue  differens. 

Haec  est  generis  diagnosis  : 

Femina.  Caput  vix  transversum,  vertice  perangusto,  terete,  ocelhs  omnibus 
superioribus.  oculis  magnis.  aspectu  glabris,  linea  oculari  inferiore  in  3/4  capitis 
longitudinis.  mandibulis  bidentatis.  id  est  dente  medio  atque  posteriore  connatis. 
Antennae  inter  lineam  ocularem  et  clypeum  insertae,  scapo  verticem  non  supe- 
rante,  flagello  elongate,  tenui,  annello  et  praeclava  subquadratis,  funiculi  articulis 
1.-4.  longis,  clava  dilatata,  ovata.  Axillae  hand  remotae  ;  metanoti  pars  pone 
scutelium  brevissima,  antice  atque  postice  concava  et  marginibus  medio  fere 
contiguis.  Proalae  nervo  postmarginali  quam  stigmatico  duplo  longiore.  super- 
ficie  confertim  pubescente,  speculo  nuUo.  Abdomen  longum,  tergito  basali 
profunde  diviso,  secundo  angulatim  incise,  4.-6.  convexo-marginatis,  hoc  ultimo 
septimum  obtegente,  sternitis  valvulam  formantibus  vomeris  ad  instar,  ab- 
dominis apicem  fere  attingentem ;  terebrae  valvis  in  specie  typica  tergito  sexto 
subaequilongis. 

Mas  ignotus. 

35.  Eupelmoides  obscuratus,  sp.  n.  (figs.  30-32). 

Femina.  Obscure  violacea,  facie,  scapo  ac  pediceUo,  dorso  partim,  viridibus, 
metallicis,  scutello  saepe  aureo-nitente  ;  funiculo  et  clava  totis  nigris  ;  oculis 
griseo-rufis  ;  tibiis  nigricantibus,  posticis  in  latere  posteriore  macula  oblonga 
alba  ornatis  non  ultra  medium  longitudinis  extensa  ;  tarsis  omnibus  apicem 
versus  sensim  infuscatis,  anticis  aiticulo  1.  et  2.  flavo-griseis,  mediis  atque 
posticis  articulo  1.  albido  ;  proalis  cellula  basali,  costali  et  area  sub  nervo 
marginali  albidis,  reliquo  spatio  fuscis,  in  dimidio  anteriore  etiam  obscurioribus  ; 
metathoracis  alls  fere  hyalinis  ;    oviductu  apice  flavescente. 


NOVITATES    ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV.     1917.  161 

Caput  antice  visum  subrotundum,  longitudine  latius  proportione  5  :  4, 
vertice  angusto,  oculis  magnis,  aspectu  glabris,  verum  pilis  paucis  brevibus 
subtilibus  instructis,  orbitis  valde  obliquis  et  in  linea  oculari  spatio  quadruple 
quam  in  vertice  distantibus  (spatio  hoc  inter  sulcos  genarum  dimenso),  genis 
fortiter  arcuatis,  peristomio  lato,  clypeo  indistincto,  angusto  ;  linea  oculari 
inferiore  in  3/-1  capitis  longitudinis,  scrobibus  antennarum  longis,  in  dimidio 
inferiore  bene  determinatis,  superne  prope  ocellum  confluentibus  et  orbitis 
tangentibus.  Caput  de  supra  inspectum  vertice  quam  diametro  antero-posteriore 
saltim  dimidio  angustiore  ;  oculorum  prominentia  verticis  latitudinem  supe- 
rante  proportione  9:4;  ocellis  posterioribus  orbitis  fere  contiguis  spatioque 
diametrum  eorum  vix  aequante  separatis,  medio  a  posterioribus  spatio  parum 
maiore  remoto.  Faciei  superficies  scabra,  verticis  inter  ocellos  sublaevis  ;  super- 
ficies pone  hos  itemque  oculos  et  sulcos  genarum  leniter  reticulo  insculpta. 
Mandibulae  ambae  eadem  forma,  tridentatae,  aspectu  bidentatae,  id  est  dente 
anteriore  tantum  bene  discreto,  acuto,  reliquis  obtusis  et  vix  incisura  minima 
separatis,  quasi  dentem  unum  latum  formantibus.  Facies  pUis  ornata  crassiu- 
sculis,  inter  se  spatio  eorum  longitudinem  aequante,  interdum  etiam  duplo, 
remotis. 

Antennarum  radiculae  inter  lineam  ocularem  inferiorem  et  os  aequaliter, 
inter  se  duplo  quam  ab  oculis,  remotae, 
itemque  spatio  duplice  quam  verticis  lati- 
tudine  ;  flagellum  tenue,  longitudinem 
thoracis  paullo  superans  ;  pedicellus  duplo 
longior  quam  latior  ;  annellus  vix  discretus,  ,     . .      , 

°  .  .  ,       .      ,.  ,.  Fio.  30. — Eupelmmaes  obecuratue,  ^. 

quadratus  ;   articulus  primus  lumculi  pedi-  Antenna  (x  27). 

cello  sesquilongior,  ceteri  gradatim  breviores 

et  crassiores,  sextus  fere  quadratus,  Septimus  latitudine  sua  vix  brevior  et  quam 

primus  duplo  latior  ;  clava  longitudinem  articuli  primi  cum  annello  aequans, 

post  mortem  interne  profunde  immersa,  propter  deformationem  quam  praeclava 

fere  sesquilatior. 

Sculptura  partis  praeaxillaris  mesonoti  minute  reticulata,  areolis  antice 
atque  postice  paullum  maioribus.  Prothorax  brevis,  de  supra  inspectus  sub- 
triangularis,  longitudine  1/3  thoracis  latitudinis  fere  aequans.  Mesonoti  pars 
praeaxillaris  sulco  tenui  lateribus  limitata,  carinis  longitudinalibus  submedianis 
nullis,  in  parte  postica  tantum  eminentia  cbtusa  indicatis,  area  inter  carinas 
antice  triangulum  subconvexum  formante,  breviter  pilosula,  interdum  glabra. 
Axillae  triangulares,  latitudine,  id  est  basi,  fere  sesquilongiores,  spatio  remotae 
earum  basis  dimidium  aequante,  a  scutello  sulco  lenissime  sinuate  separatae, 
superficie  aspectu  minute  granulosa.  Scutellum  postice  truncatum,  dorsulo 
confertim  longitudinaliter  strigoso-sulcato,  freno  autem  fere  transverso-lineari 
et  valde  declivi,  subdiscreto,  minute  reticulato.  Dorsellum  fere  lineare.  Meta- 
notum  medio  brevissimum,  longitudine  maxima  in  eius  partibus  lateralibus 
dimidium  lateris  anterioris  scutelli  aequante,  margine  antico  et  postico  leniter 
concavis  aequaliter  curvatis,  superficie  scabra.  Spiracula  sat  magna,  obliqua. 
Mesothoracis  latera  ante  sulcum  mesosternum  et  mesopleuram  separantem  reti- 
culata, praesterni  areolis  magis  minutis  ;  pili  infra  hoc  sat  longi  sed  haud 
conferti. 

Proalae  praestigmate  crasso,  nervo  marginah  quam  postmarginali  triple 
lengiore,  hoc  quam  stigmatico  duple  lengiore  ;    cellula  basali  sat  dense  pilosa, 

11 


162  NOVITATES    ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV.     1917. 

costali  margine  glabra,  ppeculo  nullo,  siiperficie  reliqua  confertissime  pilis  brevibus 

vestita,  nervo  cubital!  pilorum 
dispositione  vix  indicate  ad  me- 
diam  alae  latitudinem  decurrente. 
Femur  anticuin  posterioribus 
minus  validum,  at  in  eius  dimidio 
apicali  latius,  marginibus  posticis 
laminatis  foveam  ad  tibiam  ex- 
FiG.  31. -Eupelmoides  obscuraius.  $.  cipiendam   formantibus.      Tarsus 

Proala  (X  23— manularum  dispositionem  ostenJens).  aUticUS      et      pOSticUS    teUUeS,     iUc 

tibia  sesquilongior,  hie  aequi- 
longus,  interne  spinis  in  articulo  1.  circa  25  instructus,  in  2.  decern,  in  3.  septem, 
in  4.  sex  ;  tarsus  medius  baud  elongatus,  3/4  tibiae  aequans,  crassus,  articulo 
primo  seriebus  denticulorum  16-18  munito.     Pedes 

postici  coxis  pubeseentibus,  calcari  minore  latitudi-  ^-y2C3^ 

nem  metatarsi  vix  superante,  maiore  sesquiJongiore. 
Abdomen  thorace  sesquilongius,  saepe  in  speci- 
minibus  hians,  id  est  sternitis  valvulam  eius  apicem 
fere  attingentem,  nee  in  longitudinem  divisam, 
vomeris  ad  instar,  formantibus  ;  tergito  primo  pro-  Fig.  32. — Eupelmoides 

funde  diviso,  secundo  manifeste,  tertio  vix,  angu-  obacuratiia,  $. 

1,....  ...  .  1  J.-,  .  TeJis  intermedii  tibiae  apex  cum  tarso 

latim  incisis,  quinto  et  sexto  subaequahbus  arcuato-  ^^  40, 

convexis,  septimo  fere  oeculto.     Superficies  fere  tota 

sat  conspicue  reticidata,  in  parte  anteriore  segment!  basalis  areolis  minoribus 
insculpta.     Oviductus  tergito  sexto  subaequilongus. 

Long.  4  mm. 

Specimina  sex. 

Habitat.  Silhouette  :  Mare  aux  C'ochons — Mahe  :  Cascade  Estate  ;  Mome 
Blanc  ;    "  country  above  Port  Glaud." 

Gen.  Pseudanastatus,  n. 

Hoc  genus  .sequent!  simile  et  affine,  difTert  faciei  area  interantennali  et 
epistomate  linea  lyrata  circumdatis,  spatio,  hac  linea  limitato,  depresso  ;  flagello 
versus  apicem  gradatim  et  conspicue  latiore,  proalis  in  specie  typica  paullum 
ultra  praestigma  terminatis.  Maris  characteres  non  sunt  adhuc  not!.  Praeter 
speciem  seychellensem,  cuius  de.?cr!ptio  sequitur,  aham  observavi,  in  Italia 
prope  Genuam  inventam,  structura  valde  similem,  colore  praecipue  diversam. 

Femina.  Caput  cra.ssum,  vix  transversum,  vertice  1/3  totius  latitudinis 
aequante  antrorsum  declivi  et  cum  fronte  continuo,  ocellis  in  declivio  locatis  ; 
oculis  fere  glabri.s  ;  antennis  prope  lineam  ceularem  inscrtis,  scrobibus  nullis  ; 
facie  linea  lyrata,  torulis  extus  tangcnte  et  ad  mediam  orbitarum  altitudinem 
arcum  formante,  in  duas  partes  divisa,  quarum  una,  id  est  spatium  interan- 
tennale  cum  epistomate,  magis  depressa,  interdum  etiam  colore  distincta.  Man- 
dibulae  dente  apicali  et  intermedio  instructae,  basali  nullo.  Antcnnarum  scapus 
verticem  non  superans,  flagellum  versus  apicem  gradatim  et  conspicue  crassiu.s. 
Scutellum  angustum,  basi  lateri  anteriori  axillarum  subaequilonga  ;  dorsellum 
atque  metanotum  parva.  Proalae  fere  atrophicae,  rotundato-truncatae,  ccllula 
costali  et  praestigmate  latis,   nervo   marginal!  brevissimo  apicem  attingente, 


1 


NOVITATES    ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV.     1917.  163 

nervo    stigmatico    nullo,    superficie    fere    tota    setis    spiniformibus    instrueta. 
Abdomen  breve,   depressum,   prope  apicem   latum,   tergitorum  margine  baud 
inciso,  terebrae  valvis  baud  vol  vix  prominentibus. 
Mas  ignotus. 

36.  Pseudanastatus  crassicomis,  sp.  n.  (figs.  33,  34). 

Femina.  Flavescenti-brunnea,  oculis,  scapo  ac  pcdicello  concoloribus, 
funiculo  brunneo-nigro,  clava  tarsisque  omnibus  albis  ;  proalis  brevissiniis,  inter 
dimidium  cellulae  ba.salis  et  praestigma  hyalini.s,  reliquo  spatio  leniter  infuscatis, 
nervis  baud  ob.scurioribu.'; ;  callo  dense  albo-pilosulo  ;  abdomine  violascente 
brunneo,  segmcnto  ba.sali  albido  ;   oviductu  vix  prominente  palbde  flavo. 

Caput  transversum,  longitudine  5/7  latitudini.s  aequans,  vertice  antrorsum 
declivi  tertiam  partem  latitudinis  occupante  ;  ocellis  in  declivio  anteriore, 
triangulum  aequilaterum  formantibus,  posterioribus  spatio  ab  oculis  remotis 
quam  ipsorum  diametro  parum  breviore  ;  oculis  setis  perpaucis  brevibus  instru- 
ctis  ;  distantia  orbitali  inferiore  dupla  quam  superiore  ;  linea  oculari  2/7  capitis 
longitudinis  ab  ore  remota  ;  genis  siilcatis,  ad  os  fortius  curvatis  ;  peristomio 
sat  lato  ;  clypeo  subquadrato  extus  recte  marginato  ;  antennis  vix  infra  lineam 
ocularem  insertis  et  carina  brevi  obtusissima  fere  inconspicua  separatis  ;  scro- 
bibus  nullis,  facie  linea  lyrata  torulis  extus  tangente  et  ad  mediam  orbitarum 
altitudinem  arcum  formante,  in  duas  partes  divisa,  quarum  interior,  id  est 
spatium  inter  antennas  cum  epistomate,  magis  depressa.  Palpi  maxillares 
4-articulati,  articulis  1.-3.  subaequalibus.  Mandibulac  dente  exteriore  parvo, 
medio  vix  prominulo  late  rotundato,  interiore  nullo. 

Superficies  tota  capitis  minute  reticulata,  aspectu  granulosa,  pubescentia 
baud  frequenti  aequaUter  dLstributa. 

Antennae  .scapo  robusto,  flagello  versus  apicem  gradatim  et  conspicue 
crassiore  ;  annello  quadrate,  articulo  primo  funi- 
culi quam  pediceUo  baud  longiore  neque  cras.siore, 
articulo  quarto  latitudine  sua  vix  longiore,  tribus 
sequentibus  pauUum  brevioribus,  ultimo  duplam 
pedicelli  latitudinem  aequante.  longitudine  2/3 
latitudinis  suae  baud  superante  :  clava  quam 
articulis  duobus  praecedentibus  paullo  longiore.  ^'°-  33.— P«e«dona«to««» 

....  crassicornis^  $. 

Pronotum,    mesonoti    pars    praeaxillans    et  .uteana  (x  is). 

axillae,  nee  non   scutellum   juxta   eius  latus  an- 

terius,  reticulo  minute  insculpta,  areolis  regulariter  polygonis  super  pronotum 
minus  conspicuis.  Mesonoti  pars  praeaxillaris  area  media  depressa,  indivisa  et 
lateribus  costis  subrectis  fere  parallelis  bene  terminata.  Axillae  duplo  longiores 
quam  basi  latiores,  dimidiam  scutelli  longitudinem  attingentes.  Scutellum 
angu.stum,  duplo  longius  quam  latius,  latere  anteriore  axillarum  basi  vix 
aequilongo,  latitudine  maxima  quam  hoc  spatio  sesquilongiore,  superficie  con- 
fertim  in  longitudinem  striatc-sulcata,  strigis  per  totam  longitudinem  fere 
continuis,  numero  ad  medium  circa  viginti ;  setis  paucis  sparsis.  Dorsellum 
et  metanotum  brcvia. 

Alae  fere  atrophicae  :  anteriores  longitudine,  praeter  radiculam,  triplam 
latitudinem  aequantes,  longitudinem  funiculi  baud  superantes,  non  ultra 
abdominis  basim  ckngatae,  apice  rotundato-truncatae,  superficie  setis  crassis, 


164  NOTITATES    ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV.     1917. 

in  parte  basali  minus  confertis,  veslita  ;   praestigmate  lato  cum  ncrv'o  marginali 
rudimentali  continue,  hoc  apicem  attingente,  nervum  stigmaticum  baud  emit- 

tente  ;    cellula  costali  ampla   1/5 

^,^rr-^r7~7^  ^  -:^S^MjM^^^^!S>xr '  latitudinis  maximae  f ere  aequante , 

'fly^'-r  ■'■^^i^^^^^^'^-^c  '       '     ':     \,t         medium  longitudinis  brcvi  spatio 

'  superante,  margine  anteriore  cur- 
vato,  glabro.  Alae  metathoracis 
hamulis  apice  insertis. 

Tarsus  medius  articulo  prime 
Fio.  34.-P..e«dan«*(a<«.  cra.stVorm,,  ?.  seriebus  dcnticulorum    8-11    mu- 

proaia  (sine  radicuia— x  85).  nito,  secundo  4,  tci'tio  2,  quarto  1. 

Tibia  postica  unicalcarata. 
Abdomen   depressum,    thorace   paullo    longius,    latitudine    maxima    prope 
spiracula,    apice   valde   obtuso,    oviductu   vix   prominente ;    superficie   minute 
reticulato-squamosa,  areolis  aequalibus  ;   tergitis  apice  integris,  quinto  concave-, 
sexto  convexo-marginato. 
Long.  2  mm. 

Habitat.  Mahe  :    "  Cascade  Estate  and  forest  above."— Silhouette  :    "  high 
forest  above  Mare  aux  Cochons,  1,000-2,000  ft." 
Specimina  tria. 

■  Gen.  Paranastatus,  n. 

Species  duae  huic  novo  generi  pertincntes,  forma  capitis  de  latere  inspecti 
similes,  nee  non  totius  corporis  figura,  tamen  characteribus  nonnullis  valde 
differunt.  Ego  autem  genus  praecipue  propter  capitis  formam  institui,  quam 
fig.  362  ostendit.  Forsan  species  sunt,  nomine  Anastalo,  vel  alio,  ab  auctoribus 
descriptae,  quas  huic  meo  generi  adscribere  liceat.  Maris  characteres  in  dia- 
gnosi,  quae  sequitur,  ex  una  tantura  specie  deduxi. 

Femirm.  Caput  fere  aeque  longum  atque  latum,  de  latere  inspectum  obtuse 
triangulare,  angulo  obtuso  foramini  occipitali  fere  contiguo,  itaque  vertice  non 
antrorsum  sed  retrorsum  declivi ;  ocellis,  si  caput  antice  inspiciatur,  pene  sum- 
mam  faciem  eccultatis,  in  angulum  acutum  dispesitis,  posterioribus  fere  oculis 
contiguis  ;  antennis  in  linea  oculari  vel  inter  banc  lineam  et  marginem  ocularem 
insertis  ;  mandibulis  bidentatis,  vel  etiam  "l-dentatis  dentibus  alternis  maioribus. 
Dersellum  atque  metanetum  brevia,  metathoracis  partes  laterales  triangulares, 
in  planum  dispositae.  Proalae  normales,  nervo  postmarginali  duple  quam  stig- 
matico  longiore.  Abdomen  baud  elongatum,  post  mediam  longitudinem  latius, 
segmentis  praeter  basale  subaequilongis,  margine  integris ;  terebrae  valvis 
non  prominentibus. 

Mas.  Vertice,  de  latere  inspecto,  baud  retrorsum  declivi,  ocello  anteriore 
in  medio  eius  site,  scapularum  sulcis  in  parte  dimidia  anteriore  tantum  indicatis, 
metanoto  normali,  superne  inspecto  rcctangulari,  carinato,  prcalis  totis  pube- 
.fsentibus,  tarse  medio  spinulis  denticulorum  loco  munito,  abdoniine  elliptico. 

Huius  generis  species  hie  descriptae  his  characteribus  inter  sese  valde  differunt 
et  facile  dignosci  possunt  : 

Paranastntvs  egregius.     Antennae  in  linea  oculari  insertae,  clava  dila- 

tata.     Mandibulae    bidentatae.     Caput    viride,     thorax     pedesquc    fulvi, 

abdomen  brunneum  basi  pallida,  proalae  fumatae. 


NOVITATES    ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV.     1917.  165 

Paranastatus  violaceus.  Antennae  inter  lineam  ocularem  et  marginetn 
oralem  insertae,  clava  quam  articulis  praecedentibus  haud  latiore. 
Mandibulae  4-dentatae,  dentibus  alternis  (1.  et  2.)  minoribus.  Violaceus, 
flagelli  dimidio  apicali  albo,  vel  obscure  ochraceo  clava  brunnea,  prcalis 
flavo-griseis. 

37.  Paranastatus  egregius,  sp.  n.  (fig.  35). 

Femina.  Capite  smaragdino  vel  aurato-viridi,  oculis  rufescenti-brunneis, 
articulis  tribus  clavae  praecedentibus  albis,  reliquis  funiculi  et  clava  brunneis, 
hac  vero  minus  obseurata  ;  scape  cum  pedicello,  thoraee  pedibusque  fulvis, 
tegulis.  mesonoti  dimidio  posteriore  et  scutelli  apice  virescentibus  ;  proalis 
infra  praestigma  atque  nervum  po.stmarginalem  fortiter.  apice  tamen  minus, 
infuscatis,  ad  medium  fascia  incerte  limitata  subalbida  ornatis ;  abdomine 
violaceo-brunneo,  segmentis,  praecipue  ultimis,  viridi-nitentibus,  segmento 
basali  et  lateris  ventralis  dimidio  posteriore  ochraceis. 

Caput  antice  visum  haud  longitudine  latius,  subrotundum,  oculis  parum 
convexis,  infcrne  duplo  quam  in  vertice  remotis,  pilis  perpaucis  brevissimis 
instructis,  genis  2/3  orbitarum  longitudinis  fere  aequantibus,  fortiter  curvatis, 
profunde  sulcatis  ;  de  latere  visum  subtriangulare,  vertice  non  antrorsum  sed 
retrorsum  dcclivi,  ccellis  in  hoc  declivio  pone  fariem  locatis  ;  de  supra  inspectum 
vertice  perangusto,  ocellis  posterioribus  ab  oculis  vix  separatis,  inter  se  parum 
distantibus,  anteriore  ab  aliis  magis  remote.  Scrobes  antennales  longae,  superne 
confluentes,  at  haud  marginatae,  spatio  modice  elevato  separatae.  Faciei  pars 
inferior  neque  depressa  neque  a  superiore  linea  arcum  formante  discreta.  Clypeus 
niargine  vix  prominente,  recto.  Mandibulae  bidentatae.  Verticis  sculptura 
minutissime  granulosa,  frontis  reticulata,  non  satis  vitro  aucta  aspectu  minute 
granulosa  ;  faciei,  infra  lineam  ocularem,  genarum  temporumque,  etiam  reticu- 
lata, areolis  maioribus,  super  tempora  maximis  ;  dimidium  capitis  inferius 
fcveolis  nonnullis  impressum  rotundatis,  haud  profundis,  prope  genarum  sulcos 
magis  confertis. 

Antennarum  insertio  in  linea  oculari  ;  flagelli  articulus  secundus  dimidiam 
pedicelli  longitudinem  vix  superans,  latitudine 
sua  fere  sesquilongior  ;  articuli  sequentes  grada- 
tim  crassiores,  4.  et  5.  pedicello  aequilongi, 
6.  praecedente  multo  brevior,  aeque  longus  atque 
latus,  quam  pedicellus  sesquilatior ;  articuli  reliqui 
etiam  quadrati,  subaequales ;  clava  articulis 
duobus  praecedentibus  aequilonga,  suturis 
obliquis. 

Sculptura  totius  dorsi  minute  reticulata. 
Mesonoti  pars  praeaxillaris  per  totam  longitu- 
dinem medio  depressa,  fovea  lateribus  cairinis 
parallelis  limitata.  Fjo    35 — Paranaslatue  egregiua,  ?. 

Proalae  normales,  abdominis  apicem  paullo         1,  antenna  (x  40);  2,  pedis  mtermedu 

,  ,  •        1-   r  1        1  tibiae  apex  cum  tarso  (X  80). 

superantes,  nervo  postmargmali  rere  duplo  quam 

stigmatico    longiore,     piHs    satis    confertis    in    tota  superficie    fere    aequaUter 

distributis. 

Tarsus  medius  articulo  primo  seriebus  denticulcrum  9-11   munito. 


166 


NOVITATES    ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV.     1917. 


Abdomen  post  medium  latius,  in  speciminibus  exsiccatis  spatulatum,  seg- 
mentis  subaequilongis,  primo  tanicn  paiiUo  longiore  ;  terebra  valvis  omnino 
retractis. 

Long.  1,5  mm. 

Mas.  Colore  a  femina  baud  differens  nisi  est  proalis  leniter  tantiim  fumatis, 
zona  ad  medium  decolore,  nee  albida.  Caput  de  latere  inspectum  verticehaud 
declivi,  ocello  anteriore  in  medio  huius,  posterioribus  occipitem  versus  Iccatis. 
Flagellum  quam  in  femina  nonnihil  crassius,  fimiculi  articulo  primo  ncn  annuli- 
formi,  quinto  ac  sexto  (septimo  et  octavo  antennae)  acque  longis  atque  latis, 
clava  3-articu]ata  quam  praeclava  liaud  latiore,  suturis  sat  conspicuis.  Scapu- 
larum  sulci  in  dimidio  anteriore  tantum  indicati  ;  axiUae  triangulares  sub- 
aequilaterae,  remotae.  Scutellum  apice  fortius  insculptum.  Dorsellum  atque 
metanotum  fere  aequilonga,  hoc  medio  carinatum.  Praesternum  magnum, 
triangulare  subaequilatenmi.  Proalae  speculo  nullo.  Tarsus  mcdius  denti- 
culorum  loco  spinulis  instructus.  Abdomen  subellipticum.  Characteres  reliqui 
sicut  in  femina. 

Habitat.  Mahe  :  Mare  aux  Cochons  district- — Silhouette.  "  All  the  ex- 
amples are  from  the  endemic  forests,  1,000-2,000  ft." 

Specimina  duo  oo,  unum  $. 


38.  Paranastatus  violaceus,  sp.  n.  (fig.  36). 

Femina.  Obscure  violaeea  ;  antennis  usque  ad  articulum  scptimum 
(quartum  post  annellum)  nigris,  articulis  8.-10.  et  clava  flavescenti-albidis, 
clavae  apice  vix  grisescente,  vel  articulis  8.-10.  obscure  ochraceis  clava  brunnea  ; 
scutello  cum  axillis  aeneis  ;  proalis  flavo-fuscis  nervis  concoloribus  pilisque 
nigris  ;  alis  metathoracis  fere  limpidis  ;  coxis  posticis  violaceis,  mediis,  cum 
trochanteribus  omnibus,  albidis,  anticis  et  reliquis  pedum  partibus  flavo-fuscis  ; 

abdominis  segmentis  usque  ad  5.  nigris,  leniter 
cuprescentibus,  reliquis  viridibus. 

Caput  antice  visum  latitudine  longitu- 
dinem  acquante,  orbitis  et  genis  parum  obliquis, 
distantia  orbitali  superiore  1/3  capitis  latitu- 
dinis  vix  aequante,  genis  quam  orbitis  ses- 
quibrevioribus  ;  ore  lato,  truncate.  Oculi  fere 
glabri,  pilis  brevissimis  ;  linea  ocularis  inferior 
2/5  capitis  longitudinis  ab  ore  distans  ;  genae 
modice  curvatae,  sulcatae  ;  clypeus  rectangu- 
laris  lateribus  bene  limitatus  ;  toruli  subro- 
tundi,  inter  sese  spatio  verticis  latitudini  fere 
aequilongo  remoti  ;  linea  torulos  inferne  tan- 
gens  ab  ore  et  linea  oculari  aeque  distans  ; 
scrobes  antennarum  baud  terminatae,  rectae, 
superne  coniunctae  et  verticem  fereattingentes. 
Forma  capitis  de  latere  subtriangularis,  facie 
plana,  latitudine  maxima  paullum  supra  mediam  longitudinem,  3/4  huius 
attingcnte  ;  ocellis  in  declivio  posteriorc,  in  triangulum  dispositis ;  oculis 
rotundato-triangularibus,  aeque  latis  atque  longis.  Caput  superne  inspectum 
longitudine  2/3  latitudinis  aequans,  oculis   1/4  circuli  fingentibus,  id  est  margins 


«;SfcnH32E12: 


Fio.  36. — Paranastatua  violaceus^  $. 

1,  caput  antice  visum;  2.  de  latere  (x  30); 
3.  maudibulae  apex,  pauUum  oblique  inspectus 
(X  OS):  4,  antenna  (x  30). 


NOVITATES    ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV.     1917.  167 

frontali  et  occipitali  angulum  rectum  formantibus.  vertice  inter  oculos  angusto 
fere  triple  longiore  quam  latiore,  pone  orbitas  nonnihil  longiore  quam  inter 
oculos  latiore. 

Mandibulae  validac,  4-dentatae,  dentibus  secundo  et  quarto  maioribus, 
acutioribus.     Palpi  maxillares  et  labiales  cra.si>iusculi. 

Flagellum  tenue,  funitulo  quam  scapo  duplo  longiore,  annello  latitudire 
sua  sesquilorgiore,  articulis  quatuor  sequentibus  longitudine  subaequalibus, 
sensim  latioribu.s.  prinio  ter  longiore  quam  laticre  ;  articulis  luniculi  5.-7. 
latitudine  paullum  longioribus,  etiam  subaequalibus  ;  clava  quam  articulo 
praecedente  sesquilongiore.  suturis  minus  disfinctis,  vix  obliquis. 

Mesonoti  pars  praeaxillaris  minute,  aequaliter,  reticulata,  aspectu  granulosa, 
glabra,  lateribus  sulcis  angustis  limitata.  carinis  longitudinalibus  obtusis,  area 
triangulari  anteriore  modiee  elcvata.  Axillae  spatio  angusto  separatae.  mcdice 
elongatae,  dimidium  scutelli  longitudinis  vix  superantes,  latere  exteriore  sub- 
sinuato  ;  earum  et  scutelli  dorsuli  superficies  foveolis  minutis,  rectangularibus, 
contiguis,  insculpta.  his  super  dorsulum  sicut  in  primore  digito  curvatim  concen- 
trice  dispositis.  Dorsellum  planum,  in  parte  dimidia  posteriore  semiellipticum  ; 
frenuni  fere  verticale.  laeve,  nitidum.  Dorsellum  parvum,  planum.  Mefcathorax 
partibus  lateralibus  fere  in  planum  dispositis,  de  supra  inspcctis  sicut  in  Calosotere 
et  Metacalosotere  triangularibiis,  angulo  anteriore  externo  recto,  posteriore 
rotundato,  spiraculo  oblique  disposito  breviter  elliptico  ;  partibus  lateralibus 
isthmo  antice  et  postice  curvatim  marginato,  in  medio  dorso  vix  ullo.  coniunctis. 
Mesopleura  in  angulo  anteriore  reticulata,  reliqua  superficie  minute  in  Icngi- 
tudinem  striata. 

Proalae  latitudine  longiores  proportione  15  :  38,  praestigmate  lato,  nerve 
postmarginali  dimidiam  marginaiis  longitudinem  non  attingente  (proportione 
3:7)  et  stigmatici  duplam  aequante  ;  nervo  hoc  recurvo,  clava  indistincta  ; 
superficie  tota  pubescente  pilis  brevibus,  conicis,  acutis  sat  dense  vestita,  pilis 
fimbriae  apicalis  fere  triple  longioribus.  Alae  metathcracis  latitudine  ad  medium 
maxima  7/24  longitudinis  aequante. 

Pedes  normales  :  intermedii  tarso  brevi,  caleari  2/3  metatarsi  attingente, 
huius  spinulis  9-11  in  utraque  serie,  articuli  scquentis  5,  tertii  3,  quarti  1  ;  tibia 
postica  caleari  maiore  eius  latitudini  apieali  aequilongo  et  1/4  metatarsi  attin- 
gente, caleari  minore  setas  apicales  baud  supcrante.  Articulorum  tarsalium 
proportio  :  tarsi  antici,  10  :  7  :  5  :  3  :  6 — medii,  12:5:4:3:  7 — postici, 
20  :  1 1  :  8  :  5  :  7. 

Abdomen  thoraci  subaequilongum,  latitudine  maxima  in  margine  segmenti 
5.  dimidiam  longitudinem  paullo  superante,  extreme  apice  de  supra  inspecto 
rotundato,  ventre  (in  specimine)  subcarinato  ;  tergitis  1.-5.  recte  marginatis, 
integris,  sexto  cenvexe  ;  segmentis  2.-7.  aecjuilongis,  prime  duplo  longicre. 
Terebrae  valvae  abdominis  apicem  baud  superantes. 

Long.  2  mm. 

Specimina  tria,  unum  abdomine  carens. 

Habitat.  Silhouette  :    Mare  aux  Cochons  et  foresta  super  hunc  locum. 

Gen.  Metacalosoter,  n. 

Hoc  genus  a  Calosotere  Walk,  facile  distinguitur  scapo  compresso,  lato, 
feminae  valde  laminato-producto  et  pedicellum,  scuti  ad  instar,  interne  obte- 


168  NOVITATES    ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV.     1917. 

gente  ;    nerv^o  marginali  qiiani  cellula  costali  longiore  :  .setis  Icngis,  lamellaribiis, 
frontem  feminae  de  utroque  latere  ornantibu.s. 

39.  Metacalosoter  frequens,  sp.  n.  (figs.  37,  38). 

Femina.  Capita  viridi,  genis  cupreis  vel  purpureis.  interdum  etiam  pro 
parte  auratis,  ore  cuprco  vel  aureo  ;  setis  frontalibus  niveis  ;  antennis  nigris, 
pilis  funiculi  concoloribus,  scapi  lamina  purpureo-nltcnte,  clava  grisea  ;  man- 
dibulis  brunneo-ferrugineis  ;  palpi.s  pallide  flavis  ;  thorace  abdomincque  vix 
nitidis,  submetallicis,  hoc  toto  nigro,  illo  lateribus  et  metanoto  nigro-violaceis, 
reliquo  dorso  fere  toto  nigro-aeneo ;  pedibus  trochanteribus.  femorum  po- 
steriorum  apice,  tibiae  anticae  margine  apicali,  mediae  dimidio  apicali,  cum 
tarsis  omnibus,  flavo-griseis  vel  obscure  luteis,  reliqui.f  partibu.s  ct  tarsorum 
pulvillo  etiam  nigris  ;  tibiis  posticis  interdum  brunneis  ;  prcalis  flavescenti- 
gri.seis,  limite  posteriore  cellulae  basalis  et  nervis  brunneo-griseis. 

Caput  thorace  latius  proportione  6  :  5,  anticc  visum  transversum,  lorgitudine 
72%  latitudinis  aequans,  vertice  angusto  in  linca  ocellari  postericre  1/4  totius 
latitudinis  baud  superante  ;  orbitis  divergentibus  ;  oculis  magnis.  ccnvexis, 
breviter  pilosis  ;  linea  oculari  inferiore  4/15  capitis  longitudinis  ab  ore  remcta  ; 
fronte  cum  vertice  continua  et  antrorsum  declivi,  in  utroque  latere  setis  longis 
lamellaribus,  facile  deciduis,  ornata  ;  genis  rectis,  obliquis,  quam  diametro  orbitali 
maiore  fere  duplo  brevioribus  ;  ore  late  truncato  ;  torulis  eminentia  parva  sub- 
triangulari  separatis,  inter  sese  spatio  fere  duplo  quam  ab  orbita  remotis.  superne 
vix  ultra  lineam  ocularem  terminatis,  inferne  ab  hac  linea  et  margine  orali 
aequo  spatio  distantibus  ;  media  facie  superne  leniter  concava  et  margine 
arcuate,  diniidiam  orbitarum  altitudinem  non  superante.  inccrte  limitata  ; 
scrobibus  parvis,  vix  detemiinatis,  medio  coniunctis,  valde  obliquis  et  lineam 
ocularem  pauUum  superantibus.  Caput  de  latere  subtriangulare,  oculis  fere 
eadem   forma  at  margine  posteriore   obliquo.      Ocelli  in  triangulum  subaequi- 

laterum  dispositi,  ab  oculis  et  inter  sese  spatio 
eorum  diametro  minore  distantes.  Mandibulae 
parv'ae,  .'J-dentatac. 

Antennae  scapo  laminato-compresso,  lamina 
eius     apicem     superante    duplo     longiore     quam 

j^^^^  ^j^M/yu ^  latiore,  pedicellum,  scuti  ad   instar,  in  latere  in- 

Aj-'CHrl  ='3^      tenore  obtegente.     Pedicellus  crassiusculus,  dimi- 

^'^•*s«3,^^.-^^v^  diam  scapi  longitudinem  non  aequans.     Annellus 


funiculi    articulis    conformis    at    minor ;    articuli 
2 

sequentes    subaequales,     compressi,     fere     duplo 

Fio.  37. — Metacaiosour  frequena.       latiores  quam  longiores,  et  pedunculo  brevissimo, 

1,  maris  autenna(x  68);  2,  aatenna  feminae       vix  COUSpicUO,   COniuUCti,    pilis    Crassis,  Sat   lOHgiS, 

(X  50)  de  latere  exteriore  inspecta.  ..,,,. 

instructi.  Clava  etiam  compressa,  quam  prae- 
clava  baud  latior  et  duplo  longior,  articulo  basali  vix  pilosulo  diniidium 
parum  superante,  apicali  quam  secundo  breviore. 

Mesonoti  pars  praeaxUlaris  area  media  deplanata,  nee  carinis  limitata, 
at  sculptura  magis  conspicua  distincta,  subtiUter  et  parce  pUosula.  Tegulae 
parvae,  triangulares.  Axillae  fere  nullae.  Axillulac  acute  triangulares,  lineam 
scutelli  suturae  fere  attingentes.  iScutcllum  basi  lata,  suturis  axillarum  brevibus 
vix  obliquis,  axillularum,  latera  eius  formantibus,  paralleUs ;  apice  rotundato  ; 


NOVITATES    ZOOLOQICAE   XXIV.    1917.  169 

pube.scentia  sicut  in  mesonoti  parte  praeaxillari.     Dorsellum  mediocre.     Meta- 

notum  antice  et  postice  ad  dorsellum  atque  petiolum  excipienda  semieireulariter 

excavatum,  parte  media  dorsello  aequilonga 

in   longitudinem   minute  strigulosa.     Partes 

laterales    metathoracis    fere    laminares,    in 

planum  dispositae,  sub  triangulares,  margine 

exteriore  vix  curvato,  apice  rotundato,  spira- 

culis  earum  parti  interiore  magis  propinquis, 

subrotundis,  sat  magnis  ;  sculptura  reticulata 

versus  Uneam  mediani  dorsi  gradatim  minu- 

tiore.     Sulcus  mesosternum  et  mesopleuram 

dividens    conspicuus.      Mesosternum    parce 

pilosulum.      Superficies   partis   praeaxillaris 

mesonoti    et    SCUtelli    minute    reticulata,   as-  Fi".  38. — Metacaloater  frequena  $. 

pOCtU      granulosa;       mesopleura       in       ansulo  l.  caput  antice   mspectum  Cx    23;;  2.  mandibula 

.  -^  ^  (X  58);  3,  proala(x  40:  fascian. glabram  pimctonim 

supero-anteriore  conspicue  reticulata,  reliquo     liuea  mdicatj. 
spatio    minutissime  striata. 

Proalae  abdominis  apicem  attingentes.  latitudine  maxima  infra  basim 
nervi  stigmatici,  paullum  ante  3/4  tctius  longitudinis  sita  ;  cellulae  costalis, 
nervi  raarginalis  et  postmarginalis  proportione  sicut  83  :  100  :  27  ;  nerve  post- 
marginali  truncato  apicem  stigmatici  vix  superante  ;  hoc  nervo  tenui,  leniter 
curvato,  clavam  formante  parum  dilatatam,  vix  discretam,  apice  acuto  ad 
marginem  alae  reverso  ;  pilis  fimbriae  apicalis  quam  iUis  in  disco  fere  triple 
longioribus  ;  superficie  superiore  fere  tota  pilis  sat  dense  vestita,  his  infra  nervum 
marginalem  omnibus  antrorsum  plus  minus  vergentibus,  in  limite  posteriore  cel- 
lulae basalis  angustae  divergentibus  ;  superficie  inferiorc  pilis  nonnullis  sparsis 
prope  nervum  marginalem  instructo  ;  nervo  cubitali  linea  glabra  dimidiam  alae 
longitudinem  non  superante  indicate.  Alae  pesteriores  apicem  segmenti  sexti 
attingentes,  pilis  in  margine  posteriore  brevibus,  1/8  earum  latitudinis  aequantibus. 

Pedes  normales,  intermedii  calcari  apice  mucronato  medium  metatarsi 
non  superante,  articulo  tarsali  prime  spinis  8,  interdum  6  vel  etiam  10  in  utraque 
serie,  munito,  secundo  .spinis  5,  tertio  3,  quarto  I.  Pec'es  pestici  calcari  minora 
dimidium  maioris  non  attingente. 

Abdomen  thorace  fere  duple  longius.  angustum.  apice  acutum,  terebrae 
valvis  vix  prominentibus  ;  tergitis  tota  superficie  dori-ali  insculptis,  1.  et  2. 
brevibus  prefunde  angulatim  incisis,  tertio  emarginate,  hoc  et  duobus  sequentibus 
subaequalibus.  Superficies  fere  tota  fortiter  reticulato-insculpta.  areolis  im- 
pressis,  transversis. 

Long.  2,6-3,7  mm. 

Mas.  Capite  minus  nitido,  areis  cuprescentibus  nullis  ;  thorace  plerumque 
nigro-vielaceo,  interdum  derso  nigro-viridi  vel  mesopleura  aenea. 

Caput  thorace  latius  proportione  5:4;  antice  inspectum  subcordiferme, 
lengitudine  75%  latitudinis  non  superans  ;  vertice  minus  angusto,  2/5  totius 
latitudinis  aequante,  antrorsum  parum  declivi,  cum  fronte  baud  continue  ; 
linea  oculari  inferiore  a  margine  clypei  2/7  capitis  longitudinis  remota  ;  genis 
subrectis  ;  ore  baud  late,  latitudini  verticis  aequali  ;  clypeo  fere  duple  longiore 
quam  latiore,  forma  trapezoidali,  interne  baud  discrete,  latcribus  carinis  ebtusis 
limitato  ;  torulis  in  linea  oculari  dispositis,  spatio  eerum  diametro  aequali  ab 
ocuUs  remotis,  inter  sese  spatio  fere  sesquilongiore  ;    scrobibus  baud  deter- 


270  NOVITATES    ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV.    1917. 

minatis,  fronte  immersa.  Forma  capitis  de  latere  subtriangularis,  latitudine 
3/4  longitudinis  fere  aequans,  vertice  subplano,  orbita  rotundatc-triangulari 
latitudinem  capitis  totam  occupante  ;  ocellis  posterioribus  in  medio  vertice  sitis. 
hoc  cum  fronte  in  angulum  fere  rectum  coniuncto.  Caput  superne  visum  vertice 
subquadrato  ct  latitudine  prominentiam  oculorum  aequante,  ocelli.'^  magnis  in 
tuiangulum  aequilaterum  dispositis,  posterioribus  spatio  ab  cculis  remctis  quam 
eorum  diametro  sesquilongiore.  Sculptura  fere  ubicumque  reticulata,  areolis 
in  dimidio  inferiore  faciei  inter  clypeum  et  torulos  minutis,  latera  versus  duplo 
maioribus,  conspicuis  ;  frons  laevis,  nitida  ;  genae  postice  et  tempera  minute 
in  longitudincm  striata  ;   areolae  verticis  sicut  in  epistoniate. 

Antennae  scapo  dilatato,  crasso,  fere  triplo  longiorc  quam  latiorc,  de  latere 
viso  forma  elliptica,  basi  transversim,  apice  oblique  truncate,  verticem  ncn 
superante  :  pedicello  quam  scapo  dimidio  breviore  ;  articulo  sequcnte  annuli- 
formi,  longitudine  sua  parum  latiore,  reliquis  septem  suliacqualibus,  acque  lergis 
atque  latis,  bene  discrctis  ;  clava  elliptica,  articulis  tribus  praecedcntibus  aequi- 
longa  suturisque  vix  obliquis  in  articulos  aequales  divisa.  Pili  totius  antenrae 
sat  frequentes,  crassi,  funiculi  articulerum  longitudincm  fere  attirgentes,  leniter 
curvati.     Scapi  sculptura  reticulata  conspicua. 

Mesonoti  pars  pracaxillaris  superficie  fere  aequalitcr  tt  modice  convexa, 
in  exemplaribus  exsiccatis  medio  tantum  leniter  immersa,  carinis  et  sulcis  nullis  ; 
pilis  aequalitcr  distributis,  spatio  inter  se  remotis  quam  eorum  longitudine 
paullum  breviore.  Metathorax  fere  eadem  forma  quae  in  feminis,  medio  carina 
instructus  brevi.  lateribus  sulcis  limitata  et  pone  mediam  longitudinem  bifurcata, 
incisuram  posticam  amplectente  ;  partibus  lateralibus  minus  versus  apicem 
angustatis.  Sulcus  mesosternum  et  mesopleuram  dividens  conspicuus  ;  sutuia 
epimeri  cum  episterno  vix  indicata  ;  praesternum  triangulare.  Latera  mese- 
thoracis  areolis  illis  dorsi  fere  aequalibus  ;  pars  postica  pleurae  minutissime 
striata,  sculptura  10(»  diam.  magniiicata  vix  conspicua.  Pili  mesosterni  sicut 
in  dorso,  mesopleura  glabra. 

Proalae  ultra  abdominis  apicem  elongatae,  nervo  postmarginali  ILneam  apicis 
nervi  stigmatici  non  superante.  Alae  metathoracis  abdominis  apicem  attin- 
gentes,  pilis  in  margine  posteriore  longis,  1/4  earum  latitudinis  vix  aequantibus, 
cellula  costali  ad  hamulos  extensa. 

Pedes  intermedii  calcari  medium  metatarsi  paullo  superante,  hoc  autem 
in  parte  dimidia  basali  inermi,  reliquo  spatio  denticulis  5  in  utraque  serie  munito  ; 
articulo  tarsali  secundo  denticulis  4,  tertio  2,  quarto  1.  Pedes  postici  fern  oris 
apice  marginem  segmenti  4.  abdominalis  attingentes,  calcari  maiore  latitudinem 
tibiae  apicis  non  aequante.  minore  2/3  maioris  attingcnte. 

Abdomen  thorace  paullum  longius  et  angustius,  lateribus  a  segmento  2. 
ad  4.  rectis,  parallelis  :  petiolo  parvo,  medio  transverse  carinato,  parte  dimidia 
posteriore  in  fovea  abdominis,  anteriore  in  incisura  metathoracis  recepta  ; 
segmentis  margine  apicali  recto,  haud  incise,  longitudine  subaequalibus,  exceptis 
primo  quam  secundo  sesquilongiore,  sexto  brtvi.  Pili  sparsi,  spatio  remcti 
dimidiam  ipsorum  longitudinem  paullum  superante. 

Long.  1,75  mm. 

HahiUit.  Silhouette  :  Mare  aux  Cochons  et  foresta  super  hunc  locum  ; 
"  coast  at  Pointe  Etienne." — Mahe  :  "  Mare  aux  Cochons  district  ;  forest  above 
Cascade  Estate  ;  high  forest  of  Morne  Blanc." — Praslin  :  Cotes  d'Or  Estate. 

Specimina  :    ??  viginti,  (J (J  septem. 


NOVITATES    ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV.    19)7.  171 

SuBFAM.  PTEROMALINAE 

(incl.  Miscogasterinae). 

Gen.  Leodamus,  n. 

(Miscogasterinae). 

De  femina  huius  generis  nihil  constat.  Maris  characteres  qui  genericae 
rationis  esse  mihi  videntur,  hi  sunt  :  funiculi  artieuli  contigui,  pilis  sat  dense 
vestiti,  primus  quam  pedicellus  longior  ;  clava  triarticulata  ;  collare  discretum  ; 
metathorax  carina  et  plicis  instructus,  spiraculis  magnis,  ellipticis,  plicis  et 
postscutello  propinquis,  nucha  nulla  ;  abdomen  ovatum  longitudine  ac  latitudine 
subaequalibus.  Genus  in  tribu  Trydiminorum,  subtribu  Metasteninornm,  ad- 
scribere  licet. 

40.  Leodamus  onustus,  sp.  n.  (fig.  39). 

Mas.  Niger,  facie  cyanescente,  scape,  alarum  nervis  pilisque  dorsi  griseo- 
luteis,  flagello  et  oculis  brunneis,  pedibus  testaceis,  tarsorum  apice  infuscato, 
abdomine  brunneo-aeruginoso  in  dimidio  anteriore  dorsi  testaceo-maculato. 

Caput  thorace  parum  latius,  proportione  6  :  5,  latitudine  sua  sesquibrevius  ; 
antice  visum  vertice  vix  curvato,  oculis  glabris  magnis,  2/3  longitudinis  extensis, 
clypeo  subdiscreto,  margine'leniter  concavo,  antennis  in  media  facie  insertis  ; 
de  supra  inspectum  diametro  longitudinali  1/3  transversi  paullum  superante, 
ocellis  fere  in  lineam  dispositis,  posterioribus  spatio  duplo  quam  ab  oculis  inter 
se  remotis  ;  de  latere  forma  subelliptica,  diametro  transverse  lengitudini  cculi 
aequilongo,  hoc  ovato-elliptice,  latitudine  3/4  eius  longitudinis  aequante  ; 
genis  latis,  teretibus,  profunde  sulcatis.  Superficies  lineis  elevatis  subtilibus 
reticulata,  super  verticem  et  occiput  potius  punctato-reticulata,  clypeo  radiatim 
striguloso. 

Antennae  scapo  ocellum  vix  superante,  flagello  quam  latitudine  eapiti.s 
parum  longiore  ;  pedicellus  pyriformis  longitudine  3/4  artieuli  primi  funiculi 
aequans  ;  annelli  duo,  parvi  ;  funiculus  articulis  adpressis,  sat  dense  hirtis, 
pilis  dimidiam  eorum  latitudinem  superantibus,  articulo  prime  duplo  longiore 
quam  latiore,  sequentibus  gradatim  brevioribus,  baud  crassioribus,  ultimo 
pedicello  aequilongo  et  latitudine  sua  sesquilongiore.  Clava  vix  discreta,  articulo 
tertio  conico,  articulis  praecedentibus 
2\  aequilonga. 

Thorax  sat  robustus,  latitudine  3/4 
longitudinis  aequans,  eoUari  bene  di- 
screte et  margine  anteriore  acute,  po- 
stice  arcuato,  antice  recte  truncate  ; 
sulcis  scapularum  pest  2/3  scuti  lon- 
gitudinis terminatis  ;  scuto  valde  con- 
vexe  ;  scutello  elevate,  quam  scute 
proportione    5  :  6    breviore,    lateribus  j-j^  z^.—Uodamue  onustus,  S. 

leniter     sinUOsis,     freno    haud    discrete,         Proala  ex  45,  limite  partis  glabrae  basalispunctismdiMto). 

fortiter    declivi  ;     axillis    longis    freni 

suturam  attingentibus,  axillulis  fere  verticaliter  dispositis  ;  metanote  1/3  scutelli 

longitudinis   haud    superante,  carina   postice   bifurcata,  plicis  modice  arcuatis, 


172  NOVITATES    ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV.     1017. 

spatio  inter  plicam  et  carinam  subquadrato,  nucha  nulla.  Spiracula  magna 
elliptica,  postscutello  tangentia,  plicis  fere  contigua.  Sculptura  dorsi,  praesterni, 
mesosterni  atque  epimeri  eadem  quae  capitis ;  episternum  et  meta pleura 
minute  reticulato-sulcata,  nitida.  Callus  pilis  paucis  longis  instructus  ;  dorsum 
pills  nonnullis  sparsis,  tenuibus. 

Proalae  abdomen  superantes,  huius  apicem  stigmate  attingentes,  latae, 
breviter  ciliatae,  cellula  basali  et  speculo  omnino  glabris,  cellula  costali  pilis 
perpaucis  in  dimidio  exteriore  tantum  instructa,  quam  ner\-o  marginali  pro- 
portione  16:  11  longiore  ;  nervo  hoc  quam  postmarginali  duplo  longiore,  stig- 
matico  1/3  eius  longitudinis  nonnihil  superante,  et  quam  postmarginali  fere 
sesquibreviore. 

Calcar  mains  tibiae  posticae  huius  apicis  latitudinem  fere  attingens,  calcar 
minus  dimidio  brevius. 

Abdomen  sessOe,  cordiforme,  thoracis  latitudini  aequilongum,  paullum 
latitudine  sua  longius  (9  :  8),  segmentis  recte  marginatis,  subaequalibus,  fere 
glabris,  superficie  reticulato-sulcata. 

Long.  1,8  mm. 

Habitat.  Silhouette  :    Mare  aux  Coclion.s. 

Specimen  unicum. 


Gen.  Dinarmolaelaps,  n. 
(Miscogasterinae). 

Quae  sit  huius  generis  ad  cetera  Miscogasterinarmn  relatio  difficile  est 
decernere.  Species  cuius  descriptio  sequitur  Dimirmo  characteribus  nonnullis 
accedit,  at  metathorace  differt,  cui  structura  est  Lelapinorum  :  hi  vero  scapulis 
plane  discretis  distinguuntur.  Schulz  {Spolia  Hymenvpterologica,  Paderborn, 
1906.  p.  144)  nomen  Lekips  in  Dilaehps  mutavit,  itaque  Laekipinos  vel  Dikie- 
lapinos  scribere  oportet. 

Genus  subtribui  Metasteninorum  satis  convenit,  eiusque  characteres  praecipui 
hi  sunt  :  clypeus  obtuse  bidentatus  ;  antennae  13-articulatae,  feminae  3- 
annulatae ;  pronoti  collare  subdiscretum  ;  scapularum  sulci  in  1/3  postica 
obsoleti ;  metanotum  plicis  sinuatis,  carina  destitutum,  at  secundum  lintam 
mediam  obtusissime  plicatum  ;  proalae  cellula  costali  angusta,  nervo  marginali 
huius  dimidium  vix  aequante,  postmarginali  quam  stigmatico  duplo  longiore. 
Tibiae  posticae  bicalcaratae.  Abdomen  feminae  longitudinem  thoracis  cum 
capite  superans,  maris  spatulatum,  breviter  petiolatum. 

41.  Dinarmolaelaps  protus,  sp.  n. 

Femina.  Nigra,  abdominis  dorso  basi  viridi,  reliquo  cuprescente  ;  oculis 
rubris,  scapo,  tibiis  tarsisque  fulvis,  flagello,  coxis.  femoribus  et  alarum  nervis 
brunneo-luteis,  alls  leniter  infuscatis. 

Caput  magnum,  crassum,  thorace  sesquilatius.  antice  visum  latitudine 
quam  longitudine  latiore,  proportione  9  :  7,  vertice  convexo,  ocuUs  glabris, 
horum  diametro  maiore  5/7  longitudinis  aequante,  linea  oculari  infra  1/3  longi- 
tudinis sita  ;  clypeo  inccrte  limitato,  lateribus  tantum  impressione  laevi  sub- 
discreto,  in  medio  margine  externo  bidentato.  dentibus  brevibus,  obtusis  et 
fovea  sat  profunda  separatis  ;  facie  convexa,  antennis  ad  medium  huius  insertis, 


NOVITATES   ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV.     1917.  173 

fere  contiguis.  Forma  capitis  de  latere,  elliptica,  latitudine  5/7  longitudinis 
aequante  ;  genae  baud  compressae.  Vertex  superne  inspectus  teres,  2/3  latitu- 
dinis  occupans,  ocellis  in  anguhim  valde  obtusum  dispositis,  externis  ab  anteriore 
et  ab  oculis  aequo  spatio  remotis.  Superficies  minute  at  perspicue  reticulata, 
inferius  strigis  ab  ore  ultra  clypeum  radiantibus  sulcata. 

Scapus  tenuis,  ocellum  anteriorem  attingens  ;  flagclli  longitude  latitudinem 
capitis  paullum  superans  ;  pedicellus  latitudine  sua  fere  sesquilongior  ;  articuli 
tres  sequentes  annuliformes,  simul  sumpti  2/3  pedicelli  longitudinis  extensi, 
primus  vix  conspicuus,  tertiiis  quam  secundus  paullum  maior  ;  articuli  quinque 
funiculi  bene  discreti,  primus  pedicello  aequilongus  at  latitudine  huius  sesqui- 
latior,  reliqui  gradatim  crassiores,  ultimus  quadratus  ;  clava  articulis  praece- 
dentibus   2|  aequOonga,  latitudinem  praeclavae  paullo  superans. 

Pronotum  collari  subdiscreto  ;  sulci  scapulares  leniter  impressi,  in  1/3 
postica  obsoleti ;  scutum  aeque  longum  atque  latum,  quam  scutellum  vix  longius  ; 
hoc  basi  angusta  dimidium  eius  latitudinis  maximae  aequante  ;  axUlae  longae, 
in  angulo  anteriore  externo  fovea  rotundata  excavatae  ;  pars  media  metanoti 
etiam  elongata,  scutello  sesquibrevior,  latitudinem  suam  longitudine  superans, 
lateribus  plicis  leniter  sinuatis  limitata,  secundum  lineam  mediam  longitudinalem 
angulum  obtusissimum  formans,  postice  obtruncata,  prcminens,  collari  angusto 
terminata,  fovea  rotunda  antice  in  angulis  externis  impressa.  Sculptura  dorsi, 
mesosterni  ac  episterni  illi  capitis  similis  ;  metanoti  reticulato-squamosa  magie 
conspicua  ;  collare  metathoracicum  fere  laeve,  punctis  minutissimis  insculptum  ; 
episternum  nitidum  ;    metapleura  fere  nitida,  subtiliter  ac  minute  reticulata. 

Proalae  magnae,  breviter  ciliatae,  cellula  costali  angusta,  nervo  marginali 
3/7  costae  aequante,  quam  stigmatico  magis  quam  duplo  longiore,  proportione 
22  :  9,  hoc  versus  apicem  sensim  latiore  in  clavam  desinente  rotundatam,  dente 
brevi  instructam  ;  nervo  postmarginali  quam  stigmatico  duplo  longiore,  cellula 
basali  glabra  extus  serie  setarum  nervum  indicantium  limitata,  area  speculari 
secundum  nervum  marginalem  et  paullum  infra  hune  elongata.  Alae  meta- 
thoracis  cellula  costali  dimidium  nervi  marginalis  attingente. 

Pedes  haud  robusti,  postici  coxis  in  latere  exteriore  fortiter  compresso- 
acutis  et  pilis  paucis  in  dimidio  inferiore  instructis,  tibia  calcaribus  duobus 
munita,  altero  3/4  metatarsi  aequante,  altero  quam  hoc  dimidio  breviore. 

Abdomen  quam  thorax  cum  capite  fere  sesquUongius,  acuminatum,  in 
specimine  exsiccato  triquetrum  ;  segmentis,  praeter  basale  mains,  subaequalibus, 
valvis  apice  proniinentibus  segmento  ultimo  aequilongis  ;  superficies  fere  tota 
concinne  ac  minute  striato-reticulata,  segmentum  basale  tamen  dorso  laevi, 
nitido. 

Long.  2.5  mm. 

Mas  oculis,  scape,  femoribus,  tibiis  posticis  alisque  obscurioribus,  coxis 
nigris,  abdominis  dorso  basi  haud  virescente  ;  oculis  ex  latere  inspectis  ellipticis  ; 
antennis  annellis  duobus  brevibus  arete  contiguis,  articulo  primo  funiculi  quam 
latitudine  sua  duplo-  et  quam  pedicello  sesquilongiore,  sexto  parum  latitudine 
longiore,  clava  conica  articulos  duos  praecedentes  longitudine  vix  superante, 
haud  crassiore  ;  abdomine  spatuliformi,  quam  thorace  paullum  longiore,  pedun- 
culo  subeylindrico,  aeque  longo  atque  lato. 

Habitat.  Silhouette  :  Mare  aux  Cochons. — Mahe  :  "  cultivated  country  at 
about  1,000  ft." 

Specimina  duo  <?<?,  unum  ?. 


174  NOVITATES    ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV.     1917. 

Gen.  Habrocytus  Thomson. 

Species  Habrocyti  generis  habitu  tantum  es.se  similes,  natura  vero  baud 
affines,  Kurdjumow  demonstravit,  neque  ego  eo  nomine  utar  nisi  species  quas 
sum  descripturus  non  alio  generi  convenire  nee  novo  nunc  adscribendas  judicareni. 
Harum  mandibulae  sunt  ambae  4-dentatae.  verum  non  desunt  inter  Habrocytos 
species  nonnullae  quibus  dentes  mandibulares  codtm  sint  numero  in  utroque 
latere,  sicut  Kurdjumow  recognovit  :  hie  autem  auctor  dentium  numerum  in 
Chalcidi/lum  generibus  definiendis  etiamque  in  speciebus  recognosccndis,  parvi 
momcnti  esse  opinatur. 

42.  Habrocytus  morio,  sp.  n. 

Fetnina.  Nigra,  oculis  concoloribus,  abdominis  dorso  vix  cuprescente,  pro 
parte  cyanescente ;  scapo  pallide  flavo-griseo,  versus  apicem  obseuriore,  flagello 
usque  ad  medium  articuli  quinti  flavo-rufo,  reliquo  spatio  nigro  ;  proalis  pone 
cellulam  basalcm  umbra  flavescenti-grisea,  sub  stigmate  macula  rotundata  eius- 
dem  coloris,  parum  conspicua,  ornatis,  nervis  griseo-fuscis  ;  femoribus  bninneis, 
tibiis  tarsisque  pallide  flavo-griseis,  illis  ad  medium,  his  apice  infuscatis. 

Caput  magnum,  crassnm,  thoraeem  latitudine  superans  proportione  7:5; 
antice  visum  longitudine  sua  latius  proportione  4  :  3,  oculis  magnis,  glabris, 
sat  prominulis  ;  linea  oculari  inferiore  ad  4/5  capitis  longitudinis  sita  ;  genis 
brevibus,  obliqiiis  ;  clypeo  apice  bidentato,  dentibus  triangularibus  contiguis  ; 
mandibulis  4-('entatis,  dentibus  duobus  internis  hand  acutis ;  antennarum 
torulis  fere  coniiguis,  ad  medium  faciei  in  lineam  post  3/4  oculorum  longitudinis 
sitam  dispositis.  Vertex  teres,  sed  inter  ocellos  minus  rotundatus,  occUis  po- 
sterioribus  eodem  spatio  ab  oculis  quam  inter  se  remotis,  anteriore  lineae  posteriori- 
bus  tangenti  contiguo.  Forma  capitis  de  latere  elliptica,  latitudine  5/8  longitu- 
•dinis  aequante  ;  oculis  longe  ovatis,  in  diametro  longitudinali  quam  in  transverse 
sesquUongioribus  (37  :  25)  ;  genis  bene  rotundatis,  vix  conspicue  sulcatis.  Super- 
ficies fere  tota  lineis  elevatis  reticulum  formantibus  insculpta,  areolis  frontis 
elongatis,  plerunique  rhombicis  ;  strigae  a  clypeo  radiantes  valde  tenues  atque 
confertae. 

Scapus  Mubrectus.  ocellum  anteriorcm  fere  attingens  ;  flagellum  latitudini 
capitis  aequilongum,  crassiusculum,  subclavatum,  articulis  adpressis,  ultimis 
funiculi  et  clava  fere  duplo  quam  pedicello  crassioribus.  Annelli  subaequales, 
cylindrici,  sat  conspicui.  Funiculus  articulo  primo  quam  pedicello  fere  sesqui- 
longiore,  sequentibus  usque  ad  quintum  sensim  brevioribus  et  latioribus,  ultimo 
magis  dilatato,  aeque  longo  atque  lato,  quam  pedicello  baud  longicre.  Clava 
articulis  tribus  praecedentibus  aequilonga,  quam  praeclava  paullum  latior, 
apice  aeuto. 

Thorax  sat  robustus,  latitudine  3/5  longitudinis  attingens.  CcUare  supra 
angustum,  lateribus  dilatatiim  et  .secundum  lineam  margini  anteriori  parallelam 
elevatum.  Metanoti  area  media  cordiformis,  baud  earinata,  superficie  leniter 
•convexa  et  lateribus  immersa,  ita  ut  partes  laterales  externae  metathoracia 
margine  elevato  plicas  sinuosas  cfficiunt  ;  foveolae  liuius  areae  prope  dorselli 
extremitates  amplae  at  parum  profundae  et  incerte  limitatae ;  zona  nitida 
postscutelli  foveis  rotundis  inter  se  remotis,  ternis  in  utroque  latere,  impressa  ; 
nucha  magna,  subcyUndrica,  fere  duplo  latiore  quam  longiore.  Spiracula  elliptica, 
sat    magna.     Callus    pilis    pauois    longis.     Mesothoracis    dorsum    retieulatum. 


NOVITATES    ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV.    1917.  175 

modice  vitro  auctum  punctatum,  scabrum  ;  areolis  fere  omnibus  aequalibus, 
nusquam  elongatis,  fundo  baud  polito.  Metathorax  ixticulo  magis  minuto 
insculptus,  nucha  tantum  transverse  rugosa.  Episternuni  reticulo  fere  incon- 
spicuo. 

Proalae  nerve  marginali  quam  cellula  costali  fere  sesquibreviore,  stigmatico 
2/5  eius  aequante,  postmarginali  quam  hoc  longiore,  proportione  5  :  3,  quam 
marginaU  breviore,  proportione  5:7;  cellula  costaH  in  1/3  ultimo  pilis  brevibus 
instructa,  cellula  basali  tota  parce  pOosa,  speculo  huius  altitudincm  non  superante 
formaque  rhomboidali,  angulo  anteriore  externo  nonnihil  prcducto  ;  pilis  apica- 
libus  brevibus.  Alae  metathoracis  cellula  costali  sat  lata,  nervo  marginali 
confertim  rigid o-setoso.  Coxae  posticae  pilis  quibusdam  longis  ad  medium 
lateris  posterioris  instructae. 

Abdomen  longitudinem  thoracis  cum  capite  vix  superans,  in  dimidio  anteriore 
triquetrum,  de  supra  inspectum  3/4  thoracis  latitudinis  aequans,  forma  lanceolata, 
versus  basim  et  apicem  aequaliter  angustatum,  extreme  apice  acuto  ;  segmentis 
praeter  secundum  subaequilongis,  hoc  1/4  longitudinis  primi  ncn  superante. 
Superficies  haud  polita,  sed  sculptura  inconspicua  (?),  basi  tantum  brevi  spatio 
nitida,  in  segmentis  tribus  apicalibus  breviter  pilosula. 

Long.  3,5  mm. 

Mas.  Differt  flagello  fusco,  abdominis  dorso  in  dimidio  anteriore  macula 
brunneo-lutea  nctato,  tibiis  anterioribus  luteis,  posticis  praeter  basim  et  apicem 
brunneis  ;  funiculo  articulis  aequo  latis,  usque  ad  quartum  longitudine  sub- 
aequalibus,  duobus  ultimis  ciuam  primo  sesquibrevioribus,  simid  sumptis  clavae 
aequilongis  ;  abdomine  thoraci  aequilongo,  superficie  reticulato-sulcata,  inter 
.segmentum  primum  et  sextum  lateribus  reetis,  segmento  quinto  latissimo. 

Long.  1,5-1,7  mm. 

Habitat.  Praslin  :   Cotes  d'Or  Estate. 

Specimina  duo  SS,  unum  ?. 

43.  Habrocytus  cyanescens,  sp.  n. 

Femina.  Obscure  cyaneo-grisea,  vertice  episterno  et  metapleura  virescenti- 
bus,  subauratis  ;  abdomine  nitido  segmento  basali  et  lateribus  viridibus,  dorso 
cuprescenti-nigro  ;  oculis  brunneo-rufis,  scapo  cimi  pedicello  ferrugineis,  funiculo 
et  clava  fuscis  ;  alarum  nervis  griseis  ;  pedibus  flavo-rufis,  femoribus  ad  medium 
fusco-maculatis  vel  umbratis,  tarsis  pallidis  apice  infuscatis. 

Caput  magnum,  thorace  latius  proportione  14:11,  antice  visum  longitudine 
5/7  latitudinis  aequante,  vertice  vix  arcuato,  oculis  4/5  fere  longitudinis  extensis, 
glabris,  sat  prominulis  ;  genis  brevibus  in  dimidio  inferiore  immersis  ;  clypei 
parte  media  concavo-marginata  prope  marginem  impressa;  mandibulis  4- 
dentatis,  dente  basali  magno  rotundato-truncato,  ceteris  acutis,  apicali  evidenter 
quam  ceteris  longiore  ;  antennis  in  media  facie  ad  l/3altitudinisorbitaruminsertis. 
Forma  capitis  de  latere  inspecti  elliptica,  inferne  truncata,  latitudine  sesquilongior, 
ccidis  ovatis  diametro  transverse  3/4  latitudinis  et  5/7  ccrum  dismetri  Iciigi- 
tudinalis  aequante  ;  genis  subtiliter  sulcatis.  Caput  de  supra  inspectum 
compressum,  diametro  longitudinali  1/4  transversi  haud  superante,  ocellis  sat 
magnis,  anteriore  lineae  posterioribus  tangenti  contiguo,  his  ab  orbitis  minus 
quam  inter  se  remotis  (proportione  7  :  10).  Superficies  lineis  elevatis  minute 
reticulata,  glabra,  areolis  fere  ubicumque  aequalibus,  fundo  nitidis,  infra  hneam 


176  XOVITATES    ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV.     1917. 

ocularem  et  super  tempera  tantum  elongatis  ;  strigis  clj'peum  parum  supe- 
rantibus. 

Scapus  rectus,  ocellum  anteriorem  attingens ;  annelli  aequales,  simul 
sumpti  dimidiam  pedicelli  longitudinem  aequantes  ;  articulus  primus  funiculi 
pedicello  inconspicue  longior,  sequentes  sensim  breviores,  parum  latiores,  ultimus 
5/8  longitudinis  primi  aequans,  vix  latitudine  .sua  longior.  C'lava  articulis  duobus 
praecedentibus  aequilonga,  paullum  latior. 

Thorax  latitudine  sesquilongior,  collari  angusto,  de  supra  inspccto  lateribus 
baud  parallelis  sed  fortiter  retro  convergentibus  et  cum  parte  antica  prcthoracis 
angulum  acutum  formantibus  ;  dorso  inter  scutum  et  scutellum  valde  depresso  ; 
scutello  quam  scuto  vix  breviore  et  quam  metanoto,  absque  dorsello,  duplo 
longiore.  Area  media  metanoti  cordiformis  late  truncata,  id  est  trapezoidalis 
angulis  anterioribus  rotundatis  ;  latitudine  sua  latior  proportione  5:3;  parte 
tertia  postica  nucham  formans  incerte  antrorsum  limitatam  ;  carina  vix  elevata  ; 
foveis  prope  dorselli  extremitates  rotundis,  magnis,  diametro  1/5  areae  latitudinis 
aequantibus  ;  plica  utriusquc  lateris  post  foveam  recto-lineari,  super  nuchas 
latus  desinente,  in  angulo  huius  anteriore  crj-ptam  profunda  excavatam  extus 
limitante.  Spiracula  magna,  elongata.  Superficies  dorsi  item  atque  capitis 
reticulata,  glabra  ;  metanoti  area  media  sculptura  magis  minuta  ;  episternum 
et  metapleura  nitida. 

Proalae  basi  glabrae,  cellula  costali  quam  nervo  marginali  longiore,  pro- 
portione 5  :  3,  pilis  uniseriatis,  nervo  postmarginali  2/3  huius  haud  superante, 
stigmatico  3/5  postmarginalis  et  1/2  marginalis  aequante,  speculo  extus  recte 
limitato,  pilis  marginis  apicalis  brevissimis. 

Coxae  posticae  ad  medium  lateris  posterioris  longe  piJosae. 

Abdomen  thoraci  cum  capite  aequilongum,  latitudine  4/5  thoracis  vix 
aequans,  basi  triquetrum  ;  de  supra  inspectum  elongate  ovato-acutum,  seg- 
mentis  2.  et  3.  aequalibus,  simul  sumptis  basali  convexo-marginato  aequilongis, 
segmentis  4.-6.  huic  subaequalibus  ;  apice  parce  pilosulo,  superficie  subnitida, 
sulcato-reticulata,  in  segmento  basali  tantum  laevi  et  magis  nitente. 

Long.  3  mm. 

Habitat.  Mahe  :  "  near  Morne  Blanc." 

Specimen  unicum. 

Gen.  Bruchobius  Ashmead. 
44.  Bruchobius  medius,  sp.  n. 

Femina.  Griseo-viridis,  metallica,  fere  chalcea,  capite  thoraceque  subnitidis, 
abdomine  fere  toto  obscuriore,  nitido  ;  oculis  obscure  rubris,  scapo,  pedicello 
annellisque  duobus  primis  griseo-luteis,  annello  ultimo,  funiculo  et  clava  brunntis, 
alarum  nervis  pallidis,  grisescentibus,  femoribus  brunneis,  genubus,  tibiis  tarsisque 
flavo-albidis,  his  artieulo  apicali  infuscato. 

Caput  magnum,  crassum,  thorace  paullum  latius,  antice  visum  rotundatum 
et  longitudine  5/6  latitudinis  aequans,  oculis  glabris,  antennis  in  media  facie 
paullum  supra  lineam  ocularem  insertis,  clypeo  truncato  ;  de  supra  inspectum 
duplo  latius  quam  in  medio  longius,  ocellis  in  angulum  acutum  dispositis,  externis 
inter  se  remotis  spatio  duplo  quam  distantia  ab  oculis,  hac  distantiae  ab  ocello 
anteriore  aequilonga  ;  de  latere  inspectum  vertice  aliquantulum  angustato, 
bene  rotundato,  facie  inferius  magis  elevata,  oculis    subelUpticis,   id  est   supra 


JSTOVITATES    ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV.     1917.  177 

et  infra  minus  late  curvatis  et  diametro  maiore  oblique  disposito,  hoc  lati- 
tudini  capitis  fere  aequali.  diametro  autem  transverse  3/5  longitudinalis  hand 
superante. 

Antennae  scapis  fere  contiguis,  rectis  ;  flagello  latitudinem  capitis  vix 
aequante  ;  annellis  tribus,  ultimo  duplo  latiore  quam  longiore  ;  funiculo  sat 
crasso  articulisque  sensim  latioribus,  primo  quam  pedicello  paullum  longiore, 
secundo  3/4  primi  baud  superante  et  pedicello  aequilorgo,  sexto  vix  latitudine 
longiore  ;  clava  articulis  duobus  praecedentibus  aequilonga  ;  articulorum  sensillis 
linearibus  paucis,  nusquam  pluriseriatis. 

Sculptura  dorsi  confertim,  profunde  et  sat  grosse  punctata,  super  meta- 
thoracem  item  atque  super  caput  magis  minuta,  punctis  etiam  minus  fortiter 
impre.ssis.     Pili  dorsi  et  capitis  breves,  rigidi.  albi. 

Thorax  robustus,  dorso  in  dimidio  anteriore  planiusculo,  collari  lato,  1/3 
longitudinis  scuti  attingente,  bene  discrete,  in  parte  media  baud  acute  marginato  ; 
sulcis  scapularum  non  ultra  2/3  scuti  longitudinis  extensis,  hoc  quam  latitudine 
sua  maxima  sesquibreviore  et  scutello  aequOongo  ;  freno  baud  discrete  ;  lati- 
tudine et  longitudine  scutelli  aequalibus  ;  metanoto  dimidiam  scutelli  longitu- 
dinem  paullum  superante,  carina  et  plicis  destitute,  feveolis  duabus  rotundatis 
parvis  at  satis  profundis  prope  dorselli  extremitatibus  excavatis  ;  nucha  parum 
prominente,  antice  impressione  laevi  incerta  limitata  ;  spiraculis  mediccribus 
latitudine  sesquilongioribus  ;  angulis  posticis  metathoracis  sat  longe  pilosis. 
Praesternum  parvum. 

Proalae  cellula  costali  cjuam  nerve  marginali  longiore,  propertione  4/3, 
hoc  et  postmarginali  incerte  limitate  subaequilongis.  stigmatice  quam  marginali 
fere  sesquibreviore,  proportiene  11  :  17,  clava  sat  magna  baud  rotundata  ter- 
minate ;  pilis  apicalibus  brevibus.  Alae  metathoracis  in  parte  basali  fortius 
angustatae,  latitudine  maxima  ad   1/3  longitudinis,  cellula  costali  lata. 

Abdomen  longitudinem  thoracis  cum  capite  aequans,  quam  thorax  minus 
latum,  de  supra  inspectum  evali-acutum,  segmento  basali  1/4  longitudinis 
fermante,  secundo  breviore,  tertio  primo  aequilongo,  quarto  et  quinto,  simul 
sumptis,  secundum  itemque  sextum  aequantibus.  Superficies  laevis,  nitida, 
in  segmento  sexto  tamen  reticulato-sulcata. 

Long.  1,9  mm. 

Habitat.  Mahe  :   Cascade  Estate. 

Specimen  unicum. 

Gen.  Micromelus  Walker. 
45.  Micromelus  affinis,  sp.  n. 

Mas.  Niger,  abdomine  cuprescente,  pedibus  cum  coxis,  scape,  pedicello 
anneUisque  flavis.  funiculo  et  clava  flavo-fuscis,  oculis  brunntis.  ocellis  pulchre 
rubris,  vertice  cyanescente-nigro,  facie  cum  genis  totis,  metanoto  abdominisque 
basi  obscure  viridibus,  alarum  nei-vis  flavo-griseis. 

Caput  magnum,  crassum,  thorace  latius,  ocuUs  glabris.  hand  prcminulis, 
dimidium  longitudinis  extensis,  de  latere  inspectis  subrotundis  ;  genis  perspicue 
sulcatis  ;  vertice  in  longitudinem  et  latitudinem  sat  curvate,  superne  vise  4/5 
latitudinis  capitis  aequante  ;  eceUis  in  angulum  obtusum  dispositis,  pesterioribus 
ab  anteriore  et  erbitis  aequo  spatio,  inter  se  spatio  duplo  quam  ab  orbitis, 
remetis  ;  occipite  concave,  baud  limitate. 

12 


178  NOVITATES    ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV.     1917. 

Flagellum  latitudinem  capitis  aeqiian.s  ;  pedicellus  latitudine  sua  fere  duplo 
longior  ;  annelli  tres  simul  siimpti  dimidiuni  pedicelli  vix  .«uperantes,  duo  primi 
aequales,  tertius  fere  duplo  lungior  ;  funiculi  articuli  quinque  pedicello  aequilongi 
et  latitudine  paullum  latiores,  sen.sillis  linearibus  pilisque  longis  instructi  ;  clava 
articulis  piaccedentibus  2i  aequilonga. 

Thorax  4/5  latitudinis  capitis  aequan.s,  de  latere  inspcctus  pronoto  sub- 
verticali,  scuto  atque  dorsello  in  eodem  piano  di.spo.^itis,  aequaliter  curvatis  ct 
aequilongis  ;  metanoto,  cum  nucha,  cpiani  his  baud  breviore  et  anguli  recti 
diniidium  declivitate  fonnante.  Prothorax  superne  inspectus  conico-obtruncatus, 
basis  latitudine  duplam  longitudinem  atquans  ;  margine  anteriore  angulo 
obtuse  in  medio  excavate  et  costis  duabus  parallelis  instructo  ;  collari  angusto, 
antice  recte  terminato.  margine  subacute.  Sulci  scapularcs  antice  tantum  in- 
dicate Metanotum  de  supra  inspcctum  triangulare,  apice  truncatum,  nucham 
tegularem  formans  a  reliqua  superficie  hand  discretam  ;  plicae  subtiles,  spiraculis 
proximae,  vix  censpicuae  ;  spiracula  minima,  oblonga,  a  postscutelle  paullum 
remota. 

Proalae  ncn'o  stigmatice  in  clavam  baud  parvam  desintnte,  quam  neivo 
marginali  sesquibreviore  (8  :  13),  hoc  et  postmarginali  aequilongis,  cellula  basali 
et  speculo  glabris,  margine  sat  longe  ciliato. 

Sculptura  capitis  et  dorsi  reticulata,  areolis  sat  magnis.  plerumque  regulariter 
hexagonis,  fere  ubicumcpie  acqualibus,  reticule  strigis  parum  elevatis,  in  lati- 
tudinem convexis,  formate.     Dorsum  setis  perpaucis  longis  instructum. 

Abdomen  longitudinem  capitis  cum  thorace  aequans,  huius  latitudinem 
vix  superans,  ovato-acuminatum,  segmcnto  basali  parvo  1/5  totius  longitudinis 
extenso,  nitido,  in  margine  postico  convexo,  segmentis  reliquis  transverse  reti- 
culatis,  3.-5.  aequalibus. 

Long.  1,45  mm. 

Hahitdt.  Silhouette  :  Mare  aiix  Cochons  plateau. 

Adii.  Haec  species  Micromdo  elonguio  Thorns,  peraffinis  videtur. 

iSpecimen  unicum. 


Gen.  Phaenacra  Forster. 
46.  Phaenacra  eurycephala,  sp.  n. 

Femina.  Capitc  thoraceqiie  uigris,  albo-pilosis,  abdomine  supra  brunneo- 
cuprescente,  in  segmcnto  basali  pallidiore  ;  oculis  rufo-brunncis  ;  pedibus, 
alarum  nervis.  scape  in  dimidio  apicali.  pedicello  annellisque  grisee-luteis,  .scapi 
dimidie  basali  albide  ;  funiculo  brunneo-luteo,  albo  pubescente,  clava  brunnta 
articulo  ultimo  pallido. 

Caput  magnum,  thorace  latius  proportione  S  :  5,  antice  visum  longitudine 
3/4  latitudinis  acquante,  facie  satis  cenvcxa,  vertice  late,  2/3  totius  latitudinis 
extense,  oculis  glabris,  haud  prominulis,  lirea  oculari  inferiore  paullum  infra 
medium  longitudinis  sita.  genis  fortiter  curvatis,  peristomie  parvo,  clj'peo  apico 
medio  inciso-bidentato  ;  de  latere  inspcctum  subcllipticum  longius  quam  latius 
proportione  7  :  4,  verfice  aliquantulum  angustato,  oculis  ovatis,  diametro  trans- 
verso  c[uam  lengitudinali  sesquibreviore.  genis  subtiliter  suleatis  ;  superne  visum 
longitudine  partis  mediae  1/3  latitudinis  aequante,  ocellis  in  angulum  obtusuni 
dispositis,  posterioribus  ab  anteriore  ct  oculis  aeque  distantibus.  inter  se  spatio 


NOVITATES    ZOOLOCICAE    XXIV.     1917.  1"9 

sesquilongiore  remotis,  vertice  hand  postice  limitato.  Superficies  in  dimidio 
inferiore  faciei  .strigulosa,  reliquo  spatio  sculptura  reticulata  parum  conspicua. 

Antennae  in  linea  oculari  insertae,  scapis  lincaribus  contiguis  ocellum  vix 
superantibus.  Flagellum  quam  latitude  capitis  paullum  brevior ;  pedicellus 
conicus.  duplo  longior  cj^uarn  latior  ;  annelli  subaequales  ;  funiculi  articuli  tres 
primi  aequilongi,  quam  pedicellus  vix  breviores,  gradatini  crassiores,  primus 
apicis  latitudine  pedicellum  baud  superans  ;  articuli  tres  ultimi  longitudine 
decrescentes.  sensim  crassiores,  sextus  quadratus  ;  clava  articulis  tribus  praece- 
dentibus  aequilonga,  suturis  vix  conspicuis. 

Thorax  brevis,  altus.  collari  marginato  ;  scutello  elevato,  aeque  lato  atque 
longo  ;  dorsello  foveola  punctiformi  in  utroque  latere  prope  eius  extremitates 
impressa,  a  metanoto  baud  costa  separate  ;  metanoto  sine  carina  nee  plicis,  in 
parte  media  antice  areolis  duabus  notato  rotundis,  depressis,  et  dorselli  extremita- 
tibus  contiguis,  postice  nucha  instructo  satis  magna  at  parum  prominente,  in 
utroque  latere  areolis  depressis  limitata.  Spiracula  par^^a.  subrotimda.  a  post- 
scutello  remota.  t'ollare  transverse  strigulosum  ;  sculptura  dorsi  fortiter 
impressa,  reticulato-punctata,  super  metanotum  areolis  dimidio  quam  in  scutello 
latioribus.     Pili  super  dorsum  sat  frequentes,  crassi,  longiusculi. 

Proalae  cellula  costali  quam  neivo  marginali  duplo  longiore,  nervo  stigmatico 
dimidium  marginalis  aequante,  nervo  postmarginali  incerte  terminato,  quam 
marginali  haud  breviorc,  speculo  sub  praestigmate  non  limitato. 

Coxae  posticae  parvae.  pilis  paucis  longis  in  latere  posteriore  instructae. 

Petiolus  transversus. 

Abdomen  longitudinem  thoracis  cum  capite  superans,  latitudinem  thoracis 
fere  aequans,  elongate  ovato-acutum,  segmento  basali  parvo  1/6  longitudinis 
occupante,  nitido,  in  margine  postico  convcxo,  segmentis  2.-5.  subaequalibus, 
fere  laevibus. 

Long.  2  mm. 

Habitat.  Anonymo  Island  ("a  cultivated  islet  near  Mahe"). 

Adn.  Hanc  speciem  generi  Phaenacrae  attribuendam  judicavi,  etsi  capitis 
latitudine,  illam  abdominis  superante,  et  proalarum  nervis.  a  Phaeruicra  nubigera 
Forst.,  quae  typus  est  generis,  differret.  Homojyjrvs  1  homs.,  Urielln  Ashm.,. 
nee  non  Tropidogastra  Ashm.,  Kurdjumowi  judicio  idem  sunt  atque  Phaenacra 
(Revue  riisse  (FEntom.  xiii.  1 91 3.  No.  1 .  p.  3).  Species  autem  quam  nunc  descripsi, 
a  typis  horum  generum  his  characteribus  praecipue  differre  videtur  :  ab  Homoporo 
[ulviventre  (Walk.)  capite  quam  thorace  latiore  et  clypeo  apice  inciso.  ab  Uriella 
rufipede  Ashm.  nervo  marginali  quam  stigmatico  longiore,  a  Tropidogastra 
arizonensi  Ashm.  metanoto  carina  instructo. 

Specimen  unicum. 

Gen.  Merallus,  n. 

Genus  Micromelo  et  Phaenacrae  intennedium,  ab  illo  nucha  fere  nulla 
distinguitur  ;  cliaracteres  eius  praecipui  sunt  flagellum  3-annulatum  stigmaque 
proalarum  crassuni.  Species  typica  habitu,  etiam  colore,  Phaenacrae  enrycephalae, 
quam  nuper  descripsi,  similis  est. 

47.  Merallus  pbaenacroides,  sp.  n.  (figs.  40,  41). 
Species  praecedenti  haud  congener,  habitu  et  colore  similis,  sed  alarum  clava 
conspicua  antennisque  in  femina  triannulatis  facile  distinguenda. 


180  NOVrTATES    ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV.     1917. 

Femina.  Nigra,  abdominis  leniter  cupre.scentis  basi  cum  metanoto  nigro- 
viridibus.  pilis  albis  ;  oculis  bninneo-riifis.  scapo,  pedicello  et  clava  fere  tota 
griseo-luteis,  funiculo  lutescenti-bninneo,  griseo-pilosulo  ;  femoribus  fusci.s, 
tibiis  pallide  flavis  versus  apicem.  cum  tarsis,  albis,  his  apice  infuscatis  ;  alarum 
nervis  flavo-griseis. 

Caput  thoracem  latitudine  superans.  liac  quaui  longitudine  sua  paullum 
maiore  :  oculis  glabris  parum  prominulis,  dimidio  fere  loiigitudinis  extensis,  de 
latere  inspectis  supra  et  infra  minus  rotundatis  ;  facie  convexa.  antennis  mox 
supra  dimidium  huius  insertis.  Unea  oculari  inferiore  1/3  capitis  longitudinis 
ab  ore  remota  :  ocelli'<  in  angulum  obtusuni  dispositis,  externis  ab  anteriorc 
paullum  minus  quam  ab  oculis  remotis.  inter  se  spatio  duplo  quam  distantia  ab 
oculis.  Longitude  capitis  supeme  inspecti  3/8  latitudinis  in  medio  aequans. 
Superficies  sculptura  reticulata  conspicua,  elj^peo  tantum  strigoso. 

Seapus  ocellum   anteriorem   vix   superans  ;     flagellum   latitudinem   capitis 

aequans,  piUs  longiusculis.  Annelli  tres 
simul  sumpti  quam  pedicellus  vix  breviores. 
duo  primi  subaequales,  tertius  fere  duplo 
longior.  Articulus  primus  funiculi  pedicello 
paullum  latior  at  fere  duplo  longior.  articuli 
Fio.  io.-MeraUus  phaenacroide,,  ?.         gequentes  gradatim  curtantes  et  crassiores. 

Antennae  pars  (X  130j.  ,    .  ,  ^, 

ultimus  quadratus.  Clava  exsiccata  com- 
pressa,  quam  articulus  primus  funiculi  nonnihil  longior.  quam  praeclava  latior 
et  dupla  longitudine. 

Thorax  hand  brevis,  latitudine  3/4  capitis  hand  superans,  collari  valde  angusto 
sed  bene  discreto,  metathorace  carina  et  plicis  destituto,  nucha  fere  nulla,  baud 
prominente.  collare  parvura  formante,  metanoti  areolis  rotundis  prope  dorselli 
extremitates  leniter  impressis  et  limite  incerto.  .spiraculis  parvis  parum  elongatis. 
Mesothoracis  dorsum  lineis  elevatis  crassis  reticulum  formantibus,  quam  in 
capite  magis  conspicuum  ;  metathorax  reticulo Uneis elevatis  subtilibus insculptus. 
Prothoracis  collare  punctulatum.     Pili  super  dorsum  rari,  crassi,  longiusculi. 

Proalae  nervo  marginali  3/4  cellulae  costalis  aequante.  postmarginali  eadem 
proportione    quam    marginali   breviore,  c[uam  stig- 
matico  duplo  loneiore,  hoc  clava  sat  magna,  baud 
rotundata.  terminato. 


Abdomen    triquetrum.    longitudinem    thoracis 
cum    capite    aequans,     latitudine    quam    thoracis        Fig.  i\.—MeraUus  phaena- 
minore,  de  supra  inspectum  elongate  ovato-acutum,  '"^'"  '"'  *' 

^  ^  ®  Proalae  nervi  (x  43). 

segmento  primo  1/5  longitudinis  paullum  superante, 

2.    et    3.    aequalibus    simul    suniptis    primo   aequilongis,    relicjuis   longioribus. 

Superficies  transverse  reticulata. 

Long.  2  mm. 

Mas.  Niger  vel  nigro-viridis,  metathoracis  partibus  quibusdam  aliisque 
saepe  auratis,  abdominis  segmento  basali  in  medio  dorso  flavido.  clava  funiculo 
concolori,  tibiis  pro  parte  infuscatis.  Flagellum  longum,  thoracem  cum  capite 
longitudine  fere  aequans,  pilis  longis  instructum.  articulorum  latitudini  subac- 
quaUbus.  Pedicellus  brevis  ;  annelU  duo,  parvi  ;  funiculi  articulus  primus  quam 
pedicellus  triplo  longior.  baud  latior.  articuli  sequentes  sensim  breviores  et 
crassiores,  sextus  dimidiam  primi  longitudinem  vix  superans  et  latitudine  paullum 
maior  ;  clava  articulo  hoc  duplo  longior.     Abdomen  thorace  paullum  brevius, 


NOVITATES    ZOOLOOICAE    XXIV.    1917.  181 

lateribus  vix  curvatis,  latitudine  maxima  cvideiittr  post  medium  sita,  segniento 
basali  1/3  Iongitudini.s  formante. 

Long.  1,47-1,5  mm. 

Habitat.  Mahe  :    Cascade,  "  all  from  cultivated  country  near  sea-level." 

Specimina  tria  SS-  unum  2. 

Gen.  Notoglyptus,  n. 

Hoc  novum  genus  etiam  in  Italia  occurrit.  Specimina  duo,  utraque 
masculina,  observavi,  aspectii  valde  similia,  at  speciebus  diversis  pertinentia, 
quorum  alterum  in  Liguria  a  dominis  Bensa  et  Solari  inventum,  alterum 
.seychellense,  in  Insula  Mahe  captum.  Huius  faciei  formam,  genas.  clypeum 
atque  thoracis  latera  examinare  non  potui  et  in  descriptione  praetermisi, 
quare  .species  italica,  mihi  melius  cognita,  generis  typus  erit  ;  ab  ea 
genericam  diagnosim  deducam.  Quae  haec  est  :  Caput  vertice  lato,  ocellis 
in  angulum  obtusum  dispositis,  genis  in  dimidio  inferiore  excavatis,  ore 
angusto,  clj'pei  margine  prominente,  integro,  mandibulis  validis  (sinistra 
3-dentata  ?)  acute  ac  longe  dentatis,  maxillarum  palpis  normalibus  ;  fiagello 
sat  longe  pilosulo.  Thorax  pronoti  collar!  acute,  _scutello  pone  axUIarum  suturas 
alveoUs  nonnullis,  medio  dorso  fovea  elliptica,  juxta  freni  suturam  foveoUs 
numerosis  transversim  subseriatis,  excavate  ;  dorselle  transversim  sulcato  ; 
metanoto  carina  et  plicis,  rectis,  subparallelis  instructe  ;  .spiraculis  rotundis  a 
postscutello  parum  remotis ;  mesosterno,  mesefimero  ac  metapkura  haud 
laevibu  :.  Proalae  nervo  basali  parce  pubescente.  nervo  marginal!  tenui,  post- 
marginali  quam  stigmatico  duple  longiore.  Petiolus  elongatus  coxas  superans, 
reticulo  minute  insculptus,  huius  areolis  elongatis.  Abdomen  segmentis  post 
secundum  retractis.  Genus  Cry ptoprymno  valde  proximum,  at  scapuUs  sicut  in 
Merismo  plane  discretis  et  scutelli  alveoUs  foveisque  bene  distinctum. 

Specierum  huic  generi  pertinentium  mares  ita  distinguas  : 

N.  niger — S  :  niger,  funiculi  articulis  omnibus  elongatis,  prime  latitudine 
duple-,  ultimo  sesquilongiore  ;  metanoto  inter  carinam  et  plicas  aequaliter 
insculpte  ; 

N.  viresce7is — cJ  :  obscure  viridi-aeneus,  thoracis  feveis,  petiole  abdemineque 
nigris ;  funiculi  articulo  prime  latitudine  sesquilongiore  ;  metanoto  inter 
carinam  et  plicam  utriusque  lateris  area  rotundata  specular). 

48.  Notoglyptus  virescens,  sp.  n.  (figs.  42,  43). 

Mas.  Obscure  viridi-aeneus,  his  partibus  etiam  obscurieribus,  fere  nigris  : 
capite  praeter  tempera,  genas  et  zenam  juxta  marginem  anteriorem  erbitae, 
mesoscuto  praeter  zonas  marginales.  axillulis  foveis  alveelisque  omnibus  dorsi 
metanoto  praeter  aream  subnitidam  inter  carinam  et  plicam,  utriusque  lateris  : 
foveis  alveelisque  omnibus  dorsi  et  abdomine  cum  petiole  nigris.  Oculi  rufe- 
brunnei  ;  antennaruni  .scapus,  mandibulae,  tegulae  et  alarum  nervi.  pallide 
flavo-grisei  ;    flagellum  flavo-fuscum  ;    pedes  cum  coxis  lutei. 

Caput  sat  magnum,  crassum,  thoracis  latitudinem  vix  superans,  antice 
visum  oculis  haud  prominuhs,  glabris,  2/3  eius  longitudinis  extensis,  facie  leniter 
convexa,  antennis  in  Hnea  oculari  insertis  ;  de  supra  inspectum  diametre  lengi- 
tudinali  dimidium  transvcrsi  fere  aequante,  vertice  subplano  postice  haud 
marginato,  ocellis  in  angulum  ebtusissimum  dispositis,  externis  inter  se  pauUum 


IS'2  XOVITATES    ZoOtOOICAE    XXIV.     1017. 

magis  quam  ab  oculis  remotis  ;  de  latere,  oVatiim,  inferne  truncatum,  tenipori- 
bus  genisque  latis,  his  carina  obliqua  divisis  ex  parte  inferiore  orbitae  retrorsiim 
decurrente,  oculis  latitiidine  sesquilongioribus,  forma  etiani  cvata,  at  in 
dimidio  inferiore  postice  recte  marginatis.  Superficies  capitis  lineis  subtilibus 
reticulata,  zona  juxta  marginera  anteriorem  orbitae,  temporibus  genisque,  fere 

laevibus.  Antennae  sat  longae  atque 
tenues  ;  scapo  subreeto  ocellum  hand 
superante  ;  flagello  thoraci  aequilongo. 
pilis  longitudine  articulos  funiculi 
aequantibus  ;  pedicello  latitudine  sua 
fere  duplo  longiore  ;  annellis  duobus. 
aequalibus,  simul  sumptis  quam  arti- 
culo  sequente  dimidio  brevioribus  ;  hoc 

Fig.  42. — Notonh/ptus  vinscctia,  (?.  ,.      „.    i    ...      i.  ,,  , 

\.iit   mi    jars  (<  1311)  pedicelh  latitudinem  paullo  superante 

eiu.^que  longitudine  paulluni  minore ; 
reliquis  funiculi  articulis  sensim  brevioribus,  at  sensini  crassioribus,  ultimo  sub- 
quadrato  ;    clava  articulis  praecedentibus  2|  aequilonga. 

Thorax  superne  inspectus  proncto  duplo  latiore  quam  longiore,  coUari  in 
medio  dorsi  valde  angusto,  antice  recte  marginato  ;  mesoncti  parte  pracaxillari 
brevi,  triplo  latiore  quam  longiore.  scapulis  plane  discretis,  triangularibus  fere 
aequilateris  ;  scuto  antice  duplo  quam  postice  latiore  ;  scutello  quam  scuto 
duplo  longiore,  latitudine  sua  sesquibreviore  ;  axillis  fere  ccntiguis  et  axilhilis 
magnis,  his  propc  alae  metathoracis  radiculam  mucronem 
conspicuum  formantibus  ;  dorsello  lineari  transverso  ; 
metanoti  parte  media  scuto  aequilonga,  postice  in  nucham 
obtruncatam  produeta,  medio  obtuse  carinata,  lateribus 
plicis  limitata  fere  totis  reetis  et  in  tertio  posteriore 
tantum  curvatis  ;  spiracuUs  rotundis  a  post.scutello  et 
plicis  satis  remotis  ;  eallo  parce  at  longe  pilosulo.  Prc- 
notum  transverse  strigulosum,  reliquum  dorsum  reticu- 
latum.  certis  locis  alveolis  subquadratis  vel  foveis rotundis 
excavatum.  Areolae  reticuli  super  scutellum  et  scutum  Fig.  43. — Noiogli/ptua 
maiores.   in  hoc   lineis  elevatis,  prope  margines   tamcn 

^        *  _  *^  Thoracis  dorsum  cum  cons 

minus  conspicuis,  salientibus,  determinatae.     Sulci  sea-  posticis  it  petioio  (x  45). 

pulares    serie   singula   alveolorum   impressa.     Scutellum 

nitens,  basi  alveolis  sex  excavatum,   quorum  duo  median!  minores.  in  limbo 

apicali  arcuato  et  in  linea  frenuin  limitante  foveis  impressum  contiguis,  seriatis. 

Pars  media  metanoti  reticulo  insculpta  ex  lineis  elevatis,  sicut  super  scutum, 

formato. 

Proalae  longitudine  corpus  cum  capite  aequantes,  liaud  latae.  basi  fere 
omnino  glabrae,  rcliquo  spatio  paice  pubescentes,  a  pice  sat  Icnge  ciliatae  ;  cellula 
co.stali  in  margine  glabra,  in  superficie  angusta  pilis  uniseriatis  ;  cellula  basali 
postice  tantum  pilorum  serie  limitata  ;  speculo  non  infra  nervum  marginalem 
extenso  ;  hoc  dimidio  quam  cellula  costali  breviore  et  ner\-o  postmarginali  fere 
aequilongo,  .stigmatico  dimidium  postmarginalis  aequante.  Alae  metathoracis 
angustae,  cellula  costali  basalem  non  superante,  nervo  marginali  sat  lato,  pilis 
marginis  po.stici  dimidiae  alarum  latitudini  subaequalibus. 

Pedes  long!,  baud  robusti.  Coxae  posticae  metanoto  paullum  breviores, 
pilis  paueis  longis  ornatae. 


XOVITATES    ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV.     !r»17.  Ig3 

Petiolus  coxas  longitudine  aequans,  ncque  propter  insertionem  superans, 
cylindricus,  latitudine  sua  dupio  longior,  superficie  minute  granulosa. 

Abdomen  breve,  obtruncatuni,  de  supra  inspectum  forma  semielliptica, 
de  latere  paullum  depressum,  segmentis  post  basale  retractis  et  apiculum  vix 
prominens  formantibus.  Segment!  basalis  longitude  distantiam  ab  extreme 
anteriore  thoracis  usque  ad  scutelli  frenum  fere  aequans,  latitude  spatio  hoc 
parum  minor.     Marge  posticus  leniter  concavus,  superficies  laevis,  nitida. 

Long.  1,4  mm. 

Habitat.  Mahe  :    ■'from  marshes  on  the  coastal  plain  near  Anse  Reyalc." 

Specimen  unicum. 

Gen.  Sphegigastrella,  n. 
Hoc  genus  subtribui  Sphegigasterinorum  (recte  Sphecigasterinorum)  adscribere 
licet.  Eius  characteres  praecipui  hi  sunt  :  flagellum  annellis  tribus,  tertio,  in 
maribus,  quam  .secundo  perspicue  maiore  ;  articuli  quinquc  funiculi  elongati ; 
clava  3-articulata  ;  sulcus  scapularis  in  1/3  pestico  obsoletus ;  scutellum  freno 
baud  discreto,  hoc  in  parte  eius  extrema  ac  verticali  quaerende ;  metathorax 
carina  et  plicis  destitutus,  spiraculis  ellipticis  ;  petiolus  in  feminis  coxis  posticis 
brevier,  in  maribus  aequilongus  :  abdomen  elengatum,  segmento,  basali  quam 
ceteris  hand  longiere.  Genus  a  Sphegigastro  praecipue  dift'ert  articule  quinto 
annuliformi,  genis  hand  cempressis,  petiole  quam  coxis  posticis  nen  longiore, 
segmento  abdoniinali  secundo  quam  prime  minere  ;  Eimjdinotomorphae  Giraulti 
aflfine  videtur. 

49.  Sphegigastrella  longigastra,  sp.  n. 
Femina.  Obscure  viridis,  metanoti  parte  media  nigra  ;  oculis  rubris  ;  flagello 
et  alarum  nervis  brunneis  ;    scape,  tegulis  pedibusque  praeter  coxas,  interdum 
etiam  his  apice,  obscure  luteis,  vel  rufescenti-luteis,  femoribus  posticis  obscuri- 
oribus  ;    proaHs  hj-alinis  vel  infuscatis. 

Caput  therace  latius  preportione  3/2,  longitudine  sua  proporticne  7:5; 
antice  visum  vertice  arcuate,  oculis  sat  magnis  3/5  faciei  longitudinis  extensis, 
glabris  ;  genis  fortiter  curvatis ;  cl3'pee  medio  bidentate,  haud  discrete ; 
antennis  supra  lineam  ocularem  in  media  facie  insertis,  radiculis  spatio  inter  se 
remetis  quam  oculerum  prominentia  sesquibreviere.  Vertex  teres,  ab  occipite 
haud  separatus,  ocellis  magnis,  anteriore  lineae  posterioribus  tangenti  contigue, 
his  spatio  ab  orbitis  rcmotis  quam  distantia  inter  eos  intercedente  sesquilongiere. 
Forma  capitis  de  latere  elliptica  inferne  truncata,  oculis  late  ovatis  diametro 
transverse  4/5  lengitudinalis  aequante  ;  genis  sulcatis,  teretibus.  Superficies 
fere  tota  minute  reticulata  ;    clypeus  radiatim  subtiliter  strigulesus. 

Antennae  tenues,  scapo  tenui,  recto,  ocellum  anterierem  haud  superante, 
flagello  capitis  latitudini  fere  aequilengo.  Pedicellus  duple  longior  quam  latier  ; 
annelli  tres  simul  sumpti  dimidiam  pedicelli  lengitudinem  paullo  superantes, 
1.  et  2.  aequales,  duple  latiores  quam  lengieres,  tertius  vix  maier  ;  articuli 
quinque  funiculi  pedicelli  lengitudinem  et  latitudinem  paullum  superantes  fere 
duple  longiores  quam  latiores  ;  clava  articulis  duobus  praecedenfibus  fere  aequi- 
lorga.  haud  latior,  apice  haud  acute,  articulis  basali  et  apicali  longitudine 
aequalibus,  intermedio  quam  his  parum  longiore. 

Thorax  capitis  longitudine  fere  duplo  longior.  prothorace  sat  m.agne,  sub- 
conico,  antice  in  articulatione  capitis  marginato-limbato,  collari  discreto,  angusto, 


184  Nov:tates  Z00L031CAE  XXIV.  1917, 

antrorsum  declivi  et  margine  hand  promincnte  :  sulcis  scajnilariim  in  1/3  postica 
non  elongatis.  abnipte  terniinatis  ;  scutelli  freno  hand  discrcto  ;  metanoto 
scutello  aequilongo,  carina  ct  plicis  destitiito,  prope  dorselli  cxtremitates 
laterales  fovea  sat  magna  oblique  elliptica,  postice  baud  limitata,  impresso  ; 
nucha  angusta,  callo  parce  pilosulo,  spiraculis  ellipticis.  Mesonoti  pars  prae- 
axillaris  item  atque  scutellum  lineis  elevatis  conspicne  reticulata,  aieolis  regu- 
lariter  polygonis  ;  sculptura  axillarum  et  metathoracis  prrpe  sulcum  spiracuJi 
fere  obsoleta,  in  parte  media  metanoti  usque  ad  nucham  concinne  alveolata. 

Proalae  in  parte  tertia  basali  fere  omnino  glabrae,  reliquo  spafio  confertim 
pubescentes,  speculo  distincto,  nervo  marginali  tenui,  diniidium  ceilulae  ccstalis 
longitudine  aequante.  postmarginali  paulium  breviore.  leniter  ciirvato.  stig- 
matico  quam  hoc  dimidio  breviore,  versus  apicem  sen.sim  dilatato  it  clava  baud 
determinata,  pilis  marginis  brevibus.  Alae  metathoracis  cellula  costali  usque 
ad  hamulos  limbo  angustissimo  producta. 

Coxae  posticae  pyriformes,  modice  elongatae,  pilis  brevibus  in  latere 
anteriore  ornatae.  in  dimidio  apicali  lateris  posterioris  longe  pilosae. 

Petiolus  metanoto  parum  brevier,  2/3  coxarum  longitudinis  vix  attingens, 
basi  angustus,  medio  globosus  et  fere  laevis,  in  tertio  postico  subcylindricus, 
transverse  strigulosus  ;  de  supra  inspectus  duplo  longior  quam  latior,  de  latere 
in  dorso  sinuatus  et  inferne  leniter  convexus. 

Abdomen  subfusiforme,  valde  elongatum,  duplam  thoracis  longitudinem 
aequans,  latitudinem  baud  superans,  segmento  basali  1/5  longitudinis  extenso, 
margine  postico  convexo,  quinto  conico  et  duobus  praecedentibus  fere  aequilongo  ; 
superficie  minute  reticulata,  areolis  transversis,  in  segmentis  tantuni  primo  et 
.secundo  laevi,  nitida  ;   terebra  baud  prominente. 

Long.  3,5-4  mm. 

Mas  abdomine,  interdum  etiam  thorace,  nigro-viridibus  vel  nigris,  coxis 
posticis  concoloribus  vel  item  atque  femoribus  lutescenti-brunneis  ;  annellis 
1.  et  2.  aequalibus,  3.  conspicue  maiore,  aeque  longo  atque  lato,  annulos  prae- 
cedentes  longitudine  aequante,  quam  articulo  primo  funiculi  dimidio  breviore  ; 
hoe  quam  pedicello  paulium  magis  et  latitudine  sua  duplo  longiore  ;  articulis 
sequentihus  bene  discretis,  sensim  brevioribus,  idtimo  latitudinem  parum 
longitudine  superante,  omnibus  sat  longe  pilosis  ;  clava  articulis  duobus  prae- 
cedentibus vix  longiore  ;  proalis  apice  minus  breviter  ciliatis  ;  peduneulo  sub- 
cylindrico  metanoto  et  coxis  posticis  aequilongo,  harum  apicem  propter  meta- 
thoracis prominentiam  superante  ;  abdomine  angusto,  usque  ad  segmentum 
septimum  elongate  triangulari,  longitudine  thoraccm  cum  peduneulo  fero 
aequante,  latitudine  maxima  prope  apicem  2/3  thoracis  attingentc.  Long.  2-3 
mm. 

Habitat.  Silhouette  :  JIarc  aux  C'ochons  plateau  et  foresta  super  huno 
locum. — JIahe  :  "  near  Morne  Blanc,  including  specimens  from  the  high  forest 
cf  Morne  Pilot,  at  about  2,000  ft.  ;  Cascade  Estate,  1,000  ft." 

Specimina  duo  ??,  quinque  33. 

50.  Sphegigastrella  flavipes,  sp.  n. 

Species  praecedenti  similis,  sed  miner,  petiolo  pedibusque  totis  luteis  prae- 
cipuc  distinguenda. 

Femhm.  Capite  thoracecpie  griseo-viridibus,  nitidis  ;   vertice  viridi-aeneo  ; 


XOVITATES    ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV.     1917.  ]85 

oculis  rubris  ;  antennis  flavo-griseis  praeclava  et  clava  fuscis,  vcl  etiam  scapo 
obscure  luteo  et  flagello  brunneo-luteo,  clava  vix  obscuriore  ;  pedibus  cuiu 
coxis  et  abdominis  petiolo  luteo-rufis  vel  luteis  ;  abdomine  pallida  brunneo, 
leniter  viridi-  et  cupreo-nitente  ;   alis  plu.s  minus  infuscatis,  nervis  griseis. 

Caput  quam  in  specie  pracedente  paullum  latius,  thoracem  latitudine 
superans  proportions  7  :  5.  Oculi  ex  latere  inspccti  ovato-rotundati,  diametro 
longitudinal!  ac  transverso  subaequalibus. 

Annellus  tertius  praecedentibus  manifeste  maior.  Funiculus  articulis  minus 
attenuatis,  sensim  paullo  brevioribus-longioribus,  ultimo  fere  quadrato  ;  clava 
quam  articulis  duobus  praecedentibus  aliquantulum  longiore  atque  latiore. 

Sculptura  dorsi  sicut  in  specie  praecedente,  sed  areolis  maioribus  harumque 
fundo  nitido  ;  metanotum  in  parte  media  fere  tota  grosse  alveolatum,  prope 
sulcum  spiraculi  utrinque  fere  laeve,  nitens. 

Proalae  pubescentia  minus  conferta,  apice  sat  longe  ciliatae,  nervo  mar- 
ginali  quam  cellula  costali  sesquibreviore,  postmarginali  3/4  marginalis  aequante, 
quam  stigmatico  longiore  proportione  5  :  3,  hoc  quam  nervo  marginali  fere 
dimidio  breviore. 

Coxae  posticae  magis  elongatae,  metanotum  aequantes. 

Petiolus  coxas  baud  superans,  his  fere  sesquibrevior,  antice  tantum  paullum 
attenuatus. 

Abdomen  thoracis  longitudinem  et  4/5  huius  latitudinis  fere  aequans,  ad 
medium  latissimum. 

Long.  2  mm. 

Mas  differt  pilis  flagellum  ornantibus  articulis  aequilongis,  petiole  coxas 
postieas  paullo  superante,  longitudine  quintuplam  latitudinem  aequante, 
abdomine  latitudine  maxima  post  medium  longitudinis  sita. 

Habitat.  Mahe,  Silhouette,  Praslin,  variis  locis.  "  Mahe  :  from  cultivated 
land  at  about  1,000  ft.,  and  from  endemic  forest  of  rather  stunted  '  Capucin  ' 
(Northea)  trees  on  summit  of  '  Montagne  Anse  Major  '  at  about  2,000  ft. — 
Silhouette,  from  high  endemic  forests." 

Adn.  Huic  speciei  etiam  attribuenda  videntur  specimina  quinque  masculina 
(quorum  duo  statura  minima),  petiolo  cum  coxis  posterioribus  et  femore  postico 
brunneis  vel  flavo-griseis. 

Specimina  plurima. 

Gen.  Pachycrepis  Forster. 
51.  Pachycrepis  spilopterus,  sp.  n.  (fig.  44). 

Femina.  Obscure  viridis,  facie  et  propectore,  auratis  ;  scape  cum  pedicello 
luteis,  funiculo  et  clava  fuscis  ;  oculis  nigris  ;  pedibus  cum  coxis  etiam  luteis, 
his  posticis  basi  extus  virescente  ;  tegulis  obscure  luteis,  proalis  nervis  flavo- 
griseis  et  macula  magna  prope  stigma  nigra  ;    abdomine  nigro-cyaneo. 

Caput  magnum,  thorace  latius  proportione  9:7;  antice  visum  longitudine 
7/10  latitudinis  vix  aequans,  forma  fere  trapezoidali,  vertice  convexo,  genis 
rectis,  sat  longis ;  de  latere  inspectum  longitudine  et  latitudine  subaequalibus, 
oculis  rotundatis,  genis  fovea  magna  triangulari  fere  totis  excavatis.  Clypeus 
interne  baud  limitatus,  in  margine  exteriore  triarcuatus,  sLnu  medio  aliis  parum 
angustiore.  Mandibulae  magnae,  dentibus  aeutis,  externo  maximo,  sinistra  4-, 
dextra  3-dentata  (?).     Ocelli  in  angulum  obtusum  dispositi,  externi  spatio  inter 


186  NOVITATES    ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV.    1017. 

se  remoti    quam   ab    oculis   sesquibreviore.     Superficies   faciei   tota    piinctato- 
reticulata,  verticis  minute  reticulata. 

Antennae  paullum  supra  lineam  ocularcm  in  medio  faciei  insertae,  retrfr.^um 
flsxae  metanotum  attingentcs  ;  scapo  verticem  valde  superante  ;  pcdicello 
latitudine  paullum  longiore,  basi  vix  constricto  ;  annellis  brevissimls,  primo 
minimo  ;  funiculi  articulis  elongatis,  pedunculo  brevissimo  coniunctis.  pilisque 
eorum  latitudinem  fere  aequantibus  ornatis  :  articulo  primo  fere  duplo  quam 
pedicello  longiore  et  latitudine  sua  ncnnihil  longiore,  articulis  sequentibus  grada- 
tim  paullum  brevioribus  ac  latioribus,  sexto  vix  longiore  quam  latiore  ;  clava 
elongate  ovata.  articulis  duobus  praecedentibus  baud  crassiore  et  parum  longiore, 
quam  articulo  primo  funiculi  sesquilongiore.  suturis  aequaliter  tripartita. 

Thorax  brevis,  altus  ;  dorso  valde  curvato,  item  atque  capitis  vertice  rcticu- 
lato,  super  metanotum  reticulo  fortius  insculpto  ;  collar!  angusto,  antice  acute 
niarginato  ;  scutello  antice  zona  fere  plana,  angusta,  limitato,  freno  vix  dis- 
creto  ;   metanoto  tecti  instar  in  longitudinem  plicato,  juxta  dorselli  extremitates 

fovea  incerte  limitata,  hand  profunda,  impresso  ; 
calli  fimbria  fere  nulla. 

Proalae  nervo  marginali  et  stigmatico  aequi- 
longis,  1/3  costae  aequantibus,  nervo  postmar- 
ginali  quam  his  fere  duplo  longiore. 

Pedes     postici    coxis     laminato-compressis, 
ovatis.  pilis  fere  omnino  dcstitutis. 
Fig.  4i.—Pachycrepi3  Petiolus  aeque  longus  atque  latus. 

apilopterus,  (J.  Abdominis    latitude    i/3    thoracis    aequans, 

rro:.ia  (x  2.)-  longitudo  huic  subaequaUs. 

Long.  1.5  mm. 
Mas  facie    magis    aurata,   flagello  longius    pilosulo,   abdominis   segmento 
primo,  sive  postpetiolo,  lineari.  brunnec-lutto.  duplani  crxarum    longitudinem 
aequante. 

Habitat.  Mah^  :  "  Mare  aux  C'oclions  district,  and  countrv  above  Port 
Glaud." 

Specimina  duo  59,  unum  <J. 

Gen.  Dipara  Walker. 
52.  Dipaia  nifescens,  sp.  n. 

Femina.  Capite  nigro,  oculis  concoloribus,  facie  inferne  saepe  testacea, 
corpore,  cum  coxis,  testaceo-rufo  et  pro  parte  nigro,  interdum  fere  toto  rufo  vel 
brunneo  ;  pedibus  flavo-rufis,  tarsis  pallidioribus  apice  fuseis,  alls  leniter  grise- 
scentibus  vel  griseo-fuscis,  nerv'is  flavo-griseis,  antennarum  scapo  obscure  luteo, 
flagello  interdum  concolore,  plerumque  fusco. 

Caput  thorace  latius  proportione  8  :  7,  antice  visum  Icngitudine  5/6  lati- 
tudinis  aequans,  vertice  convexo  inter  ocellos  posteriores  magis  elevato.  ocello 
medio  mox  supra  lineam  oeularem  sito,  oculis  glabris  minus  quam  2/3  longi- 
tudinis  extensis  ;  linea  oculari  inferiore  2/7  capitis  longitudinis  ab  ore  rtmota; 
hoc  baud  lato  ;  genis  fortiter  curvatis  ;  clypeo  subquadrato  in  margine  cxterno 
integro  ;  facie  supra  clypeum  mcdice  elevala  ;  antennis  paullum  supra  lineam 
oeularem  paullunique  sub  medium  faciei  insertis.  efd«m  fere  spatio  inter  se 
quam  ab  orbita  remotis.     Vertex  de  supra  inspcctus  3/4  lalitudinis  cccupans, 


XOVITATES    ZoOLOniCAE    XXIV.     1017.  187 

antrorsum  leniter  declivis,  postice  indistincte  marginatus,  tamen  angulum  fere 
rectum  cum  occipite  formans  ;  hoc  linea  circulari  foramen  includente  satis 
clevata,  superficie  plana,  verticali.  Ocelli  sat  magni,  in  triangulum  rectangu- 
larem  dispositi.  externi  ab  anteriore  atque  orbitis  aequo  spatio  renioti,  margini 
oecipitali  contigui.  Forma  capitis  de  latere  duplo  longior  quam  latior,  postice 
linea  recta  limitata,  antice  fere  aequaliter  curvata,  orbita  latitudine  sua  parum 
longiore,  ovato-elliptica  ;  genis  sulcatis.  Scrcbes  latae  sed  interne  tantum 
impressae,  hand  profundae.  Mandibula  dextra  acute  tridentata.  Superficies 
capitis  minute  reticulatc-sulcata,  setis  nonnullis  super  verticem  longis  ; 
eminentia  infra  antennarum  insertionem  et  clypcus  fere  laeves,  subnitidi. 

Antennae  longae,  retrorsum  fiexae  ad  medium  petioli  productae ;  scapo 
recto  ocellum  anteriorem  vix  attingentc  ;  pedicello  quam  scapo  haud  latiorc, 
latitudine  sesquilongiore  ;  annello  baud  conspicuo  ;  articulis  septem  funiculi 
aequalibus,  primo  pedicellum  latitudine  aequante,  omnibus  bene  discretis,  pilis 
dimidiam  latitudinem,  sensillis  fere  totam  longitudinem  aequantibus  ;  clava 
triarticulata,  articulis  praecedentibus  2i  aequilonga. 

Thorax  brevis,  haud  robustus,  fere  gibbosus,  latitudine  longior  proportione 
11:7,  prothorace,  scuto,  scutello  et  metanoto  fere  aequUongis  ;  collari  magno 
longitudine  latiore  proportione  5  :  3,  antice  haud  marginato.  lateribus  rectis  ; 
scuto  aeque  longo  atque  lato,  antice  quadruple  quam  in  latere  postico  latiore  ; 
sulcis  scapularum  fortiter  impressis,  leniter  sinuatis,  cum  axillarum  extremitate 
contiguis  ;  scutello  ovato,  convexo,  latitudine  sua  sesquilongiore,  sutura  freni 
paullum  pone  medium  longitudinis  sita  ;  metanoto  plus  minus  distincte  carinato, 
superficie  rugoso-costata,  apice  truncato,  spiraculis  parvis,  fere  rctundis,  a 
postscutello  parum  remotis.  C'ollus  transverse  concinne  striatus  ;  suj  t  rficies 
dorsi  minute  sulcato-reticulata,  areolis  inaequalibus,  ad  medium  scutelli  ct  super 
axillas  minimis,  foveolis  rotundis  nonnullis,  setas  longas  ferentibus,  sparse 
excavatis.  Frenum  in  longitudinem  striatum.  Praesternum  sat  magnum, 
antice  recte  angulatum,  inferne  productuni.  fere  laeve  ;  mesosternum  eonfertim 
alveolato-punctatum  ;  mesopleura  et  collaris  latera  transverse  strigulosa  ;  meta- 
pleura  triangularis,  reticulata. 

Proalae  abdomen  superantes,  postcosta  tenui,  apice  subtiliore.  setisque 
quincjue  longis  aliisr^ue  minoribus  instructa,  quam  nen^o  marginal!  proportione 
7  :  9  breviore  ;  nervo  hoc  cum  postmarginali  longe  .«etcsis  ;  stigmatico  1/5 
marginalis  fere  attingente  et  clava  parva  fere  scmicirculari  terniinato,  dente  sat 
longo,  tenui,  munito  :  nervo  postmarginali  ad  extremitatem  marginis  anterioris 
alae  producto,  pcstcostac  aequilongo  ct  quam  stigmatico  magis  triplo  longiore  ; 
cellula  costali  perangusta,  basali  nervo  valde  obliquo  extus  terminata,  fere 
glabra  ;  speculo  secundum  nervum  marginalem  disposito  usque  ad  dimidium 
huius  elongato,  incerte  limitato  ;  pilis  inter  speculum  et  nervum  marginalem 
minus  confertis,  in  marginc  apicali  sat  longis.  Alae  metathoracis  abdominis 
apicem  attingentes,  angustae,  longitudine  quintuplam  latitudinem  aequantes, 
margine  anteriore  fere  toto  recto,  posteriore  leniter  curvato,  nervo  marginali 
1/3  longitudinis  occupante,  cellula  costali  super  hunc  non  elongata,  setis  marginis 
postici  et  apicis  longioribus. 

Pedes  cum  coxis  clongati,  femoribus,  tibiis  tarsisque  longitudine  sub- 
aequalibus,  tarsis  tenuibus.  Coxae  anticae  fere  laeves,  2/3  femoris  aequantes, 
mediae  atque  posticae  reticulatae-sulcatae,  modice  vitro  auctae  transverse 
strigulosae  ;    haec  ultimae  magnae,  subfusiformes,   1/2  thoracis  et  5/6  petioli 


188  NOVITATES    ZOOLOGICAE   XXIV.     1917. 

longitudinis  attingentes,  latitudine  sua  triple  longiores,  linea  elevata  in  margine 
apicali  alia  que  prope  hunc  annulos  formantibus. 

Petiolus  valde  elongatus,  deorsum  declivis,  interdum  leniter  arcuatus, 
dimidium  thoracis  longitudinis  superans,  latitudine  1/5  longitudinis  suae  aequans, 
forma  cylindrica.  superficie  scabra,  satis  vitro  aucta  punctato-alveolata. 

Abdomen  parvum,  nitidum,  segmentis  post  primum  retractis,  petioli  longi- 
tudinem  parum  superans,  de  supra  inspectum  semiovale,  margine  postico  recto 
et  longitudine  sesquibreviorc,  fovea  postpetioli  parva  ;  de  latere  obovatum, 
longitudine  duplam  altitudinem  fere  attingens. 

Long.  2  mm. 

Mas  feminae  similis. 

Habitat.  "  Mahe  :  marshy  coastal  plain  near  Anse  Royale. — Silhouette  : 
coast  near  Pointe  Etienne,  and  forest  above  Mare  aux  Cochons. — ^FeUcit^  Island." 

DE   SPALANGIINIS 

Revisionem  generum  quae  sunt  Cerocephalae  Westw.  aflSnia,  ad  ea  bene 
definienda  et  recognoscenda  necessariam  esse  opinor.  Nunc  tentamen  tabulae 
analyticae,  species  mihi  observatione  exemplarium  vel  descriptionibus  notas 
includentis,  hie  referam,  etsi  marium  characteribus  saepc  omissis  et  diagnosibus 
nimis  brevibus,  studiosis  parvae  utilitatis  fore  videatur. 

Praeter  species  sej'chellenses  in  hac  monographia  descriptas,  quarum  unam 
subgeneri  novo,  duas  generibus  etiam  novis  adscribere  licet,  exemplaria  observavi 
Theocolaci  formiciformi  Westw.  pertinentia,  mascuUnum  et  femiiieum,  quae  mihi 
dominus  Waterston  (sub  nomine  "  Cerocephala  jormicifonms  Westw.")  ex  Anglia, 
comiter  misit,  aliaque  generi  Chaetospilae  Westw.  attribuenda,  feminea,  in 
Italia  septentrionali  (Veneto)  inventa  (ex  coUectione  Magrettii,  in  Museo  Civico 
Gfenuensi)  alia  denique,  eiusdem  sexus,  a  dominis  Dodero  et  Mantero  prope 
Genuam  coUecta.  Hacc  ultima,  quae  alio  loco  describam,  forma  crunt  typica 
generis  novi  quod  Sciatherodes  appellabo.  In  Chaetospilae  exemplaribus  eosdem 
characteres  obseivavi,  exceptis  nonnuUis  specificae  rationis,  quos  Westwood 
descriptione  feminae  et  figuris  indicavit,  itaque  in  opinione  Thomsoni  atque 
Forsteri  non  convenio,  qui  Chaetospilam  ac  Cerocephalam  pro  synoniniis  habue- 
runt :  differentias  inter  haec  genera  Westwood  ipse  recognovit,  neque  hoc  eum 
fefelUsse  videtur.  Auctorum  exemplum  secutus,  Cerocephalam  formam  illam 
appello  quam  Ratzeburg  postea  nomine  Sciathera  descripsit,  at  non  satis  certum 
judico  Cerocephalam  coniigeram  Westw.  in  Gneimi  "  Magasin  de  Zoologie  "  de- 
scriptam,  et  Sciatheram  trichotum  Ratz.,  eidem  speciei,  immo  eidem  generi, 
pertinere.  Crawfordi  Cerocephala  airoviolacea  *  et  bakeri,'\  generi  CerocepJialae 
juste  relatae  videntur. 

In  tabula  analytica  genera  Spalangia  Latr.  et  ParaUiesthia  Cam.  omisi,  hoc 
ultimum  mihi  non  satis  notum  ex  auetoris  descriptione,  forsan  Neosciatherae 
mihi,  est  proximum. 

A.  Axillae  remotae,  sutura  axillo-scutellaris  hand  immersa,  dorsum  nitidum. 
a.  Funiculus  ?  5-articulatus      ....      Gen.  Chaetospila  Westw. 
aa.  Funiculus  ?  6-,   o  7-articulatus. 

b.    o  et  $  alati,  metanoti  sculptura  saepe  conspicua 

Gen.  Cerocephala  Westw.  (Sciatheras  Ratz.). 

•  Proc.  U.S.N.  Mua.  1913.  p.  314,  $. 

t  Philippine  J.  o/  Sc.  ix.  No.  5.  Se.  D.  1914.  p.  460,  ?. 


NOVITATES    ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV.     1917.  189 

Proalae  nervo  postmarginali  et  stigmatico  brevibus  ;  mari.s  flagellum 
articulis  hirtis       .....  Subgen.  Ceroceplmla,  n. 

Proalae  nervo  postmarginali  fere  nullo.  tenui  ;   niari.^  flagellum  articulis 
setis  longis  in  verticillum  dispositis,  clava  biarticulata  medio  eon- 
stricta  ......     Subgen.  Parasciatheras,  n. 

bb.   (J  et  5  apteri,  metanotum  sublaeve         .  Gen.  Theocolax  Westw. 

B.  Axillae  propinquae  vel  eoniunctae,  sutura  axillo-scutellaris  immersa,  scutellum 
triangulare. 
a.  Superficies  axillarum  et  scutelli  laevis,  pronotum  et  mesonotum  nitida, 
metanotum  fovea  pone  dorseUum  nulla,  praestigma  setosum 

Gen.  Sciatherodes,  n. 
aa.  Superficies   axillarum    oblique   sulcata,    scutelli    strigo.sa,    pronotum    et 
mesonotum    punctata,    metanotum    fovea    transversa    pone    dorseUum 
profunde  excavata,  praestigma  glabrum  (an  setis  deciduis  ?). 
b.  $  antennis  infra  medium  faciei,  in  linea  oculari  insertis,  scapo  ocellum 
non  superante,  funiculi  articulo  primo  quam  pedicello  fere  duplo  longiore, 
proalis  margine  apicali  fortiter  cur\^ato,  nervo  postmarginali  et  stigma- 
tico brevibus  subaequalibus    ....     Gen.  Neosciatheras,  n. 
bb.   a    antennis   paullum   supra   medium   faciei   insertis,   scapo   verticem 
superante,  pedicello  brevi,  funiculi  articulis  et  clava  valde  elongatis, 
subcylindraceis,   illis  medio   constrictis,   sensillis   longis,   hac   articulis 
tribus  subdiscretis  ;  alveoUs  in  sulco  axillo-scutellari  uniseriatis  ;  proalis 
apice    subtruncato-rotundato,    nervo    postmarginali    fere    nullo,    stig- 
matico elongato  clava  mutica  ;    pedibus  sat  longis,  gracilibus 

Gen.  Sciaiherellvs,  n. 


Gen.  Cerocephala  Westw. 

SuBGEN.  Parasciatheras,  n.  {vide  ante). 

5.3.  Cerocephala  (Parasciatheras)  caelebs,  sp.  n.  (figs.  45-48). 

Mas.  Piceo-rufus,  pronoto  ac  mesothoracis  dorso  aeneis,  nitidis,  capitis 
vertice  violaceo  ;  funiculi  articulis  apice  obscurioribus,  setis  basi  nigris,  clavae 
articulo  apicali  itemque  abdomine  nigris  ;  proalis  macula  dilute  brunnea  infra 
praestigma  aliaque  magna  pone  5/9  longitudinis  ornatis,  spatio  reliquo  hyaUno, 
pilis  fimbriae  griseis. 

Caput  antice  visum  aeque  longum  atcjue  latum,  superne  areuatum,  inferne 
obtusum,  genis  buccatis,  oculis  sat  magnis, 
baud  prominulis,  linea  oculari  superiore  fere 
1/5  longitudinis,  inferiore  5/7  a  vertice  re- 
mota,  facie  in  dimidio  inferiore  radiatim 
strigulosa.  Forma  capitis  superne  inspecti 
transverse  elliptica  longitudine  parum  latior, 
facie  et  occipite    fere    aeque    prominentibus,     ^'°-  45,-Ceroccptoto  iParasciathera.) 

OCeUis   in    angulum    rectum    dispositis.       Super-       i,  eaput  .ntte  vi»um;  S.ldemsupeme;  ix  30). 

ficies  in  dimidio  superiore  laevis,  nitida. 

Antennae  media  facie  insertae.  Scapus  ocellum  anteriorem  baud  superans  ; 
funiculus  articulis  1.-3.  satis  conspicue,  4.  et  5.  minus,  versus  ipsorum  apicem 


190 


XOVITATES    ZOOLOUICAE    XXIV.     1917. 


latitudine  decrescentibus,  itaque  forma  obconica,  truncata,  setis  longis,  crassis, 
instructis  ;   elava  articulis  duobus  aequalibus  formata,  medio  constricta. 


Fio.  46. — Cerocephala  {Parasciatheras) 
caelebs,  J. 
Flagellam  (x  43). 


Fio.  47. — Cerocephala  (Parasciatheras) 
caeteba,  ,£. 

IToala  (X  30). 


1 


^.-^^v^ 

^ 


Sulci  scapulares  foveoli?? impressi  rotundatis,  iini.scriati.';,  anticr.sum  gradatim 
maioribus.     Axillae  remotae  ;   earum  .superficies  et  seutelli  laeves.     Sulci  axillc- 

.scutellares  alveolorum  serie  unica  indicati,  alveolis 
versus  seutelli  basim  gradatim  minoribus.  Meta- 
notum  superficie  reticulato-alveolata. 

Proalae  apice  rotundatae.  pilis  fimbriae  ad  an- 
gulum  posticum  longioribus,  nerve  stigmatico  baud 
angustato  1/5  marginalis  aequante,  lateribus  paral- 
lelis,  elava  nulla,  dente  autem  sat  kmgo  ;  praestigma 
setarum  caespite  in.struetum. 

Petiolus  coxas  posticas  superans. 
Long.  1,7  mm. 
Fia.  4&.— Cerocephala  {Para-  Habitat.  Mahe  :    Cascade  Estate,  "from  forest 

sciatherae)  eaeUha,  $.  ^^    1,000-2,000  ft." 

1,  proalae  nervus  st^maticus;  c\ 

■2,  praestigma;  (x  80).  Specimen  unicum. 


Gen.  Neosciatheras,  n.  {vide  ajitt). 
54.  Neosciatheras  laticeps,  sp.  n.  (figs.  49,  5(>). 

Femina.  Piceo-rufa,  oculis  concoloribus,  abdoniine  brunneo-lntescente. 
Clava  flavo-ochracea  ;  scapus  subtus  atque  lateribus,  coxae  anticae  atque 
posticae,  tarsi  omnes  et  oviductus  in  dimidio  ba.^ali,  pallide  flavo-grisei,  oviductu.s 
dimidium  apicale  nigrum  ;  coxae  intermediae  totae,  anticae  macula  magna 
lateris  cxterioris,  posticae  apice,  nee  non  alarum  nervi,  brunnei  ;  proalae  prae- 
stigmate  nigro,  ultra  cellulam  basalem  flavido-grisescentes,  fascia  sub  praestig- 
mate  et  macula  juxta  nervum  stigmaticum  obscurioribus,  margine  apicali  pallido, 
pilis  fimbriae  albis  apice  nigris. 

Caput  thoracis  latitudinem  superans  proportione  7  :  5,  longitudine  sua 
paullum  latius  proportione  10:9;  anticc  visum  vcrtice  arcuato,  oculis  pro- 
minulis,  glabris,  linea  oculari  inferiore  1/3  capitis  longitudinis  ab  ere  remota, 
genis  inferne  curvatis,  peristomio  sat  lato,  antennis  paullum  supra  lineam  ocu- 
larem  et  infra  medium  faciei  insertis,  ab  oculis  aequo  spatio  quara  inter  se  remotis  ; 
.scrobibus  infra  tantum  determinatis  et  margine  externo  ad  1/3  scapi  longitudinis 
in  angulum  obtusum,  de  latere  inspectum  melius  ob.servandum,  elevato.  Faciei 
pars  subantennalis  sulcis  duobus  notata  parallelis,  a  scrobibus  ad  os  extensis  ; 
spatio  interposito  angulatim  plicato.     Forma  capitis  de  latere  oblonga,  limite 


NOVITATES    ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV.     1917. 


191 


Fig.  49. — Neosciatkeras  laiicepSy  $^ 
1,  thorax  cum  capite,  abdomiDis  peticlo  et 
alarum  parte  basali  ( X  23);   2,  caput  antice 
visum  (X  21);  3,  pes  anticus  (X  27). 


anteriore   et   po-steriore   subrectis   atque  parallelis,   latitudine   4/7   longitudinis 

aequante  ;    vertice  cum  fronte  continuo,  superne  angustato  ;    oculis  ellipticis  ; 

orbita  margine  elevato  et  diametro  longitudinali  quam  transverse  sesquUongiore,. 

hoc  latitudinem    capitis   fere   totam    occupante. 

Vertex,    superne  inspectus,   lateribus  orbita  ob- 

liqua,  postice  occipite  concavo  terminatus  ;  hoc 

distincte  marginato  et   margine  in  parte   media 

ocellis  posterioribus  propinquo.     Ocelli  mediocres, 

in  declivio  anteriore  verticis  angulum  fere  rectum 

formantes,  externi  ab  oculis  aequo  spatio  quam 

inter  se  remoti.     Superficies  capitis  tota  scabrosa- 

punctata,  pubescentia  brevi,  alba,  satis  conferta. 
Antennae  lO-articulatae,  sine  annello,  funi- 

culo  6-articulato,  clavae  articulo  primo  vix,  ultimo 

minime,   discretis.     Scapi  leniter  curvati  et  con- 

vergentes,  usque  ad  ocellum  anteriorem  elongati. 

Flagellum    duplam    scapi    longitudinem     paullo 

superans,  fere  glabrum,  pilis  paucis  brevibus,  ad- 

pressis  ;  pedicellus  parvus,  latitudine  sua  baud  sesquilongior  ;   funiculi  articulus 

primus  elongatus  pedicello  duplo  longior,  baud  apice  latior.  in  dimidio  basali 

magis  attenuatus  ;    secundus   pedicelli   longitudinem  nonnihil    superans,  quam 

primus    brevior    proportione    3:5;    articuli    sequentes   gradatim    breviores  et 

crassiores,  idtimus  quadra- 
tus  ;  clava  cylindro-conica, 
duplam  praeclavae  longitu- 
dinem paullo  superans,  ar- 
ticulo basali  satis  discreto 
medium  eius  non  attingente. 
Prothorax  magnus,  de 
supra  inspectus  in  dimidio 
anteriore  conieo  et  sculptura 
minutissima  granulosa,  in 
posteriore  collare  formans 
lateribus  rectis,  parallelis, 
superficie  scabra,  in  longitu- 
dinem irregulariter  sulcata- 
rugosa.  Scutum  antrorsum 
declive,  latitudine  pauUum 
longius,  minute  punctatum  ; 
scapulae  (x  50)  oblique  ru- 
gosae.  Axillae  quam  sca- 
pulae multo  maiores,  in 
medio  dorso  conniventes  et 
scutellum  depellentes,  ab  hoc 
sulco  profunde  impresso 
soparatae,  superficie  per- 
spicue  rugoso-sulcata,  rugis  curvatis,  versus  apiccm  scutelli  convergentibus 
et  brevi  spatio  in  hnins  superficiem  productis.  Scutellum  triangulare  sub- 
aequilaterum,    in    longitudinem    curvatum,    limite    postico     parum    convexo„ 


Fig.' 60. — Neoaciatheras  laticepa,  $. 

1,  Ua-^'ellum  (x   55);  2,  scutellum  cum  asillis,  dor-jello  et  raetanoto  (x  45); 

3.  proalae  pars  stigmatica  (x  80);  4,  proala  (x  40). 


192  NOVITATES    ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV.     1917. 

superficie  baud  laevi.  Postscutellum  lineare  arcuatum,  dorsello  indistincto. 
Metanotum  carina  destitutum,  modice  vitro  auctum  snperficic  .scabra,  satis 
magnificatum  superficie  reticulato-alveolata  ;  pone  dorselkmi  fovea  transversa 
semielliptica,  sat  profunda,  excavatum  :  spiraculis  subrotundis  a  postscutello 
remoti>.  Mesothoracis  latera  vix  perspicue  sulcato-rcticulata,  mesosterno  fovea 
rotunda  impresso,  episterno  et  epimero  discretis,  antice  a  mesosterno  serie 
fovearum  separatis. 

Proalae  abdominis  apiceni  attingentes,  baud  latae,  post  nervum  stigmatieum, 
id  est  ad  4/5  longitudinis,  margine  elliptico  aequabter  fimbriato  terminatae  ;  cellula 
costali  lineari,  longitudinem  nervi  marginalis  cum  postmarginali  aequante, 
ceUula  basali  extus  valde  oblique  terminata,  superficie  reliqua  sparsim  punctata, 
pilis  destituta.  excejjtis  paucis  (4-5)  prope  nervnmi  stigmatieum.  buius  longitu- 
dinem superantibus.  Postcosta,  item  atque  nervus  marginalis  .setis  quinque 
instructa,  portdone  ascendente  in  speeiminibus  quae  observavi  glabra  (setis 
deciduis  ?)  et  crassiore.  Ner\'us  stigniaticus  brevis,  1/S  marginalis  aequans,  in 
dimidio  basali  attenuatus.  clava  baud  determinata  sed  dente  sat  longo  munita. 
Nervus  postmarginalis  stigmatico  paullum  brevior.  Alae  metatboracis  longae, 
latae,  apicem  abdominis  fere  attingentes,  margine  postico  et  apicali  sicut  in  alis 
anterioribus  longe  piloso. 

Pedes  normales,  nee  breves  nee  crassi.  Coxae  anticae  in  dimidio  apicali 
lateris  exterioris  carina  valde  prominente  instructae.  Coxae  intermediae  quam 
anticae  latiores,  abdominis  petiolo  aequUongae  et  quam  posticae  dimidio  breviores, 
haec  pyriformes,  anticis  magis  quam  sesquilongiores  et  conspicue  crassiores. 
'Tibiae  posticae  confertim  rigido-setosae. 

Petiolus  cylindricus,  sulculatus,  postice  oblique  terminatus,  superne  inspectus 
linea  media  dorsali  quam  lateralibus  sesquilongiore,  metanoto  fere  aequilonga  ; 
latitudine  longitudinem  lateris  fere  aequante. 

Abdomen,  absque  oviductu,  thoraci  aequilongum.  nee  amplius,  fusiforme, 
duplo  longius  quam  latius,  superficie  lacvi,  nitida  ;  de  latere  visum  ventre  magis 
convexo  ;  .segmento  basali  medio  dorso  baud  ineiso  dimidiamque  abdominis 
longitudinem  attingente  ;  secundo  triplo  breviore,  reliquis  boc  etiam  brevioribus, 
subaequalibus.     Oviductus  1/3  abdominis  aequans. 

Long.  2,5  mm. 

Habitat.  Silbouette  :   Mare  aux  Cochons. 

Specimina  duo. 


Gen.  Sciatherellus,  n.   {vide  ante). 
55.  Sciatherellus  orycinus,  sp.  n.  (figs.  51,  52). 

Mas.  Fulvo-fcrrugineus,  oculis  brunneis,  funiculi  articulis  in  dimidio  apicali 
nigris,  coxis  abdoniinisque  petiolo  pallidioribus,  abdomine  pro  parte  infuscato, 
proalis  nervis  griseo-fuscis,  ante  nervum  marginalem  fere  hyalinis,  reliquo  spatio 
flavescenti-griseis,  sub  praestigmate  umbratis,  sub  stigmate  macula  magna 
transversa  pallide  eastanea  ornatis,  margine  apicali  infuscato  pilisque  fimbriae 
totis  griseis. 

Caput  antice  visum  paullum  longitudine  latius,  propertione  100  :  87,  oculis 
sat  magnis,  dimidiam  capitis  longitudinem  superantibus  fproportione  5  :  9),  linea 


NOVITATES    ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV,     1017. 


193 


Fig.  51. — SciathereUus  orycinus,  ^. 

1,  caput  auticu  visum  cnm  antenna  (x  21);  2,  funiculi 
articulus  tertiiis  (x  58). 


oculari  inferiore  post  3/4  longitudinis  sita,  facie  mucronibu.'i  et  carinis  nullis.  in 

dimidio  inferiore  oblique  strigosa. 

Antennae  nonnihil  supra  mediam  longitudinem  capitis  alte  insertae,  scapo 

verticem  valde  superante  et  orbitis  aequilongo  ;   flagello  longissimo,  quam  capite 

fere  quintuple,  quam  thorace  et  abdomine  simul  sumptis  fere  sesquilongiore  ; 

pedicello  parvo  globose  ;  articulis  scpteni 

funiculi    valde  elongatis,    subaequalibus, 

quam  scapo  vix  crassioribus,  non  longiori- 

bus.     Sensilli  articulis  dimidio  breviores, 

fere   ubicumque  ordine  duplice  dispositi, 

ita   ut  articulorum    numerus    duplicatus 

apparet.       Clava     articulo     praecedente 

longior   proportione    4  :  3,    indistincte  in 

articulos  divisa,  sensillis  omnibus  acqui- 

longis  et  ordine  triplicate  dispositis. 

Prethorax  de  supra  inspectus  lateribus  in  dimidio  pesteriore  parallelis  ; 

scuto  ante  scapulas  prominente  convexo-marginato  ;  scutello  triangulari  a  scuto 

nonnihil  remote,  axillis  magnis  in  medio  dorse  conniventibus,  longitudinaliter 

strigosis,   a  scutello  alveolorum   serie  late  separatis  ;    axillarum   strigis  super 

scutellum  brevi  spatio  productis.     Metanotum  grosse,  sed  baud  profunde  alveo- 

latum,  alveolorum  fundo  inaequali,  fovea  pone  dorsellum  nulla. 

Proalae  abdomen  superantes,  versus  apicem  conspicue  dilatatae,  hoc  sub- 

truncato-rotundato,   pilis    fimbriae  frequentioribus,   sat    lengis,   omnibus    fere 

aequalibus  ;    praestigmate  in   specimine   baud   setose  ;    nerve   marginali   pilis 

numerosis  instructe ;  pest- 
marginali  fere  nulle  ;  stig- 
matico  longo,  1/4  margina- 
lis  aequante,  marginibus 
subparallelis,  clava  baud 
determinata  denteque 
nullo  ;  superficie  glabra, 
exceptis  pilis  quibusdam 
prope  nervum  stigmati- 
cum,  quam  hoc  paullum 
brevioribus. 

Pedes  graciliores,  sat 
longi.        Coxae      posticae 

parum    dilatatae,    diametrum   coxanmi    primi   paris   vix    superantes  :    hae    in 

latere  exteriore  baud  carinatae,  quam  intermediae  fere  sesquilongieres,  quam 

posticae  parum  breviores. 

Petiolus  metathoracis  apici  conico  alte  supra  coxas   pesticas  adfixus,   his 

lengior  proportione  5  :  3,  thorace  paullum  magis  quam  dimidio  brevier  ;  de  latere 

visus  leniter  curvatus  ;    superficie  strigosa. 

Abdomen   segmentis  post   secundum   retractis,   longitudine   petiolum   fere 

aequans,  segmento  basali  magne,  secunde  1/4  huius  non  superante. 
Long.  1,8  mm. 

Habitat.  Mahe  :   Cascade  Estate. 
Specimen  unicum. 


Fig.  52.  —Sciatkeretlus  orycinus,  ^. 

I'roala  (X  -15). 


13 


194 


\OVITATES    ZOOLOCICAE    XXIV.     1917. 


Gen.   Spalangia  Latreillc. 

5G.  Spalangia  Jallax,  .■^p.  n.  (fig.  53). 

Femina.  Nigra,  alis  flavo-gri.seis,  harum  ncrvi.s,  tarsis  praetor  apiccni,  intcr- 
dum  tibia  media,  brunneo-luteis,  tibia  postica  cxtreniitatibus  ct  trochanteribus 
omnibus  minus  obscuris. 

Caput  magnum,  antice  visum  parum  latitudinc  longius  proportione  7  :  C, 
thoracis  longitudinis  5/8  aequans  ;  vertice  altc  elevate  ;  oculis  baud  prominulis, 
orbita  antice  sinuosa  ;  linca  oculari  superiore  in  2/9,  inferiore  in  1/3  longitudinis 
sita  ;  genis  mox  infra  oculos  leniter  tumescentibus,  reliquo  spatio  baud  curvatis, 
quam  orbita  pauUum  brevioribus  ;  areolis  insertionis  antennalis  forma  trian- 
gulari,  angulis  rotundatis,  his  externis  spatio  remotis  dimidiam  capitis  lati- 
tudinem  aequante  ;  area  ocellari  suico  limitata  ;  facie  sulco  divisa  longitudinali 
profunda  impresso,  acute  marginato,  ex  area  ocellari  ad  lineam  ocularem  inferi- 
orem  extenso  et  strigis  nonnullis  transversis  interrupto  ;  scrobibus  latis,  baud 
profunde  excavatis,  inccrte  liniitatis ;  spatio  his  interposito  subconvexo. 
Superficies  pilis  hirta   baud   numerosis,   nee   ordine  manifesto  dispo.sitis,  fere 

ubicumque  laevis,  poKta,  ex- 
ceptis  genis  spatioque  inter  an- 
tennarum  radiculas,  quae  sunt 
grosse,  profunde  et  confertim 
punctata. 

Antennae  thoraci  fere 
aequilongae,  flagello  longitudi- 
nem  capitis  superante.  Scapus 
dimidium  flagelli  aequans  ;  pe- 
dicellus  2/5  scapi  attingens ; 
funiculi  articuli  transversi, 
primus  longitudine  sua  paullum 
latior,  sequentes  sensim  latiores, 
item  atque  clava  pedunculo 
brevi,  angusto,  conjunct!,  ulti- 
mus  fere  duplo  latior  quam 
longior  ;  clava  solida,  subcylindrica,  apice  rotundata,  articulis  tribus  praece- 
dentibus  aequOonga. 

Collum  minute  at  conspicue  reticulatum  ;  pronotum  minute  reticulato- 
squamosum  foveolisque  rotundatis  sparsis  leniter  impressis.  quam  scutum  duplo 
longius  ;  hoc  margine  anteriore  modice  cui-vato,  dimidiam  scutelli  longitudinem 
parum  superans.  Alveoli  sulcos  scapulares  et  axillares  formantes,  baud  magni. 
Scutellum  politum,  sparsim  et  parce  setosum,  ad  angulos  exteriores  tantum 
foveis  piliferis  2-3  sat  magnis  impressum,  freno  nullo,  luiius  sutura  nee  sulco 
nee  foveis  indicata  ;  dorselluni  punctorum  serie  utrinque  impressa,  ex  medio 
margine  posteriore  ad  foveolam  sublateralem  oblique  desinente  ;  metanotum  in 
parte  dimidia  anteriore  area  instructum  triangulari  elongata,  utrinque  fovea 
conspicua  limitata,  his  foveis  fundo  punctatis,  postice  conflucntihus,  in  parte 
dimidia  posteriore  metanoti  serie  imparl  punctorum  non  usque  ad  petiolum 
continuatis.  Mesopleura  minute  reticulata,  areolis  rectangularibus  valde 
elongatis,  oblique  dispositis  :  modice  vitro  aucta  potius  oblique  ct  concinnc 
striata  apparens. 


FlO.  53. — Spalangia  fallax,  $. 
1,  antenna  (x  08);  2,  caput  antice  visum  (x  30);  3,  proala  (X  52); 
4,  eiusdera  nervus  stigmaticus  (X  150). 


NOVITATES    ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV,     HI17.  195 

Proalae  latitudine  longiores  proportione  5:16,  nervo  marginali  4/5  cellulae 
costalis  aequante,  stigmatico  brevissimo  sub  angulo  fere  recto  egrediente,  super- 
ficie  jam  pone  cellulam  basalem  pilis  vestita,  pubescentia  brevi  at  conferta  ad 
1/3  nervi  marginalis  incipiente. 

Pedes  posteriores  trochanteris  articulo  secundo  supra  tumescente. 

Petiolus  2/3  metathoracis  longitudinis  aequans,  ex  basi  ad  apieem  aeque 
latus,  superficie  minute  granulosa,  nee  longitudinaliter  sulcata  neque  costulata. 

Abdomen  depressum,  latum,  quam  thorax,  absque  petiolo,  paullum  brevius, 
sesquilatius,  segmentis  minute  reticulato-sulcatis,  secundo  et  tertio  longi- 
tudine  aequalibus. 

Long.  1,3-1,5  mm. 

Habitat.  Mahe  :   Cascade  Estate,  "  at  about  800  feet." 

Specimina  duo. 

Adn.  Species  haec  characteribus  nonnullis.  praecipue  antennis,  cum  eiiropaea 
Sp.  erytliromera  Forst.  convenit,  capitis  structura  cum  Sp.  hrasilieiwi  Ashm. ; 
affinis  etiam  videtur  Sp.  impunctae  How.  et  subpunctatae  Forst.  Petioli  scul- 
pturam,  quae  in  generis  sectionibus  instituendis  et  speciebus  distinguendis  valde 
utilis  mihi  videtur,  auctores  saepe  neglexerunt. 

Gen.  Eunotomyia,  n. 

Hoc  genus  ab  Amuscidea  Gir.  differt  annulo  antennali  nidlo,  funiculi  arti- 
culis  non  elongatis,  proalae  nervo  marginali  stigmaticum  aequante,  nee  duplo 
longiore,  postmarginaU  fere  obsolete,  segmento  primo  abdominis  1/3  huius  longi- 
tudinis superante.  Cum  Muscidea  eiusdem  auctoris  satis  convenit,  tamen  differt 
annulo  antennali  nullo.  Metanotum  in  specimine  seychellensi  examinare  non 
potui. 

57.  Eunotomyia  festiva,  sp.  n.  (figs.  54-56). 

Femina.  Capite  cum  scapo  brunneo-luteis,  oculis  obscure  testaceis,  flagello 
nigro,  occipitis  anguUs  inter  marginem  et  orbitas  viridi-maculatis,  genis  infra 
ocidum  area  fusca  notatis ;  thorace  obscure  viridi, 
lateribus  fere  totis,  coUaris  parte  postica,  axillis  et 
scutelli  freno  plus  minus  auratis,  hoc  obliquitate 
quadam  inspecto  purpureo  nitente ;  scutelli  limbo 
apicali  nee  non  metathoracis  alveolis  macuHsque  non- 
nulhs  ad  insertionem  setarum  dorsi  nigricantibus ; 
pedibus  cum  coxis,  tegulis,  alarum  nervis  et  proalarum 
disco  usque  ad  marginem  alae  posticum  brunneo-luteis, 
tibiis  tantum  obscurioribus  tarsisque,  praeter  apieem, 
pallidioribus  ;  abdomine  obscure  violaceo,  segmentis 
apicalibus  viridi-nitentibus,  pedunculo  cyanescenti- 
nigro. 

Caput  thoracis  longitudinem   latitudine   aequans,  ^^^   si.-Eunoiomyia 

antice   visum    triangulare,    transversum,    longitudine  ■  /estiva,  ?. 

latiuS     proportione    5:3,     Vertice     SUbreCtO,    5/9    totiuS        l,  caput  antice  visum ;  2,  supeme; 

latitudinis    extenso,   spatio  inter   orbitas    et    ocellos 

laterales  horum  distantiam  ab  ocello  anteriore  aequante,  spatio  inter  ocellos 
laterales  quam  dimidia  verticis  latitudine  vix  maiore  ;  oculis  hemisphaericis, 
glabris,  dimidiam  capitis  longitudinem  parum  diametro  superantibus  ;  antennis 


196 


NOVITATES    ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV.    1917. 


Fig.  55. — Eunotomyia  feativa,  ?. 
Anteima  (x  65). 


ad  OS  insertis  ;  facie  fovea  ovali  baud  profunda  impressa,  in  medio  huiu.s  inter 
radiculas  antennarum  modice  elevata.  Vertex  fortiter  coniprcssus,  acute  mar- 
ginatus,  ultra  lineam  ocidarem  liaud  prominulus.  Caput  ex  latere  inspcctum 
subtriangulare,   in   longitudinem  fere  duplo    quam    in    latitudinem   extensuni. 

Superficies  subnitida.  minute  ac  subtiliter  reticulato- 
sulcata,  areolis  super  occiput  niinoribus  ;  facies 
pilis  brevibus  sparsis  ornata. 

Scapus    ocellum     anteriorem     non    attingens, 

subfusiformis,     magis    latere    anteriore    curvatus  ; 

flagellum  quam  scapus  sesquilongius,  pedicello  lati- 

tudine    sua    longiore,    proportione    5 :  2,    articulis 

quinque  funiculi  bene  discretis  piliscpie   sat  longis 

instructis,  primo  quam  ceteris  parum  minore,  lati- 

tudine    pedicello  aequali  paullumcpie  latiore  quam 

•  longiore,  reliquis  gradatim  latioribus,  ultimo  duplo  latiore  quam  longiore  ;  clava 

ovata,    articulis   tribus  praecedentibus   aequilonga    et    latitudinem    praeclavae 

superante,  articulorum  vestigio  fere  nullo. 

Thorax  latitudine  maxima  3/4  capitis  aequans  ;  collari  lato.  antice  incerte 
limitato,  margine  postico  modice  curvato  ;  mesonoti  parte  praeaxillari  trans- 
versa, quam  collari  duplo  tantum  longiore  et  longitudine  sua  triplo  latiore  ; 
scuto  antice  proportione  5/3  latiore  quam  longiore,  basi  longitudini  aequOonga  ; 
scutello  metathoracem  non  obtegente,  aeque  longo  atque  lato,  quam  scuto  fere 
duplo  longiore,  freno  distincto,  limbo  posteriore  lunato,  alveolis  septem  sub- 
quadratis  impresso.  Dorsum  setis  nonnullis  perlongis  instructum,  sculptura 
reticulato-sulcata,  axillis  tantum  laevibus,  nitidis,  scutello  extremo  apice  laevi, 
dorsulo  atque  freno  fere  toto  areolis  elongatis  baud  magnitudine  nee  forma 
differentibus,  insculptis.  Metanotum 
breve,  serie  transversa  alveolorum 
rectangularium  circa  decern  instruc- 
tum. Callus  pilis  longis  albis  orna- 
tus.  Metapleura  triangularis  sub- 
aequilatera,  item  atque  mesosternum 
et  mesopleura  laevis,  nitida. 

Proalae  apice  rotundatae,  sat 
longe  ciliatae,  superficie  ultra  lineam 
ex  basi  nervi  stigmatici  ad  medium 
lateris  posterioris  productam  setis 
baud  confertis  vestita,  reliquo  spatio 
fere  glabra  ;  nervis  longe  setosis, 
humerali  ad  juncturam  cum  basali, 
ubi  cellula  costalis  latissinia,  fortiter 
angulatim  plicato  ;  marginali  hand 
tenui,  ad  mediam  alae  longitudinem 
incipiente  ;  stigmatico  huic  aequilongo,  versus  apicem  sensim  latiore  et  clava 
indistincta  terminato  ;  postmarginali  fere  nullo.  Alae  metathoracis  item  atque 
anteriores  longe  ciliatae,  margine  postico  pauUum  ante  medium  fortiter 
arcuato-plicato. 

Pedes  postici  coxis  pyrifomiibus,  tibiis  magis  setosis,  calcari  medium  meta- 
tarsi fere  attingente. 


Fio.  56. — Eunotomyia  fealiva,  $. 
Alae  (X  15). 


XOVITATES    ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV.     1917.  197 

Abdomen  thorace  paullum  longius,  haud  latius,  breviter  pedunculatum, 
ovatum,  subdepressum,  lateribus  parum  curvatis ;  pedunculo  fere  aeque 
longo  atque  lato,  supra  planiusculo,  marginato  ac  ruguloso ;  segmentis  apicem 
formantibus  brevissimis,  scgmento  basali  maximo,  2/3  abdominis  longitudinis 
aeqiiante,  de  supra  inspecto  fere  quadrato,  superficie  laevi,  nitida. 

Long.  1,5  mm. 

Habitat.  Mahe. 

Gen.  Mesopeltis,  n. 

Species  cuius  descriptio  sequitur,  habitu  et  colore  Scutellistae  cyaneae  Motsch. 
similis,  sed  scutelJo  haud  elongato  ab  ea  facile  di.stinguenda,  media  est  inter  hoc 
genus  atque  Eunotvm  :  a  Megapelte  autem  differt  scutello  non  elongato  seg- 
mentoque  primo  abdominis  maximo.* 

58.  Mesopeltis  atrocyanea,  sp.  n.  (figs.  57-59). 

Femina.  Nigro-violascens,  antennis  fulvo-ochraceis,  oculis  et  pedibus 
brunneis,  tibiarum  apice,  tarsis,  praeter  apicem  nignim,  pallide  testaceis,  alarum 
nervis  griseo-fuscis,  alis  metathoracis  lenissime,  mesothoracis  fortius  infumatis, 
his  pone  cellulam  basalem  et  in  disco  obscurioribus. 

Caput  magnum,  crassum,  thorace  latius,  antice  visum  transversum  forma 
trapezoidali,  3/5  latitudinis  longitudine  aequans  ;  vertice  longitudini  aequilongo  ; 
ocellis  posterioribus  ab  oculis  spatio  eorum  diametro 
aequali  remotis  ;    oculis   glabris,   ad  dimidiam  faciei 
altitudinem  extensis  ;   genis  fere  totis  rectis  inferne 
tantum  curvatis  ;  oris  margine  piano.     Capitis  superne 
inspecti  forma  lunata.   limite  anteriore  semicirculari, 
posteriore  etiam   fortiter  curvato,   margine  occipitali 
peracuto  ;  forma  de  latere  subtriangularis,  latitudine 
sesquilongior,    oculis   ellipticis  diametro  longitudinali       pjo   st.— Mesopeltis  atro- 
quam    transverso    parum    breviore.      Superficies   sub  cyanea,  $. 

nitida,   sulcis  tenuissimis  minute   reticulata.      Facies       caput  antice  Ttemn^ cum  antenna 
modice  convexa,  antennis  ad  os  insertis,  scapis  fere 

contiguis  in  fovea  longitudinali  leniter  impressa  receptis.  non  ultra  dimidiam 
oculorum  altitudinem  extensis. 

Flagellum  scapo  fere  aeqiiilongum  ;  articuli  tres  primi  funiculi  simul  sumpti 
quam  pedicellum  parum  longiores,  dimidium  funiculi  formantes,  primus  et 
secundus  parvi,  vix  transversi,  articulus  quartus  et  quintus  magni,  haud 
multum  longitudine  latiores,  ultimus  latitudine  pedicelli  longitudinem  aequaVis  ; 
clava  ovata  quam  praeclava  parum  crassior  et  1/3  flagelli  longitudinis,  dimidiam 
funiculi,  attingens,  articulis  tribus  praecedentibus  aequilonga,  in  articulos  divisa 
suturLs  obliquis,  vix  conspicuis,  coniunctos,  quorum  primus  dimidium  totius 
longitudinis  occupans,  reliqui  duo  subaequales. 

Thorax  robustus,  fortiter  in  longitudinem  curvatus,  latitudine  maxima  3/5 
capitis   aequans.     Pronotum   de   supra   inspectum    brevissimum,    fere   lineare, 

*  Dum  haec  descriptio  impriinebatur,  Waterston  speciein  novani  illu.stravit,  nomine  Eunoto 
truncatipenni^  in  Africa  in  "Gold  Coast"  inventam,  quam  generi  meo  Mesopelti  adhuc  inedito 
pertinere  ipse  recognovit  (Bull.  Entomol.  Research,  London,  vol.  vii.  1917.  p.  2.52-257.  figs.  8,  9)  ; 
metanotum  Mesopeltis  atrocyaneae,  ex  cotypo  quem  ego  Museo  Britannico  misi,  in  dcscriptione  sua 
effinxit  (I.e.  fig.  96). 


198 


NOVITATES  Z0OI.OCIOAE  XXIV.    1917. 


fortiter  arcuatum.  Scutum  satis  longum,  antice  quam  postice  iDroportione  5  :  2 
latius,  basi  quam  longitudine  sesquibrevius.  Scutellum  postice  vix  productum, 
metanoti  dimidium  anterius  obtegen.?,  aeque  longum  atque  latum,  scuti  longi- 
tudinem  superan.s  proportione  4  :  3,  lateribus  brevibus,  rectis,  margines  parallelos 
formantibus,  freno  baud  discrete,  parte  tcrtia  postica  margine  fortiter  arcuato 
limitata  et  foveis  marginalibus  impressa  rotundatis,  sat  magnis.  fere  contiguis, 
omnibus  in  fundo  punctis  nitentibus  obsitis.  Metanotum  fere  duplo  quam 
scutellum  brevius,   foveis  insculptum   magnis,   baud   profundis,   fere   omnibus 

transverse  dupliee  ordine 
dispositis.  Sculptura  dorsi 
illi  capitis  similis,  areolis  in 
scapulis  minoribus,  in  axillis 
minimis,  in  zona  media  longi- 
tudinali  scutelli  sat  magnis 
at  valde  elongatis. 

Proalae  margine  apicali 
recto,  nervo  humerali  in  eius 
parte  ascendente  crassiore 
et  satis  curvato,  a  nervo 
marginali  hiatu  a  n  g  u  s  t  o 
separate  ;  costa  in  parte  dis- 
tali  item  atque  praestigmate 
arcuata  ;  nervo  marginali  1/6 
cellulae  costalis  aequante, 
stigmatico  tenui  huic  sub- 
aequilongo,  versus  clavam 
subreniformem  incerte  limi- 
tato ;  postmarginali  parum 
breviore,  truncato ;  his  nervis,  praeter  stigmaticum,  sctis  nonnullis  longis  in- 
structis,  marginali  autem  et  postmarginali  cum  cxtremitate  costac  setis  aliis 
minus  longis,  sat  frequentibus.  ornatis ;  cellula  costali  in  dimidio  proximali, 
cellula  basali  in  dimidio  posteriore  cum  spatio  usque  ad  marginem  posticum 
alae,  glabris,  area  speculari,  parte  anteriore  cellulae  basalis  et  zona  sub  nervo 
marginali  punctulatis.  Alae  metathoracis  baud  latae  nee  margine  postico 
fortiter  curvato,  setis  fimbriae  sat  longis,  cellula  costali  ad 
medium  nervi  marginalis  producta. 

Abdomen  latitudine  thoraci  subacqualc  paullumque 
longius,  basi  late  sessile,  hac  in  dorso  foveis  cxcavata 
magnitudine  et  forma  alveolis  metanoti  similibus.  Seg- 
mentum  primum  superne  inspectum  subquadratuni,  3/4 
totius  longitudinis  aequans,  jiolitum,  lateribus  antice  mar- 
ginatis,  ventre  pone  coxas  posticas  pube  albida  ornato  ; 
segmenta  reliqua  brevissima  apicem  breviter  conicum  for- 
mantia,  cuius  longitudinem  terebra  in  uno  specimine  pro- 
jecta  paullum  superat. 
Long.  1,5  mm. 

Mas  ditfert  antennis  longioribus,  crassis,  9-articulatis,  pedicello  latitudine 
et  longitudine  fere  aequalibus,  articulo  primo  funiculi  quam  pedicello  duplo 
latiore  et  latitudine  sua  fere  duplo  longiore,  articulis  tribus   luiic  sequcntibus 


Fig.  58. — Meaopdiia  atrocijanea,  $. 
1,  proala  (x  65) ;  2,  eiusdem  nervus  postmargiualis  et  stigmaticus  (x  167). 


Fio.  59. — Meaopeltia 

atrocyanea,  (J. 
Abdomen  atque  metanotum 
fum  scutelli  apice  (X  30). 


NOVITATES    ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV.     1917.  199 

cylindricis,  gradatim  brevioribus,  ultimo  aeque  longo  atquc  lato,  tribus  apicalibus 
clavae  pertinentibus  ultimo  funiculi  subaequalibus. 

Habitat.  "  Silhouette  :  Mare  aus  Cochons,  and  from  long  grass  in  low 
cultivated  country. — Mahe  :  country  above  Port  Glaud. — Long  Island  (a  culti- 
vated islet  near  Mahe)." 

Specimina  tria  $?,  unum  S. 

SuBFAM.  ELASMINAE. 
Gen.  Elasmus  Westwood. 
59.  Elasmus  eximius,  sp.  n.  (fig.*.  60,  61). 
Femina.  Capite,  praeter  partem  infcriorem  flavo-gri.seam  pronoto,  mesonoti 
parte  praeaxillari  axillisque,   obscure  viridibus,   metallicis  ;   thoracis  lateribus 
nigro-b runnels,   praesterni  disco,   humeris  et  axillarum  puncto  prope  tegulas 
rufescentibus ;     metathorace    laete    viridi,    nitido  ;     dorsello    atque    scutello 
aurantiacis,  hoc  ba?i  et  macula  discoidali  ad  apicem  fere  nigris  ;  abdomine  usque 
ad  segmentum  quintum  luteo-aeruginoso.  basi  tantum  maculis  duabus  dorsalibus 
fuscis  notato,  in  eius  parte  apicali  nigro  ;    .scapo  et  pedicello  lutescenti-griseis, 
illo  in  latere  supero  obscuriore,  hoc  fusco-maculato  ;   funiculo  et  clava  brunneo- 
luteis  ;  pedibus  flavo-griseis,  tarsis  obscu- 
rioribus,  coxis  mediis  ac  posticis  dimidio 
ba.sali,  femoribus  posticis  etiam  apice  et 
lateribus     versus     apicem,    nigris  ;     alis 
griseiS,  j.jQ_  QO.— Elasmus  eximius,  $. 

Vertex    foveolis  insculptus   rotundis  FiageUum  (x  65). 

fere    contiguis,  diametro  dimidium   ocel- 

lorum  non  superantibus  ;  fades,  praeter  partem  oralem,  foveolis  fere  ubicum- 
que  spatio  remotis  diametro  eorum  aequali.  Funiculi  articuli  elongati,  primus 
pedicello  duplo  longior,  longitudine  sua  duplam  latitudinem  paullum  superans, 
tertius  primo  paullum  brevior  ;  clavae  articuhis  basalis  secundo  vix  longior, 
praeclava  nonnihil  brevior.  Sensilli  antennales  in  articulo  primo  funiculi 
transverse  triseriati,  in  articulo  tertio  et  duobus  primis  clavae  biseriati.  Tibiae 
posticae  calcari  maiore  1/4  metatarsi  non  superante,  spinarum  seriebus  lateris 
dorsalis  extus  rhombos  quatuor  semisque,  valde  elon- 
gatos,  formantibus. 
Long.  2,3  mm. 

Habitat.    Mahe :    "  cultivated   country   near  sea- 
FiG.  61. — Elasmus  level  at  Cascade." 

eximius,  ?.  Specimen  unicum. 

Tibiae  posticae  pars  apicaiiBCx  55).  y^^   Specimen  aUud,  ctiam  femineum,  a  praece- 

dente  difEerens  scutello  flavo,  at  eisdem  maculis  nigricantibus,  dorsello  fusco, 
flavo-limbato  ;  macula  humerali  punctiformi,   axillari  nulla. 

Habitat.  Mahe  :    "  marshy  coastal  plain  near  Anse  Royale." 
Adn.  Haec  species  ab  E.  insulari  Gir.  differre  videtur  macula  humcrorum 
non  albida,  abdomine  basi  baud  omnino  nigro,  post  segmentum  quintum  toto 
nigro,  nee  apice  tantum  zonaque  praeapicali  nigricantibus. 

60.  Elasmus  bellus,  sp.  n. 
Femina..  Praecedenti  simihs,  ditfert  scutello  parti  praeaxillari  dorsi  con- 
colore,  dorsello  in  dimidio  anteriore  nigro,  in  posteriore  albido,  femore  postico 


200  NOVITATES    ZOOLOGICAE    XXI\'.     1917. 

pone  medium  infuscato  at  apice  flavo-griseo ;  foveolis  faciei  minus  confertis 
spatioque  remotis  earum  diametrum  sesqui  vel  diiplo  superante  ;  spinis  in  latere 
dorsali  tibiae  posticae  series  tres  siniiosas,  nusquam  confluentes,  formantibus. 

Long.  2,2  mm. 

Habitat.  Silhouette. 

Specimen  unicum. 

01.  Elasmus,  sp.  (fig.  62). 

Femina.  Nigro-aenea,  interdum  cyanescens,  capite,  metathcracc  ct  ab- 
dominis basi  viridibus,  metallicis,  abdomine  reliquo  fere  nigro,  dorselli  margine 
flavo-griseo  ;  scapo  ac  pedicello  brunneo-luteis,  hoc  supra  fusco-maculato, 
funiculo  et  clava  concoloribus  vel  brunneis  ;  pedibus  griseo-fuscis,  genubus 
minus  obscuratis  ;   aUs  griseis. 

Foveolae  verticis  et  faciei  diametro  dimidium  ocellorum  aequantes,  spatio 

remotae  earum  diametrum  fere  ubicumque 
sesqui-superante.  Funiculi  articuli  subacquales, 
longitudine  sesquilongiores,  primus  quam  pedi- 
cellus  baud  multo  longior,  sensillis  in  serie  unica 
transverse  dispositis ;  clava  articulis  duobus 
primis  quam    praeclava    brevioribus,  medio  hac 

Fig.  62.— Elasmus,  sp.,  $.  ,      .  ....  j.    ^  r  >.•      i  i 

,    ^.,  latior,  sensilhs  per  totam  fere   articulorum  lon- 

Antcuixa  (x  60).  ^ 

gitudinem  extensis.  Tibiae  posticae  sat  robustae, 
calcari  maiore  1/3  metatar.^i  attingente,  latere  dorsali  confertim  spinuloso,  spinis 
longis  rhombos  extus  formantibus  tres  semisque,  longitudine  duplam  eorum 
latitudinem  non  superantes. 

Long.  2  mm. 

Habitat.  Mahe  :  Fort  Victoria,  Cascade  Estate. — ^Anonyme  Island. — Sil- 
houette :   Mare  aux  Cochons. 

Specimina  duodccim. 

SuBFAM.  EULOPHINAE. 

Gen.  Elachertus  Spinola. 

02.  Elachertus,  sp. 

Mas.  Niger,  nitore  vario,  antennis  scapo  et  pedicello  flavi.s  vel  flavo-rufis, 
funiculo  griseo,  oculis  brunneis,  pedibus  praeter  coxas  posticas  flavis,  alarum 
nervis  pallidis,  abdominis  dorso  testaceo-maculato.  Caput  interdum  nigro- 
viride  ;  prothoracis  dorsum  et  mesothoracis  pars  praeaxillaris,  cum  scutelli 
zona  marginali,  aeneis,  nitore  aureo-purpureo  ;  scutelli  discus  purpureo-vio- 
lascens  ;  metathoracis  dorsum  medio  nigro-viride,  lateribus  nigrum  ;  abdominis 
segmenta,  oblique  inspecta,  nigro-viridia.     Pili  dorsi  pallide  grisei,  oculorum  albi. 

Caput  transversum,  longitudine  sesquilatius,  latitudine  thoracem  fere 
aequans  ;  vertice  acute  pone  ocellos  marginato,  his  in  angulum  fere  rectum 
dispositis,  posterioribus  spatio  duplo  quam  ab  oculis  inter  se  remotis  ;  oculis 
magnis,  sat  dense  pubescentibus  ;  genis  baud  buccatis ;  scrobe  profunda  ; 
superficie   conspicue   reticulato-sulcata,  foveis  non  marginatis  sparse  impressa. 

Antennae  funiculi  articulis  subaequalibus  pedicello  aequilongis,  compressis, 
clava  fortiter  medio  constricta. 

Prothorax  scuto  dimidio  brevior ;  sulci  scapulares  cum  iUis  scutelli  baud 


NOVITATES    ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV.     1917.  -201 

continui.  ab  eis  axillis  medio  dorso  proximis  separati ;  .scutellum  scuto  aequi- 
longum,  latitudine  sua  sesquilonghi.s,  sulcis  impressuni  zonam  marginalem 
limitantibus  et  prope  eius  apicem  hand  coniunctis,  foveis  diiabus  rotundati.s 
in  parte  apicali  zonae  marginali.s,  inter  se  pauUum  remotis,  notatum.  Super- 
ficies scuti  atque  scapularum  grosse  reticuJato-siilcata  ;  areolae  .scutelli  antice 
dimidio  quam  in  scuto  angustiores,  sensim  postice  minores,  in  parte  tertia  apicali 
nullis  ;  axillae  fere  laeves.  Metanotum  medio  politum,  carina  elevata,  sulcata, 
quam  scutellum  sesquibreviore.     Mesothoracis  latera  et  metapleura  laevia. 

Proalae  nervis  stigmatico  et  postmarginali  longis,  hoc  incerte  limitato. 

Calcar  pedum  posticorum  maius  tibiae  apicis  latitudini  aequilongum,  calcar 
minus  multo  brevius. 

Abdomen  petiole  transverso  brevissimo,  thoraci  aequilongum,  vel  segmentis 
posticis  plus  minus  retractis. 

Long.  1-1,1  mm. 

Habitat.  Mahe  :    Cascade  Estate. 

Specimina  duo. 

Adn.  Haec  species  nulli  ex  tribus  generis  sectionibus  quas  Thomson  instituit 
convenire  potest.  In  eius  characteribus  hoc  est  praecipuum  :  vertex  pone 
oculos  acute  marginatus,  alarum  speculum  nullum,  petiolus  transversus,  abdomen 
fere  sessile.  Elachertiis  hyphanteriae  Crawf.,  texana  species,  huic  quam  descripsi 
valde  affinis  videtur,  verum  scapulis  in  angulis  anterioribus  non  insculptis  et 
femoribus  posticis  nigris  differt. 

Gen.  Stenelachistus,  n. 

Hoc  novum  genus  in  subtribii  Elachertinorum,  inter  Elachertum  ( =  Elachi- 
stum)  atque  Stenomesium  ponere  licet,  eiusque  species  duae  nunc  cognitae  eodem 
sunt  colore  subluteo,  maculis  nigris,  qui  est  Stenomesio  rujescenti  Rossii,  aliisque 
huius  generis  speciebus.  Stenelachistiim  a  Stenomesio  thorace,  abdomine  anten- 
nisque,  omnibus  elongatis,  distinguas. 

Generis  Stenelachisti  haec  est  diagnosis  :  Corpore  elongate,  nitore  baud 
metallico ;  vertice  cum  occipite  continue ;  oculis  glabris ;  flagello  longe- 
articulato  ;  scutello  juxta  marginem  foveolis  lincaribus  uniseriatis  vel  etiam 
sulco  continue  impresso  ;  callo  parce  at  longe  piloso  ;  mesosterno  a  pectore 
sulco  longitudinali  discrete,  mesepisterne  pectori  contigue,  inter  mesosternum 
et  epimerum  disposito  ;  proalis  abdomen  superantibus,  cellula  costali  lineari, 
nei've  stigmatico  brevi,  postmarginali  longe  ;  postpetiolo  1/4  abdominis  formante. 
— Quibus  notis  haec  adjicere  licet  :  corpus  colore  lutescente,  nigro-maculatum  ; 
caput  thorace  latius  ;  genae  baud  sulcatae  ;  metanotum  carina  instructum  vel 
carinae  loco  pHois  incurvis,  propinquis,  spatium  angustum  limitantibus,  interdum 
etiam  nucha,  terminatum. 

Species  huius  generis  margine  occipitali,  scutello,  metanote,  nervi  marginalis 
et  articulerum  antennalium  longitudine,  inter  se  valde  differunt. 

Genus  Slenomesioidens  quod  Ashmead  instituit,  secundum  auctoris  tabulas 
analyticas  (deest  enim  descriptio)  a  Stenelachisto  bene  distinguendum  videtur, 
quum  sulcis  scutelli  careat  eiusque  clava  in  articules  tres  sit  divisa. 

63.  Stenelachistus  impressus,  sp.  n.  (figs.  63-65). 
Femina.  Lutea,  nigro-maculata,  a  lis  hyalinis,  nitore  pingui.     Vertice  inter- 
dum rufescente  ;  area  ocellari,  oculis  et  flagello  nigris  ;   pronoto  et  scuto  partim. 


202 


NOVITATES    ZOOLOGICAE    XXTV.     1917. 


scutello  in   dimidio   posteriore,   dorsello   toto,   etiam   nigris ;    tarsorum   apicc, 
abdominis  macula  dorsali  post  medium  sita.  lateribus  ct  apice  fuscis. 

Caput  crassiusculum,  thoraco  latius  proportione  4  :  3,  antice  visum  trian- 
gulare,  longitudine  7/9  latitudinis  aequans  ;  vertice  leniter  arcuato  ;  oculis  sat 
prominulis,  glabris  ;  orbitis  paullum  infra  convergentibus  ;  linea  oculari  inferiore 
1/4  longitudinis  ab  ore  remota  ;  genis  vix  curvatis  ;  peristomio  angusto  ;  clypeo 
baud  discreto,  parte  media  eius  marginis  incisuris  duabus  limitata  ;  antennis 
paullum  supra  lineam  ocularem  infra  medium  faciei  insertis,  ab  oculis  aequo 
spatio  quam  inter  se  remotis.  Forma  capitis  de  latere  ovata  ;  diametrum 
transversum  5/7  longitudinalis  aequans  :  oculus  3/5  capitis  latitudinis  formans  ; 
diametrum  longitudinale  orbitae  quam  transversum  paulJum  longius.  Tempora 
pone  oculos  callo  instructa,  id  est  eminentia  quadam  oblonga,  baud  bene  limitata, 
quae  de  supra  melius  est  inspieienda.  Genae  sine  sulco,  teretes.  Caput  superne 
inspectum  duplo  latius  quam  longius,  diametro  longitudinali  quam  latitudine 
verticis  minima  sesquibreviore,  vertice  terete,  cum  occipite  superficiem  convexam, 
continuam,  formante  ;  pars  pone  oculos,  id  est  tertium  posticum  longitudinis, 
lateribus  valde  obliquis,  modice  curvatis  ;  linea  occipitalis  marginem  elevatum 
collo  adpressum  formans  ;  ocelli  in  triangulum  subaequilaterum  dispositi, 
posteriores  in  linea  oculis  tangentc  dispositi,  ab  his  aequo  spatio  quam  inter  se 
remoti.     Superficies  totius  capitis  laevis. 

Antennae  9-articulatae,  clava  2-art-iculata.  scapo  ocellum  superante,  sat 

longe  rigido-piloso,  pilis  tamen  in 
dorso  brevioribus,  at  magis  numero- 
sis  ;  flagello  elongate,  tenui,  quam 
scapo  triple  longiore,  quam  diametro 
transverse  capitis  fere  duplo  lon- 
giore ;  pedicello  1/3  scapi  longitu- 
dinis et  7/9  funiculi  art.iculorum 
funiculi  articulis  quatuor  triplo  longioribus 
clava  quam  articulo  praccedcnte  fere 


Fig.  63. — Stenelachistua  impresaus,  $. 
Flagellum  (x  -16). 


aequante,  annello  satis  distincto 

quam  latioribus,  breviter  pedunculatis 

sesquilongiore,  baud  crassiore,  articulo  basali  pedicello  aequilongo,  apicali  5/7 

huius  attingente. 

Thorax  baud  robustus,  duplo  longior  quam  latior,  prothorace  sat  longo, 
conico,  supra  quam  mesoscuto  sesquibreviore,  scapulis  sulcis  profundis  separatis, 
mesoscuto  antice  dimidiam  thoracis  latitudinem 
aequante,  aeque  longo  atque  lato  ;  axiUis  superne 
inspectis  scapulis  subaequalibus,  angulis  internis 
satis  remotis,  latere  anteriore  recto  in  lineam 
cum  scutello  disposito  ;  hoc  ultimo  latitudinem 
scuti  aequante,  longitudinem  paullum  superante, 
setis  quatuor  instructo,  lateribus  rectis,  limite 
postico  vix  arcuato,  superficie  foveis  impressa 
elongatis,  latis,  seriem  singulam  formantibus 
unicuique  lateri  parallelam,  his  seriebus  postice 
arcuatim  coniunctis  et  apiccm  scutelli  tangenti- 
bus  ;  dorsello  sat  magno  latitudine  quam  scutello 
sesquibreviore,  in  tota  parte  postica  profunde 
foveis  tribus  transversis,  contiguis,  excavate  ;  metathorace  quam  scutello 
paullum  breviore,  lateribus  curvatis,  parte  postica  angusta  in  nucham  parvam 


Fig.  64. — Slenelachistua 

impreasuSy  $. 

Thoracis  latus  ciun  coxis :  yr,  protliomx ; 

/>rs,    praestomuni:    7113,    mesosternum ;    ep, 

episteraum  ;  pc,  pectus  ;  (tti,  epimerum  ;   m/, 

metapleura;  1.  2.  3,  coxae;  (x  45). 


NOVITATES    ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV.     1017.  203 

semicylindricam.  fere  aeque  longam  atque  latani,  desinentc  ;  carinis  duabus 
metanoti  incurvis,  lineae  mediae  propinquis,  versus  banc  convexis,  spatium 
Hmitantibus  antiee  quam  scutelKmi  dimidio  angustius,  postice  minus  latum 
at  ad  medium  minimum  ;  spiraculis  rotundis  linea  clevata  pro  parte  circumdatis  ; 
callo  pilis  paucis,  circa  8,  valde  longis,  instructo.  Super- 
ficies dorsi  reticulato-sulcata,  metanoti  vero  fere  laevis  ; 
setae  nonnullae  longae,  praecipue  in  scapulis,  ordine  dis- 
positae.  Praesternum  triangulare,  altitudine  quam  eius 
basi  sesquilongiore ;  episternum  mesosterno  et  epimero 
interpositum,  cum  latere  superiore  pectoris  item  atque 
mesosternum  late  coniunctum  ;  hoc  forma  subquad- 
rangulari. 

Proalae  abdomen    superantes,   cellula   costali  baud 
glabra,   angusta,   latitudinem  nei-vi  marginalis  aequante       Fig-  GS.—Stenelachistua 
et  5/7  eius  longitudinis  attingente,  cellula  basali  glabra,  impressus,  ^. 

„    .  ,.  -,  .  Dorsum  cum  abdominis segmento 

superncie    reliqua    tere   tota    sat   dense   pilosa,    speculo  basaii  (x  so). 

nullo,  pilis  fimbriae  apicalis   in   parte   postica   marginis 

magis  elongatis  et  quam  dimidia  nervi  stigmatici  longitudine  brevioribus,  nervo 
marginali  quam  stigmatico  quadruplo  longiore,  hoc  clava  baud  lata,  apice 
acuta,  unco  tenui  instructa,  nervo  postmarginali  4/7  marginalis  attingente, 
duplam  stigmatici  longitudinem  superante.  Alae  metathoracis  angustae,  pilis 
marginis  posterioris  quam  earum  latitudine  maxima  dimidio  brevioribus. 

Pedes  elongati,  tarsorum  articulis  subaequalibus,  postici  unicalcarati,  calcari 
tenui  tibiae  apicis  latitudinem  aequante. 

Abdomen  longitudinem  thoracis  cum  capite  aequans,  thorace  baud  latius, 
elongate  ovatum,  apice  acvito.  Petiolus  vix  conspicuus,  deorsum  versus  ;  post- 
petiolus  mesonoto  subaequilongus  et  1/4  abdominis  occupans.  Superficies 
laevis,  nitida,  longe  at  parce  pilosa. 

Long.  1,8-2,3  mm. 

Habitat.  Silhouette :  "from  cultivated  country  near  coast  at  Pointe  Etienne." 
— ^Mahe  :    "  marshy  coastal  plain  near  Anse  Eoyale." 

Specimina  duo. 


64.  Stenelachistus  brevicomis,  sp.  n. 

Femina.  Lutea,  nigro-macidata,  alls  fere  hyalinis,  nitore  pingui.  Flagellum 
fuscum  ;  verticis  area  ocellaris,  pronotum,  mesoscutum  in  dimidio  anteriore, 
scutellum  totum  cum  dorsello,  episternum,  epimerum,  mesopectus  pro  parte, 
abdominis  latera  et  apex,  nigra. 

Caput  orassum,  superne  visum  fronte  et  occipite  excavatis,  diametro  longi- 
tudinali  1/4  transversi  baud  superante,  parte  pone  oculos  breviore,  occipite 
baud  linea  saliente  marginato,  occllis  angulum  fere  rectum  formantibus,  po- 
sterioribus  ante  lineam  dispositis  orbitis  postice  tangentem  ;  oculis  de  latere 
inspectis  magnis,  subrotundis.  Flagellum  minus  attenuatum,  latitudinem 
capitis  vix  superans,  funiculi  articulis  aequalibus,  latitudine  duplo  longioribus, 
clava  quam  artieulo  praecedente  fere  sesquilongiore. 

Thorax  latitudine  3/4  capitis  aequans.  Mesoscutum  in  linea  media  postice 
impressum  sed  baud  sulcatum.  Axillae  minus  remotae,  ita  ut  scutellum  1/3 
scuti  suturae  latere  anteriore  occupat ;  scutelli  latus  posterius  fortiter  curvatum. 


204  XOVITATES    ZOOLOCICAE    XXIV.    1917. 

superficies  sulco  iuipressa  iitroque  lateri  parallelo,  postice  curvato  at  marginem 
posteriorem  scutelli  non  attingente.  Dorsellum  magnum,  forma  lunata,  postice 
integrum  ac  metathoraci  contiguum.  Metanotum  carina  instructum  quam 
dorsellum  sesquibreviore,  lineis  duabu.s  elevatis  et  contiguis  formata.  Nucha 
nulla.  Superficies  dorsi  praetcr  metanotum  reticulato-sulcata.  Proalae  cellula 
costali  quam  nervo  marginal)  vix  breviore,  hoc  duplam  stigmatici  iongitudinem 
pauUum  superante,  proportione  9  :  4,  quam  nervo  postmarginali  sesquilongiore. 

Abdomen  petiolo  brevi  at  distincto,  longitudinc  thoracem  cum  capite  haud 
superans,  latitudincm  thoracis  fere  aequans. 

Long.  1,6  mm. 

Habitat.  Mahe  :    "  Mare  aux  Cochons  district,  1,000-2,000  ft." 

Specimen  unicum. 

Gen.  Euplectrus  West  wood. 
65.  Euplectras  bicolor  (Swed.)  Hal. 

Pteronialus  bicolor  Swederus,  Svensk.  Vet.-Akad.  nya  Handl.  xvi.  1795.  p.  204. 
Euplectrus  bicolor  Haliday,  Trans.  Enlom.  Soc.  London,  iii.  pi.  4,  1843.  p.  297. 
Euplectrus  bicolor  Thomson,  Hi/men.  Scandin.  v.  1878.  p.  187. 
Euplectrus  bicolor  Maai,  Boll.  Labor.  Zool.  gen.  e  agr.,  Portici,  iii.  1908.  p.  124.  F.  27-29. 

Specimina  :   septem  feminae,  sex  mares. 

Habitat.  Silhouette:  Mare  aux  Cochons. — Mahe:  Cascade  Estate,  "  country 
above  Port  Glaud,"  "high  forest  of  Morne  Blanc  and  Pilot." — Praslin,  Cotes 
d'Or  Estate. 

Species  etiam  in  Britannia,  Alemagna,  Suecia  et  Italia  reperta. 

Characterum  varietatem  quae  in  hac  Eiiplectri  specie  nee  non  in  aliis  eiusdem 
generis  occurrit,  auctores  non  satis  recognovisse  videntur.  Itaquc  species 
nonnullas  quas  iidem  auctores  descripserunt,  bicolori  plus  minus  similes  et  dorsi 
sculptura  eorum  judicio  distinguendas,  non  bene  esse  definitas  existimo.  Quum 
ego  specimina  plurima  Euplectri  bicoloris,  ex  Turingia  atque  Italia  meridionali 
provenientia,  examinaverim,  haec  de  cbaracteribus  obseivavi.  Variat  in  scutello 
reticuli  areolarum  amplitudo,  quum  illae  sint  quam  areolae  scuti  plus  minusve 
maiores,  interdum  etiam  forma  elongatae  atque  paene  lineares,  interdum  vero 
polygonae.  Sed  in  uno  ex  speciminibus  seychellensibus  areolas  dorsales  fere 
ubicumque  eadem  magnitudine  inveni.  Interdum  scuti  carina  huius  partem 
posteriorem  tantum  occupat,  nee  raro  omnino  est  obliterata.  Proalarum  cellula 
basalis  spatiumque  angustum,  quod  est  speculi  loco,  glabra  sunt  vel  pilis  nonnullis 
instructa.  Color  lutescens  cpo  plerumque  capitis  pars  inferior  est  praedita,  in 
speciminibus  cpiibusdam  frontem  fere  totam  occupat,  itemque  macula  eiusdem 
coloris  quae  abdominis  dorsum  ornat,  magnitudine  valde  variat.  Saepe  autem 
funiculus  et  clava  sunt  plus  minus  infuscati,  colore  hoc  versus  antennae  apicem 
sensim  obscuriore  ;  unum  ex  maribus  seychellensibus  flagello  fere  nigro  obseiTavi. 

Gen.  Sympiesis  Forster. 

66.  Sympiesis  laetus,  sp.  n. 

Femina.  Capite,  cum  oculis,  brunneis  ;  scapo  aeruginoso,  flagello  nigro  ; 
thoracis  dorse  abdominisque  basi  laete  viridibus,  exceptis  scutello  atque  meta- 


NOVITATES    ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV.     1!I17.  205 

noto  cyanescentibus ;  thoracis  latciibus  cum  coxis  jjostcrioribiLs  iiigris ;  coxis 
anticis  et  reliquis  pedum  partibus  straminei.s,  tarsorum  apice  infuscato  ;  alarum 
nervis  pallide  brunneis  ;  abdomine  post  segmentum  basale  nigro-aeneo,  lateribus 
cyaneo-nitente. 

Caput  thorace  paullum  latius,  antice  visum  3/4  latitudinis  suae  longitudine 
aequans  ;  oculis  magnis,  prominulis,  glabris,  linea  oculari  inferiore  in  1/6  longi- 
tudinis  ab  ore  remota  ;  genis  brevibus,  convexis  ;  clypeo  baud  discreto  ;  peri- 
stomio  antice  marginato,  integro  ;  mandibulis  7-clentatis,  dentibus  post  secundum 
apicalem  minimis  ;  antennarum  insertionc  1/3  longitudinis  ab  ore  distante  ;  dc 
supra  inspectum  triplo  latius  quam  in  medio  longius,  verticis  latitudine  minima 
dimidium  formante,  ocellis  in  angulum  fere  rectum  dispositis,  anteriore  lineae 
posterioribus  tangenti  contiguo,  his  ab  oculis  et  anteriore  aeque  distantibus, 
inter  se  spatio  sesquilongiore  remotis.  Superficies  minute  reticulata,  infra 
lineam  ocularem  etiam  minus  conspicue  insculpta. 

Antennae  pedicello  latitudine  sesquilongiore,  annello  minimo,  funiculi 
articulis  duobus  primis  et  clava  quam  pedicello  duplo  longioribus,  quarto  sesqui- 
longiore, clavae  articulo  basali  dimidium  superante,  tertio  mucronem  apicalem 
formante. 

Prothorax  conicus,  collari  nuUo,  latitudine  scutum  antice  tantum  discretum 
aequans,  3/5  diametri  transversi  thoracis  baud  superans,  longitudine  quam 
scutum  dimidio  brevier.  Hoc  setis  ternis  in  quoque  latere  instructum  ;  scutellum 
sesquibrevius,  subquadratum,  4-setosum  setisque  anterioribus  angulo  interne 
axillarum  propinquis  ;  metanotum  scutelle  aequilongum,  carina  et  plicis  desti- 
tutum,  postice  hand  marginatum,  area  media  spiraculis  interposita  elevata. 
Epimerum  parvum,  trilaterum,  margins  anteriore  convexo,  reliquis  rectis.  Scul- 
ptura  prothoracis,  mesothoracis  dorsi,  metaneti  cum  metapleura  et  praesterni, 
reticulato-alveolata,  conspicua,  areelis  lineis  valde  elevatis,  crassis,  limitatis, 
forma  varia,  plerumque  quadrangulari  ;  areolae  super  axillas,  scutelli  partem 
mediam  et  metaneti  aream  inter  spiracula,  minores  ;  mesesternum  et  mesopleura 
reticulato-squamcsa,  episternum  sculptura  reticulata  parum  conspicua. 

Proalae  nerve  stigmatico  1/9  marginalis,  1/3  praestigmatis  et  nervi  post- 
marginalis  aequante,  cubite  ad  medium  arcuato  ibique  nervum  spurium  linea 
glabra  indicatum  emittente  ;  pilis  infra  nervum  marginalem  longioribus,  reversis, 
hand  seriatis. 

Tibiae  posticae  calcaribus  brevibus,  subaequalibus.  Tarsi  omnes  articulis 
fere  aequilengis. 

Abdomen  laminate-depressum,  thoraci  cum  capite  aequilongum,  nee  therace 
angustius,  elongate  ellipticum,  apice  acutum  ;  segmente  prime  convexo-mar- 
ginato  quam  secunde  duple  lengiore,  laevi,  nitide,  sequentibus  subaequalibus 
superficie  reticulate-squamesa,  in  seeundo  tamen  fere  obsoleta. 

Long.  3  mm. 

Habitat.  Praslin  :    Cotes  d'Or  Estate. 

Specimen  unicum. 

Ad7i.  A  S.  sericeicorni  Neesi,  specie  generis  typica,  differt  metatherace 
punctulate,  necpic  carina  neque  plicis  neque  cestula  marginali  postica  instructo  ; 
articulis  tarsalibus  subaecpiilongis  ;  abdominis  forma  elliptica  ;  denique  capitis 
pedumque  colore.  Sympiesis  grenarhnsis  How.,  cui  quoque  metanotum  est 
punctulatum,  huius  carina  praecipue  distinguitur. 


206  NOVITATES    ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV.    1917. 

Gen.  Crateulophus,  ii. 

Hoc  genus  in  Eulophinorum  subtribii,  prope  Sympiesidem  et  Dimmockiam 
ponere  licet,  sed  habitu  Micro  plectra  et  Comedoni  (  =  CrntotrecJio)  etiam  accet'it. 
Characteres  eiu.s  praecipui  hi  sunt :  antennae  lO-articulatae,  funiculo  4-articulato  ; 
mandibulae  dentibu.s  sex  instructae  (?  —  dentium  numero  4  certe  superante)  ; 
thorax  robustu.s,  dorso  aspectu  granuloso,  re  vera  minute  atque  dense  punctulato  ; 
scapulae  baud  discretae  ;  scutellum  sulcis  nullis  ;  metanotum  longius,  carinatum, 
manifestc  punctulatum  ;  alarum  nervatura  illae  Sympiesidis  similis  ;  abdomen 
distincte  petiolatum,  thoraci  aequilongum,  forma  ovata,  depressum  ;  denique 
maris  abdomen  spatuliforme,  antennaeque  ramis  tribus  longis  instructae. 

67.   Crateulophus  niger,  sp.  n.  (figs.  66,  67). 

Femina.  Nigra,  metanoto  aeneo,  abdomine  in  dimidio  anteriore  supra  et 
infra  late  ferrugineo-maculato,  oculis  castancis,  ocellis  obscure  rubris,  scapo 
fulvo  vel  flavo-albido,  flagello  fusco,  alis  lenitcr  infumatis  nervis  flavo-fuscis, 
pedibus  praeter  coxas  fulvis,  femoribus  anticis  plerumque  brunneis  vel  nigris, 
setis  dorsi  et  calli  fimbriae  albis. 

Caput  thoraci  aeque  latum,  antice  visum  latitudine  brevius  proportione 
9:  13,  forma  subtriangulari,  vertice  non  arcuato,  inter  ocellos  magis  elevato, 
oculis  magnis,  3/4  longitudinis  extensis,  glabris,  tamen  fortiter  vitro  auctis 
pilis  brevissimis  rarisque  instructis  ;  linea  oculari  inferiore  in  1/5  longitudini', 
antennarum  insertione  in  1/3  a  marginc  orali  remotis  ;  clypeo  angusto  transverse 
lineari,  nitido,  lab  rum  simulante,  interne  costula  subrecta  limitato.  Mandibulae 
6-dentatae.  Vertex  antice  declivis,  margine  postico  oculis  oeellisque  externis 
tangente,  inter  hos  acuto  ;  ocelli  fere  in  lineam  dispositi,  aequo  spatio  inter  se 
atque  ab  oculis  remoti.  Latitudo  capitis  de  latere  inspecti  5/7  longitudinis 
aequans,  oculorum  fere  eadem.  Genae  sulco  parum  conspicuo,  pone  hunc  fere 
obsolete  insculptae.  Facies  sculptura  minute  et  confertim  reticulata  ;  areolae 
lineis  parum  elevatis  limitatae,  infra  antennarum  insertiones  minores,  sub- 
transversae,  super  verticem  minus  conspicuae. 

Antennae  lO-articulatae,  annello  brevissimo,  funiculo  4-articulato,  elava 
articulo  apicaU  minimo.  Scapus  ocellum  anteriorem  fere  attingens,  flagellum 
capite  sesquilongius.  Articuli  funiculi  et  clava  compressi,  pilosuli,  aeque  lati, 
primus  valde  elongatus,  pedicello  sesquilongior,  latitudine  sua  quadruple  longior, 
secundus  atque  tertius  3/4  huius  aequantes,  quartus  paullum  brevior  et  pedicello 
aequilongus  ;  ultimi  item  atque  clava  distincte  pedunculati ;  haec  ovato-acuta, 
articulo  basali  medium  superante. 

Thorax  robustus,  sculptura  dorsi  reticulato-puncfata  quam  capitis  magis 
conspicua.  Prothorax  de  supra  inspectus  brevis.  longitudine  duplo  latior,  in 
utroque  latere  fortiter  sinuatus,  collari  nullo ;  mesonotum  prothorace  longius 
proportione  4  :  3,  setis  paucis  longis  instructum,  scapulis  hand  discretis  ;  scu- 
tellum snbquadratum  scuto  aequilongum,  4-setosum,  baud  sulcatum  ;  dorsellum 
magnum  ;  mctanoti  pars  media  longitudinem  scutelli  fere  aequans,  alte  elevata, 
carina  conspicua,  lateribus  rectis  fere  parallelis,  acute  marginatis,  plicas  spiraculis 
contiguas  simulantibus,  area  triangulari  in  angulis  anterioribus  depressa  et  leniter 
concava,  superficie  tota  sculptura  quam  in  dorso  magis  conspicua.  lineis  areolas 
limitantibus  nitidis  ;  spiracula  magna,  elliptica  ;  callus  longe  pilosus.  Mesc- 
thoracis  partes  laterales,  praeter  epimerum  et  zonam  marginalem  praesterni  ac 


NOVITATES    ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV.     I'.l|7. 


i'07 


Fig.  66. — Crateulophua  niger,  J. 
Antenna  (x  25). 


mesosterni  nitida,  item  atquc  dorsum  iiisculptac  ;    praesternum  ct  metapleura 

magna,  mesosternum  latum  epicnemio  baud  discrete,  episternum  parvum  supra 

epimerum  dispositum. 

Proalae   nervo   marginali   et   postmarginali   longis,   stigmatico  brevissimo, 

posteosta   multisetosa,    nervo   spurio  pilosulo   post 

medium   cubiti  egrediente,   nervo  hoc  ad  medium 

obtusissime  angulatim  plicato,  pilis  marginis  apicalis 

brevibus,  superficie  usque   ad    2/5   longitudinis  fere 

glabra,   setis  nonnullis  longis  sub  nei-vo  marginali 

seriatim  dispositis  atque  reversis ;  cellula  costali  nervo 

marginali  aequilonga,  hoc  cum  postmarginali  ex  basi 

versus  apicem  sensim  attenuate,  nervo  stigmatico  1/6 

marginahs,  2/5  postmarginalis  aequante  (cfr.  fig.  67). 
Tibiae   posticae   calcaribus  duobus  instructae, 

altero  parvo,  altcro  brevissimo. 

Abdomen    ovatum,    fere    laminato-depressum, 

thoracis  longitudinem  atque   latitudinem   aequans, 

petiolo   distincto   sed   brevissimo,    transverse,   seg- 

mento  basali  quam  secundo  duplo  longiore,  convexo- 

marginato,  sequentibus  longitudine  subaequalibus, 

recte   marginatis,  post  segmentum  tertium  minute 

reticulato-sulcatis,  pares  at  longe  pilosis. 
Long.  1,8-2  mm. 
Mas  scapo  plerumque  ferrugineo,  alis  obscurioribus,  dorso  intcrdum  nigrc- 

aeneo,  macula  abdominis  minus  lata,  femore  postico  praeter  1/3  basalem  nigro, 

femore  antico  haud  infuscato  ;  antennis  scapo  versus  apicem  attenuate,  pedicello 

brevi  latitudine  sua  vix  longiore,  annello  fere  inconspicue,  funiculi  articuUs 

tribus  primis  ramum  emit- 
tentibus  medium  clavae 
attingentem  pilisque  ar- 
ticulis  aequilongis  orna- 
tum,  articulo  prime  quam 
secundo  et  tertio  breviere, 
quarto  tribus  praeceden- 
tibus  simul  sumptis  et 
clavae  subaequilengo  ; 
huius  articulis  tribus  quam 
ultimo  funiculi  haud  la- 
tioribus,  basali  longitudi- 
nem apicalium  superante, 
tertio  minus  discrete  ;  ab- 
domine  spatulate,  latitu- 
dine   maxima  in  margine 

segmcnti  quarti   3/4  thoracis  latitudinis  aequante,  segmento  basali  medium  fere 

attingente,  segmentis   reliquis  usque    ad    sextum    sensim    paullum    longieribus, 

superficie  laevibus.      Long.  1,7-2  mm. 

Habitat.  Silhouette  :  Mare  aux  Cochons,  Pointe  Etienne. — Mahe  :    Cascade 

Estate,  and  Pert  Victoria. — Felicite  Island. 
Specimina  11  $$,  5  cJ(j. 


Fig.  67. — Crateulophus  niger,  (J. 
Alae  (X  25). 


208  NOVITATES   ZOOLOGICAE  XXIV.    1917. 

Gen.  Hemiptarsenus  Westwood. 
68.  Hemiptarsenus  antennalis,  sp.  n. 

Femitm.  Viridis,  vel  grisescenti-viridis,  thorace  leniter  aurato,  abdominis 
apice  interdum  obscuro  ;  facie  infra  antennaruni  insertionem  violacea,  supra 
viridi ;  scapo  testaceo  vel  flavo-albido,  latere  superiore  infuscato,  flagello  nigro, 
elava  in  1/3  vel  1/2  apicali  alba  ;  pedibus  cum  coxis  anticis  flavo-albidis,  post 
articulum  primum  tarsorum  gradatim  versus  apicem  obscurioribus,  praetarso 
brunneo  ;    alis  leniter  fumatis,  nervis  et  abdominis  petiolo  flavo-griseis. 

Caput  tegumento  tenui  post  mortem  fortiter  plicato,  oculis  glabris,  super- 
ficie  minute  reticulato-granulosa.  Antennae  flagello  longissimo  thoraci  cum 
capite  aequilongo,  pedicello  brevi,  annello  parv'o,  articulis  funiculi  usc|ue  ad 
tertium  aecjualibus  et  latitudine  fere  quadruple,  quam  pedicello  fere  triple 
longioribus,  articulo  quarto  paullum  breviore  et  vix  latiore,  clava  huic  aequilonga. 

Thorax  latitudine  4/9  longitudinis  aequans.  Mesonotum  antice  valde 
convexo-prodiictum,  conspicue  reticulato-punctatum,  areobs  ante  scutellum 
plerumque  ellipticis,  in  scutello  angustioribus,  fere  linearibus  ;  frenum  lunatum 
et  dorsellum  magnum  laevia,  subnitida.  Metanotum  scutello  brevius,  area 
media  baud  lata,  sulcis  postice  convergentibus  limitata,  superficie  inter  sulcos 
fere  laevi,  carina  et  plicis  nuUis  ;  spiracula  parva,  rotunda,  in  sulco  sat  longe 
a  postscutello  locata.  Praesternum  magnum,  episternimi  in  margine  superiore 
profunde  excavatum,  metapleura  parva  elongate  triangularis. 

Proalae  cellula  costali  angustissima  fere  nervo  marginali  aequilonga,  neivo 
stigmatico  1/5  huius  aequante,  postmarginali  quam  stigmatico  baud  sesqui- 
longiore,  piUs  marginis  apicabs  longis. 

Pedes  graciles,  elongati,  tarsorum  articulis  sensim  brevioribus,  primo  1/3 
tibiae  aequante. 

Petiolus  crassus,  longitudine  paullum  latior. 

Abdomen  longitudinem  mesothoracis  cum  metanoto  aequans,  latitudinem 
superans,  postpetiolo  baud  brevi  1/3  longitudinis  attingente,  polito,  segmentis 
reliquis  aequilongis,  apicali  tantum  sat  conspicue  insculpto. 

Long.  1,4  mm. 

Habitat.  ;\Iahe  :   "  marsh}'  coastal  plains  of  Anse  aux  Pins  and  Anse  Eoyale." 

Specimina  tria. 


Gen.  Sympiesomorpha  Ashmead-  (?). 

Ashmeadi  Sympiesomor phae  characteres,  quos  auctor  in  eius  opere  "  Classi- 
fication of  Chalcid  Flies  "  indicavit,  ad  species  recognoscendas  non  satis  sufficere 
opinor.  Quum  vero  species  tres,  quas  sum  descripturus,  cum  generis  diagnosi 
atque  Syrnpiesomorphae  hrasiliensis  et  obscurae  descriptionibus  conferuntur,  notis 
duabus  praecipue  congruentes  videntur,  quum  Sympiesidibus  persimiles  sint  et  ab 
his  scapulis  plane  separatis  differant.  Eae  venim  a  speciebus  Ashmeadi,  saltim 
a  brasiliensi,  differunt  oculis  glabris,  eaque  quam  ornatam  appello,  metanoto 
etiam  differt  carina  destituto,  abdomineque  thoracis  longitudinem  non 
aequante.  Denique  species  seycheUenses  abdominis  macula  flava  non  sunt 
praeditae. 


NOTITATES    ZOOLOOICAE    XXIV.    1917.  209 

69.  Sympiesomorpha  omata,  sp.  n. 

Femina.  Capite  brunneo,  leniter  purpureo-nitente  ;  oculis  gri.seo-rubris ; 
scapo,  pedicello  annelloque  obscure  luteis,  articuli.s  reliquis  flagelli  fuscis  ; 
thoracis  dorse  fere  toto  viridi-aureo,  setis  albis  instructo  ;  metanoto  cuprescente  ; 
scapulis,  scuto  antice,  atque  thoracis  lateribus,  cum  coxarum  posticarum  basi, 
nigris  ;  macula  prothoraeis  super  coxas  anticas,  coxis  intcrmedus  totis,  posticis 
inter  basim  et  apicem,  aurantiacis  ;  reliquis  pedum  partibus  flavis,  praetarsis 
tantum  leniter  infuscatis  ;  tegulis  etiam  flavis  ;  alarum  nervis  palUde  brunneis  ; 
abdomine  nigricante,  basi  viridi-cyanea,  linea  media  ventrali  flavida. 

Caput  thorace  latius  proportione  6  :  5,  antice  visum  7/9  latitudinis  suae 
longitudine  aequans,  oculis  magnis,  prominulis,  glabris,  linea  oculari  inferiors 
1/5  longitudinis  ab  ore  remota,  clypeo  baud  discrete,  peristomio  antice  niarginato, 
integro,  mandibulis  6-dentatis  (?)  dentibus  post  secundum  apicalem  parvis, 
antennis  mox  supra  lineam  ocularem  insertis  ;  de  supra  inspectum  triple  latius 
quam  in  medio  longius/vertice  .saltim  dimidium  capitis  latitudinis  occupants, 
area  elevata  ecellari  baud  deterniinata,  ocellis  posterioribus  ab  anteriore  et  oculis 
aequo  spatio,  inter  se  spatio  fere  duple,  remotis,  ocello  anteriore  lineae  aliis 
tangenti  prepinque,  eccipite  baud  marginato,  pilosulo.  Superficies  sculptura 
reticulato-sulcata  minuta  et  cenferta  at  parum  conspicua. 

Scapus  ocellum  vix  superans,  flagellum  duplam  capitis  longitudinem  fere 
attingens,  pedicello  brevi,  annello  parvo,  articulis  funiculi  et  clava  compressis, 
sensim  at  vix  conspicue  latioribus,  pilis  eorum  latitudinem  fere  aequantibus, 
baud  numerosis,  instructis  ;  articulis  duebus  primis  funiculi  duple  quam  pedi- 
cello et  quam  latitudine  sua  triple,  longioribus,  articulo  quarto  3/4  longitudinis 
primi  aequante,  clavae  articulo  basali  etiam  breviore,  dimidium  paullo  superants, 
reliquis  subaequalibus. 

Thorax  elengatus,  prethorace  magne,  eonico,  longitudine  in  medio  dorse 
quam  latitudine  maxima  mesethoracis  sesquibreviore  ;  scapulis  bene  discretis, 
scute  antice  convexo-marginato  ;  scutello  2/3  scuti  longitudinis  vix  attingente, 
aequo  longo  atque  late,  latitudine  maxima  post  2/3  eius  longitudinis  sita,  latsribus 
in  tertio  ultimo  curvatis,  setis  anterieribus  angule  postico  axUlarum  propinquis, 
sulcis  nullis  ;  dorsello  magne  duple  latiore  quam  lengiere  ;  metanoto  2/3 
scutelli  longitudinis  aequante,  carina  et  plicis  omnino  destitute.  Spiracula 
magna,  rotundata.  Epimerum  parvum,  triangulare,  antice  recte  marginatum. 
Superficies  dorsi  minute  reticulato-sulcata,  areelis  in  parte  anteriore  scuti  superque 
axUlas  minoribus,  super  scutellum  maioribus,  regularibus  ;  metanotum  minus 
svidenter  insculptum  ;   dorseDum  laeve. 

Proalae  subcestae  parte  ascendents  sensim  crassiore,  quam  nerve  stig- 
matico  duple  lengiere,  hoc  fere  1/8  nervi  marginalis  (2/15)  et  1/3  postmarginalis 
aequante  ;    fimbria  apicali  brevi. 

Calcar  mains  quam  tibiae  apicis  latitude  paullum  brevius. 

Abdomen  ellipticum,  longitudinem  mesethoracis  cum  metanoto  attingens, 
latitudinem  superans ;  petiole  parve,  transverse ;  segmento  prime  quam 
secunde  et  tertio  aequalibus  paullum  lengiere,  fere  tote  laevi,  sequentibus  reticu- 
lato-sulcatis  ;    segmento  apicali  quam  praecedente  multo  breviore. 

Long.  2,6  mm. 

Habitat.  Silhouette  :    Mare  aux  Cochens. 

Specimen  unicum. 

14 


210  NOVITATES    ZOOLOOICAE    XXIV.     1917. 

70.  Synipiesomorpha  pulchella,  sji.  n. 

Fetnina.  Capite  toto,  thorace  pro  parte,  aeruginosis,  pronoto,  inescscuto 
praeter  margines  laterales  et  marginem  anteriorem,  scutello  practer  anteriorem, 
nee  non  metathoracis  dorso,  aureo-viridibus  ;  axillis  extus  nigris,  interius 
aeruginosis  ;  mesosterno  cum  meso-  et  nietapleura  nigris  ;  abdomine  aeneo, 
basi  viridi ;  scapo  luteo,  flagello  nigro-brunneo ;  pedibus  fulvis,  coxis  auran- 
tiacis  ;  tegulis  flavis,  alarum  nervis  brunnco-griseis  ;  linea  oculari  inferiore  in 
l/6,,antennarum  insertione  in  1/3  capitis  longitudinis  sita  ;  metanoto  carina 
tenui  instructo  ;  abdomine  valde  elongate,  thoraccm  cum'  capite  conspicue 
superante,  quani  thorace  hand  latiore.     Long.  3  mm. 

Habitat.  .Silhouette  :    Mare  aux  Cochons. 

Specimen  unicum. 

71.  Sympiesomorpha  modesta,  sp.  n. 

Femiiui.  Viridis,  obscura,  capite  aeneo,  scapulis,  thoracis  latcribus 
abdomineque  subtus,  nigris  ;  antennarum  scapo  luteo,  flagello  brunneo-nigro  ; 
coxis  nigris,  anterioribus  apice  flavidis,  reliciuis  pedum  partibus  flavo-griseis  j 
tegulis  flavis,  alarum  nervis  brunneo-griseis  ;  linea  oculari  inferiore  in  1/6,  anten- 
narum insertione  in  1/3  capitis  longitudinis ;  metanoto  carina  conspicua ; 
abdomine  thoraci  cum  capite  aequilongo,  quam  thorace  baud  latiore.  Long, 
2,5  mm. 

Habitat.  Silhouette  :  "near  sea-level  in  cultivated  countrjr,  Pointe  Etienne." 

Specimen  unicum. 

Gen.  Allomphale  Silvestri. 

Bull.  Labor.  Zool.  gen.  e  agr.,  Portici,  ix.  1914.  y.  217. 

72.  Allomphale  aeraula,  sp.  n. 

Femina.  Obscure  viridis,  subaurea,  capite  opaco,  scapo  ochraceo,  pedicello 
metallico,  funiculo  et  clava  fuscis  ;  thoracis  lateribus  pro  parte  coxisque  fere 
nigris  ;  tibiis  anticis  fuscis,  mediis  in  dimidio  apicali,  posticis  praeter  marginem 
exteriorem,  ochraceis  ;  tarsis  pallide  testaceis,  apice  nigricante  ;  alarum  nervis 
brunneo-griseis  ;  abdominis  dorso  post  segmentum  basale  interdum  cupresccnte  ; 
ocellis  magnis,  posterioribus  spatio  ab  anteriore  remotis  eorum  diametrum  vix 
superante  ;  mesepimero  itcmque  praesterno  conspicue  reticulato-squamosis ; 
metanoto  juxta  costam  transversam  dorsello  contiguam  alveolis  sat  determinatis, 
seriatis,  insculpto. 

Long.  2,5-3  mm. 

Mas.  Scapo  tibiisque  fuscis,  abdomine  post  segmentum  basale,  dimidium 
formans,  nigro.     Long.  1,5  mm. 

Habitat.  Silhouette  ;  Mare  aux  Cochons,  Pointe  Etienne. — Praslin,  Cotes 
d'Or  Estate. — Mahe,  Cascade  Estate. 

Specimina  5  5$,  2  SS. 

Adn.  Species  Allomphalae  mvasolat  Silv.  (I.e.),  unicae  huius  generis  hucus- 
que  inventae,  similis  et  affinis,  ab  ea  differens  colore,  sculptura  dorsi  minus 
minuta,  epimeri  sicut  praesterni  conspicua.  In  Allomphale  cavasolae  epimerum 
sculpturam  reticulato-sulcatam,  areolis  rliombicis  transveisis,  ostendit ;  ocelli 
posteriores  ab  anteriore  distant  spatio  quam  eorum  diametro  duplo  longiore  ; 


NOVITATES    ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV.     1917.  211 

scapus  etiam  in  feminis  fuscus  est  ;  pedes,  praeter  tarsos,  sunt  obscure  cyanei 
vel  violacei.  Speciem  hanc,  cuius  cotypum  examinavi,  Silvestri  in  Colonia 
Erythraea  invenit. 

Gen.  Achrysocharis  C4irault. 
{  =  Closterocerus  Westwood,  partim). 

73.  Achrysocharis  cardigaster,  sp.  n.  (fig.  68). 

Femina.  Aurato-viridis.  nitida,  scapo  pedibusque  cum  coxis,  albis,  tarsorum 
apice  et  fiagello  fuscis,  alis  hyalinis,  nervis  griseo-luteis. 

Funiculus  articulis  aequalibus  quam  pedicello  parum  longioribus  ;  clava 
longitudinem  funiculi  cum  pedicello  fere  aequans.  Meta- 
thorax  area  media  triangulari  indistincte  partibus  ele- 
vatis  limitata,  vertice  antice  verso  parum  a  dorsello 
remoto  ;  spiracidis  parvis,  rotundis,  tubereulis  nulli.s. 
Nervus  stigmaticus,  cum  clava,  pyrifonnis,  dente  post 
medium  oblique  prominente  ;  nervus  postmarginalis 
quam  stigmaticus  baud  Jongior,  sensim  versus  apicem 
attenuatus.  Alae  metathoracis  pilis  marginis  posterioris 
1/4  earum  latitudinis  maximae  nonnihil  superantibus. 
Petiolus  brevis  at  distinctus.  Abdomen  cordiforme, 
subdepressum,  thorace  baud  longius,  paullum  latius,  p-jQ.  &%.— Achrysocharis 
valvula  ventrali  sat  prominula,  segmentis  post  primum  cardigaster,  ?. 

aequalibus,  hoc  quam  ceteris  duplo  longiore.  Abdomen  (x  45). 

Long.  1  mm. 

Habitat.  Mahe  :  "  marshy  ground  near  sea-level  at  Cascade." — Silhouette  : 
Mare  aux  Cochons. 

Specimina  duo. 

Adn.  Species  Glosterocero  formoso  Westw.,  praeter  abdominis  formam, 
similis. 

Gex.  Coccophagus  Westwood. 

74.  Coccophagus  eleaphilus  Silvestri,  var.  n. 

Ooccophagus  eleaphilus  SilTestri,  Boll.  Labor.  Zool.  gen.  e  agr.,  Portici,  is.  1905.  p.  318.  fig.  64. 

Specimina  quinque  ??,  unum  cj. 

Habitat.  Mahe  :   Cascade  Estate. 

Adn.  Speciei  forma  typica,  quam  Silvestri  descripsit,  ab  ipso  in  Colonia 
Erythraea  apud  Nefasit  inventa,  ubi  Philippiae  chrysopfiylhe  larvarum  est 
parasita,  ab  exemplaribus  seychellensibus  pedum  colore  difi'ert.  Hunc  tamcn 
colorem  in  hac  specie  varium  recognovi.  Nam,  exceptis  coxis  mediis  atque 
posticis,  pedes  interdum  omnino  lutei  sunt  ;  hos  Silvestri  femoribus  omnibus 
et  tibiis  posticis  spatio  quodam  nigricantes  descripsit.  Coxae  anticae  interdum 
sunt  nigrae,  tiLiaeque  eiusdem  paris  in  latere  anteriore  brunneo-lutescentes. 
Femora  postica  in  uno  specimine  obscurata,  in  alio  nigra  sunt.  Scutellum 
interdum  omnino  est  luteum,  quo  colore  etiam  dorsellum  praeditum  esse  potest. 
Maris  vero  caput  pedesque  sunt  flavo-citrina.  Equidem  partium  obscurarum 
et  pallidarum  distributionem  in  C.  eleaphilo  variam  esse  opinor,  quod  in  aliis 
generis  speciebus  etiam  fieri  aliquoties  observavi. 


212  NOVITATES   ZOOLOGICAE   XXIV.    1917. 

Huius  varietatis  sensiUi  antennales,  scutelli  setarum  taxis  atque  longitude, 
nervi  stigmatici  forma,  alarum  fimbriae,  seta  prope  apicem  femoris  medii  inserta, 
articuli  tarsalis  primi  longitude  ;  cum  notis  quas  Silvestri  descriptione  vel  figura 
indicavit,  bene  conveniunt. 

Gen.  Tetrastichus  Haliday. 

Tetrasticho  noniini  eandem  significationem  nunc  attribuo,  quae  est  in 
Thomsoni  opere  de  "  Hymenopteris  Scandinaviae,"  quod  mihi  facere  licebit 
secundum  Silvestrii  exemplum  (Boll.  Labor.  Zool.  gen.  eagr.,  Portici)  atque  Water- 
stoni  (Bull.  Entomnl.  Re.search,  London,  vi.  1915)  qui  nuper  species  nonnullas 
descripserunt.  An  sint  Aprostocetiis  et  Geniocerus  valida  genera  vel  subgenera, 
sicut  Kurdjumow  opinatur  {Revue  Russe  d'Ento^n.  xiii.  1913)  nolo  hie  disserere. 
hoc  tantum  dicam,  ii,  meo  judicio,  naturali  specierum  consociationi  repugnare. 
Hie  error  etiam  in  opere  Thomsoni  occurrit,  quum  in  eadem  generis  sectione 
Aprostocctnm  aliasque  species  subcosta  plurisetosa  instructas  auctor  descripserit. 

Species  quatuordecim  quae  sunt  in  collectione  seychellensi,  hac  tabula 
analytica  possunt  dignosci. 

A.  C'apite  thoraceque  rufis.  abdomine  nigro-brunneo.     Parvus  (1  mm.) 

T.  aeruginosus,  sp.  n. 

B.  Corpora  nigro. 

=  Abdomine  quam  thorace  duplo  longiore.     Longitudine  2  mm. 

T.  inmictus  (Nees)  Thoms.  (?). 

=  Abdomine  longitudinem  thoracis  aequante  vel  paullo  longiore.     Statura 

parva. 

+  Proalae  setis  marginalibus  brevibus  .  .     T.  stictococci  Silv.  ( ? ) 

+  Alarum  setis  marginalibus  latitudinem  alae  posterioris  aequantibus. 

T.  longifimbriatus,  sp.  n. 

C.  Colore  corporis  alio. 

=  Abdomine  longo,  acuminate,  saepe  longitudinem  thoracis  cum  capite 
superante. 
+  Abdomine  longitudinem  thoracis  cum  capite  duplo  superante. 

T.  longiventris,  sp.  n. 
+  Abdomine  minus  elongate. 

X  Cerpore  viridi-auree,  nerve  marginali  pedibusque  sulphureis. 

T.  theionevrus,  sp.  n. 
X  Aliter  pictus,  abdominis  dimidio  basali  rufescente. 

*  Funiculi  articulo  prime  quam  secunde  manifesto  breviore. 

T.  dolichocerus,  sp.  n. 

*  Funiculi    articulo    prime    quam    secunde  et  tertio    plus    minus 

longiore. 

—  Preneti  longitudine  margini  postico  scuti  aequali. 

T.  distinguendus,  sp.  n. 

—  Prenote  breviore       ....  T.  agnatus,  sp.  n. 
=  Abdomine  theraci  subaequilengo,  baud  acuminate. 

+  Scute  lateribus  tantum  seteso.  medio  longitudinahter  sulcato. 

X  Cexis  posticis  fere'nigris,  nervo  humerali  seta  una  lenga  instructe. 

T.  nigricoxa,  sp.  n. 


NOVITATES   ZOOLOGICAE   XXIV.    1917.  213 

X  Coxis  posticis  in  latere  exteriore  pro  parte  viridibus.  Nervo  humerali 
seta  tantum  una  longa  antice  instructo.  T.  nigriceps,  sp.  n. 

X  Coxis  posticis  luteis.  Nervo  humerali  .setis  duabus  instructo,  mar- 
ginal! et  stigmatico  crassioribus  .  .  .  T.  dispar,  sp.  n. 
+  Scuto  setis  multis  sparsis  ornato,  sulco  longitudinal!  nullo  ;  coxis 
posticis  luteis. 

X  Thorace  supra  metallico-nitente,  scutello,  interdum  scuto,  pur- 
pureis,  setis  super  hoc  tenuibus         .  .       T.  metallijerus,  s^p.  n. 

X  Thorace  supra  plus  minus  obscure  virescente,  setis  super  scutum 
brevibus  nee  tenuibus   .  .  .  .     T.  hagenoivii  (Ratz.). 

75.  Tetrastichus  longiventris,  sp.  n. 

Femina.  Aurato-viridis,  abdomine  fere  toto  nigricante,  terebrae  valvis 
nigris  ;  ocuhs  griseo-rubris  ;  antennis  brunneis,  pedicello  lutescente  ;  facie  infra 
lineam  ocularem,  tegulis,  coxis  anterioribus  ajDice  et  reliquis  pedum  partibus, 
pallida  flavis,  excepto  tamen  tarsorum  articulo  apicali  plus  minus  infuscato  ; 
alarum  nervis  griseis. 

Flagellum  thoraci  subaequilongum,  articulo  primo  funiculi  triple  longiore 
quam  latiore,  secundo  et  tertio  sensim  brevioribus,  latioribus,  tertio  autem  lati- 
tudine  sua  pauLlum  longiore  ;  clava  articulo  primo  funiculi  fere  aequilonga, 
quam  praeclava  paullum  latiore. 

Pronotum  minute,  at  evideiiter,  reticulatum.  Mesothoracis  dorsum  con- 
fertim,  minute,  in  longitudinem  striatum.  Scutum  haud  medio  sulcatum, 
postice  leniter  concavo-marginatum,  setis  prope  margines  laterales  ternis  in- 
structum.  Scutellum  scuto  fere  aequilongum,  extremitatibus  anterioribus 
sulci  submediani  cxternique  ab  extremitate  sulci  scapularis  aeque  remotis, 
spatio  mediano  quam  submedianis  sesquilatiore.  Metathorax  dorsello  magno, 
quam  scutello  triplo  tantum  brcviore,  carina  dimidiam  dorselli  longitudinem  vix 
aequante,  superficie  reticulata,  sulcis  lateralibus  fortiter  impressis,  parte  postica 
profunde  excavata.  Praesternum  minute  reticulatum  ;  mesosternum  sculptura 
parum  conspicua,  superne  areolis  reticuli  transversis  ;  episternum  fere  laeve  ; 
epimerum  magnum,  triangulare,  sutura  recta  cum  episterno  coniunctum,  angulo 
superiore  ad  altitudinem  metapleurae  desinente,  lineis  subtilibus  sat  grosse 
reticulatum.     Metapleura  parva,  basi  angusta. 

Proalae  apicem  tergiti  apicalis  attingentes,  duplo  longiores  quam  latiores, 
nervo  marginali  quam  cellula  costali  sesquilongiore,  quadruplam  stigmatici 
longitudinem  vix  superante  ;  postcosta  bisetosa,  seta  prima  nonnihil  radiculae 
propinqua  ;  speculo  non  ultra  praestigma  extenso  ;  pilis  fimbriae  in  dimidio 
inferiore  marginis  apicalis  quam  illis  superficiei  sesquilongioribus,  pilis  nervi 
marginalis  2/3  nervi  stigmatici  vel  dimidium  aequantibus.  Alae  metathoracis 
in  dimidio  apicali  latiusculae,  apice  acutae,  margine  posteriore  prope  apicem 
fortius  curvato,  pilis  marginis  anterioris  brevissimis,  posterioris  1/3  carum 
latitudinis  aequantibus. 

Pedes  tenues,  tarsorum  articulis  .subaequalibus. 

Abdomen  quam  thorax  cum  capite  duplo  longius,  compressum,  longe 
acuminatum,  terebrae  valvis  1/5  totius  longitudinis  formantibus. 

Long.  2,5  mm. 

Habitat.  Silhouette. 


214  NOVITATES    ZOOLOCItAE    XXIV.     1917. 

Specimen  unicuni. 

Adn.  Hanc  specicm  Aprostoceto  quadrimaculato  Forst.  proximam  esse 
opinor.  Eius  charactercs  praecipui  in  abdominis  colore  ac  forma,  tercbrae 
longitudine,  alae  metathoracis  fimbria  et  apice  acuto,  prcalanim  magnitiidinc, 
scutelli  sulco  nullo,  flagello  quam  thorace  paullum  breviore,  funiculi  articulis 
apicem  versus  sensim  curtantibus.  sunt  quaerendi. 

70.  Tetrasticlius  dolichocerus,  sp.  n. 

Femina.  Capite  thoraceque  saturate  viridibus.  nitore  dorsi  subaurco  vel 
cyaneo  ;  oris  margine  pallido,  oculis  obscure  rubris,  funiculo  et  clava  brunneis, 
pediceUo  et  scape  dilute  brunneis,  hoc  ultimo  interdum  griseo-albido  ;  pedibus 
cum  coxis  anterioribus  coxisque  posticis  in  dimidio  apicali,  ligncis,  praetarso 
nigro  ;  alarum  nervis  griseis  ;  abdomine  basi  ventreque  fere  toto  aeruginosis, 
superficic  reliqua  obscure  viridi. 

Antennae  elongatae  ;  flagellum  tlioracis  longitudinem  superans  (prcportione 
5  :  4),  pediceUo  brevi,  articulo  primo  funiculi  quam  hoc  paullum  longiore,  quam 
secundo  et  tertio  fere  dimidio  vel  sesquibreviore  ;  clava  cjuam  articulo  praece- 
dente  sesquilongiore,  articulo  basali  dimidium  eius  attingente. 

Pronotum  breve,  longitudine  dimidium  marginis  posterioris  scuti  baud 
superans,  superficie  reticulata.  Scutum  medio  sulcatum,  interdum  sulco  linea 
obscura,  laevi,  tantum  indicato,  prope  margines  laterales  setis  binis  instructum, 
superficie,  item  atque  scutelU,  confertim  et  minute  in  longitudinem  striata. 
Alae  metathoracis  versus  apicem  minus  attenuatae,  extreme  apice  haud  acuto, 
pilis  margini.s  posterioris  dimidiam  earum  latitudinem  non  attingentibus.  Pedes 
valde  longi.  postici  abdominis  apicem  articulo  primo  tarsali  attingentes  ;  tarsi 
omnes  attenuati. 

Abdomen  longitudinem  thoracis  cum  capite  aequans.  tercbrae  valvis  1/6 
totius  longitudinis  promincntibus. 

Long.  1.3-1,6  mm. 

Mns  diffcrt  abdomine  thoraci  acquilongo.  basi  et  dimidio  apicali  brunneis, 
in  parte  media  lutescente  ;  flagello  tcnui  thoraci  cum  capite  acquilongo,  funiculi 
articuUs  aequalibus,  quadruple  longioribus  quam  latioribus  et  pilis  eorum  longi- 
tudinem non  superantibus.  setis  anterioribus  elongatis  nullis.  clava  quam  articulo 
praecedente  sesquilongiore,  coxis  anticis  funiculi  articulis  aequilongis. 

Long.  1 ,3  mm. 

Habitat.  Mahe  :  "Cascade  Estate,  at  about  1,000  ft.,  and  near  sea-level; 
marshy  coastal  plain  near  Anse  Royale." — Silhouette  ;    Mare  aux  Cochons. 

Specimina  4  $$,  1    cJ. 

Adn.  Huius  specie!  hi  sunt  charactercs  praecipui  :  flagcUi  longitudo,  funi- 
culi articulus  secundus  atque  tertiiis  j)rimo  valde  longiores,  tertius  autem  clavae 
articulo  basali  vel  scilicet  duobus  apicalibus  simul  sumptis  acquilongus,  scutum 
haud  sulcatum,  abdomen  basi  rufescens. 

77.  Tetrastichus  distinguendus,  sp.  n. 

Femina.  Praecedenti  similis,  praecipue  differt  scapo  brunnco,  flagello 
pallidiore,  pedicelli  margine  apicali  pilisque  albidis  ;  aUs  lenissime  griseo-vire- 
scentibus,  anguste  fiisco-limbatis,  nervis  brunneis  ;  tarsis  articulo  apicali  plus 
minus   infuscato  ;     flagello   thoracis  longitudinem   parum   superante  ;    articulo 


NOVITATES    ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV.     1917.  215 

primo  funiculi  quam  pedicello  fere  duplo  longiore,  quam  secundo  et  tertio  aequaii- 
bus  sequilongiore  et  clavae  aequilongo,  hac  in  articulos  aequales  divisa  ;  pronoto 
haud  brevi,  longitudine  marginem  posteriorem  scuti  aequante  et  superficie 
conspicue  reticulata,  prope  marginem  posticum,  ad  medium,  siilco  transverse 
impressa  ;  scuto  et  scutello  omnino  subtilissime  strigosis,  modice  vitro  auctis 
polit.is,  nitidis  ;  scuti  sulco  vix  indicate  vel  nullo  ;  pilis  in  margine  apicali  proalae 
quam  in  superficie  triple  vel  quadruple  lengioribus ;  alis  metathoracis  pilis 
fimbriae  quam  earum  latitudine  pauUum  brevioribus  (propertione  7:11); 
abdomine  quam  thorace  longiore  proportiene  5  :  3,  latitudine  1/3  longitudinis 
suae  nen  attingente,  segmentis  3.-5.  aequalibus,  terebrae  valvis  1/6  totius 
lengitudinis  prominentibus. 

Long.  1,6  mm. 

Habitat.  Mahe  :    "Mare  aux  Cochons  district,  1,000-2,000  ft." 

Specimina  duo. 
'  Achi.  Species  haec,  habitu  praecedenti  vakle  similis,  diflert  articulo  primo 
funiculi  quam  secundo  ac  tertio,  qui  sunt  longitudine  aequales,  conspicue  longiore, 
clavae  articulis  tribus  etiam  aequalibus,  pronoto  longo,  scuto  hand  sulcato 
vel  tantum  vestigio  sulci  impresso,  .superficie  minutissime  striata,  ita  ut  si 
modice  vitro  sit  aucta,  magis  quam  in  specie  praecedente  polita  ac  nitida 
videatur,  denique  alarum  fimbria  atque  colore,  nee  non  articulo  quarto 
tarsorum  et  praetarso  brunneis.  In  specie  praecedente  praetarsus  tantum 
est  infuscatus. 


78.  Tetrastichus  agnatus,  sp.  n. 

Femina.  T.  dolichocero  et  T.  distinguendo  similis,  capitis  dimidio  inferiore, 
vel  etiam  facie  fere  tota,  flavo-albidis,  antennis  scapo  ac  pedicello  brunnec- 
iuteis,  reliqua  parte  obscurioribus,  alis  vitreis,  praetarsisinfuscatis  ;  flagello  longi- 
tudinem  thoracis  fere  attingente,  funiculi  articulis  atque  pedicello  subaequahbus, 
primo  tamen  funiculi  longiore,  clava  quam  articulo  praecedente  sesquilongiore, 
ftequaliter  divisa  ;  pronoto  brevi  ;  scuto  sulco  medio  magis  minusve  profunde 
impresso,  superficie  conspicue  striata  ;  alis  posterioribus  apice  acuto  terniinatis, 
fimbria  longa  ;  pedibus  brevioribus  ;  tarsis  posticis  non  attenuatis,  articulis 
subaequilongis  ;  abdomine  longitudinem  thoracis  cum  capite  non  supcrantc, 
terebrae  valvis  1/6  eius  longitudinis  prominentibus. 

Long.  1,3  mm. 

Habitat.  Anonj'me  Island  ("a  cultivated  islet  near  Mahe"). 

Specimina  duo. 

Adn.  Species  characteribus  T.  dolichocero  simulque  T.  distinguendo  simiUs. 
At  eius  abdomen  minus  est  elongatum,  sunt  pedes  breviores  et  graciliores,  funi- 
culi articulus  primus  quam  secundus  vel  tertius  paullo  longior,  capitis  dimidiuni 
inferius  albicans.  Ex  speciminibus  altero  setae  sunt  duae  juxta  sulcum  scapu- 
larum  insertae,  altero  tres,  primo  pedes  leniter  obscurati,  secundo  pallidi. 


79.  Tetrastichus  theioneurus,  sp.  n.  (fig.  69). 

Femina.  Aurato-viridis,  nitcns  ;  oeulis  obscure  rubris  ;  scapo  lutescenti- 
brunneo,  subtus  pallido,  interdum  obscure  luteo,  pedicello  concolore,  flagello 
griseo-brunneo  ;  pedibus  cum  coxis  anterioribus,  coxis  posticis  in  dimidio  apicali, 


,216 


NOVITATES    ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV.    1917. 


Fig.  69. — Tetraatiehus  theiomuru/i,  $. 

1,  flageUum  (x  65);  2,  ala  mctathoracis  (x  45). 


pallide  sulphnreis  ;  tarsorum  articulo  ultimo  brunneo,  tarsis  anticis,  interdum 
posticis,  flavo-fuscis  ;  alls  hyalinis,  nervis  alae  posterioris,  anterioris  saltirn 
marginali,  item  atque  pedibus,  pallide  sulphureis  ;    terebrae  valvis  nigris. 

Caput  antice  visum  rotundato-triangulare,  transversum,  cculis  glabris, 
genis  modice  curvatis,  peristomio  angusto,  superficie  item  atque  scutum  insculpta, 
punctis  pilifcris  sparsis  parum  conspicuis  ;  antennis  in  media  facie  paullum 
supra    lineam    ocularcm    insertis.     Flagellum    longitudinem    prothoracis    cum 

mesothoracc  aequan.s,  pedicello 
brevi,  hoe  et  funiculi  articulis  tri- 
bus  aequilongis,  articulo  primo 
cum  annellis  arete  contiguis  quam 
sequentibus  evidenter  longiore, 
sccundo  et  tertio  sensim  paullum 
latioribu.s,  pilis  instructis  eorum 
longitudinem  aequantibus,  clava 
quam  articulo  tertio  fere  duple 
longiore,  articulis  aequalibus. 

pScuttim  hand  medio  sulcatum, 
prope  margines  laterales  set  is  binis 
vel  ternis  instructum,  margine  postico  leniter  concavo,  superficie  reticulata, 
areolis  rhombicis  valde  elongatis,  fere  linearibus,  lenissime  excavatis.  Scutellum 
scuto  sesquibrevius,  de  supra  inspectum  spatio  mediano  quam  submedianis  bis 
et  dimidio  latiore,  extremitatibus  anterioribus  sulci  submediani  et  extern!  ab 
ilia  sulci  scapula  ris  aecjue  remotis,  sensillo  punctiformi  mox  pone  setas  anteriores 
instructum,  superficie  confertim  et  minute  in  longitudinem  striata.  Meta- 
thorax  postice  truncatus,  dorsello  magno  quam  scutello  fere  dimidio  breviore, 
tecti  instar  in  longitudinem  angulato-plicato,  sulcis  tenuissimis  diificulter  in- 
spiciendis  reticulato  ;  superficie  metanoti  reticulata  ;  carina  dorsello  aequilonga. 
Metapleura  magna,  basi  lata,  quam  epimerum  superficie  maior  ;  hoc  superne 
apice  rotundato  3/4  metapleurae  longitudinis  attingens. 

Proalae  abdomen  superantes,  longitudine  triplum  fere  earum  latitudinis 
aequantes  :  nervo  marginali  quam  cellula  costali  sesquilongiore  et  quintuplam 
nervi  stigmatici  longitudinem  fere  attingente,  pilis  ornato  nervo  stigmatico 
aequilongis  ;  postcosta  bisetosa,  setis  aeque  ab  eius  extremitatibus  et  inter  se 
remotis  ;  speculo  fere  nullo,  non  ultra  praestigma  extenso  ;  superficie  in  dimidio 
apicali  pilis  brevibus  sat  confertis  instructa  ;  pilis  fimbriae  his  quadruple  longiori- 
bus.  Alae  mctathoracis  itpice  baud  rotundato.  pilis  marginis  posterioris  dimidia 
earum  latitudine  vix  longioribus. 

Pedes  tenues,  antici  articulis  tarsi  subaequalibus,  fere  quintuple  longioribus 
quam  latioribus  ;  prime  spinis  confertis  seriatis  instructo  ;  pedes  postici  articuli.s 
tarsalibus,  praecipue  1.  et  2.,  longioribus. 

Abdomen    elongate    ovatum,    acuminatum,    quam    thorax    duple    longius, 
lateribus  baud  cempressum,  terebrae  valvis  1/4  totius  longitudinis  prominentibus, 
superficie  reticulate-squamosa. 
Long.   1,4-1,6  mm. 

Habitat.   "  iSilhouette  ;    Mare  aux   Coehens.   and   from   near  the  coast  at 
Pointe  Etienne.— Mahe  :  Cascade  Estate,  about   1.000  ft.,  and  marshy  coastal 
plains  near  Anse  Royale." 
Specimina  20  ??. 


XOVITATES    ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV.    1917.  217 

Variekis.  Specimina  duo  ?$,  thoracis  area  dorsali  incerte  limitata,  ab- 
dominis diniidio  anteriore  ventreque  fere  toto  obscure  ferrugineis. 
Habitat.  JIahe.  "  Cascade  Estate,  and  near  Anse  Royale."' 
Adn.  Species  ab  affinibus  hie  descriptis,  scilicet  Tetrasticho  longiventri, 
dislinguendo,  agnaio,  qui  autem  omnes  generi  Aprostoceto  secundum  Kurdjumow 
pertinerent,  praecipue  differt  colore,  tarsorum  anticorum  articulo  basali  serie 
conferta  spinarum  munito,  funiculi  articulis  subaequalibus,  seuto  baud  medio 
sulcato. 

80.  Tetrastichus  inunctus  (Nees)  Thomson  (?)  (figs.  70,  71). 

(?)  Eulophus  inunctus  Nees,  Hi/men.  Ichneum.  affin.  Monogr.  ii.  1834.  p.  183.  ?. 

(?)  Entedon  oleinus  Ratzeburg,  Ichneum.  d.  Forstinsect.  ii.  1848.  p.  169. 

(?)  Tetrastichus  inunctus  Thomson,  Hymen.  Scandin.  v.   1878.  p.  294. 

(?)  Oeniocerus  inunctus  Kurdjumow,  Revue  Russe  d'Entom.  xiii.  1913.  p.  249  (tabula  analytica). 

Femina.  Brunneo-nigra,  abdomine  et  thoracis  lateribus  subnitidis,  dorso 
opaco,  oculis  griseo-rubris,  antennis  fere  totis  grisescenti-brunneis,  alls  hyalinis  ; 
his  partibus  luteis  ;  peristomio,  orbitarum  margine  anteriore,  scapo  subtus, 
tegulis  et  alarum  nervis,  dorsello,  fcmoribus  anticis  in  dimidio  apicali,  posterioribus 
basi  et  apice,  tibiis,  tarsisque  fere  totis  ;  articulo  apicali  tarsorum  brunneo, 
interdum  articulis  1.-3.  tarsi  antici  griseis  ;  sulco  praeocellari  lineisque  ab  ore 
ad  antennarum  inscrtionem  saepe  brunneo-luteis. 

Caput  thoracis  latitudinem  aequans,  antice  visum  subtriangulare,  paullum 
longitudine  latius,  facie  post 
mortem  foveam  semicylin- 
dricam  formante,  superficie 
punctis  piliferis  conspicuis 
sparsis,  minute  reticulata, 
areolis  infra  antennarum  in- 
sertiones  regulariter  poly- 
gonis,  in  reliqua  facie  rhom- 
bicis  et  oblique  seriatis. 
Antennae  scapo  subcom- 
presso,    pedicello   sat  longo, 

,.       ■      ,.         .  ■      1-  1  1-  Fig.  70. — Tetrastichus  inunctus,  ?. 

luniculi  articulis  subaequali- 

i  Antenna  (X  90). 

bus,    primo  longitudine  fere 

quadruplam  latitudinem  aec^uante,  secundo  huic  aequilongo,  vix  latiore,  tertio 
paullum  breviore,  proportione  7  :  8,  et  latitudine  dimidiam  longitudinem  parum 
superante  ;  clava  quam  articulo  praecedente  duplo  longiore,  maiore  latitudine 
et  articulo  basali  medium  eius  fere  attingente. 

Scutum  magnum,  convexum,  sulco  medio  baud  profunde  impresso,  prope 
margines  laterales  setis  instructum  brevibus,  tenuibus,  difficulter  inspiciendis, 
aliis  ad  marginem  subseriatis,  aliis  paucis  remotioribus,  sparsis  ;  superficie  in 
dimidio  postico  et  lateribus  foveolis  oblongis,  contiguis,  alte  et  crasse  marginatis, 
oblique  subseriatis,  minute  insculpta,  antice,  in  area  semicirculari,  reticulato- 
punctata,  foveolis  etiam  minoribus,  subrotundis,  acute  marginatis.  Scutellum 
quam  scutum  sesquibrevius,  superne  inspectum  spatio  inter  sulcos  medios 
duplo  quam  spatiis  submedianis  latiore,  his  in  medio  lateris  anterioris  cum  sulco 
scapulari  contiguis  ;  superficie  in  longitudinem  confertim  ac  minute  striata, 
sculptura  a  mesoscuto  valde  diff  erente.     Dorsellum  lineare  transversum.     Metano- 


218 


NOVITATES    ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV.     IfllT. 


FlO. 


turn  breve,  medio  quam  tlorsellum  vix  longhis,  ibique,  carinac  loco,  area  elevata 
instructum  subquadrata,  costis  transversis  anticis  et  posticis  confluentibus 
formata  ;  superficie  minute  reticulata,  sulco  spiraculi  inconspicuo.  Meso- 
sternum  linea  duplicata  fortiter  cuirata  postice  marginatum  ;  epimerum  mecliam 
metapleurae  longitudincm  apice  rotundato  baud  superans.  cum  episterno  sutura 
lenissime  curvata  coniimctum.  Praesternum  sicut  dimidium  scuti  posterius 
et  prothoracis  latera  et  metapleura,  reticulata  ;  mesosternum  sculptura  minus 
conspicua  ;    epimerum  minute  reticulato-sulcatum  ;    episternum  laeve. 

Proalae  abdominis  apicem  vix  superantes,  latitudinc  dimidiam  longitudincm 
fere   attingentes ;     subcosta    4-setosa  ;     nervo    marginali   quam   cellula   costali 

longiore  proportione  7  :  4,  quam 
stigmatico  ]3roportione  9:2; 
speculo  antice  non  ultra  1/3  nervi 
marginalia  extenso,  praestigma 
saepe  non  superante  ;  nervo  basali 
plerumque  bisetoso,  cubitali  prope 
cellulam  basalem  saepius  glabro  ; 
superficie  in  parte  dimidia  basali 
pilis  baud  frequcntibus.  sat  longis, 
instructa,  in  dimidia  apicali  bre- 
vioribus.  magis  confertis,  quam 
fimbriae  apicalis  dimidio  breviori- 
bus.  Alae  metathoracis  margine 
anteriore  usque  ad  apicem  fere 
recto,  pilis  marginis  posterioris  1/4 
earum  latitudinis  fere  aequantibus. 
Pedes  robusti,  postici  coxis  in  latere  exteriore  reticulatis,  in  anteriore 
confertim  striatis,  femoribus  crassis,  quam  anterioribus  fere  duplo  latioribus 
Tarsi  omnes  articulo  apicali  quam  ceteris  siibacqualibus  longiore. 

Abdomen  thorace  fere  duplo  longius,  triquetrum,  apice  acuminatum, 
terebrae  valvis  spatio  tergito  ultimo  aequilongo  promincntibus ;  superficie 
reticulata. 

Long.  2-2,3  mm. 

Habitat.  "  Silhouette  :    from  near  Mont  Pot-a-eau  and  Mare  aux  Cochons, 
1,000-2,000  ft.— Mahe  :    Cascade  Estate,  about  1,000  ft.  ;    Mare  aux  Cochons 
district,  1,000-2,000  ft.,  etc." 
Specimina  35. 

Varietas.  Scapo  atque  pedicello,  linea  pracocellari  lineisciue  ab  ore  ad 
insertiones  antennarum  luteis  ;  margine  orbitali  anteriore  haud  flavo-lineato  ; 
femoribus  luteis,  posticis  tantum  in  latere  dorsali  fusco-umbratis  vel  macula 
brunnea  notatis  ;  coxis  anticis  interdum  fere  totis  luteis  ;  alis  haud  hyalinis  ; 
scuto  minus  opaco  et  sculptura  scutello  simili,  setis  uniseriatis. 

Habitat.     Mahe  :    "  high  forest  of  Morne  Blanc  and  Pilot,  about  2,000  ft.  ; 
summit  of  Mount  Sebert,  about  1,800  ft.,  etc." 
Specimina  4  ?2. 

Adn.  An  sint  huic  speciei  exemplaria  quae  descripsi  attribuenda,  non  sane 
qiiidem  mihi  certum  est,  etsi  cum  descriptionibus  satis  congruant  :  nam  cum 
Neesi  diagnosi  hoc  tantum  non  conveniunt,  abdomine  thoraci  aequilongo, 
femoribus  apice  obscuris.     Ratzeburgi  descriptio  varietati  attribuenda  videtur. 


71. — Tetraatichus  inunciua,  $. 
Alae  (X  26). 


NOVITATES    ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV.     1917.  210 

81.  Tetrastichus  hagenowii  (Ratz.). 

Entedon  Hagenowii  Ratzeburg,  Ichneum.  d.  Forstins.  iii.  1852.  p.  211. 
Tetrastichus  hagenowii  Ashmead,  Fauna  Hawaiiensis,  i.  Cambridge  1901.  p.  329. 
Genioceriis  hagenowii  Kurdjumow,  Revue  Russe  d'Entom.  xiii.  1913.  p.  249  (tabula  analytica). 
Geniocerus  hagenowii  Craviiovd,  Proceed.  U.S.  Nat.  Musetim,  xlviii.  1915.  p.  584.  $  (fig.  antennfe). 

Femina.  Aeneo-viridis,  abdomine  saepius  in  doKO,  praeter  ba.sim  et 
apiceni,  violascenti-nigro,  basi  brevi  .spatio  flavo-grisea  ;  flagello  gri^^ec-brunneo 
versus  apicem  plerumque  pallido-pubescente  ;  scapo,  pedicello,  abdominis 
petiolo  pedibusque  fere  totis  luteis  ;  coxis  anticis  briinneis  vel  aeneis,  tarsorum 
apice  nigi'o  ;   alls  lenissime  iniumatis,  nervis  dilute  brunneis. 

Caput  minute  reticulatum,  areolis  frontis  paullum  elongatis,  oblique  sub- 
seriatis,  infra  antennarum  insertiones  minimis  ac  subrotundis ;  punctis  {)iliferis 
parum  conspicuis,  confertis  sed  leniter  impressis  ;  oculis  parce,  breviter,  pilosis. 

Flagellum  capitis  latitudinem  paullo  superans,  pedicello  triple  longiore  quam 
latiore,  annellis  quatuor,  si  fortiter  vitro  auctis  manifestis,  quorum  ultimus 
postannello  connatus,  articuUs  sequentibus  sat  longe  pilosis,  primo  funiculi 
elongato,  pedicellum  longitudine  et  latitudine  nonnihil  superante  et  clavae 
aequilongo,  secundo  ac  tertio  subaequalibus,  quam  jsrimo  sesquibrevioribus, 
secundo  interdum  4/5  prinii,  tertio  .3/5,  aequantibus. 

Thorax  robustus,  latitudine  3/4  eius  longitudinir.  baud  superans.  Dorsum 
convexum,  sculptura  reticulata,  areolis  super  scutum  niinutis.  elongatis,  angustis, 
fere  omnibus  rhombicis,  in  eius  parte  anteriore  minoribus,  super  scutellum 
etiam  minus  conspicuis,  plerumque  rectangvilaribus,  in  longitudinem  seriatis. 
Dorsellum  atque  metanotum  nitida,  reticulo  lineis  modice  elevatis,  sultilibus, 
formato.  Scutum  tecti  instar  in  angulum  obtusissimum  plicatum,  fovt  is  pili- 
feris  conspicuis  20-28  sparsis  impressum.  Scutellum  acque  longum  atque  latum, 
superne  inspectum  area  media  quam  submedianis  duplo  laticre,  setis  anterioribus 
post  2/3  longitudinis  in.'^ertis.  stnsillis  inter  setas  utriusque  lateris  nuUis. 
Metanotum  conspicue  carinatum,  carina  postice  areolam  triangulartm  formante, 
deinde  costas  duas  metathoracem  limitantcs  emittente.  Metapleura  reticulato- 
sulcata,  areolis  baud  elongatis.  Prcthoracis  latera  atque  praesternum  reticu- 
lato-alveolata.  Mesosternum  et  mesopleura  subtiliter  reticulato-sulcata  ;  epi- 
merum  triangulare,  apice  2/3  metapleurae  longitudinis  attingens. 

Proalae  longitudinem  thoracis  cum  abdcmine  ft  re  aequantcs,  earum  lati- 
tudine longiores  proportione  21  :  50  ;  margine  apicali  bene  rotundato  ;  postcosta 
setis  quatuor  vel  quinque,  interdum  septem  instructa  ;  nervo  marginal!  quam 
cellula  costali  longiore  proportione  7  :  6,  quadruplara  nervi  stigmatici  longi- 
tudinem superante  (proportione  35  :  8)  setisque  2/3  huius  nervi  aequantibus 
instructo  ;  speculo  non  ultra  praestigma  extenso,  setarum  serie  neivi  cubitalis 
a  cellula  basali  incipiente.  Alae  metathoraeis  pilis  marginis  posterioris  1/4 
earum  latitudinis  parum  superantibus. 

Pedes  longiu.^cuii,  antici  articuhs  tarsalibus  primo  et  secundo  aequilongis, 
tertio  et  quarto  vix  brevioribus,  etiam  aequilongis  ;  postici  articulo  tarsali 
primo  elongato,  secundo  3/4  huius  aequante,  tertio  et  quarto  subaequalibus 
dimidiam  primi  longitudinem  vix  attingentibus  ;  intermedii  articulis  sicut  in 
pedibus  posticis  at  paulhim  brevioribus. 

Abdomen  oblonge  ovatum,  apice  acvito,  longitudinem  thcracis  cum  capite 
aequans,  superficie  reticulato-sulcata. 


•220  NOVITATES   ZOOLOGICAE   XXIV.    1917. 

Long.  1,6 — 1,9  mm. 

Mas  antennarum  annellis  vix  conspicuis,  funiculi  aiticulis  aeqiialibus,  quam 
pediceUo  parum  longioribus,  clava  in  articulos  tres  aequalcs  divisa  et  duobus 
praecedentibus  .simul  sumptis  acquilonga  ;  seti.s  flagelli  brevioribus  latitudinem 
articulorum  aequantibus,  longioribus,  in  articulis  singulis  funiculi  et  primo  clavae 
insertis,  usque  ad  dimidium  articuli  sequentis  elongatis. 

Habitat :   passim,  Periplaneias  parasitizans. 

Specimina  plurima,  in  insulis  Mahe  et  Silhouette  collecta. 

Adn.  Hanc  specieni,  cuius  exemplaiia  Hagenow  lolurima  in  Greifswald 
obtinuit  ex  ootheca  Blaitae  in  spolio  avis  seychellensis  latente,  Ratzeburg  breviter 
descripsit.  Specimina  igitur  quae  ego  esamina\'i,  quasi  cotyporum  praetium 
habent.  Species  haec  valde  est  diffusa,  blattaiuin  oothecas  inquinans,  et  ctiam, 
quorundam  virorum  judicio,  parasita  occurrit  Evuniae  appendigastris  vel  aliarum 
generis  specierum,  oothecas  inquinantium.  Inter  exemplaria  in  Insulis 
SeycheUensibus  collecta  eaque  quae  dr.  Martelli  in  Sicilia,  prope  Cataniam, 
invenit,  quaeque  is  mihi  comiter  misit,  nulla  est  differentia.  Clavam  maris  in 
hac  specie  biarticulatam  esse,  sicut  in  Tetraslicho  xantliopodo  Ratz.,  Kurdjumovv 
affirmavit,  ego  vero  articulos  tres  baud  difficulter  numeravi. 


82.  Tetrastichus  metalliferus,  sp.  n. 

Femina.  Corpore  metallico,  capite  cum  prothorace  aeneis,  scuto  et  scutello 
purpureis,  mesothoracis  lateribus  fere  nigris,  axillis,  dorsello,  metanoto  abdominis- 
que  basi  pallide  aeneis  (id  est  virescenti-griseis,  metallicis)  nitidissimis,  abdomine 
reliquo  nigro-brunneo  ;  —  vel  etiam  fronte  et  scutello  purpureis,  reliquo  thoracis 
dorso  aeneo,  scuto  tantum  leniter  aurato  — ;  antennis  brunneis,  scapo  cum 
pedicello,  pedibusque  cum  coxis  posterioribus,  stramineis  vel  luteis,  tarsorum 
articulis  apicalibus  infuscatis  ;  tegulis  brunneo-luteis,  nervo  marginali  et 
stigmatico  fiavo-griseis. 

Caput  punctis  pUiferis  numerosis,  conspicuis. 

Antennae  pedicello  sat  longo  ;  funiculi  articulo  primo  quam  pedicello  paullum 
breviore,  secundo  et  tertio  subaeciualibus,  2/3  pedicelli  fere  aequantibus  ;  clava 
quam  pedicello  baud  niulto  longiore,  in  articulos  aequales  divisa. 

Thorax  latitudine  3/5  eius  longitudinis  aequans,  dorso  piano,  prothorace  et 
scapulis  conspicue  reticulatis,  his  ultimis  tamen  prope  scuti  latera  fere  laevibus  ; 
axillis  minute  reticulatis  ;  scuto  areolis  valde  elongatis.  fere  linearibus,  oblique 
subseriatis,  foveolis  piliferis  baud  numerosis  sparsis  ;  scutello  quam  scuto  minus 
.  conspicue  insculpto  (si  modice  vitro  augeas,  sericeo),  areolis  dimidio  angustioribus 
et  brevioribus,  superficiem  .striatam  simulantibus  ;  dorsello  ct  metanoto  lineis 
subtilibus  reticulatis,  areolis  magnis.  Scutum  ab  axillis  late,  scapulis  interpositis, 
separatum,  sulco  medio  nullo,  setis  tenuibus  longis,  ad  margincs  laterales  temis 
vel  quaternis,  in  superficie  nonnullis,  sparsis.  Scutellum  latum,  margine  postico 
lenissime  curvato,  area  media  quadra ta  quam  submedianis  angustis  quadruple 
latiore,  setis,  in  areis  submedianis,  longis,  sensillo  nuUo  intcrposito.  I'orsellum 
magnum.  Metanotum  dorsello  duplo  longius,  carinae  loco  costis  longitudinalibus 
arcuatis  in.structum  versus  lineam  raediam  convexis  ac  fere  contiguis.  Meta- 
pleura  angusta,  subtiliter  reticulato-sulcata,  areolis  elongatis. 

Proalaecorpori  acquilongae, latitudine  dimidiam  longitudinemfereaequantes, 


NOVITATES    ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV.     1917.  221 

apice  bene  rotundatae  ;  subcosta  setis  quinque  vel  quatuor  in.structa  ;  nervo 
marginali  longitudinem  ceOulae  costalis  paiillum  superante,  quam  nervo  stig- 
matico  quadruplo  longiore  sctisque  instructo  quam  hoc  dimidio  brevioribus  ; 
speculo  non  ultra  praestigma  extenso  :  setarum  serie  nerv'i  cubitali.s  a  cellula 
basali  incipiente.  Alae  metathoracis  apice  rotundatae,  pilis  fimbriae  1/4  eanim 
iatitudinis  aequantibu.s. 

Pedes  sat  longi.  tenues,  tarsorum  articuli.s  duobus  ultimi.s  brevioribus. 

Abdomen  ovatiim,  distincte  petiolatum,  thoracis  longitudinem  et  lati- 
tudinem  aequans,  terebrae  valvis  prominentibus,  superficie  reticulato-squamosa. 

Long.  1,25  mm. 

Habitat.  Mahe  :  "  Mare  aux  Cochons  district,  and  Cascade  Estate  and  the 
forest  above,  1,000-2,000  ft." 

Specimina  tria. 

83.  Tetrastichus  dispar,  sp.  n. 

Femhw.  Obscure  grisescenti-cyanea,  abdomine  castaneo,  scape  luteo, 
pedicello  obscuriore,  funiculo  et  clava  brunneis,  oculis  griseo-rubris,  pedibus 
cum  coxis  fulvis,  femoribus  anticis  postice  in  dimidio  apicali  infuscatis,  tarsis 
apice  obscuro,  tegulis  brunneis,  alarum  nervis  flavo-griseis. 

Caput  thorace  et  longitudine  sua  paullum  latius,  punctis  piliferis  eonspicuis 
impressum.  Flagellum  mesothoracis  dorso  aequilongum  ;  pedicellus  dupla 
latitudine  vix  longior,  funiculi  articulus  primus  pedicelli  longitudinem  aequans, 
sequentes  sensim  breviores  et  latiores,  ultimus  aeque  longus  atque  latus  ;  clava 
conica  articulis  duobus  praecedentibus  aequilonga. 

Thorax  latitudine  5/7  eius  longitudinis  aequans,  scute  prefunde  medio 
sulcato,  setis  ternis  ad  margines  laterales  instructo,  sculptura  reticulata  con- 
spicua  ;  scutello  in  longitudinem  striate,  areis  submertianis  de  supra  inspectis 
quam  area  media  fere  dimidio  angustioribus  ;  derselle  rectangulari,  reticulate  ; 
metathoracis  dorso  minute  at  fortius  reticulate,  carina  instructo  mox  pone 
dorsellum  divisa  et  carinas  duas  formante  parum  divergentes,  cum  costa  posteriore 
metanoti  foveolam  fere  linearem  includentes.  Praesternum,  metapleura  et  area 
triangularis  mesosterni  post  huius  marginem  reticulato-alveolata  ;  epimerum, 
item  atque  episternum,  fere  laeve,  forma  baud  triangulari,  potius  subrectangulari, 
at  latere  anteriore  leniter  sinuate  insertionem  alae  metathoracis  fere  attingente. 

Prealae  longitudinem  thoracis  cum  abdomine  aequantes,  earum  latitudine 
longieres  proportione  9:4;  margine  apicali  bene  rotundato  ;  postcesta 
unisetosa  ;  nervo  marginali  quam  cellula  costali  vix  breviore  setisque  instructo 
quam  nervo  stigmatico  dimidio  brevioribus,  hoc  1/3  marginalis  fere  aequante  ; 
speculo  non  ultra  praestigma  extenso  ;  setarum  serie  nervi  cubitalis  a  nervo 
basali  incipiente.  Alae  metathoracis  ad  apicem  magis  attenuatae,  apice  extreme 
rotundatae,  pilis  marginis  pesterioris  1/3  earum  Iatitudinis  aequantibus. 

Pedes  pestici  calcari  dimidium  metatarsi  baud  superante,  tarsorum  articulis 
elongatis,  subaequalibus. 

Abdomen  ovatum,  apice  acutum,  longitudine  thoraecm  parum  superans, 
latitudine  aequans,  .segmentis  2.-4.  basi,  sequentibus  totis  reticulato-sulcatis. 

Long.  1,6  mm. 

Habitat.  Mahe,  Cascade  Estate,  "about  1,000  ft." 

Specimen  unicum. 


222  NOVITATES    ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV.     1917. 

84.  Tetrastichus  nigriceps,  sp.  n. 

Femina.  Capite  nigro,  oculis  et  ocellis  rubris,  antennis  flavescenti-griseis, 
scapo  subtus  et  lateribus  albido  ;  thoracc  saturate  aureo-viridi,  tegulis  pedi- 
busque  luteis,  coxis  po.sticis  extus  fere  usque  ad  apiceni  viridibu.'s,  tarsis  articulo 
apicali  infuscato,  alarum  nerris  dilute  brunneis,  abdomine  obscure  viridi  basi 
rufo-flavescente,  .scgmentorum  2.-4.  dorso  eupreo. 

Antennae  scapo  fusiformi  valde  compresso,  quam  pedieello  duplo  longiare, 
flagello  thoracis  longitudinem  fere  attingente,  pedieello  et  funiculi  articulis 
subaequalibus,  in  specimine  exsiccato  duplo  longioribus  quam  latioribus,  clava 
quam  articulo  praecedente  fere  duplo  longiore,  in  articulos  subaequales  divisa. 

Thorax  latitudine  5/7  eius  longitudinis  aequans,  scute  medio  sulcato  setisque 
binis  ad  margines  lateralcs  instructo,  in  longitudinem  minute  reticulato-striato  ; 
scutello  minute  striato  ;  area  media  quam  submedianis  de  supra  inspectis  vix 
latiore  ;  dorsello  subtiliter  reticulato-sulcato  ;  metanoto  sat  conspicue  reticulato- 
squamoso  et  carina  elevata  instructo  dorsello  aequilonga. 

Proalae  sat  longae,  corpus  longitudine  aequantes,  duplo  longiores  quam 
latiores,  margine  apicali  niodice  arcuato,  posteosta  bisetosa,  nervo  marginali 
quam  stigmatico  longiore,  proportione  5  :  2,  pilis  instructo  quam  nervo  stig- 
matico  sesquibrevioribus,  dente  clavae  angustae  satis  elongate  ;  specido  non 
ultra  praestigma  extenso  ;  setarum  serie  nervi  cubitalis  a  ner\-o  basali  incipiente. 
Alae  metathoracis  pilis  marginis  posterioris  1/3  earum  latitudinis  vix  aequantibus- 

Tarsorum  articuli  subaequales. 

Abdomen  thoraci  aequilongum,  superficie  reticulato-squamosa. 

Long.  1,5  mm. 

Habitat.  Silhouette  :    Mare  aux  Cochons. 

S})eeimen  unicum. 


85.  Tetrastichus  nigricoza,  sp.  n. 

Mas.  Obscure  viridis,  mesothoracis  lateribus,  coxis,  femoribus  abdomineque 
nigris,  hoc  basi  et  apioe  aeneo  ;  genubus,  tibiis  tarsisque  luteis,  his  versus  apicem 
infuscatis  ;    antennis  brunneo-luteis  ;    tegulis  brunneis,  alarum  nervis  griseis. 

Antennae  scapo  compresso,  longitudine  triplam  eius  latitudinem  paullum 
superante,  post  medium  carina  instructo  latitudini  aequilonga  ;  flagello  meso- 
thoracis dorsum  baud  superante,  setis  elongatis  nullis  ;  pedieello  duplo  longiore 
quam  latiore  ;  annello  conspicuo,  longitudine  dimidiam  pedicelli  latitudinem 
attingente  ;  funiculi  articulis  aequalibus,  vix  elongatis,  3/4  pedicelli  Icngitudinis 
attingentibus  ;  clava  articulis  duobus  ultimis  funiculi  simul  sumptis  aequUonga, 
in  articulos  aequales  divisa. 

Thorax  latitudine  7/9  eius  longitudinis  aequans,  scuto  medio  sulcato,  setis 
instructo  quaternis  ad  margines  laterales,  versus  scutellum  sensim  remotioribus 
et  longioribus,  superficie  item  atque  scutelli  minute  in  longitudinem  striata  ; 
scutelli  areis  submedianis  de  supra  inspectis  quam  area  media  fere  dimidio 
angustioribus ;  dorsello  subtiliter  reticulato-sulcato  ;  metanoto  retieulato- 
squamoso,  carina  elevata  instructo  quam  dorsello  fere  sesquilongiore. 

Proalae  longitudinem  corporis  sine  capite  aequantes,  latitudine  quam  dimidia 
carum  longitudine  minora  proportione  2  :  5,  margine  apicali  modice  arcuato  ; 


NOVITATES    ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV.     1917.  223 

postco.sta  unisetosa  ;  nervo  marginal!  cellulae  costali  aeqiiilongo,  crasso,  1/9 
eius  longitudinis  latitudine  attingente,  setisque  instructo  quam  nervo  stigmatico 
.sesquibrevioribus,  hoc  etiam  crasso,  quam  marginali  triple  breviore  ;  nervo 
basali  glabro,  speculo  magno  ad  medium  marginalis  extenso.  Alae  metathoracis 
apice  rotundatae,  pilis  marginis  posterioris  1/4  earum  latitudinis  aequantibus. 

Pedes  postici  calcari  metatarso  aequilongo,  tarsorum  articulis  sensim  vix 
longioribus. 

Abdomen  ovatum,  longitudine  thoracem  aequans,  latitudine  5/7  tantum 
attingens,  superficie  reticulato-squamosa. 

Long.   1,65  mm. 

Habitat.  Mahe  :    "Mare  aux  Coehons  district,  1,000-2,000  ft." 

Specimen  unicum. 


86.  Tetrastichus  aeniginosus,  sp.  n. 

Femina.  Aeruginosa,  abdomine  brunneobasi  flavescente,  flagellogriseo-fu.sco, 
oculis  et  ocellis  rubris,  pedibus  cum  coxis  flavo-albidis,  alarum  nervis  pallidis. 

Caput  magnum,  lenticulare,  antice  visum  rotundatum,  oculis  parum 
prominulis,  fere  glabris,  antennis  in  linea  oculari  post  1/3  longitudinis  capitis 
insertis,  scapo  quam  orbita  breviore,  flagello  thoraci  aequilongo,  articuli-i 
funiculi  sensim  vix  longioribus,  clava  quam  articulo  praecedente  duplo  longiore. 

Thorax  brevis,  altus.  Scutum  setis  longis,  binis  in  utroque  latere,  sat 
procul  a  margine  instructum,  sulco  medio  distincto  ;  scutellum  dimidiam  scuti 
longitudinem  vix  superans,  latitudinem  aequans,  margine  postico  fere  recto, 
sulcis  mediis  nuUis  ;  metathorax  postice  truncatus,  dorsello  magno,  carina  parum 
prominente  quam  dorsello  dimidio  breviore.  Mesothoracis  dorsum  minutissime 
et  confertim  in  longitudinem  striatum,  latera  item  atque  metanotum  lineis 
SHbtilibus  reticulata,  areolis  magnis.  Mesosternum  postice  fortiter  curvatum  ; 
epimerum  triangulare,  apice  dimidiam  metapleurae  longitudinem  superans. 

Proalae  duplo  longiores  quam  latiores,  nervo  marginali  quam  cellula  costali 
longiore  proportione  10  :  7,  quintuplam  nervi  stigmatici  longitudinem  attingente  ; 
postcosta  setis  tribus  instructa  ;  pilis  in  superficie  haud  confertis,  post  dimidiam 
alae  longitudinem  in  margine  sesquilongioribus  ;  speculo  non  ultra  praestigma 
extenso.  Alae  metathoracis  in  dimidio  exteriore  triangulares,  pilis  marginis 
postici  quam  earum  latitudine  paullum  brevioribus. 

Pedes  longi,  haud  robusti,  postici  femore,  tibia  et  tarso  aequilongis,  hoc 
ultimo  articulo  apicali  quam  ceteris  subaequalibus  vix  longiore.  Tarsi  antici 
articulis  sensim  longioribus,  apicali  evidenter  longiore. 

Abdomen  oblongo-ovatum,  longitudine  thoracem  cum  capite  aequans,  lati- 
tudine paullum  superans,  apice  nervum  stigmaticum  attingens,  terebra  haud 
prominula. 

Long.  1  mm. 

Mas  differt  scapo  compresso,  pedicello  et  articulo  primo  funiculi  aequalibus, 
articulo  tertio  et  quarto  evidenter  longioribus,  omnibus  setis  duplam  eorum 
longitudinem  superantibus  instructis  ;  clavae  articulo  basali  quarto  funiculi 
aequilongo. 

Habitat.  Mahe  :  Cascade  Estate. 

Specimina  1^  ,  2  33. 


224  NOVITATKS    ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV.     1917. 

87.  Tetrastichus  stictococci  Silv.  ( 0- 

?  Tetrastichus  stictococci  Silveatri,  Boll.  Labor.  Zool.  gen.  e  agr.,  Portici,  ix.  1915.  p.  370.  fig.  26. 

Sunt  in  colleetione  specimina  duo,  ex  Mahe  (Cascade  Estate)  provenientia, 
quorum  characteies  omnes  examinare  non  potui  :  ea  vcro  Tetrasticho  stictococci 
attribucnda  videntur,  silvestrianae  specie!,  quam  auctor  in  Cote  d'Or  (in 
Africa  Occidentali)  invenit  cuiusque  mas  tantum  est  notus.  Speciminibus 
mahensibus,  quae  feminae  sunt,  corpus  est  brunneo-nigrum,  thoracis  dorso 
lenitcr  cyanescente  ;  funiculus  cum  clava  obscure  griseus,  scapus  atque  pedi- 
cellus  flavo-grisei  ;  idemque  color  est  tibiis  taisisque,  excepto  hoium  artieulo 
apicali  obscurato  ;  femora  piimi  et  secundi  paris  pedum  non  ultra  dimidium 
basale  sunt  nigra.  Tetrasticho  strictococci,  secundum  SOvestrii  descriptioneni, 
nulla  est  pars  pedum  nigro  picta  ;  quod  vero  sexus  character  esse  potest. 
Aliaque  est  differentia  in  setis  scuto  insertis,  quae  in  Tetrasticho  seychellegsi 
quatuor  sunt  prope  scapulanim  sulcum  :  in  uno  autem  specimine  seta  quinta 
juxta  raarginem  posticum  et  prope  ultimam  seriei  lateralis  inseritur :  at 
secundum  Silvestrii  descriptionem  tres  numerantur.  In  specimine  seychellensi 
setis  quinque  instructo,  setae  ipsae  parti  posteriori  scuti  vel  scutello  adfixae, 
setaque  axillulae,  anomalam  longitudinem  attigisse  videntur.  De  thoracis 
lateribus  hoc  dicere  licet.  Praesterni  et  metapleurae  superficies,  etiam  si 
fortiter  vitro  augeas,  transverse  atque  minute  strigulosa  apparet  ;  metapleurae 
et  epimeri  eadem  est  magnitudo  ;  hoc  apice  eius  acuto  marginem  superum 
metapleurae  attingit. 

88.  Tetrastichus  longifimbriatus,  sp.  n.  (fig.  72). 

Mas.  Nigro-brunneus,  peristomio,  antennis,  pedibus  praeter  femora  postica 
et  coxas  flavis  vel  flavo-griseis,  dorsello  nigro  vel  brunnco-luteo.  alis  griseo- 
virescentibus,  tegulis  et  nervis  pallidc  brunneis. 

Antennae  scapo  compresso  triplo  longiore  quam  latiore,  carina  apicem  fere 
attingente  ;  flagello  quadruplam  scapi  longitudinem  aequante,  pedicello  lati- 
tudine  sua  paullum  longiore,  funiculi  artieulo  primo  brevi  pedicello  aequilongo, 
sequentibus  et  clavae  duobus  primis  aequalibus,  duplo  longioribus  ;  setis  in 
latere  dorsali  articuli  secundi  usque  ad  medium  clavae  elongatis,  in  latere  ventrali 

apicem  articuli  paullum  superantibus,  iUis 
articuli  tertii  et  quarti  triplae  unius 
articuli  longitudini  aequalibus. 

Scutum  medio  sulcatum,  item  atque 
scuteUuni  minute  in  longitudinem  stri- 
atum. Dorsellum  magnum,  carinae  meta- 
noti  aequilongum,  haec  autem  brevis, 
lata. 

Proalae  abdomen  valde   superantes, 

Fio.  12.— Tetrastichus  longifimbriatus,  S-        longitudini  huius  cum  thorace  aequales, 

proaia  (x  45).  latitudinc    2/5   earum  longitudinis  attin- 

gentes  ;    postcosta   bisetosa,    nervo    mar- 

ginali  quam  stigmatico  sextuplo  longiore  pilisque  instructo  huic  aequilongis  ; 

pilis  fimbriae  valde  elongatis,  nervum  stigmaticum  aequantibus  ;  hoc  clava  haud 

determinata,   apice  truncato  et  mox  ad  apicem  dentato.     Alac  metathoracis 


NOVITATES    ZOOLOQICAE    XXIV.     1917.  226 

angustae,  1/6  earum  longitudinis  latitudine  aequantes,  in  dimidio  externo 
elongate  triangulares,  apice  acuto.  Pili  fimbriae  in  alis  anterioribus  et  posteri- 
oribus  aequilongi,  hanim  latitudini  aequale.s. 

Tarsi  postici  articulis  aequilongis. 

Abdomen  thorace  pauUum  brevius. 

Long.  0,9  mm. 

Habitat.  Mahe  :  "  Cascade  Estate,  from  forest  near  Mount  Harrison,  about 
1,700  ft.  ;    slopes  of  Morne  Seychellois,  about  2,000  ft." 

Specimina  duo. 

Adn.  Haec  species  quam  nunc  Tetrnstichis  adscripsi,  charaeteribus  genericae 
rationis  ab  illis  forsan  non  differt  quas  Ashmead  et  Howard  Gyrolasiae  Forst. 
attribuerunt  ;  hae  femineo  sexu  tantum  cognitae,  omnes  Americae  pertinent. 


Gen.  Syntomosphynim  Forster. 
89.  Syntomosphynim  trichops,  sp.  n. 

Femina.  Nigra,  parum  nitens,  oculis  brunneis,  ocellis  rubris,  antennis, 
alarum  nervis  et  abdominis  petiole  griseo-luteis,  tegulis  brunneis,  alis  baud 
limpidis,  pedibus  cum  coxis  posterioribus  fulvis,  femoribus  anticis  basi  nigris, 
praetarsis   omnibus  leniter  infuscatis. 

Caput  thorace  parum  latius,  antice  visum  rotundato-triangulare,  paullum 
latitudine  sua  brevius  (proportione  5  :  6),  vertice  arcuato,  oculis  dense  hirtis, 
linea  oculari  inferiore  1/5  eius  longitudinis  ab  ore  remota,  clypei  margine  medio 
foveola  punctiformi  impresso,  antennis  paullum  supra  lineam  ocularem  et  infra 
medium  faciei  insertis.  Forma  capitis  de  latere  ovato-triangularis,  diametro 
transverso  dimidium  fere  lorgitudinalis  aequante,  oculis  subrctundis  totam  fere 
latitudinem  occupantibus,  genis  teretibus  sulco  impressis.  Vertex  de  supra 
inspectus  medio  tantum  pri  pter  foveam  antennalem  angustato,  margine  postico 
acuto,  ocello  anteriore  lineae  posterioribus  tangenti  fere  contiguo.  his  ab  anteriore 
et  ab  oculis  aequo  spatio  remotis.  Superficies  tota  reticulata,  foveolis  piliferis 
crebris  impressa,  pilis  sat  longis  hirta. 

Scapus  lineam  ocularem  superiorem  non  attingens  ;  flagellum  breve  longi- 
tudinem  capitis  vix  aequans,  pedicello  duplo  longiore  quam  latiore,  annellis 
coalesccntibus  articulum  minimum  formantibus,  funiculi  articulis  tribus  sensim 
latioribus,  vix  breviciibus,  primo  subtransverso,  ultimo  longitudine  sua  3/5 
latitudinis  baud  superante  ;  clava  conica,  quam  articulo  praecedente  duplo 
longiore,  baud  latiore,  in  articulos  tres  divisa,  quorum  primus  ultimo  funiculi 
subaequalis. 

Thorax  latitudine  3/4  longitudinis  aequans,  pronoto  sat  longo,  sed  collari 
minime  discrete  ;  mesonoti  scuto  baud  sulcato  et  margine  posteriore  dimidium 
eius  latitudinis  maximae,  longitudine  7/9  huius  attingente  ;  scutello  brevicre 
(proportione  11  :  14)  aeque  longo  atque  lato,  sulcis  etiam  nullis  ;  axUlis  a  lateribus 
scuti  valde  remotis  ;  metathorace  dorsello  magno,  carina  media  elevata,  carinis 
lateralibus  spiraculis  extus  tangentibus,  angulis  posterioribus  reflexc-marginatis. 
Sculptura  pronoti,  mesoscuti  et  scapulanim  fortiter  reticulato-sulcata,  areclis 
forma  irregulari,  foveis  piliferis  conspicuis  sed  baud  profundis  neque  marginatis, 
sparsis  ;  axillae,  axillulae  atque  scutellum  sculptura  magis  minuta,  areolis  fere 
dimidio  minoribus,  regularibus,  foveis  piliferis  nullis  ;   dorsellum  etiam  reticula- 

15 


226  NOVITATES    ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV.     1917. 

turn,  metanotum  subsquamosum.  Callus  parce  pilosus.  Metapleura  et  meso- 
sternum  con.spicue  reticulata,  ejiimerum  cum  episterno  fere  laevia,  prae.sternum 
sicut  thoracis  latera  alveolatum,  foveolae  autem  prothoracis  subquadratae. 
Mesostcrni  latus  posticum  fortiter  sinuatum,  aream  episterni  depressam,  rhom- 
boidalem,  antice  limitans.  Pili  super  pronotum,  super  scutum  et  scapulas  fre- 
quentes,  aequilongi,  super  axillas  et  axillulas  nuUi  :  scutellum  setis  quatuor 
longis  instructum,  anterioribus  scuto  propinquis,  sensillo  discoidali  setis  cuiusque 
lateris  interposito. 

Proalae  abdominis  apicem  vix  superantes,  latae,  dimidiam  earum  longitu- 
dinem  latitudine  fere  aequantes,  subcosta  trisetosa,  nervo  marginali  quam 
cellula  costali  sesquilongiore  et  quintuplam  ner*'i  .stigmatici  lorgitudincm  vix 
superante  (2  :  11),  setis  circa  duodecim  instructo  nei-vo  stigma tico  aequilongis  ; 
cellula  basali  fere  glabra,  speculo  non  ultra  praestigma  extenso  ;  pilis  fimbriae 
in  parte  postica  longioribus.  Alae  metathoracis  cellula  costali  super  nei-vum 
marginalem  angustissima  usque  ad  hamulos  extensa.  apice  rotundatae,  pilis 
marginis  posterioris  1/3  earum  latitudinis  vix  aequantibus. 

Pedes  longiuscuU,  intermedii  articulo  prime  tarsali  quam  secundo  et  tertio 
longiore,  postici  articulo  secundo  quam  primo  nonnihil  Icngiore  et  tertio  brcvi. 

Abdomen  distincte  petiolatum,  ovatum,  thoracis  longitudinem  et  latitudinem 
paullum  superans,  duplo  longius  quam  latius  :  segmento  primo  duplam  secundi 
longitudinem  aequante,  hoc  cum  tertio  et  sexto  brevibus,  subaequalibus,  seg- 
mentis  vero  quarto  et  quinto  cum  prime  longioribus  ;  terebrae  valvis  vix  apice 
prominulis  ;  superficie  tota  reticulato-squamosa,  pilis  longiusculis  sat  crebris 
ornata. 

Long.  1,35  mm. 

Mas  femoribus  omnibus  leniter  infuscatis,  flagello  capitis  longitudini  aequi- 
longo,  articulo  primo  funiculi  subquadrato,  paullum  longitudine  sua  latiore  et 
quam  pedicello  fere  dimidio  breviore  ;  sequentibus  pedicello  aequilongis,  sensim 
vix  latioribus,  ultimo  latitudine  paullum  longiore  ;  clava  in  articulos  tres  sub- 
aequales  divisa.  quorum  primus  praeclavae  longitudinem  aequans  ;  funiculi 
articulis  omnibus  pilis  eorum  longitudini  aequalibus  ornatis,  duobus  primis 
antice  etiam  setis  paucis  funiculo  aequilongis  instructis  ;  abdomine  quam 
thorace  paullum  longiore,  nonnihil  angustiore,  magis  depresso. 

Statura  quam  feminae  vix  minor. 

Habitat.  "Silhouette  :  Mare  aux  Cochons,  about  1.000  ft. — Mahe,  Cascade 
Estate." 

Specimina  2  ?$,  1  (J. 

Adn.  Species  haec  Syntomosphyro  glossinae  et  phaeosomati,  Waterstoni, 
est  proxima. 

Gen.  Melittobia  Westwood. 
90.  Melittobia  hawaiiensis  Perkins. 

Proc.  Hawai.  ent.  Soc.  1907.  p.  124. 

Femina.  Corpus  nigro-brunneum  ;  oculi  concolores,  ocelli  rubri.  antennae 
gri.sescenti-brunneae,  scapo.  pedicello  inferius,  flavo-griseis  ;  os  aeruginosum  ; 
pedes  pallide  flavo-ochracei,  femoribus  ad  basim  antice  plus  minus  fusco-macu- 
latis,  coxis  brunneis  antice  flavescentibus  ;  alae  lenissime  griseo-virescentes, 
nervis  griseis. 


NOVITATES    ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV.     1917.  227 

Caput  thorace  paullum  latius,  discoideum,  vertice  elevato,  oculis  hirtis, 
iabri  incisura  media  lobulos  duos  rotiindatcs  separante,  mandibulis  3-dentatis. 
Antennae  ad  os,  infra  lineam  ocularem.  in.sertae,  scapo  compresso  ocellum  baud 
attingente,  prope  apicem  latiore  eiusqiie  superficie  tota  pilis  pauci.s  brevibus 
instructa  ;  flagello  duplo  fere  qiiam  scapo  longiore,  qiiam  capitis  latitudine 
breviore,  annellis  inconspicuis,  microscopio  inspectis  quasi  duplicata  lamella 
perspiciendis  ;  funiculi  articulis  tribus  sensim  latioribus,  primo  longitudine 
parum,  ultimo  fere  sesquilatiore  ;    clava  brevi,  triarticulata. 

Thorax,  cum  abdomine,  valde  depressus,  hoc  ultimum  vix  brevius.  Pro- 
thorax  longus,  conicus  :  scutum  medio  haud  sulcatum,  scutellum  sulcis  ducbus 
parallelis  ;  metathorax  etiam  longus,  dorsello  fere  lineari.  spiraculis  parvis 
rotundatis,  carina  nulla.  Callus  pilis  paucis  instructus.  Pars  thoracis  superior 
minute  reticulata,  areolis  scutelli  fere  linearibus. 

Proalae  abdominis  apicem  nonnihil  superantes,  latitudine  dimidiae  earum 
longitudini  fere  aequali.  apice  leniter  rotundato,  nen'o  submarginali  setis  longis 
tribus,  interdum  duabus  vel  quatuor  instructo,  marginali  quam  cellula  costali 
vix  longiore,  postmarginali  brevissimo,  latitudine  sua  haud  longiore,  stigmatico 
1/3  marginalis  parum  superante  (propoftione  7:18).  parte  basah  glabra,  excepto 
spatio  quodam  cellulam  basaleni  inferius  limitante  :  speculo  infra  praestigma 
nuUo,  hoc  autem  a  nen^o  humerali  non  bene  discrete  setaque  instructo  quam  illis 
nervo  marginali  antice  adfixis  nonnihil  longiore.  Metathoracis  alae  ipsarum 
latitudine  quintuple  longiores,  cellula  costali  ad  hamulos  extensa,  pOis  marginis 
postici  1/3  latitudinis  vix  longioribus. 

Pedes  robusti,  tarsorum  articulis  longitudine  subaequalibus,  calcaribus 
brevibus  metatarsum  non  superantibus. 

Abdomen   distincte   petiolatum,   latitudine   maxima    2/3  eius   longitudinis 
attingens,  quam  thorax  aliquantulum  latius.  lateribus  fere  rectis.  apice  parum 
rotundato,   terebrae  valvis  vix   prominentibus.   segmcntis  subaecjualibus,  pilis 
numerosis  sparsis,  longiusculis,  superficie  in  longitudinem  confertim  striata. 
Long.  1  mm. 

Habitat.  Mahe  :   Cascade  Estate. 
Specimina  plurima. 

Adn.  Hanc  speciem  amplius  et  apte  describere  nequeo,  quum  sint  exem- 
plaria  adeo  exsiccatione  deformata  ut  ne  quidem  solutione  alcalina  partes  omnes 
in  priorem  formam  restitui  possint.  quod  saepe  huius  generis  speciebus  cccurrit. 
Gratias  nunc  agam  domino  Watersten  qui  hanc  speciem  recognovit  et 
cum  europaea  M.  acasta  (Walk.)  comparavit  ;  is  de  characteribus  Melittobiae 
haumiensis  notas  quasdam  scripsit,  quas  libenter  hie  referam.  "  The  mandibles 
are  shorter  and  broader  than  in  acasta.  The  median  clypeal  incisicn  is  much 
shorter  and  the  lobes  are  truncate,  not  roi.nded  (a  condition  not  found  in  others 
of  the  genus).  The  eyes  are  for  this  genus  densely  pubescent  and  the  face  more 
hairy,  the  scrobes  are  smaller,  and  the  impressed  lines  en  the  mid  frons  more 
approximated.  In  the  antennae  the  scape  is  shorter  and  broader  and  the  joints 
of  the  funicle  are  all  much  broader  than  long  ;  the  sensoria  are  more  numerous. 
In  the  prothorax  the  spiracular  emargination  is  very  slight  and  the  spiracle  is 
not  deeply  embedded.  Ihis  is  an  extremely  bristly  form  all  over.  It  may 
be  separated  at  a  glance  from  acasta  by  comparing  the  mid  lobes  of  their  respective 
mesonota.  In  the  European  insect  there  are  about  40  bristles  (20,20)  while  in 
the  Seychelles  form  the  bristles  arc  about  80  (40,  40)      The  wing  has  stronger 


228 


NOVITATES   ZOOLOGICAE  XXIV.    1917. 


bristles  and  the  radius  of  the  Seychelles  .species  bears  apparently  8-9  bristles, 
while  acasta  has  ,5-0." 

SuBFAM.  TRICHOGRAMMINAE. 
Gen.  Centrobia  Forster. 
91.  Centrobia  mabensis  Kieffer. 
Hanc  speciem,  adhuc  ineditam,  cl.  Kieffer  descripsit  {vide  p.  130). 


^^Crxrcr::^:^^:^^ 


SuBFAM.  MYMARINAE. 
Gen.  Gonatocerus  Nees. 
(Rachistus  Forster). 
92.  Gonatocerus  silhouettae,  sp.  n.  (fig.  73). 

Femina.  Corpore  nigro,  abdominis  dimidio  basali  et  apice  obscure  ochraeeis, 

dorseUo,  antennis,  praeter  scapi  latus  dor.sale  ac  ventrale  nigricantia,  trochanteri- 

bus,  femoribus  basi,  genubus,   femoribus  anticis   etiam   dimidio   toto  apicaii, 

flavo-griseis  ;  tibiis  fuscis  ;  tars^is 
tibiis  concoloribus  at  apicem  ver- 
sus magis  infuscatis  ;  alls  dilute 
brunneo-flavidis,  nervis  pijisque 
flavo-fuscis. 

Caput  thorace  parum  latius, 
oculis  glabris,  setis  duabus  brevi- 
bus  in  linea  oculari,  genis  minu- 
tissime  reticulatis,  areolis  parum 
elongatis.  Antennarum  radicula 
2/ .5  scapi  longitudinis  aequans, 
pedicellus  1/2  vix  superans,  pyri- 
formis ;  funiculi  articuli  sensim 
latiores,  duo  primi  pedicello  bre- 
viores,  tertius  huic  subaequalis, 
reliqui  sensim  longiores,  breviter, 
anguste,  pedunculati,  octavus 
latitudine  sua  duplo  longior  ;  clava 
etiam  breviter  pedunculata,  indi- 
visa,  articulis  duobus  et  dimidio 
praecedentibus  aequilonga,  quam 

praeclava  parum  magis    quam  sesquilatior,  forma  oblonga,  apice  liaud  acuto, 

pube  brevissima,  vix  conspicua,  sat  dense  vestita. 

Scutum  atque  scutellum  sculptura  reticulata,  areolis  in  dimidio  anteriore 

scuti  fere  linearibus,  brevibus  ac  contiguis,  in  dimidio  posteriore  multo  maioribus, 

oblongis,  verum  ad  scutelli  suturam  subrotundis. 

Proalae  setis  fimbriae  ante  dimidium  marginis  anterioris  et  in  parte  dimidia 

externa  marginis  posterioris,  maximis,  at  1/4  alae  latitudinis  baud  superantibus. 

Alae  metathoracis  pedunculo  1/5  totius  longitudinis  formante,  latitudine  in  1/3 

apicali    1/25   longitudinis,    setis    lateris    anterioris    huic  latitudini   aequahbus, 

posterioris  tripldSlrel  paullo  amplius  longioribus. 


Fio.  ^3.  -Qonalocerua  silhouetlae,  $. 

1,  antenna;  2,  3,  alae;  Cx  45).    Pj!i in  superlicie proalae  non 


sunt  delineati. 


NOVITATES    ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV.     1917.  229 

Femora  ad  medium  crassiora.  Calcar  pedis  antici  spinulosum,  articulus 
tarsalis  primus  secundo  sesquilongior,  strigili  toto  spatio  instructus.  Tarsi 
posteriores  articulo  primo  secundo  sesquilongiore. 

Abdomen  thoraci  aequilongum,  petiolo  transverso,  terebra  fere  ad  basim 
egrediente. 

Long.  0,8  mm. 

Habitat.  Silhouette  :    Mare  aux  Cochons. 

Specimen  unicum. 

Gen.  Polynema  Haliday. 
93.  Polynema  seychellense,  sp.  n.  (fig.  74). 

Mas.  Niger,  ocellis  ferrugineis,  scapo  ac  pedicello  flavis,  antennae  articulis 
reliquis  flavescenti-fuscis  ;  abdominis  petiolo,  alarum  nervis  pedibusque  cum 
coxis  flavo-griseis,  tarsis,  absque  articulo  apicali  brunneo,  pallidioribus  ;  proalis 
ante  medium  longitudinis  fascia  leniter  fumata  ornatis. 

Caput  parum  thorace  latius  ;  vertice  antice  viso  baud  curvato,  de  latere 
inspect©  angulatim  plicato,  plica  marginem  superiorem  capitis  formante  ;  ocellis 
externis  in  huius  extremitatibus 
prope  orbitas  locatis,  ocello  medio 
in  decKvitato  anteriore  et  setis  sex, 
baud   ercctis,    eircumdato,    quarum  I 

duae  infra  vergentes,  binae  laterales  ;  ////////f^^^ii^ 

occipite  sulcis  duobus  ab  ocellis  ad  /////0&^f^^^^^^ 

foramen     magnum     productis     im-  ///22**^-^''- -V-V'--.-/^^^= 

presso  ;    oculis   glabris,    orbitis  late         --^         ,  /J/^MBM' '-. '.'  <i:~.--.-.-/-^^^^ 
marginatis  ;  antennis  corpori  aequi-  ~~~~~-=--c^S^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ 

longis,    margini    orbitali   contiguis,  _  ^^^^^^w^vw^^^j^^ 

pedicello  brevi,  articulis  sequentibus  2 

aequalibus,  latitudine  Sesquilongiori-  ^'°-  74.-Po;2/«ema  seychellense,  <J. 

,.,,..  .  .  1,  antenua;  2,  proala;  (X  45). 

bus,  isthmo   brevissimo   coniunctis, 

apice  truncatis,  pilis  brevibus  instructis,  ultimo  forma  ovali,  extremitate  obtuso. 

Dorsum  superne  inspectum  scapularum  sulcis  conspicuis.  subrectis  ;  scuto 
convexiusculo,  latitudine  sesquilongiore  et  margine  antico  fortiter  curvato  ; 
scapulis  sat  magnis,  scutello  subelliptico  quam  scuto  fere  sesquilongiore  atque 
manifeste  latiore. 

Superficies  capitis  et  thoracis  polita,  etiam  si  100  diam.  magnificata, 
sculptura  nulla. 

Proalarum  fimbria  setis  apicis  2/5  earum  latitudinis,  setis  in  parte  postica 
exteriore  3/5  aequantibus.  Alae  metathoracis  antice  setis  instructae  earum 
latitudini  aequalibus,  postice  triplo  longioribus. 

Calcar  tibiae  anticae  pilis  nonnullis  brevissimis  instructum,  tibiae  mediae 
atque  posticae  harum  latitudine  baud  longius,  glabrum,  apice  acutum,  subrectum, 
at  latere  exteriore  manifeste  curvato.  Articulus  basalis  tarsi  antici  strigili 
munitus,  idem  tarsorum  posteriorum  longitudinem  secundi  tertiique  aequans, 
articuli  tres  ultimi  subaequales. 

Abdominis  petiolus  tenuis,  coxis  posticis  aequilongus. 

Abdomen  globosum,  longitudine  dimidium  thoracis  paullum  superans  et 
huius  latitudinem  aequans. 


230     '  XOVITATES    ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV.     1917. 

Long.  0,66  mm. 

Habitat.  Silhouette  :    apud  Mare  aux  Cochons  ("high  jungle"). 

Specimen  unicum. 


EINE   NEUE  TRICHOGRAMMIDE   VON   DEN    SEYCHELLEN   INSELN. 
BESCHRIEBEN   VON   PROF.   DR.    J.   J.    laEFFER    (BITSCH).* 

Centrobia  mahensis,  n.  sp.  (fig.  75). 

(J.  Hellgelb,  Abdomen  schwarzbraun.  Augen  unbehaart,  langer  als  die 
Wangen,  Ocellen  einen  sehr  flachen  Bogen  bildend  ;  Mandibeln  wenigstens  so 
breit  wie  lang,  fast  viereckig,  am  abge.stutzten  Ende  mit  drei  kleinen  Zahnen, 
Maxillarpalpen  eingliedrig,  walzenformig,  sehr  diinn,  mit  einer  Endborste, 
welche  langer  als  das  Glied  selbst  ist  ;  Labialpalpen  durch  eine  Papille 
ersetzt.  Antenne  6-gliediig,  unterhalb  der  Augenbasis  entspringend  ;  1.  Glied 
vom  Grunde  bis  zur  Spitze  allmahlich  verdickt,  langer  als  die  drei  folgenden 
zusammen  ;  2.  Glied  walzenfonnig,  kaum  langer  als  dick,  ebenso  dick  wie 
das  1.  ;  das  3.  fast  halbkuglig,  proximal  etwas  schmaler  als  das  2.  ;  4.-6. 
zusammen  eine  langliche,  zugespitzte  Keule  bildend,  welche  wenig  kiirztr  und 
wenig  dicker  als  das  1.  Glied  ist,  und  sparliche,  wenig  abstehende  Haaro 
tragt,  deren  Lange  der  Eicke  der  Keule  gleichkommt, 
1.  und  2.  Glied  kaum  quer,  das  keglige  Endglied  langer 
als  breit,  die  Trennung  zwischen  den  drei  Keulengliedern 
wenig  deuthch.  Thorax  ziemlich  flach,  gleichbreit,  um 
die  Halfte  langer  als  das  Abdomen,  mit  dem  er,  in  seiner 
ganzen  Breite,  verbunden  ist  ;  Pronotum  schmal,  bogig, 
weit  vor  den  Tegulae  aufhorend  ;  Mesonotum  nach 
Fig.  15.— Centrobia  hinten  verschmalert  und  abgestutzt,  langer  als  breit,  so 
(J   J  Kieffe'r  deU  ^B^ng  wie  das  Scutellum  und  das  Metanotum  zusammen. 

1,  Antenne;  2.  Toraeriiugc).  Voiderfliigcl  am  Distalende  breit  abgerundet,  und 
bewimpert,  in  der  proximalen  Halfte  allmahlich  und  stark 
verschmalert  und  kahl,  in  der  distalen  Halfte  mit  Langsreihen  kleiner  Borsten  ; 
Marginalis  lang  und  breit ;  Stigmatica  lang  und  breit,  halb  so  lang  wie  die 
Marginalis  aber  breiter,  schwach  bogig,  distal  von  der  Fliigelmitte  liegend, 
Hinterfliigel  sehr  schmal.  fast  linealformig,  distal  zugespitzt,  im  proximalen 
Drittel,  am  Vorderrande,  bis  zu  den  zwei  Frenalhiickchen  ausgeschnitten,  mit 
drei  Langsreihen  von  Wimpern,  die  mittlere  Reihe  aus  kleinen  Borsten  bestehend, 
die  vordere,  nahe  am  Vorderrand  des  Fliigels,  mit  langeren  Borsten,  die  hintere 
am  Hinterrand,  mit  sehr  langen  Wimpern,  welche  fast  doppelt  so  lang  wie  die 
Fliigelbreite  sind.  An  den  4  Vorderbeinen  sind  die  Tibien  kaum  dicker  als 
die  Tarsen  und  wenig  diinner  als  die  Femora ;  an  den  zwei  Hinterbeinen 
sind  die  Femora  und  die  Tibien  stark  verdickt,  etwa  3  mal  so  dick  wie  die 
Tarsen,  die  Femora  am  dicksten  in  der  Mitte,  die  Tibien  vom  Grunde  bis  zum 
Distalende  allmahlich  dicker  ;  Tarsus  so  lang  wie  die  Tibien,  die  3  Glieder 
ilesselben  etwa  gleichlang,  3  mal  so  lang  wie  dick  ;  Krallen  einfach.  Abdomen 
ziemlich  flacli  gedriickt.     Lange  :    0,5  mm. 

Vorkommen.     Seychellen.     JIahe:    "Cascade  Estate,  about  800-1,500  ft., 
1909." 

•  See  p.  121  (footnote).     Figs.  75,  1  and  2,  are  probably  to  be  regarded  as  diagrammatic. 


NOVITATES    ZOOLOGKAE    XXIV.    1917.  231 

ON  SOME  APPAEENTLY  NEW   NOTODONTIBAE 
By  lord   ROTHSCHILD,   F.R.S.,    Ph.D. 

1.  Spatalia  aifinis  spec.  iiov. 

?.  Similar  to  plusiata  Walk.,  but  much  darker. 

Differs  from  plusiata  on  the  forewings  in  the  colour  bemg  deep  black-brown 
not  chocolate,  in  the  silver  T  and  stigmatic  grille  bsing  larger  and  farther  away 
and  not  fusing  with  pale  area  of  forewing,  in  the  brown  apical  quadrate  patch 
extending  farther  back  into  the  pale  area,  and  in  the  hindwings  havuig  the 
basal  two-thirds  pale  buff  and  outer  one-third  only  dull  brown. 

Length  of  forewing  :  30  mm.     Expanse :  68  mm. 

Habitat.  Upper  Aroa  River,  British  New  Guhiea,  March  1903  (A.  S.  Meek), 
2  $?. 

2.  Spatalia  indistincta  spec.  nov. 

2.  Nearly  related  to  laticostalis  Hmpsn.  but  paler. 

Differs  in  the  pale  area  of  the  forewuig  being  less  well  defined  arid  variegated 
with  small  streaks  and  clouded  spots,  and  there  is  a  pale  spot  in  the  dark  apical 
patch  ;  the  dark  portion  of  the  forewing  is  paler  and  clouded  with  pale  violet. 
Hmdwing  is  much  paler  brown. 

Length  of  forewing  :  24  mm.     Expanse  :  56  mm. 

Habitat.   TownsvUle,  North  Queensland  (Dodd),    1   ?. 

3.  Naprepa  fusconubilata  spec.  nov. 

Nearest  to  fle.vifera  Schaus,  but  has  shorter  and  broader  wings. 

(J.  Forewing  much  less  rufous,  the  outer  one-third  obliquely  clouded  and 
streaked  with  greenish  grey,  the  two  obliquely  vertical  white  spots  above  vein 
1  absent  and  replaced  by  a  longitudinal  white  line  on  vein  1,  the  oblique  zigzag 

dark  band  of  forewing  less  distinct. Hindwings  rufous  wood-brown  not  dark 

rufous  chestnut,  the  white  and  black  ocellate  spot  above  tornus  enclosed  in 
a  grey  irrorated  patch,  the  lighter  postmedian  line  longer  and  more  evenly 
curved.     Thorax  dark  chocolate  ivithout  whitish  tufts. 

?.  Similar,  but  much  larger,  and  has  a  large  whitish  tuft  on  first  abdominal 
segment. 

Length  of  forewing :  <?  41  mm.,  $  62  mm.     Expanse :  3  92  mm.,  ?  136  mm. 

Habitat.  Las  Quignas,  near  San  Esteban,  Venezuela  (S.  M.  Klages)  ;  San 
Esteban,  Venezuela,  July  1909  (S.  M.  Klages)  (type,  (J  San  Esteban),  2  (J<J,  1  ?. 

4.  Naprepa  adusta  spec.  nov. 

?.  Resembles  nothing  else  in  the  genus,  but  nearest  to  pulcheria  Druce. 

Antennae  brown  ;  head,  thorax,  and  abdomen  huffish  cinnamon,  a  darker 
median  line  on  patagia. 

Forewing  huffish  cmnamon  suffused  with  rusty  brown,  giving  the  appear- 
ance of   having  been  scorched,    this   burnt   appearance   being    much  stronger 


232  NOVITATES    ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV.     1917. 

on  the  outer  half  of  the  wing  ;  median  three-fifths  of  costal  area  and  for  part 
of  cell  creamy  greyish  buff  ;  a  sinuate  postmedian  line  of  black  dots  and  a 
black  dot  under  base  of  vein  2  ;  lobe  of  inner  margin  hardly  produced  ;  in 
outer  two-thuds  of  wing  are  a  number  of  dark  striae  reaching  from  apex  of 
cell  and  median  nervure  to  termen. Hindwing  huffish  cinnamon,  a  post- 
median  sinuate  band  consisting  of  an  inner  portion  darker  than  rest  of  wing 
and  an  outer  one  paler  ;  a  brownish  patch  at  tornus  and  traces  of  dark 
half-moons  along  margin. 

Length  of  forewing  :  40  mm.     Expanse  :   87  mm. 

Habitat.  Tinguri,  Carabaya,  South-east  Peru,  3,400  ft.,  August  1904  (G. 
Ockenden),  1  $. 

5.  Antiora  aflSnis  spec.  nov. 

(J.  Differs  from  A.  subrufula  Walk,  in  the  wings  being  shorter  and  broader. 
The  forewings  appear  darker  and  more  maroon,  owing  to  the  reduction  of  the 
grey  irroration  ;  the  white  stigma  and  postmedian  transverse  band  are  absent ; 
between  veins  2  and  4  is  a  postmedian  ill-defined  cloudy  whitish  patch. 

The  hindwings  differ  m  being  quite  black  and  having  a  median  cloudy 
whitish  patch. 

Below  entirely  black,  and  the  cloudy  whitish  patches  on  fore-  and  hindwings 
much  more  sharply  defined  and  whiter. 

Length  of  forewing  :  19  mm.     ExpaiLse  :  43  mm. 

Habitat  ?. 

6a.  Cargida  pyrrha  intensa  subsp.  nov. 

Differs  from  pyrrha  pyrrha  m  being  much  darker  and  in  the  pattern  being 
much  more  strongly  marked. 

Habitat.  Nogales,  Arizona,  July  1903  (Oslar),  4  <Jc?,  1  ?. 

7.  Nystalea  nigriplaga  spec.  nov. 

?.  Nearest  to  idonea  WaUi. 

Antennae  dark  brown  ;  frons  and  palpi  wood-buff,  vertex  sooty  grej'  ;  the 
two  tufts  at  base  of  antennae,  the  tegulae,  and  patagia  sooty  blackish  grey 
edged  with  huffish,  the  rest  of  thorax  and  abdomen  dark  wood-grey  slightly 
variegated  with  bufif. 

Forewing  dark  blackish  wood-brown  variegated  all  over  with  huffish  and 
rusty  brown-buff,  which  on  costa  consists  of  bent  streaks  in  basal  three-fifths 
and  of  square  dots  on  outer  one-fifth.  A  black  round  velvety  stigma  ringed 
with  huffish  on  lower  corner  of  discocellulars  with  a  dark  rufous  spot  above 
it  and  a  dull  sooty  black  quadrate  spot  behind  it  ;  an  oblong  sooty  black 
patch  extends  obliquely  from  end  of  cell  to  termen,  in  this  patch  is  an  oblique 
buff  streak  and   some   indications   of   huffish  dots  ;   a  row  of  black  chevrons 

on  margin  and  fringe  of  termen. Huidwings  sooty  black-brown ;  basal  half 

suffused  with  buff  ;    fringe  and  abdominal  margin  buff. 

Length  of  forewing  :  42  mm.     Expanse  :  92  mm. 

Habitat.  La  Oroya,  Rio  Inambari,  South-east  Peru,  3,100  ft.,  December 
1905  (G.  Ockenden),  1  ?  type  ;  1  ?  Santo  Domingo,  Carabaya,  6,500  ft., 
December  1902  (G.  Ockenden). 


NOVITATES    ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV.     1917.  233 

8.  Nystalea  cossoides  spec.  nov. 

(J.  Nearest   to   griz^nani   Schaus. 

Antennae  black-brown  ;  head  and  tegulae  deep  chestnut  ;  thorax  silvery 
grey  and  deep  chestnut  mixed  with  a  pale  chestnut  tuft  on  hind  edge  ;  abdomen 
dark  wood-brown,  last  segment  and  anal  tuft  cinnamon. 

Forewing  clouded  mouse-grey,  the  central  three-fifths  suffused  with  brown, 
a  basal  chestnut  patch  on  upper  half  of  wing  ;  a  convex  curved  double  trans- 
verse line,  inwardly  dull  chestnut,  outwardly  black,  a  similar  double  sinuous 
postmedian  line,  but  with  the  inner  part  black  and  outer  chestnut  ;  in  between 
these  two  transverse  bands  are  a  number  of  short  and  irregular  black  hair-lines 
and  rings,  and  some  grey  patches  in  the  browner  ground-colour  ;    some  black 

subapical  hair-streaks  and  a  black  crenulated  terminal  line. Hindwing  :  basal 

two-thirds  greyish,  somewhat  thinly  scaled  and  hyaline,  outer  one-third  sooty 
black-brown,  fringe  white. 

Length  of  forewing  :  23  mm.     Expanse :  52  mm. 

Habitat.  Santo  Domingo,  Carabaya,  South-east  Peru,  6,000  ft.  (G.  Ockenden), 

1    cJ. 

9.  Nystalea  zeuzeroides  spec  nov. 

cj.  Nearest  to  discalis  Schaus. 

Antennae  dark  brown  ;  palpi  buii"  at  the  upturned  third  joint,  rest  streaked 
grey  and  chestnut  ;  head,  antennal  tuft,  and  tegulae  deep  bright  chestnut ; 
basal  half  of  patagia  roan-grey,  rest  of  patagia  and  thorax  bright  maroon-brown  ; 
abdomen  brown  witli  mauve  tinge. 

Forewing  silvery  mouse-grey  variegated  with  a  large  number  of  sinuate 
and  zigzag  transverse  lines  of  different  widths  of  bright  brown,  wood-brown 
or  whitish  ;  at  end  of  cell  is  a  stigma  of  dark  grey  surrounded  by  a  brown  line, 

a  postdiscal  dark  brown  streak  on  subcostal. Hindwings  dark  brown,  basal 

two-thirds  variegated  with  some  huffish  clouding. 

Length  of  forewing  :  29  mm.    Expanse  :  66  mm. 

Habitat  :   Fonte  Boa,  Upper  Amazons,  May  1906  (S.  M.  Klages),  0  cJcJ. 

10.  Nystalea  ocellata  spec.  nov. 

(J  ?.  Antennae  brown  serrated  with  pale  rusty  teeth  ;  head  yellowish  cinna- 
mon rufous  ;  antennal  tufts  short,  some  colour  ;  tegulae  and  base  of  patagia 
cinnamon  rufous,  some  of  the  hau's  tipped  with  violaceous  grey  ;  rest  of  patagia 
and  thorax  violaceous  brown  tipped  with  grey  and  mauve  ;  abdomen  wood 
grey-brown,  a  chestnut  tuft  on  first  segment. 

Forewing  liver-brown  with  a  series  of  streaks  on  costa,  some  chestnut, 
others  brown,  buff,  or  mauve,  and  some  darker  and  paler  transverse  crenulate 
shadow-lines  on  basal  half  of  wing  ;  a  median  basal  black  spot  and  a  similar 
larger  one  on  vein  1  ;  beyond  the  cell  is  a  broad  band  from  costa  to  median 
vein,  the  inner  half  of  this  band  is  half  rufous,  half  black,  the  outer  half  rufous 
with  two  marginal  sUvery-mauve  lines  and  between  these  lines  powdered  with 
silvery  mauve  ;  this  band  is  followed  by  three  or  four  crenulate  angled  dark 
lines  variegated  with  streaks  and  freckles  of  silvery  mauve  and  blue  ;  a  subapical 
velvety  black  spot  surrounded  by  a  buff  and  speckled  area  giving  somewhat  the 
effect  of  an  ocellus  ;   a  submarginal  row  of  slate-blue  somewhat  ocellated  dots. 


234  NOTITATKS    ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV.     1917. 

Hindwing :    basal    half   dirty   buff   suffused  with    earth-brown,  outer  half 

earth-brown. 

Length  of  forewing  :  21-25  mm.     Expanse  :  47-56  mm. 

Habitat.  La  Oroya,  Rio  Inambari,  South-east  Peru,  3,100  ft.,  December  1905 
(G.  Ockenden),  5  S<3,  type  ;  Rio  Demerara,  British  Guiana,  IS,  1  ?• 

II.  Bardaxima  molossus  spec.  nov. 

S.  Antennae  bro-wn  ;  palpi,  head,  tegulae,  and  centre  of  thorax  daik 
chocolate-brown  ;  a  small  tuft  ot  buffy-yellow  haii-  below  antennae  ;  patagia 
very  large  olive-grey,  pale  grey  at  base  ;   abdomen  wood-brown. 

Forewing  :  basal  two-fifths  greyish  wood-brown  densely  strigillated  and 
suffused  with  darker  brown  ;  a  median  slightly  curved  double  black-brown 
transverse  line,  two  blackish  dots  in  median  fold  in  basal  one-fifth  ;  outer  three- 
fifths  wood-gi-ey  strigillated  with  yellowish  brown  and  dark  brown  ;  the  striae 
in  some  places  so  arranged  as  to  form  transverse  bands  more  or  less  distinct  ; 
outer  one-fifth  of  costa  with  double  excision  ;  a  large  chestnut  subapical  patch. 
Hindwing  greyish  wood-brown,  fringe  buff". 

Length  of  forewing:   31  mm.     Expanse:    73  mm. 

Habitat.  Fonte  Boa,  Upper  Amazons,  May  1906  (S.  JI.  Klages),  1   o. 

12.  Bardaxima  castaneobrunnea  spec.  nov. 

(J.  Antennae  red-brown  ;  head  and  thorax  deep  chocolate-rufous  ;  abdo- 
men similar  but  washed  with  black. 

Forewing  bright  rufous  chocolate,  suffused  here  and  there  with  purplish 
mauve  ;  a  number  of  crenulate  streaks  and  spots  more  or  less  indistinct  rufous 
cinnamon  ;    a  rufous  cinnamon  stigma  at  apex  of  cell  containing  two  black 

lunules  ;  a  large  round  ocellate  subapical  patch  blackish  chocolate. Hindwings 

blackish  chocolate-brown. 

Length  of  forewmg  :  20  mm.     Expanse :    46  mm. 

Habitat.   Rio  Demerara,  British  Guiana,  1   S<S. 

13.  Eragisa  basifera  spec  nov. 

(J.  Anteimae  brown  ;  head  and  thorax  mossy  green-grey  ;  abdomen  mouse- 
grey  suffused  with  pinkish  cinnamon. 

Forewing  mossy  green-grey,  a  dull  chestnut  broad  subbasal  transverse 
band  edged  outwardly  by  a  triple  black  line,  the  outermost  line  being  interrupted 

postmedian  and    submaiginal  lines    of   white  spots. Hindwing  cream-buff 

abdominal  area  brownish  buff  ;  termen  and  tornus  suffused  with  cinnamon. 

Length  of  forewmg  :   23  mm.     Expanse :    52  mm. 

Habitat.  Potaro,  British  Guiana,  February— June  1908  (S.  M.  Klages), 
6  S3  ;  Aroewarwa  Creek,  Maroe\\ym  Valley,  Surinam,  May  1905  (S.  M.  Klages), 
2  (J(J ;  La  Union,  Rio  Huacamayo,  Carabaya,  South-east  Peru,  2,000  ft., 
December  1904  (G.  Ockenden),  Z   <SS.     Type,  Potaro. 

13a;.  Eragisa  tenebrosa  spec.  nov. 

(J.  Antennae  strongly  pectinated  sooty  black  ;  head  deep  blackish  chocolate  ; 
thorax  blackish  chocolate  mixed  with  rufous  chocolate  ;  abdomen  dirty  brown- 
buff  at  base  and  on  sides  of  fii-st  four  segments. 


NOVITATES    ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV.     1917.  235 

Forewing  deep  blackish  chocolate  sufifused  with  a  slaty  purple  bloom  from 
a  dusting  of  bluish  scales,  a  number  of  more  or  less  distinct  transverse  crenulate 
and  waved  lines  of  black  spots  and  lunules  ;    a  buff  stigma  outlined  in  black. 

Hindwing  sooty  brown,  basal  one-third  and  abdominal  area  suffused  and 

mixed  with  buff  ;   a  rusty  buff  broken  line  in  fringe. 

Length  of  forewing  :    33  mm.     Expanse :    75  mm. 

Habitat.   Chiriqui,  Panama,  1  tj. 

14a.  Crinodes  striolata  fuscipennis  subsp.  nov. 

tS  ?.  Differ  from  striolata  striolata  from  Brazil  m  their  darker  duller  forewings 
and  in  the  hindwings  being  uniform  grey-brown,  not  variegated  with  buff. 

Habitat.  Venezuela  and  Costa  Rica  and  Peru  (tj'pe  3,  Tinguri,  Carabaya, 
South-east  Peru,  August  1904,  G.  Ockenden),   10  specimens. 

146.  Crinodes  striolata  insularis  subsp.  nov. 

<J  ?.  Differ  from  striolata   strioUiia    in    being  suffused  with  dark  brownish 
cinnamon  which  gives  it  a  washed-out  appearance. 
Habitat.   Trmidad,  10  specimens. 

15.  Crinodes  schausi  spec.  nov. 

Mr.  W.  Schaus  was  the  fii\st  to  point  out  that  the  insect  figured  by  Huebner 
as  the  $  of  hLs  beskei  was  a  distinct  species  which  he  named  striolata  but  Mr. 
Schaus  lumped  together  under  the  name  of  striolata  specimens  with  striolated 
forewings  and  without ;  considering  the  non-striolated  $$  to  be  the  $?  of  his 
striolata.  However,  I  have  a  big  series  of  the  non-striolated  form  containing 
both  SS  and  $9,  and  I  consider  it  a  good  species. 

(J  ?.  Differ  from  ritsimae  in  the  rufous  chocolate  not  sooty  black-brown 
colour,  in  the  long  narrow  not  short  kidney-shaped  stigma  and  which  is  not 
buff,  in  the  more  striated  baso-costal  region  of  forewing,  and  in  the  longer  and 
narrower  pale  wedge  on  inner  margin. 

Habitat.  Mexico  and  Costa  Rica,  57  specimens. 

16a.  Lepasta  bractea  gigantea  subsp.  nov. 

(J  ?.  Much  larger  than  bractea  bractea,  and  much  more  sooty  grey  without 
any  trace  of  cinnamon. 

Length  of  forewing,  bractea  bractea,  <?  19  mm.,  $  21  mm. ;  expanse,  <?  43  mm., 
5  47  mm. 

Length  of  forewing,  bractea  gigantea,  o  26  mm.,  ?  26  mm. ;  expanse,  J  58  mm., 
?  58  mm. 

Habitat.  Santo  Domingo,  Carabaya,  6,500  ft.,  December  1902  (G.  Ockenden), 
1  ?  (type)  ;  La  Union,  Rio  Huacamayo,  2,000  ft.,  November  1904  (G.  Ockenden), 
1   c7. 

17.  Tachida  cossula  spec.  nov. 

(J  ?.  Antennae  brown  ;  liead  and  tegulae  dark  cmnamon  suffused  with 
sooty  grey  ;    rest  of  thorax  variegated  with  various  shades  of  grey. 

Forewing  mauve-grey  clouded  with  various  band-like  suffusions  of  brown 


236  NOVIIATES    ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV.     1917. 

and  grey ;  an  indistinct  subbasal  band  black  and  rufous  ;  a  double  crenulate 
antemedian  band  inwardly  buffish,  outwardly  black  ;  a  pale  stigma  with  dark 
grey  centre,  a  heavy  velvety  black  postmedian  band  slightly  angled  or  rather 
projecting  at  vein  3 ;  beyond  this  an  indistinct  »inuate  crenulate  and  interrupted 

line,   and  a    black    terminal   hair-line. Hind«ii5gs   dirty   white,    huffish   on 

abdominal  area,  a  brown  marginal  line  somewhat  spreading  into  wing. 

Length  of  forewing  :  20  ram.     Expanse :   46  mm. 

Habitat.  Buenavista,  East  Bolivia,  750  m.  =  2,438  ft.,  August  1906— 
April  1907  (J.  Steinbach),  2  5?  ;  Santo  Antonio  do  Javary,  Upper  Amazons, 
June  1907  (S.  M.  Klages),  6  cJcJ.  (These  3S  have  much  less  conspicuous  ante- 
median  bands,  but  are  not  fresh.) 

18.  Dyasia  stigmatica  spec.  nov. 

(J.  Antennae  orange-brown  ;  head,  thorax,  and  abdomen  purplish  sooty 
black-brown. 

Forewing  purplish  sooty  brown  ;  basal  one-third  with  scattered  rusty  striae 
joined  to  velvety  black  ditto  ;  these  on  the  outer  edge  of  this  part  of  wmg 
conglomerated  to  form  a  rather  ill-defined  broad  antemedian  rufous  band  con- 
taining black  spots  ;  outer  two-thirds  with  hardly  any  of  these  striae,  an  oblique 
postmedian  line  of  rufous  spots  with  black  centres  ;    a  large  subapical  rust-red 

patch  like  a  brand  in  the  centre  of  which  is  a  broad  brown-black  band. 

Hindwings  dirty  white  ;  costal  and  abdominal  areas  dirty  grey  ;  termen  greyish. 

Length  of  forewing  :  25  mm.     Expanse :   57  mm. 

Habitat.  Fonte  Boa,  Upper  Amazons,  May  1906  (S.  M.  Klages),  1  <?. 

19.  Dyasia  melanoleuca  spec.  nov. 

(J.  Antennae  brown  ;  head  purplish  blackish  chocolate  ;  thorax  dirty 
white ;    abdomen  brownish  buffy  grey  ;    basal  segment  whitish  ;   anal  tuft  buff. 

Forewing  purplish  sooty  black-brown,  paler  on  outer  one-third  ;  basal  one- 
seventh  obliquely  pure  white  ;  dark  portion  of  basal  two-thirds  of  wing  crossed 
by  a  lot  of  very  indistinct  crenulate  lines  of  dots,  a  more  distinct  postmedian 
double  curved  band  of  such  spots  ;    costa  spotted  with'  dark  spots,  two  larger 

round  black  subapical  spots  obliquely  placed  ;  a  black  spot  above  vein  2. 

Hindwing :  abdominal  two-thirds  white,  costo-terminal  one-third  dirty  sooty 
brown. 

Length  of  forewing  :  15  mm.     Expanse  :  34  mm. 

Habitat.  St.  Jean  de  Maroni,  French  Guiana,  3  (JcJ. 

20.  Dyasia  pimctata  spec  nov. 

tJ.  Antennae  brown  ;  head  and  thorax  cinnamon-brown  ;  abdomen  yeUowLsh 
wood-grey ;  a  black  round  spot  on  anal  segment. 

Forewing  mauve  pinkish  cinnamon  clouded  with  band-like  clouduigs  of 
brown  and  with  numerous  streaks  and  speckluigs  ;  a  round  black  subbasal  spot 
in  median  fold,  a  blurred  blackish  broad  antemedian  black-brown  band  foDowed 
by  a  somewhat  curved  line  of    different-sized  black  spots  ;    a  postmedian  line 

of  black  spots  ;   two  large  subapical  black  spots  and  one   about  vein  3. 

Hindwing  wood-brown,  basal  two-thirds  washed  with  buff ;  fringe  buff. 

Length  of  forewing  :  26  mm.     Expanse  :  59  mm. 

Habitat.   Fonte  Boa,  Upper  Amazons,  May  1906  (S.  M.  Klages),  1  (J. 


NOVITATES    ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV.     1017.  237 

21.  Lirimiiis  guatemalensis  spec.  nov. 

(J  ?.  Differs  from  truncata  Herr.-Sch.  in  having  the  head  and  tegulae  dark 
brown  like  the  thorax,  the  antennae  much  darker,  and  tlie  pectinations  longer, 
and  in  the  pale  costal  two-fifths  of  the  forewing  being  white  not  yellow. 

Ler.gth  of  forewing  :  <S  35  mm.,  ?  37  mm.     Expanse :    <S  11  mm.,  ?  81  mm. 

Habitat.  Ciudad  de  Guatemala  (Rodriguez),  2  SS,  1  ?• 

22.  Lirimiris  chimaera  spec.  nov. 

<J.  Allied  to  truncata,  but  at  once  distinguished  by  its  very  long,  narrow, 
and  strongly  curved  forewLngs. 

Antennae  chestnut  rufous  with  enormously  long  pectinations  ;  head  and 
tegulae  cream-buff  ;  rest  of  thorax  deep  chocolate-brown  with  an  olive  tinge 
on  patagia  ;   abdomen  sooty  brown-grey,  segments  5  and  6  paler. 

Forewing  strongly  curved  and  very  narrow  ;  costal  two-fifths  cream-buff, 
a  streak  in  cell  along  median,  outer  one-thiid  of  costal  area,  a  band  below  it, 
and  a  subterminal  band  rust-red  ;   a  few  scattered  rust-red  scales  in  cream-buff 

area ;  rest  of  wing  chocolate-brown  washed  with  olive. Hindwing  dull  white 

tinged  strongly  on  nervures  and  on  abdominal  area  with  dirty  grey,  margin  and 
tornus  rusty  brown. 

Length  of  forewing:  49  mm.;  breadth  at  lobe:  13  mm.  ;  breadth  at 
tornus:  13  mm.     Expanse:  108  mm. 

Habitat.  Santo  Domingo,  Carabaya,  July  1902,  6,000  ft.  (G.  Ockenden), 
1   <S. 

23.  Liiimiiis  lemoiilti  spec.  nov. 

Allied  to  meridionalis  Schaus,  but  much  smaller  and  darker. 

cJ.  Antennae  deep  brown  heavily  pectinated  ;  head  wood-buff  ;  thorax 
olive  wood-brown  ;  tegulae  sprinkled  with  huffish  grey  ;  abdomen  dark  wood- 
brown. 

Forewing  deep  wood-brown  grained  and  striated  similar  to  wood  ;  basal 
one-sixth  much  paler  and  with  two  chevron-like  double  marks,  a  large  irregular 
stigma  outlined  with  white,  an  irregular  ill-defined  postmedian  double  row  of 
evanescent  dusky  spots,  some  black  and  white  streaks  on  inner  margin,  an 
oblique  ill-defined  pale  patch  from  costa  to  antemarginal  white  line  divided  in 
middle  by  dark  streak,  an  antemarginal  curved  and  minute  white  line  followed 

by  two   white  and  black   crenulate  submarginal  hair-lines.- Hindwing  sooty 

brown,  a  postmedian  pale  band  indicated  and  a  series  of  pale  and  black  bands 
round  and  on  tornus. 

Length  of  forewing  :  25-26  mm.     Expanse :  56-58  mm. 

Habitat.  St.  Jean  de  Maroni,  French  Guiana. 

[Lirimiris  elongata  Schaus  and  L.  euribya  (Druce). 

Mr.  Schaus  has  united  these  two  insects  as  the  same  species,  but  they  are 
really  two  very  distinct  species.  L.  euribya  is  much  smaller  and  has  the  costa 
much  straighter,  i.e.  much  less  convex.  The  basal  two-thuds  of  the  forewings 
are  orange-cinnamon  and  the  outer  one-third  cinnamon-buff,  while  in  elongata 
the  basal  half  of  the  forewing  is  greyish  wood-brown,  the  outer  half  being  wood- 


238  NOVITATES    ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV.     1917. 

grey  with  a  huffish  tinge.  Moreover,  within  the  last  two  years  both  species 
have  been  bred  by  the  Rev.  MUes  JIoss  at  Para,  and  the  larvae  are  totally 
different  and  feed  on  quite  different  trees. 

Length  of  forewing,  elongata,   S  38-45  mm.     Expanse,  83-98  mm. 
„  etiribya,    q   28-36  mm.     Expanse,   62-78  mm. 

,,  „  elongata,   ?  48-58  mm.     Expanse,   105-127  mm.] 

23  bis  a.  Lirimiris  elongata  postpallida  subsp.  nov. 

(J.  Differs  from  elongata  elongata  from  Peru  in  its  almost  white  hindwings, 
and  the  forewings  being  less  grey,  more  suffused  with  pale  buff. 
Habitat.  Costa  Rica,  Tuis  (W.  Schaus). 

23  bis  h.  Lirimiris  elongata  orientalis  subsp.  nov. 

(J.  Differs  from  e.  elongata  in  having  the  forewings  suffused  with  brownish 
buff,  and  the  hindwings,  although  dark  brown  as  in  e.  elongata,  also  show  a  more 
yellowish  tone. 

Habitat.  Potaro,  British  Guiana,  February  1908  (S.  M.  Klages)  ;  Omai, 
British  Guiana  ;  British  Guiana  bought  at  Georgetown  (Rev.  IVIr.  Whitford) 
(type)  ;  St.  Jean  de  Maroni,  French  Guiana  ;  Fonte  Boa,  Upper  Amazons, 
September  1906  (S.  M.  Klages).     9  specimens  in  all. 

24.  Lirimiris  mirabilis  spec.  nov. 

(J.  Antennae  strongly  pectinated  amber-brown  ;  head  and  thorax  buff  ; 
abdomen  sooty  grey-black ;  last  segment  and  anal  tuft  grey. 

Forewing :  basal  two-fifths  buff  with  some  slightly  darker  marks  ;  a  large 
cream-white  round  spot  in  a  larger  olive-brown  patch  at  end  of  cell,  from  which 
runs  a  broad  cream  band  towards  apex  ;  outer  four-fifths  of  costa  sooty  black, 
extending  into  the  wing  beyond  cell  as  low  as  base  of  vein  5  and  then  narrowing 
again  towards  apex,  a  subapical  chocolate  patch,  rest  of  wing  buff  shaded  some- 
what with  brown,  a  postmedian  doubly  zigzag  line  somewhat  faint  and  shadowy  ; 
between  veins  4  and  6  some  irregular  pale  rufous-brown  patches  and  a  mar- 
ginal band  of  pale  rufous  from  vein  4  to  vein  1  ;  wing  strongly  excised  between 
veins  4  and  1  ;  along  outer  half  of  vein  1  wing  is  sooty  grey. Hindwing  white. 

?.  Similar  but  paler  ;  forewing  less  excised  between  veins  1  and  4  ;  margin 
of  hindwing  slightly  rufous. 

Length  of  forewing  :   37  mm.     Expanse  :    81  mm. 

Habitat.  Pozuzu,  Peru,  900  m.  =  2,925  ft.  (W.  Hoffmann),  1  ^  (type)  ; 
Valencia,  Venezuela,  1  ?. 

25.  Arhacia  postbrunnea  spec.  nov. 

(J.  Antennae  shaft  dark  brown,  pectinations  paler  ;  palpi  chocolate  ;  head 
olive-buff  ;  thorax  olive-buff  striped  with  pale  brown,  and  tegulae  ringed  with 
chocolate  ;  abdomen  sooty  black-brown,  anal  tuft  edged  and  suffused  with 
paler  brown. 

Forewing  olive-buff  with  a  chocolate  border  all  round  except  on  basal  one- 
Bixth  of  costa  ;   a  yellow-buff  stigma  with  two  darker  lines  in  it,  a  brown  smear 


NOVITATES    ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV.     1917.  '239 

in  median  fold  and  various  streaks  and  smears  of  darker  and  paler  olive-bufiP  on 
disc  ;  an  indistinct  zigzag  postdiscal  brownish  line  and  in  the  chocolate  border 
along   termen  are  two  pinkish  submarginal  hair-lines  and  a  broader  buff  line 

along  inner  side  of  terminal  portion  of  chocolate  border.- Hindwing  sooty 

black-brown ;  basal  two-thirds  of  costal,  one-third  of  wing  and  abdominal  area 
suffused  with  olive-buff ;  two  pinkish  lines  at  tornus. 

Length  of  forewing  :  25  mm.     Expanse  :    56  mm. 

Habitat.  St.  Jean  de  Maroni,  French  Guiana. 

26.  Drugera  pallidiflava  spec.  nov. 

?.  Antennae  pale  brown  ;  head  and  thorax  rusty  buff  mixed  with  grey 
and  brown  hairs  ;  abdomen  yellowish  wood-grey,  an  orange  patch  on  second 
segment. 

Forewing  shining  buii  ;  base  olive-brown,  an  oblique  rather  indistinct 
antemedian  olive-rufous  band  and  curved  concave  broad  postmedian  similar 
band  ;  three  anteapical  rufous-chocolate  spots  on  costa,  which  is  washed  with 
rusty  rufous  ;  a  rufous  interrupted  antemarginal  line,  outer  margin  strongly 
convex. Hindwing  buS  suffused  with  mauve  or  purplii^h  brown. 

Length  of  forewing  :   22  mm.     Expanse  :   49  mm. 

Habitat.  La  Oroya,  Rio  Inambari,  South-east  Peru,  January  1906,  3,100  ft. 
(G.  Ockenden). 

27.  Drugeia  muscosa  spec.  nov. 

(J.  Antennae  amber-brown  serrated  deeply  on  one  side,  one-fourth  from 
base  is  a  large  comblike  structure  consisting  of  prolonged  and  widened  teeth, 
first  joint  very  long,  rest  of  antennae  attached  to  first  joint  by  a  flat  tongue  on 
underside  only  ;  head  and  thorax  dark  chocolate-brown  washed  with  olive- 
green  ;    abdomen  cinnamon  chocolate-brown. 

Forewing  blackish  moss-green,  with  subbasal,  antemedian,  median,  three 
postmedian,  and  submarginal  irregular  lines  of    lighter  and  darker  coalescent 

half-moons,  the  submarginal  row  is  greyish  white  inside. Hindwings  cinnamon 

chocolate-brown . 

Length  of  forewing  :   27-29  mm.     Expanse:    61-65  mm. 

Habitat.  Maraval,  Trinidad,  July  1891  (type)  ;  Calama,  Rio  Madeii'a 
(W.  Hoffmanns). 

28.  Psilacron  sericeus  spec.  nov. 

cj.  Antennae  strongly  pectinated,  decreasing  regularly  to  the  apex,  rufous, 
shaft  buff  ;  head  and  thorax  very  shaggy,  cinnamon-chocolate  much  mixed 
with  buff  and  greenish  hairs  ;  abdomen  chocolate-cinnamon,  anal  tuft  buff. 

Forewing  bright  buff  clouded  with  greyish  and  cinnamon,  giving  it  a  greenish 
olivaceous  tinge  ;  costal  area  chocolate-cinnamon  much  shaded  with  buff,  a 
basal  chocolate  line,  a  double  antemedian  band,  upper  half  thick  and  chocolate, 
lower  half  thin  and  grey  ;  a  somewliat  ill-defined  and  hazy  large  wedge-shaped 
patch  of  chocolate  suffused  with  buff  occupies  the  costal  three-fifths  of  disc  of 
wing,  within  which  is  a  large  double  buff  stigma  ;  the  forewing  has  a  strong 
satiny  lustre  and  is  very  thickly  scaled. Hindwing  chocolate-cinnamon. 


240  NOVITATES    ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV.     1917. 

Length  of  forewing :    22  mm.     Expanse;    51  mm. 

Habitat.  4  Huancabamba,  Cerro  de  Pasco,  Peru  (E.  Bottger)  (type)  ;  1 
Oconeque,  Caiabaya,  7,000  ft.,  South-east  Peru,  July  1904  (G.  Ockenden). 

29.  Psilacron  divisa  spec.  nov. 

(J.  Antennae  rufous  ;  head  and  thorax  rufous  cinnamon-chestnut  ;  abdomen 
black-brown,  anal  tuft  dull  rufous. 

Forewing  chestnut  cinnamon-rufous  ;  costa  with  oblique  darker  streaks,  a 
number  of  ante-  and  postmedian  lines  of  darker  coalescent  lunules,  a  small  black 
stigmatic  spot,  and  a  yellowish  streak  beyond  cell. Hindwmgs  black-brov\'n. 

Length  of  forewuig  :    16  mm.     Expanse:    36  mm. 

Habitat.  1  Fonte  Boa,  Upper  Amazons,  May  1906  (S.  M.  Klages)  (type); 
1  La  Union,  Rio  Huacamayo,  South-east  Peru,  2,000  ft.,  November  1904 
(G.  Ockenden). 

30.  Notoplusia  distinguenda  spec.  nov. 

S.  Antennae  brown  ;  head  and  thorax  pale  mauve  suffused  with  red  ; 
abdomen  mauve-brown  with  an  upright  deep  red  tuft  on  first  segment,  and  on 
second  and  third  segments  similar  mauve-brown  tufts  tipped  or  sprinkled  with 
red ;  anal  tuft  large  mauve-brown  tipped  with  dark  brown. 

Forewing :  basal  half  obliquely  dull  brown  tinged  with  mauve,  with  in- 
distinct lines  of  darker  streaks,  and  a  large  dumbbell-shaped  patch  of  apple- 
green  ;  outer  half  cinnamon-mauve,  an  irregular  submarginal  band  of  maroon- 
red  spots,  forked  in  upper  half,  one  patch  on  inner  fork  very  large  ;  termen 

maroon-red. Hindwings  :      basal    half    pale    wood-grey,    outer    half   darker 

brownish  grey. 

?  larger  with  hindwing  all  dark  grey. 

Length  of  forewing  :    S  22  mm.,  ?  26  mm.      Expanse :    S  48  mm.,  $  57  mm. 

Habitat.  2  cjtj,  1  ?,  Fonte  Boa,  Upper  Amazons,  October  1906  (S.  M. 
Klages)  ;  1  <J,  1  2,  Santo  Antonio  do  Javary,  Upper  Amazons,  May  1907  (S.  M. 
Klages)  ;  1  3,  Allianca  below  San  Antonio,  Rio  Madeua,  November  1907  (W. 
Hoffmanns)  (type)  ;  1   cj,  St.  Jean  de  Maroni,  French  Guiana. 


31.  Trichomoplata  dimorpha  spec.  nov. 

(J.  Antennae  amber-brown  ;   head,  thorax,  and  abdomen  dirty  greyish  buff. 

Forewuig  semihyaline  dirty  white ;  basal  three-fourths  of  costal  area  and 
basal  half  of  wing  more  heavily  scaled,  dirty  yellowish  grey  clouded,  and  also 
similar  though  much  fainter  cloudings  at  apex  and  along  subtermmal  area,  a 

large  rusty  orange   patch  on   basal   half   of   vein  2. Hindwmg  semihyaline 

white;  costal  and  abdominal  areas  duty  pale  yellowish  grey. 

?.  Much  larger  ;  antennae  rufous  cinnamon  ;  head  and  thorax  huffish 
cmuamon  ;    abdomen  darker. 

Forewuig  huffish  cinnamon  with  indistinct  darker  lines  and  streaks,  central 
part  of  disc  beyond  middle  semihyaline  whitish  with  bands  and  streaks  of  cm- 
namon ;  on  vein  2  is  a  large  blood-red  patch  and  obliquely  below  it  one  of  rusty 
brown,  a  submarginal  curved  double  hair-line  white  and  deep  rufous. Hind- 


NOVITATES    ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV.     1917.  241 

wing  semihyaline  whitish,  more  or  less  thickly  clothed  with  rusty  cinnamon  hairs 
especially  on  abdominal  and  costal  regions. 

Length  of  forewing  :   cj  22  mm..  $  29  mm.     Expanse  :   d  50  mm.,  5  67  mm. 

Habitat.  3  cJeJ,  6  ??,  Fonte  Boa,  Upper  Amazons,  May  1906  (S.  M.  Klagea) 
(?  type). 

32.  Trichoraoplata  stigmatica  spec.  nov. 

(S.  Antennae  amber-yellow  ;  head  dark  buff  ;  thorax  and  abdomen  rusty 
cinnamon. 

Forewing  rusty  cinnamon,  disc  beyond  middle  semihj'aline,  basal  one-third 
of  wing  washed  with  pale  brown  m  type  and  with  blackish  in  second  specimen  ; 
at  apex  of  cell  a  veniform  black  stigma  with  buff  centre  and  an  orange  spot 

outside    it    distad  ;    a    large    rufous   orange    patch   on    vein   2. Hindwing 

semihyaline  white ;  costal  and  abdominal  areas  densely  clothed  with  cmnamon- 
buff  hairs. 

Length  of  forewing  :  20  mm.     Expanse :  46  mm. 

Habitat.  2  (JcJ,  Fonte  Boa,  Upper  Amazons,  May  1906  (S.  M.  Klages). 

33.  Stauropus  nitidus  spec.  nov. 

o.  Antennae  amber-brown ;  head  and  thorax  yellowish  golden  bronze ; 
abdomen  brownish  cinnamon. 

Forewing  deep  rufous  chocolate  densely  powdered  with  metallic  green  ; 
a  subbasal  spot  and  an  angulated  streak  below  median  white,  a  white  irregular 
discocellular  patch  ;  a  postmedian  band  of  white  lunules  angled  outwards  and 
a  postdiscal  green  band  angled  mwards  meet  between  veins  3  and  4  and  form 
a  cross  (x),  the  inner,  upper,  and  lower  arms  being  formed  by  the  band  of  white 

lunules  and  the  outer  by  the  green  band. Hindwing  :  basal  three-fifths  pale 

cinnamon  clothed  with  yellowish  hairs,  outer  two-fifths  darker  cinnamon. 

$.  Similar,  but  the  metallic  green  powdering  much  denser,  and  in  conse- 
quence the  insect  appears  almost  green. 

Length  of  forewing  :  <J  22  mm.,  ?  24  mm.     Expanse  :   ij  49  mm.,  ?  53  mm. 

Habitat.  Mount  Goliath,  Central  Dutch  New  Guinea,  5,000-7,000  ft., 
January— February   1911  (A.  S.  Meek),  7   (JcJ,  2  ??. 

34.  Stauropus  flavicollis  spec.  nov. 

<J  ?.  Antennae  brown  ;  head  and  tegulae  huffish  yellow,  base  of  tegulae 
white  ;  rest  of  thorax  chocolate-purple,  most  of  the  haiis  with  small  white  tips  ; 
abdomen  clayey  wood-brown. 

Forewing  chocolate-purple  powdered  with  white  scales,  the  absence  of 
these  white  scales  in  places  causes  the  wing  to  appear  banded  with  sinuous  and 
zigzag  dark  transverse  lines  ;  along  costa  patches  of  metallic  apple-green, 
some  similar  green  scales  near  centre  of  disc,  three  postdiscal  green  lunate  patches. 
— —Hindwing  pale  cinnamon,  apex  with  chocolate-purple  and  white  patch. 

Length  of  forewmg  :  cJ  20  mm.,  $  23  mm.     Expanse  :  3  45  mm.,  ?  52  mm. 

Habitat.  Mount  Goliath,  Central  Dutch  New  Guinea,  5,000-7,000  ft., 
February  1911  (A.  S.  Meek),  1  (J,  1  ?  (?  type). 

16 


242  NOVITATES    ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV.     1917. 

35.  Stauropus  purpurasceus  spec.  nov. 

<J.  Antennae  deep  brown  ;  head  and  thorax  chocolate  maroon-purple 
powdered  somewhat  with  white ;  abdomen  pale  wood-brown. 

Forewing  chocolate  maroon-purple  powdered  with  pale  lavender  and  metallic 
apple-green  scales,  the  absence  in  places  of  these  scales  gives  the  wings  the 
appearance  of  being  spotted  with  brighter  purple  patches  ;  a  cinnamon-white 
discocellular  .stigma,  an   irregular  broken   postdiscal  green   band  produced  by 

the   conglomeration    of  the   green   scales. Hindwing   whitish    washed    witli 

purplish  cinnamon,  darker  towards  margins ;  a  deep  purple-cinnamon  patch 
at  apex. 

?.  Similar,  larger,  and  with  denser  green  scaling  ;  no  stigma  in  forewmg  ; 
hindwing  cinnamon  grey-brown ;  purple  apical  patch  powdered  with  green. 

Length  of  forewing  :  S  19  mm.,  ?  25  mm.     Expanse  :  S  42  mm.,  ?  56  mm. 

Habitat.  Mount  Goliath,  Central  Dutch  New  Gumea,  5,000-7,000  ft., 
February   1911   (A.  S.  Meek),   4   <J<J,  2  $?. 

36.  Stauropus  viridinitens  spec.  nov. 

S  ?.  Antennae  cinnamon-brown  ;  palpi  dark  brown,  thud  joint  orange, 
very  shaggy  ;  head  grey  with  large  tuft  of  hau-  on  vertex  ;  thorax  brown,  the 
very  long  haii-  tipped  with  long  tips  of  yellowish  green  ;  abdomen  chocolate- 
cinnamon. 

Forewing  greyish  white,  densely  covered  over  with  metallic  green  scales  ; 
a  double  antemedial  line  purple-brown,  a  double  irregular  sinuous  postmedian 
band  partly  of  lunules,  partly  of  irregular  patches  purple-brown,  a  purple-brown 

subterminal  band  of    streaks. Hindwing  chocolate-cinnamon ;    apical    patch 

purple-brown,  densely  coated  with  green  scales. 

Length  of  forewing  :   3  24  mm.,  $  27  mm.     Expanse :   3  55  mm.,  $  62  mm. 

Habitat.  Biagi,  Mambare  River,  North-east  British  New  Guinea,  5,000  ft., 
January  1906  (A.  S.  Meek)  (type  ?),  7  <?,?,  1  ?. 

37.  Stauropus  leucophaeus  spec.  nov. 

?.  Antennae  bright  brown  ;  head  and  thorax  pale  coffee-brown  mixed 
with  dirty  white  ;  abdomen  dirty  brownish  cinnamon. 

Forewing  deep  chocolate-brown  powdered  densely  with  white  scaks,  a 
band  before  middle,  a  broken  kregular  patchlLke  postmedian  band,  and  a  zigzag 
subterminal   line   entirely  without  white  scales ;   a   broad   irregular   postdiscal 

area   grey,    as   is  the   double   stigma. Hindwing   pale   chocolate-cinnamon  i 

apical  patch  brown  and  white. 

Length  of  forewing:   25  mm.     Expanse:   555  mm. 

Habitat.  Mount  Goliath,  Central  Dutch  New  Guinea,  5,000-7,000  ft., 
February  1911  (A.  S.  Meek),   1   ?. 

38.  Stauropus  glaucoviridis  spec.  nov. 

?.  Antennae  amber-brown  ;  head  and  thorax  pale  bluish  sage-green,  hairs 
each  tipped  with  white,  inner  edges  of  patagia  and  patch  in  centre  of  thorax 
dirty  grey  ;  abdomen  cinnamon  wood-brown. 

Forewing  bluish  sage-green   encrusted  with  a  here-and-there  broken  layer 


NOVITATES    ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV.     1917.  243 

of  thick  white  scales,  the  ground-colour  appeaiuig  in  patches,  a  broad  oblique 
postmedian  band  and  a  broad  anteterminal  band  in  wliich  latter  runs  a  sub- 
terminal  white  line  of  short  streaks  ;  some  black  spots  on  costa  and  a  black 
antemedian  band  reaching  to  above  vein  1  ;  fringe  chequered  sooty  grey  and 
sage-green.— — Hindwing  cinnamon  grey-brown. 

Length  of  forewing  :  23  mm.     Expanse  :   52  mm. 

Habitat.  Biagi,  JVIambare,  North-east  British  New  Guinea,  April  1906  (A.  S. 
Meek),  1  $. 

39.  Stauropus  tripla^osus  spec.  nov. 

?.  Anteimae  brown  ;  head  cinnamon-grey  ;  thorax  brown,  each  hah  with 
outer  half  dirty  whitish  grey  so  that  the  colour  appears  grizzled  ;  abdomen 
very  pale  cinnamon-brown. 

Forewmg  whitish  grey  powdered  with  darker  scales  and  m  several  large 
patches  washed  with  greenish  buff  ;  a  large  patch  beyond  discocellulars  running 
from  costa  into  the  \^'ing,  a  baso-subbasal  patch  below  median,  and  a  patch 
between  inner  margin  and  centre  of  vein  2  dark  brown  slightly  sprinkled  with 
grey  ;    double  zigzag  ante-  and  postmedian  lines  and  a  sinuous  subterminal 

hah-line  also  dark  brown. Hindwing  pale  cinnamon-brown,  costal  one-third 

grey  with  large  subapical  dark  brown  patch. 

Length  of  forewing  :    28  mm.     Expanse  :    63  mm. 

Habitat.  Mount  Goliath,  Central  Dutch  New  Guinea,  500  ft.,  February 
1911  (A.  S.  Meek),  1  ?. 

40.  Stauropus  frugilegus  spec.  nov. 

(J.  Antennae  brown  ;  head  and  thorax  mouse-grey  ;  abdomen  mouse-grey. 

Forewhig  mouse-grey  suffused  with  olive-green,  double  ante-  and  post- 
median  darker  Imes,  the  space  between  the  double  lines  and  also  between  the 
two  lines  of  each  double  line  a  sprmkling  of  bluish  or  lavender  scales  producing 
a  glaucous  appearance  ;    a  sinuous  subterminal  dark  line  beyond  which  are 

also  bluish  scales. Hindwing  duty  white ;  abdominal  area  hauy  buff  ;  costal 

area  same  colour  as  forewing,  outer  one-fifth  below  this  pale  brownish  cinnamon, 
tapering  to  vein  1. 

Length  of  forewmg  :    23  mm.     Expanse  :    52  mm. 

Habitat.  Rook  Island  (New  Guinea),  August — September  1913,  2  JS 
(A.  S.  Meek). 

.    41.  Stauropus  viridogrisea  spec.  nov. 

3.  Antennae  brown  ;  head  rufous  cinnamon,  strongly  mixed  with  whitish  ; 
thorax  cinnamon  so  strongly  mixed  with  white  as  to  appear  dull  whitish  grey  ; 
abdomen  pale  cinnamon-brown. 

Forewing  brown,  outer  half  densely,  basal  half  less  densely  suffused  with 
white  and  spangled  with  patches  of  metallic  green  scales  ;  a  number  of  dark 
indistmct  sinuous  double  lines  cross  the  disc  of  the  wing,  a  waved  subterminal 

dark  brown  hair-line. Hindwing  pale  greyish  cinnamon-brown,  a  large  dark 

brown  subapical  patch  powdered  with  green  scales. 

?.  Much  larger  and  paler  « ith  the  sinuous  lines  much  more  distinct. 


244  NOVTTATES    ZOOLOOICAE    XXIV.     1917. 

Length  of  forewing  :  cj  20  mm.,  9  29  mm.     Expanse  :  cJ  45  mm.,  ?  66  mm. 
Habitat.  Biagi,   Marabare,  5,000  ft.,  April  1906   (A.  S.  Meek),    1    <?  (type)  ; 
Upper  Aroa  River,  British  New  Guinea,  March  1903  (A.  S.  Meek),  1  ?. 

42.  Stauropus  alboviridis  spec.  nov. 

?.  Antennae  rufous  ;  head  and  thorax  cinnamon  maroon  strongly  mixed 
with  white  ;  abdomen  pale  cinnamon  brown. 

Forewing  white  ;  basal  one-fifth  and  inner  area  running  along  beyond 
vem  1  and  into  a  patch  reaching  vein  2  metallic  green,  in  the  latter  patch  a 
white  spot,  terminal  area  suffused  with  metallic  green,  a  large  costo-subcostal 
green  patch  with  white  in  it,  and  two  lines  proceeding  to  join  patch  below 

vein  2. Hindwings   pale   greyish    cinnamon  ;    costal  area  white   with   large 

subapical  chocolate  patch  powdered  with  green. 

Length  of  forewing  :    25  mm.     Expanse  :    55  mm. 

Habitat.  Biagi,  Mambare,  5,000  ft.,  January  1906  (A.  S.  Meek),  2  $?. 

43.  Stauropus  germana  spec.  nov. 

(J.  Similar  to  ]Mllidifascia  Hmpsn.  but  at  once  distinguished  by  the  double 
postmedian  band  not  being  angled,  but  evenly  curved. 

Antennae  black-brown  ;  head  and  thorax  chocolate  rufous  ;  centre  of 
abdomen  rufous  maroon,  sides  rufous  cinnamon. 

Forewing  :  base  and  outer  one-thhd  slate-grey,  the  latter  with  rufous  brown 
cloud-marks  and  a  maroon  subterminal  hair-line  ;  rest  of  wing  deep  rufous 
with  indistinct  cloudings,  a  double  curved  postmedian  band  of  blood  red  with 

cinnamon  rufous  interspace  ;  a  pale  stigma. Hindwing  buffy  cream-colour  ; 

costal  one-thiid  maroon  rufous  with  slate-grey  apex. 

?.  Larger  markings  similar  but  deep  rufous  replaced  by  chocolate  and 
postmedian  double  line  followed  by  a  broad  band  of  bluish-grey  white  ;  hind- 
wing  grey-brown. 

Length  of  forewing  :    J  24  mm.,  ?  29  mm.     Expanse  :   <J  54  mm.,  ?  66  mm. 

Habitat.  Nmay  Valley,  Central  Arfak  Mountains,  Dutch  New  Guinea, 
3,500  ft.,  November  1908— January  1909  (A.  E.  Pratt),  3  <J(J,  2  ?$  (cJ  type); 
Biagi,  Mambare,  5,000  ft.,  March  1906  (A.  S.  Meek),  1  $. 

44.  Stauropus  rufescens  spec.  nov. 

c?.  Antennae  deep  brown  ;  head  white  tinged  with  ciiuiamon,  vertex  pale 
lemon  ;  tegulae  white  mixed  with  deep  rufous,  rest  of  thorax  deep  maroon 
rufous  ;  abdomen  grey-brown. 

Forewing  :  basal  one-fourth  pale  rufous  densely  sprinkled  with  metallic 
apple-green  scales  ;  disc  of  wing  bright  maroon  rufous,  outer  one-fourth  sprinkled 

with  apple-green  giving  it  a  deep  brown  appearance. Hindwing  unier  half 

cream- white  slightly  tinged  with  rufous,  rest  of  wing  deep  maroon  rufous. 

?.  Differs  in  the  whole  head  being  pale  lemon,  the  tegulae  whiter,  and  the 
rest  of  the  thorax  dark  cinnamon. 

The  forewing  has  the  basal  tlu:ee-fourths  of  forewing  dark  rufous  chocolate 
and  the  apple-green  scales  intermixed  with  grey ;  the  outer  fourth  is  rufous  grey 
with  only  green  scaling  along  terminal  area. Hmdwings  darker. 


NOVITATES   ZOOLOGICAE   XXIV.    1917.  245 

Length  of  forewing :    (J  18  mm.,  ?  20  mm.     Expanse  :    <?  40  mm.,  9  46  mm. 

Habitat.  Ninay  Valley,  Central  Arfak  Mountains,  Dutch  New  Guinea, 
3,500  ft.,  November  1908— January  1909  (A.  E.  Pratt),  1  3  type  ;  Biagi,  Mam- 
bare,  5,000  ft.,  April  1906  (A.  S.  Meek),  1  (J,  1  ?. 

45.  Stauiopus  sikkimensis  khasianus  subsp.  nov. 

cj.  Differs  from  s.  sikkimensis  in  the  thorax  and  base  of  the  forewing  being 
apple-green  not  grey,  and  rest  of  the  wing  deep  spinach-green,  as  is  also  the  large 
square  apical  patch  on  the  hmdwing. 

Habitat.  Khasia  Hills,  Assam,  8  SS  (compared  with  7  ijej,  2  ?$  from 
Darjeeling  in  Tring  Museum). 

46.  Stauropus  affinis  spec.  nov. 

?.  Similar  to  sikkimensis  and  s.  kJiusiana,  but  distinguished  by  the  absence 
of  definite  cross  bands  on  the  forewing,  by  a  pale  subcostal  patch  one-third  from 
apex,  and  by  three  black  patches  in  and  near  apex  of  cell.  Base  of  forewing  and 
thorax  mixed  lavender-grey  and  apple-green  ;  large  apical  patch  on  hindwiiig 
black. 

Length  of  forewing  :  26  mm.     Expanse  :  57  mm. 

Habitat.  Mount  Goliath,  Central  Dutch  New  Guiaea,  6,000-7,000  ft.,  February 
1911  (A.  S.  Meek),  2  ?$. 

47.  Stauropus  mediolinea  spec.  nov. 

<J.  Antennae  dark  brown  ;  head  and  thorax  mouse-grey  ;  abdomen  slightly 
browner. 

Eoiewing  pale  mouse-grey,  a  double  median  irregular  rufous  band,  the  outer 
part  only  reaching  median  vein,  basad  from  this  some  traces  of  zigzag  lines 
and  spots  also  rufous  ;  a  terminal  line  of  black  and  white  dots. — — Hindwinge 
darker  mouse-grey  with  a  terminal  line  of  cuneate  dark  brown  spots. 

Length  of  forewing  :  26  mm.     Expanse  :  58  mm. 

Habitat.  Chung-Kiang,  West  China,  August  1911,  1   o. 

48.  Stauropus  incisus  spec.  nov. 

?.  Antennae  dark  brown  ;  head,  thorax,  and  abdomen  yellowish  grey  mixed 
with  white  hairs. 

Forewing  white  ;  base  and  basal  four-fifths  of  wing  below  median  and  vein  2 
olive-green  into  which  runs  a  pure  white  wedge-shaped  patch  from  median  on 
which  are  some  scarlet  scales  ;   rest  of  wing  clouded  and  speckled  with  scarlet, 

green,  and  dark  grey  scales  and  spots. Hindwing  greyish  brown-cinnamon, 

a  black  subapical  streak. 

Length  of  forewing  :  20  mm.     Expanse  :  45  ram. 

Habitat.  Ogrugu,  Niger. 

49.  Stauropus  apiculatus  spec.  nov. 

(J  9-  Antennae  deep  brown  ;  head  and  thorax  pale  maroon-cinnamon  ; 
abdomen  cinnamon-broA^n,  last  segment  and  anal  tuft  ash-grey. 

Forewing  claret -cumamon ;  base,  inner  margin  below  vein  1,  a  large  lunate 


246  NOVITATES    ZOOLOOICAE    XXIV.     1017. 

postdiscal    patch,   and  a   smaller   patch  below  vein  3   pinkish  silver-grey. 

Hindwings  cinnamon-brown. 

Length  of  forewing  :  <J  21  mm.,   ?28mm.     Expanse:   o  47  mm.,  $  63  mm. 

Habitat.  Penang,  January— April  1898  (Curtis),  2  36,  I  ?  (type  ?)  ;  1  ? 
Khasia  Hills,  April  1897  (Native  coll.). 

50.  StauTopus  notodontina  spec.  nov. 

S.  Antennae  dull  brown  ;  head  dirty  white  ;  thorax  grey  freckled  «itl\ 
white  and  cinnamon  brown-grey. 

Forewing :  basal  tliree-fifths  slate-grey  clouded  with  paler  grey,  a  double 
semicoalescing  antemedian  black  line  and  a  postmedian  dark  serrated  band 
beyond  which  is  a  broad  black  sharply  angulated  line  separating  the  basal 
three-fifths  from  rest  of  wing,  an  indication  of  a  discocellular  stigma  ;  outer  two- 
fifths   of  wing  pale   ash-grey,  a  dark  grey  streak  from   co.sta  to  vein  4  out.'-ide 

angled  band  ;  a  black  marginal  hair-line. Hindwing  dirty  w  hite  with  brownish 

grey  shaggy  hair  at  base  and  on  abdominal  area,  a  black  torr.al  spot  and  a  dark 
grey  terminal  hair-line  ;  fringe  chequered  grey  and  white  with  two  black  spots 
near  toinus. 

?.  Larger  ;  forewing  ground-colour  uniform,  grey  bands  and  lines  very  dis- 
tinct, angled  black  band  broken  between  veins  2  and  3. Hindwings  cinnamon- 
grey  with  a  darker  and  paler  double  median  line. 

Length  of  forewing  :  S  25  mm.,  9  29  mm.     Expanse  :  S  57  mm.,  $  67  mm. 

Habitat.  Khasia  Hills,  Assam,  May  1897  (Nat.  coll.),  5  S6,  4  ??  (9  type). 

51.  Stauropus  bipunctus  spec.  nov. 

$.  Similar  to  the  last  but  more  uniform  grey. 

Forewing  mouse-grey  with  paler  and  darker  shadowy  serrated  lines  ;  two 
black  spots  obliquelj'  vertical,  one  in  cell  and  one  below-  median,  a  postmedian 
serrated  black  band  from  costa  to  vein  4  outside,  which  is  a  black  costal  patch 

from  which  runs  a  dark  grey  serrated  line  also  to  vein  4. Hindwings  yellowish 

grey. 

Length  of  forewing  :  26  mm.     Expanse  :  60  mm. 

Habitat.  Penang,  January  1897  (Curtis),  1  ?. 

52.  Cascera  albiscripta  spec.  nov. 

9.  Antennae  black-brown  ;  head  white,  vertex  huffish  green  ;  tegulae 
huffish  green,  rest  of  thorax  buffi.-h  green  shaded  with  pale  brown  and  sprinkled 
with  white  ;  abdomen  bronzy  wood-brown. 

Forewing  olive-bronze,  basal  three-fifths  with  double  white  spots  on  costa, 
inside  of  cell  white,  reaching  beyond  median  near  base  ;  an  antemedian  white 
curved  hah-line  and  a  dumbbell  white  patch  bej-ond  it  below  median  ;  a  large 
black  reniform  stigma  and  beyond  it  a  broad  white  oblique  band  reaching  from 
costa  to  vein  2  ;  subterminal  and  terminal  area  whitish  with  cinnamon  spots, 
a  zigzag  white  line  bordering  it  basad. Hindwing  :  basal  half  bronz}-  wood- 
brown,  outer  half  darker. 

Length  of  forewing  :  24  mm.     Expanse  :  55  mm. 

Habitat.  Mount  Goliath,  Central  Dutch  New  Gumea,  5,000-7,000  ft., 
February  1911  (A.  S.  Meek),  1  9. 


NOVITATES    ZOOLOOICAE    XXIV.     1917.  247 

53.  Cascera  albiscripta  virens  .^ub,sp.  nov. 

?.  Similar  to  a.  albiscripta  but  paler  bronzy  olive-green. 
Habitat.   Angabunga   River,   affluent   of   St.   Joseph's   River,  British   New 
Guinea,  November  1904— February  1905  (A.  S.  Meek),  1  ?. 

54.  Cascera  marginata  spec.  nov. 

9.  Antennae  bro\vn  ;  head  browuLsh  buff ;  thorax  creamy  brown,  tegulae 
and  patagia  on  inner  side  broadly  with  hairs  tipped  with  white ;  abdomen 
brownLsh  cinnamon. 

Forewing  dirty  w  hite  variegated  with  streak.s  ard  cloudings  of  olive-brown, 
a  deep  chocolate  stigma  and  a  square  pure  white  patch  between  basal  half  of 
veins  2  and  3 ;  outer  fourth  of  wing  and  area  below  median  nervure  chocolate- 
brown  suffused  with  olive  ;  some  indistinct  whitish  lines  and  spots  in  area  below 
median  and  an  irregular  white  marginal  line. Hindwing  brownish  cinnamon. 

Length  of  forewing  ;  25  mm.     Expanse  :  56  mm. 

Habitat.  Ninaj'  Valley,  Central  Arfak  Mountains,  Dutch  New  Guinea, 
3.500  ft.,  November  1908— January  1909  (A.  E.  Pratt),  1  ?  type  ;  near  Oetakwa 
River,  Snow  Mountains,  Dutch  New  Guinea,  up  to  3,500  ft.,  October — December 
1910  (A.  S.  Meek),  2  ??. 

55.  Cascera  flavovirens  .spec  nov. 

?.  Antennae  brown ;  head  vinaceous  mixed  with  cream-white  ;  tegulae 
claret-colour  edged  with  greenish  white,  patagia  pale  yellowish  sea-green  mixed 
with  white  and  edged  with  claret-colour  ;  rest  of  thorax  and  abdomen  cinnamon. 

Forewing  mossy  yellowish  sea-green  variegated  with  darker  and  whitish 
lines  and  clouds  ;  costa  with  alternate  maroon  and  white  oblique  bands  and 
patches,  a  large  antemedian  angled  maroon  patch  below  median  with  white  spot 
in  angle,  a  pale  maroon  stigma,  a  white  patch  above  vein  2,  a  broad  irregular 
postdiscal  maroon  band,  and  a  subterminal  line  of  maroon  and  white  cuneate 
spots. Hindwings  cinnamon. 

Length  of  forewing  :  28  mm.     Expanse  :  63  mm. 

Habitat.  Near  Oetakwa  River,  Snow  Mountams,  Dutch  New  Guinea,  up  to 
3,500  ft.,  October— December  1910  (A.  S.  Meek),  1  9. 

56.  Cascera  olivacea  olivacea  spec.  nov. 

cJ  9.  Antennae  rusty  brown  ;  head  olive  mixed  with  white  ;  tegulae  orange- 
buff,  dark  brown  at  base,  rest  of  thorax  buff  washed  with  olive  and  with  central 
dark  brown  spot  ;    abdomen  dark  cinnamon. 

Forewing  velvety  olive-brown,  with  irregular  buff  and  green  baso-subbasal 
marks,  costa  with  white  and  olive  on  greenish  buff  markings,  a  central  irregular 
olive-buff  patch  clouded  with  olive-brown  and  sharply  reduced  to  half  its  width 
from  base  of  vein  2  and  with  a  large  and  smaller  dark  olive-brown  patch  above 
median  ;  a  white  patch  above  vein  2  and  an  olive-buff  zigzag  subterminal  line  ; 
frmge  golden  olive. Hindwing  dark  cmnamon. 

Length  of  forewing  :  o  25  mm.,  9  27  mm.     Expanse  :  cJ  57  mm.,  9  61  mm. 

Habitat.  Near  Oetakwa  River,  Snow  Mountains,  Dutch  New  Guinea,  up  to 
3,500  ft.,  October— December  1910  (A.  S.  Meek),  1  o^  1  9. 


248 


NOVITATES    ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV.     1917. 


56a.  Cascera  olivacea  flavolavata  sub.sp.  nov. 

<J.  Differs  from  o.  olivacea  in  being  much  paler  and  looks  as  if  it  had  been 
soaked  in  a  sulphur  bath. 

Habitat.  Ninay  Valley,  Central  Aifak  Mountains,  Dutch  New  Guinea, 
3,500  ft.,  November  1908— January  1909  (A.  E.  Pratt),  1  o'. 

57.  Cascera  irrorata  spec.  nov. 

<J.  Antennae  rufous  brown  ;  head  cinnamon ;  tegulae  cmnamon,  hairs 
along  edges  tipped  with  white,  rest  of  thorax  dark  cinnamon-brown  with  many 
hairs  tipped  with  white  ;    abdomen  rufous  cuinamon. 

Forewing  bright  chocolate  slightly  washed  with  olive  and  streaked  and 
lined  irregularly  with  pale  whitish  pink ;  a  white  mark  under  median  near 
base  and  an  oval  white  patch  on  vein  2 ;  an  irregular  sinuate  \^hite  subter- 
minal  line;  fringe  mLxed  pale  grey  and  brown. Hindwings  dark  cinnamon. 

Length  of  forewing  :  2r5  mm.     Expanse  :  49  mm. 

Habitat.  Mount  Goliath,  Central  Dutch  New  Giinea,  5,000-7,000  ft., 
February  1911  (A.  S.  Meek),  1  <J. 

57o.  Cascera  iiTorata  paUida  subsp.  nov. 

(J.  Differs  from  i.  irrorata  in  the  forewings  beuig  paler  and  more  washed 
with  olive  and  the  white  and  pinkish  white  mar  knag  much  extended. 

Habitat.  Nmay  Valley,  Central  Arfak  Mountains,  Dutch  New  Guinea, 
3,500  ft.,  November  1908— January  1909  (A.  E.  Pratt),  1  3. 

58.  Cascera  perscripta  spec.  nov. 

cJ  ?.  Antennae  brown  ;  head  brownish  buff  ;  tegulae  brownish  orange-buff, 
rest  of  thorax  deep  chniamon-brown  mixed  with  cream-white ;  abdomen 
cinnamon. 

Forewii.g  velvety  olive-green  scribbled  all  over  with  pale  buff  lines  and 
streaks,  those  in  centre  of  disc  tinged  with  bright  pink. Hindwing  cuniamon. 

Length  of  forewing  :  S  23  mm.,  ?  25  mm.     Expanse  :    cJ  51  mm.,  $  56  mm. 

Habitat.  Mount  Goliath,  Central  Dutch  New  Guinea,  5,000-7,000  ft., 
February  1911  (A.  S.  Meek),  2  cJcJ,  6  $?. 

59.  Cascera  variegata  spec.  nov. 

(J.  Antennae  brown,  basal  three  segments  white  ;  head  cream-white  ; 
tegulae  amber-yellow  mixed  with  buff,  rest  of  thorax  amber-brown  mixed  with 
white  and  olive-green  ;  abdomen  cinnamon. 

Forewing  golden  olive-bronze,   banded,  spotted,   and  streaked  with   buff, 

white,  and  pink,  a  postdiscal  cloud-band  of  bronzy  green. Hindwings  dark 

cinnamon. 

?.  Larger  and  darker. 

Length  of  forewing  :    cJ  22  mm.,  ?  26  mm.     Expanse  :    (J  49  mm.,  $  57  mm. 

Habitat.  Nmay  Valley,  Central  Arfak  Mountains,  Dutch  New  Guinea, 
3.500  ft.,  November  1908— January  1909  (A.  E.  Pratt),  3  <J<J,  3  ??. 


NOVTTATES    ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV.     1917.  249 

60.  Malocampa  bucephaloides  spec.  nov. 

cj.  At  fiist  .sight  this  and  the  next  species  resemble  the  genus  Phalera. 
Antennae  very  large  and  long,  heavily  pectinated  on  basal  three-fourths,  bright 
amber-brown  ;  head  rusty  chestnut  ;  thorax  purple-chocolate,  hinder  half 
densely  sprinkled  with  white,  giving  it  a  roan  colour  ;  abdomen  cinnamon 
rufous. 

Forewing  rusty  chocolate-brown  ;  base  dark  grey  edged  with  white,  a 
broad  central  band  7  mm.  wide  of  greyish  mauve  irrorated  with  black  scales, 
this  band  is  Ul  defined  on  the  basal  side,  spreading  far  towards  base  below  median, 
on  the  distad  side  it  is  sharply  defined  bj-  a  concave  transverse  triple  line  first 
black,  then  white,  then  rufous  orange,  the  black  portion  of  this  line  is  sharply 
angled  inwards  ;    the  outer  two-fifths  of  the  wing  are  rufous  chocolate  fading 

into  greyish  cloudy  mauve  ;  fruige  rufous  and  grey. Hindwmg  cinnamon  rufous 

tinged  with  brown,  an  angled  rufous-cream  postmedian  band  ;  fringe  rufous  white. 

Length  of  forewing  :  35  mm.     Expanse  :    78  mm. 

Habitat.  St.  Jean  de  Maroni,  French  Guiana,   1  <J. 

61.  Malocampa  phaleroides  spec.  nov. 

cJ.  Verj'  closely  allied  to  the  last  species.  Antennae  brownish  amber-yellow  ; 
head  rusty  chestnut  ;  thorax  purple-chocolate,  hinder  edges  and  hind  edge  of 
patagia  with  the  hairs  tipped  with  dirty  white  ;    abdomen  rusty  cinnamon. 

Forewing  bro^vnish  cinnamon-chocolate  washed  with  yellowish  grey  ;  a 
double  discocellular  stigma ;  base  of  wing  obliquely  violet-chocolate ;  a  sub- 
basal  white  band  starting  from  vein  1  runs  obliquely  to  costa  and  along  latter 
except  outer  one-third,  and  spreads  to  subcostal  vein,  and  slightly  beyond  it ; 
a  postdiscal  double  lunate  crenulate  mauve  and  brown  shadow-line,  and  a  sub- 
terminal   line   of  mauve  and   brown   spots  ;  fringe   rusty  rufous.- Hindwing 

cinnamon  rufous  with  darker  median  line  edged  outwardly  with  rusty  white 
ending  in  a  chocolate  and  white  tornal  patch ;  frmge  rusty  rufous. 

Length  of  forewing  :    35  mm.     Expanse  :    79  mm. 

Habitat.  La  Oroya,  Rio  Inambaii,  Peru,  3,100  ft.,  September  1904  (G. 
Ockenden),  2  3S. 

62.  Rhuda  opalistriga  spec.  nov. 

(J  ?.  Similar  to  difficilis  Schaus,  but  smaller,  and  the  baso-subbasal  streak 
prolonged  in  a  band  along  four-fifths  of  vein  1,  and  consisting  of  an  opalescent 
blue  band  with  a  white  central  line  ;  above  this  band  the  brown  colour  runs  in 
a  perfectly  straight  oblique  band  below  the  pale  pmk  fascia  and  ends  on  vein  2 
one-sixth  from  termen  in  a  round  black  spot. 

Length  of  forewing.  Expanse. 

difficilis,  S  31  mm.,  §  37  mm.  .  .  .         cJ  70  mm.,  ?  83  mm. 

opalistriga,  <S  25  mm.,  $  29  mm.       .  .  .         <?  56  mm.,  S  64  mm. 

Habitat.  Amazons,  1  ? ;  Fonte  Boa,  Upper  Amazons,  May  1906  (S.  M. 
Klages),  1  iJ  type. 


250  NOVITATES    ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV.     1917. 

63.  Rhuda  posttriangulum  spec.  nov. 

(J.  Differs  from  iuisa  Schaus  in  the  forewiiig  being  narrower  and  more 
pointed,  and  in  the  baso-subbasal  bluish  white  oblique  band  being  prolonged 
farther  along  vein  1.  On  the  hindwing  in  the  absence  of  the  terminal  brown 
band,  in  having  an  indistinct  or  rather  ill-defined  dirty  brown  bar  running  up 
from  tornus  to  almost  base  of  wing,  and  in  the  termen  being  deeply  concave  not 
convex,  and  the  apex  and  tornus  are  produced  to  long  blunt  points,  making 
the  wing  absolutely  triangular  instead  of  rounded.  The  hindwing  is  yellow 
suffused  with  dirty  brownish  grej'. 

Length  of  forewing  :    31  mm.     Expanse  :    69  mm. 

Habitat.  Potaro,  British  Guiana,  May  1908  (S.  M.  Klages),  3  <?<?  type  ; 
Omai,  British  Guiana,  June  1908  (S.  M.  Klages),  1   S. 

64.  Hoplitis  cimiamomea  spec.  nov. 

(J  ?.  Close  to  strigata  Moore.  Antennae  deep  rufous  ;  head  brown  ;  thorax 
grey,  slightly  mixed  with  brown  hairs  ;    abdomen  rufous  cinnamon. 

Forewing  rufous  cinnamon  ;  costa  and  a  concave  band  from  apex  curving 
round  to  middle  of  costa  deep  rufous ;  within  this  line  and  just  behind  it  three 
pale  grey  patches ;  a  slate-grej'  cloudj'  patch  in  centre  of  disc ;  termen  and 
inner  margin  from  vein  4  to  middle  of  inner  margin  including  vein  1  broadly 

slate-grey  ;  a  large  deep  rufous  patch  above  tornus. Hindwing  semihyaline 

white,  a  blackish  patch  at  tornus. 

Length  of  forewmg  :     33  mm.     Expanse  :     75  mm. 

Habitat.  Ninay  Valley,  Central  Arfak  Mountains,  Dvitch  New  Gumea, 
3,500  ft.,  November  1908— January  1909  (A.  E.  Pratt),  3  63,   1  ?  (<J  type). 

65.  Hoplitis  insignifica  spec.  nov. 

$.  Antennae  rufous  brown,  shaft  grey  ;  head  and  thorax  dirty  brownish 
mouse-grey,  a  dark  streak  in  centre  of  thorax  and  on  patagia  ;  abdomen  dirty 
brown-grey. 

Forewing  mouse-grey  with  dark  grey  streaks  on  costa  ;  ante-  and  post- 
median  dark  grey  lines. Hindwing  dirty  white,  passing  into  grey-browni  along 

costa,  apex,  and  termen  ;    an  ash-grey  and  dark  patch  at  tornus. 

Length  of  forewing  :    34  mm.     Expanse  :    74  mm. 

Habitat.  Dammer  Island,  November  1898  (H.  Kiihn).  2  $?. 

66.  Hoplitis  dasychiroides  spec.  nov. 

?.  Antennae  shaft  crimson,  pectinations  black  ;  head  and  thorax  mouse- 
grey  ;  abdomen  greyish  white,  a  root  patch  on  first  segment. 

Forewing  mouse-grey  ;  three  or  four  black-brown  lines  run  from  costa 
across  cell  to  median  nervure  and  some  oblique  dark  grey  bands  one-third  from 
apex  on  costo-subcostal  area  ;    a  postdiscal  curved  and  slightly  sinuous  black 

line  and  a  shadowy  darker  grey  subterminal  bai:d. Hindwing  semihyaline 

white,  outer  one-third  slate-grey.     Second  specimen  forewing  more  brownish. 

Length  of  forewing  :  31  mm.     Expanse  :  68  mm. 

Habitat.    Isumeb,  IS.  W.  African  Protectorate. 


NOVITATES    ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV.     1917.  251 


67.  Hoplitis  curvatula  spec.  nov. 

(J.  Very  curiously  curved  and  narrow  forewings.  Antennae  black ;  frons 
orange-buff,  vertex  dark  brown-grey  ;  thorax  greyish  olive  mixed  with  dirty 
buff,  tegulae  edged  with  black  ;  some  black  on  thorax  ;  abdomen  sooty  brown 
ringed  with  dirty  white,  anal  tuft  orange. 

Forewing  costa  ver}-  strongly  convex  and  outer  one-third  strongly  curved 
downwards  ;  termen  from  apex  abruptly  truncated  and  excised  at  tornus,  giving 
the  narrow  wing  a  unique  appearance  ;  olive-brown  washed  and  splashed  with 
patches  of  deep  moss-green  ;  in  cell  running  from  costa  is  a  truncated  black  x, 
and  on  outer  one-third  of  costo-subcostal  area  are  black  bands  and  spots,  and  a 

large  black  mark  above  tornus. Hindwii:gs  :  basal  two-thirds  white  ;  long  hair 

on  abdominal  area  buff  ;  outer  one-third  black-brown  ;  some  black  streaks  above 
tornus. 

Length  of  forewing  :  42  mm.     Expanse :  93  mm. 

Habitat.  Kasai  River,  Congo  Region. 


68.  Chadisra  albobnmnea  spec.  i:ov. 

?.  Antennae  brown,  basal  five  joints  cream-colour  ;  head  buff,  palpi  brown  ; 
tegulae  buff,  patagia  chocolate,  rest  of  thorax  yellowish  grey  ;  abdomen  greyish 
cinnamon. 

Forewing  :  basal  half  obliquely  chocolate-brown  ;  costal  area,  some  marks 
above  vein  1  and  in  cell  amber-brown  ;  outer  half  whitish  grey  suffust  d  with 
very  pale  olive  ;  a  similar  coloured  patch  runs  up  from  the  inner  margin  into 
the  basal  half  of  wing,  and  a  deep  brown  jjatch  runs  into  the  wing  from  costa 
near  apex. Hindwing  dirty  wood-browr.  a  dark  spot  above  tornus. 

(J.  Similar,  but  duller  and  ]5aler  ;  the  two  halves  of  forewing  less  distinctly 
different  in  colour  and  hindwing  pale  whitish  grey. 

Length  of  forewing  :    (J  25  mm.,  ?  30  mm.     Expanse  :    c?  56  mm.,  2  67  mm. 

Habitat.  Khasia   Hills,  A.-sam,  December   1895  (Nat.   coll.),    1    cj,    3    $$  ($ 

type). 


69.  Chadisra  meeki  spec.  nov. 

(J.  Antemiae  dark  brown  ;  head  and  thorax  dark  coffee-brown  mixed  with 
cinnamon-buff  hairs ;  abdomen  bright  cinnamon,  anal  segment  with  black 
hair-lines. 

Forewing  :  basal  two-fifths  dark  brown,  edge  of  inner  margin  and  a  patch 
near  base  of  costa  brownish  buff,  this  dark  brown  area  deeply  incised  between 
veins  1  and  2  ;  outer  three-fifths  of  wing  dull  isabel-buff  clouded  and  streaked 
with  yellowish  olive  and  blackish  brown  ;  a  black  brown  patch  on  and  under 
costa  just  before  apex. Hindwing  :  basal  two-thirds  dirtj'  buff ;  outer  one- 
third  brownish  cimiamon,  a  brown  streak  above  tornus. 

Length  of  forewing  :  29  mm.     Expanse  :  66  mm. 

Habitat.  Mount  Goliath,  Central  Dutch  New  Guinea,  5,000-7,000  ft.,  January 
1911  (A.  S.  Meek),  3  cJ(J. 


252  NOVITATES    ZOOLOOICAE    XXIV.     1917. 

70.  Chadisra  striata  striata  spec.  nov. 

(J.  Antennae  brown  ;  head  buff  mixed  with  black  hairs  ;  tegulae  buff 
mixed  with  black  hairs,  rest  of  thorax  black  mixed  with  brownish  hairs ; 
abdomen  brownish  buff. 

Forewing  greyish  cinnamon  with  broad  black  band  like  longitudinal  streaks 
from  base  to  termen,  and  a  number  of  blackish  vertical  striations  ;    a  median 

sinuous   and    strongly   angled    black    line. Hindwing    buff,    margins    pale 

cinnamon,  a  dark  brown  spot  above  tornus. 

?.  Larger. 

Length  of  forewing  :   (J  22  mm.,  ?  25  mm.     Expan.se :    cJ  50  mm.,  $  56  mm. 

Habitat.  Kumusi  River,  North-east  British  New  Guinea,  low  elevation, 
August  1907  (A.  S.  Meek),  1  <?,  1  $  (cj  type)  ;  Upper  Area  River,  British  New 
Guinea,  April  1903  (A.  S.  Meek),  1  <J. 

71.  Chadisra  striata  divisa  subsp.  nov. 

?.  Differs  fi'om  S.  striata  in  the  basal  half  obliquely  being  strongly  suffused 
with  brown,  thus  dividing  the  wing  into  two  parts. 

Habitat.  Goodenough  Island,  2.500-4,000  ft..  May  1913  (A.  S.  Meek),  2  ??. 

72.  Chadisra  plagosa  spec.  nov. 

(J.  Antennae  brownish  buff  ;  head,  thorax,  and  abdomen  huffish  wood- 
brown. 

Forewing  huffish  cinnamon  with  a  number  of  indistinct  zigzag  brownish 
lines  ;  a  pale  greenish  subbasal  patch  under  costa,  basal  one-fourth  of  wing 
paler,  more  huffish  ;  a  large  black-brown  sharply  angled  band  runs  from  median 
to  tornus  and  from  median  to  near  base  of  inner  margin  ;  all  below  this  band 
brownish  slate-grey  ;  a  large  subapical  patch  pale  lavender-grey  tinged  with 
green. Hind  wings  wood -brown  ;  fringe,  base,  and  median  shadow  huffish. 

Length  of  forewing:  21  mm.     Expanse:  -17  mm. 

Habitat.  Warri,  Niger,  April   1897  (Dr.  Roth),   1    <J. 

73.  Tarsolepis  rufobrunnea  spec.  nov. 

(J.  Antennae  deep  brown,  pectinations  short ;  head  and  thorax  vinaceous 
chocolate  ;    abdomen  deep  brown,  no  crimson  tuft  on  underside. 

Forewing  deep  rufous  chocolate  ;  basal  two-thu'ds  of  costal  area  entirely 
suffused  with  pale  mauve  and  freckled  ;  silver  patches  as  in  sommeri,  but  much 
larger  ;  submarginal  area  washed  strongly  with  vinaceous  and  with  four  lines, 

inner  one  orange-buff,  outer  three  various  shades  of  brown. Hindwings  paler 

chocolate. 

Length  of  forewing  :  37-49  mm.     Expanse :   83-109  mm. 

Habitat.  Travancore  (Place),  1  S  type;  Khasia  Hills,  Assam  (Nat.  coll.), 
1  3. 

74.  Tarsolepis  sericeus  spec.  nov. 

$.  Antennae  dark  rufous  brown  ;  head  and  thorax  deep  rufous  chocolate  ; 
abdomen  sooty  blackish  grey,  anal  segment  buft'  with  dark  brown  streaks  and 
two  large  fan-shaped  and  pointed  buff  tufts. 

Forewing  vinaceous  chocolate  streaked  and  clouded  with  cinnamon  so  ;vs 


NOVTTATES    ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV.     1917.  253 

to  resemble  watered  silk  ;  termen  deeply  serrated  with  pale  median  streak 
to  each  tooth  ;  a  yellow  quadrate  spot  under  middle  of  vein  4. — - — Hindwing 
golden  bufi  suffused  with  brown-grey. 

Length  of  forewing  :  34  mm.     Expanse:  77  mm. 

Habitat.  Java. 

75.  Phalera  postaurantia  spec  nov. 

(J.  Antennae  black,  pectinations  very  long  ;  head  and  thorax  rufous  and 
buff  mixed,  patagia  and  patch  at  back  of  thorax  grey  tipped  with  white  ;  abdo- 
men orange  ringed  indistinctly  with  brownish  orange. 

Forewing  vmaceous  wood-brown  suffused  with  grey  and  white,  becoming 
whiter  towards  inner  margm  ;  a  double  antemedian  line,  inner  less  pronounced 
rusty  brown,  outer  black  ;  a  postdiscal  double  line  of  coalescent  lunules,  inner 
black,  outer  dark  rufous  ;   an  apical  olive-buff  patch  below  which  is  an  irregular 

heavy   black  angled  line. Hindwings  golden  orange ;   edge  of  termen  and 

nervures  black. 

Length  of  forewing  :  27  mm.     Expanse  :  60  mm. 

Habitat.  Itumba,  German  East  Africa  (Dr.  Baxter),  1  <J  type  ;  Mpuapua, 
German  East  Africa  (Dr.  Baxter),  1  <?. 

76.  Phalera  elongata  spec.  nov. 

(J  ?.  This  species  is  distinct  from  all  others  by  its  long  and  narrow  wings 
and  long  silken  hair  on  the  body. 

Antennae  rusty  rvifous,  pectinated  in  both  sexes,  shorter  in  $  ;  head  and 
thorax  golden  buff,  margins  of  tegulae  and  two  median  transverse  lines  deep 
rufous,  hind  part  of  thorax  clothed  with  long  silky  sooty  brown  hairs,  patagia 
white  edged  with  grey  ;  abdomen  clothed  with  long  silky  hair,  basal  segment 
sooty  brown,  anal  segment  and  tuft  buff  washed  with  dirty  grey  ;  rest  of  abdomen 
orange. 

Forewing  brown-grey  washed  with  pink  ;  base  white,  a  subbasal  black- 
brown  Ime,  followed  by  seven  indefuiite  darker  grey  crenulate  and  sinuate 
Imes  ;  ajiical  one-fourth  to  veui  3  buff  with  darker  buff  clouding,  bordered  inwardly 
by  a  bright  rufous  and  brown  double  concave  band,  black  streaks  in  buff  on 
veins  3  and  4. Hindwings  sericeous  bronzy  grey-brown. 

Length  of  forewing  :  <^  28-30  mm.,  $  33  mm.  Expanse  :  <?  62-66  mm., 
?  75  mm. 

Habitat.  Khasia  Hills,  Assam,  February  1896  (Nat.  coll).,  2  JcJ,  1  $  (<J 
type). 

77.  Phalera  inexpectata  spec.  nov. 

(J.  Antennae  black  ;  head  cream-white  ;  thorax  white  ;  tegulae,  a  median 
convex  band  and  three  spots  behind  dirty  black-brown,  tegulae  being  palest  ; 
abdomen  white  washed  with  brownish  and  with  broad  brown  rings  on  each 
segment,  anal  tuft  brownish  white. 

Forewing  vinaceous  brown  on  outer  one-third  freckled  with  white  scales,  basal 
two-thirds  cream-white  freckled  densely  with  vmaceous  scales  thickest  on  basal 
one-third  and  least  in  cell  and  round  discocellulars  ;  base  white  with  black  dot  ; 
this  freckling  gives  the  forewing  a  roan  appearance  ;   an  antemedian  deep  purple 


254  XOVITATES    ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV.     1917. 

line  angled  in  cell,  joined  to  which  outwardlj-  is  a  similarly  coloured  wedge- 
shaped  patch  on  median  ;  a  similarly  coloured  wedge  spot  beyond  middle  of 
costa  and  a  .small  spot  below  it  on  inner  margin. Hindwing  white,  outer  one- 
fourth  browii-grey. 

Length  of  forewuig  :    34-39  mm.     Expanse  :    76-88  mm. 

Habitat.  Ilesha,  South  Nigeria  (Captain  Humishrey),  2  <J(J. 

78.  Rifargia  cossoides  spec.  nov. 

S.  Antennae:  shaft  dark  brown,  pectinations  short,  amber-brown  ;  head  and 
thorax  deep  chocolate-brown,  hind  part  of  thorax  pale  greenish  grey,  edge  of 
tegulae  dark  rufous  ;  abdomen  rufous  cinnamon-chocolate,  anal  segment  above 
greenish  grey,  anal  tuft  mixed  greenish  grey  and  rufous. 

Forewing  :  basal  one-third  above  median  fold  deep  chocolate-brown  with  some 
dark  rufous  marks,  a  deep  chocolate-brown  apical  patch  tinged  with  rufous, 
rest  of  wing  greenish  grey  washed  with  brownish  with  a  number  of  more  or  less 
obsolete  double  brownish  sinuate  bands,  a  black  crenulate-angulate  sub- 
terminal  haii-line.^ Hindwing  deep  brownish  chocolate,  a  median  paler  in- 
definite band,  and  a  grey  and  black  tornal  patch.  $  similar  but  paler,  and 
light  part  of  forewing  whitish  grey  with  no  greenish  tinge. 

Length  of  forewing  :    32-38  mm.     Expanse  :    72-87  mm. 

Habitat  Fonte  Boa,  Upper  Amazons,  May  1906  (S.  M.  Klages),  5  ,S3 
type  ;  Santo  Antonio  do  Javary,  Upper  Amazons,  ^lay  1907  (S.  M.  Klages), 
1  (?  ;  Aroewarwa  Creek,  Maroewym  Valley,  Surinam,  April  1905  (S.  M.  Klages), 
1  (J  ;    Christianeburg,  Rio  Demerara,  British  Guiana,  1  5. 

79.  Rifargia  terebroides  spec.  nov. 

cJ.  This  insect  looks  exactlj'  like  a  melanistic  Cossus  terehra. 

Antennae  serrate,  shaft  black,  serrations  amber-brown  ;  head  and  thorax 
sooty  brown,  two  transverse  black  lines  on  the  tegulae  ;  abdomen  brownish 
cinnamon-chocolate,  first  two  segments  suffused  with  sooty  brown. 

Forewing  olivaceous  cinnamon  suffused,  clouded,  and  patched  with  sooty 
brown,  greyish  moss-green,  and  dark  grey,  giving  the  wing  at  fii'st  sight  a  mummy- 
brown  appearance ;  subbasal  and  antemedian  somewhat  obliterated  double 
crenulate  black  lines,  a  greenish  brown  oval  stigma,  two  double  postmedian 
bands,  the  first  sooty  brown,  sinuate,  reaching  inner  margin  where  it  meets  a 
white  spot,  the  second  black,  convexly  curved,  only  reaching  vein  3,  two  subapical 

black   streaks   and   a  black  crenulate  subterminal  hair-line. Hindwing    dull 

brownish  chocolate. 

Length  of  forewing  :    31  mm.     Expanse  :    70  mm. 

Habitat.  Potaro,  British  Guiana,  Jlay  1908  (S.  M.  Klages),  3  SS  type  ; 
Tumatumari,  British  Guiana,  January  1908  (S.  M.  Klages),  1  S  ',  British  Guiana 
bought  at  Georgetown  (Rev.  M.  \Vhitford),  1  S ;  Aroewarwa  Creek,  Maroewym 
Valley,  Surinam,  March— April  1905  (S.  M.  Klages),  2  <?<?;  Fonte  Boa,  Upper 
Amazons,  October  1906  (S.  M.  Klages),  2  ^S. 

80.  Rifargia  biplaga  spec.  nov. 

(J.  Antennae  dark  rufous  brown  ;  head  and  thorax  black-brown,  out  half 
of  tegulae  rufous  brown  ;   abdomen  brownish  cinnamon. 


NOVITATES    ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV.     191".  255 

Forewing  black-brown  slightly  variegated  with  paler  brown  and  olive  ;  basal 
one-thii-d  to  vein  1  deeper  black-brown,  a  basal  dull  cinnamon  patch  below 
vein  1,  a  long  black  apical  streak  and  two  large  lavender-grey  patches  on  vein  1, 

reaching  inner  margin  below  it  and  halfway  to  vein  2  above  it. Hmdwing 

dirty  cinnamon  wood-brown  with  traces  cf  paler  central  cloud-band. 

Length  of  fore'sring  :    32  mm.     Expanse  :    72  mm. 

Habitat.  Tinguri,  Carabaya,  South-east  Peru,  3,400  ft.,  August  1904  (G. 
Ockenden),  4  cJo  type;  La  Oroya,  Carabaya,  3,100  ft.,  September  1905  (G. 
Ockenden),  1  o. 

81.  Rifargia  basiplaga  spec.  nov. 

S  ?.  Antennae  sooty  black  ;  head  and  thorax  chestnut-brown ,  tegulae  and 
patagia  mixed  with  brownish  buff  ;    abdomen  sooty  brown. 

Forewing  :  basal  one-thhd  cinnamon,  rusty  brown  to  vein  1,  edged  and  rayed 
with  rufous  chocolate,  outer  two-thirds  of  wing  and  all  below  vein  1  dark  dull 
brown  ;  above  vein  3  on  outer  two-thirds  of  forewing  densely  suffused  and 
sprmkled  with  whitish  grey,  a  po^tmedian  suiuous  rufous  hah-line  and  black 

termmal  hair-lme. Hindwing  sooty  black-brown,  base  suff"used  slightly  with 

cinnamon. 

Length  of  forewing  :  cj  23-26  mm.,  $  28  mm.  Expanse  :  <J  51-59  mm., 
$  63  mm. 

Habitat.  St.  Jean  de  Maroni,  French  Guiana,  2  $S  type  ;  Potaro,  British 
Guiana,  April — May  1906  (S.  M.  Klages),  2  oo  ;  Rio  Demerara,  British  Guiana, 
2  ??  ;  Fonte  Boa,  Upper  Amazons,  May — October  1906  (S.  M.  Klages),  5  SS. 

82.  RiJargia  steinbachi  spec.  nov. 

(J.  This  and  the  following  species  are  distinguished  by  their  long,  narrow, 
and  pointed  wings. 

Antennae  amber-brown ;  head  cinnamon-brown ;  thorax  greenish  grey ; 
abdomen  rufous  cinnamon. 

Forewing  rusty  cinnamon  above  median  fold,  shaded  and  clouded  with 
mossy  olive-grey  and  green  ;  outer  one-fifth  of  wing  and  all  below  median  fold 
dark  olive  mouse-grey  ;  a  Ijand  from  base  along  basal  one-thiid  of  median  fold 
and  a  broad  ill-defined  zigzag  cloud-like  band  from  one-fifth  before  apex  obliquely 

to  below  middle  of  median  fold  rusty  brown-black. Hindwing  white  washed 

with  brown  on  termen  and  abdominal  area.  The  Fonte  Boa  3  is  much  more 
rufous  on  forewing,  but  is  much  rubbed. 

Length  of  forewing  :  26  mm.     Expanse  :  59  mm. 

Habitat.  Buenavista,  East  Bolivia,  2,438  ft.,  August  1906— April  1907 
(J.  Steinbach),  1  S  type;  Fonte  Boa,  Upper  Amazons,  May  1906  (S.  M. 
Klages),  1  (J. 

83.  Rifargia  muscosa  spec.  nov. 

cj.  Antennae  dark  brown,  serrations  amber-yellow  ;  head  chestnut  rufous ; 
tegulae  chestnut  rufous  edged  with  soot-brown  black,  rest  of  thorax  soot- 
brown  black  mixed  with  green-grey ;  abdomen  first  two  segments  chestnut 
rufous,  sides  golden  orange,  rest  of  abdomen  and  anal  tuft  sooty  black  with  a  few 
scattered  yellow  hairs,  lateral  line  except  on  last  two  segments  golden  orange. 


256  NoriTATES    ZOOLOOICAE    XXIV.     1917. 

Forewing  mossy  grey-green  densely  mottled  with  black  and  tinged  in  centre 
with  pale  cinnamon  rose  ;  an  antemedian  double  black  line  and  two  or  indistinct 
postmedian  crenulated  ones,  a  crenulated  marginal  black  line  ;   an  orange  basal 

tuft  below  vein   1. Hindwing  :   centre  grey;  veins  and  portion  dull  brown; 

base  and  abdominal  one-fourth  golden  orange  on  which  is  a  dark  brown  smear. 

Length  of  forewing  :  25  mm.     Expanse  :  57  mm. 

Habitat.  Aroewarwa  Creek,  Maroewym  Valley,  Surinam,  April  1905  (S.  M. 
Klages),  1  (?. 

84.  Rifargia  intermedia  spec.  nov. 

S.  Is  intermediate  between  picta  Schaus  and  merita  Schaus,  having  the 
continuous  median  longitudinal  bard  of  merita  and  pale  band  above  vein  1  of 
ficta,  but  differs  from  both  in  its  golden  buff  coloration. 

Antennae  brown  ;  head  and  thorax  orange  rufous,  patagia  dirty  greenish 
mouse-grey ;  abdomen  yellowish  cinnamon. 

Forewing  vinaceous  cinnamon,  median  band  from  base  of  costa  to  middle 
of  termen  brownish  buff  washed  with  pink  ;  the  band  above  vein  1  buff  washed 

on  outer  half  with  grey. Hindwing  golden  buff  slightly  suffused  with  brown 

on  margin.     ?  larger,  darker;  hindwing  suffused  with  brown. 

Length  of  forewing  :    S  24  mm.,  ?  29  mm.     Expanse  :   S  54  mm.,  ?  64  mm. 

Habitat.  San  Esteban,  Venezuela,  June  1909  (S.  M.  Klages),  5  <J<J,  1  $. 

85.  Anita  gigas  spec.  nov. 

S.  Antennae  black-brown  ;  head  and  thorax  slate-grey  variegated  with 
white  ;   abdomen  slate-grey. 

Forewing  slate-grey  ;  costal  area  and  subbasal  one-fifth  white  streaked  with 
grey  ;  rest  of  wing  with  lines  of  darker  grey  barely  showing  up  from  ground- 
colour ;   a  subterminal  zigzag  black  line. Hindwing  brownish  slate-grey. 

Length  of  forewing  ;  33  mm.     Expanse :  73  mm. 

Habitat.  Fonte  Boa,  Upper  Amazons,  May  1906  (S.  M.  Klages),  2  So. 

86.  Cargetta  albostigmata  spec.  nov. 

(?.  Antennae:  shaft  cinnamon  grey,  pectinations  black;  head  and  thorax 
sooty  brown-black,  a  few  kregular  marks  more  rusty  ;  abdomen  sooty  grey- 
brown. 

Forewing  sooty  black-brown,  paler  towards  termen,  a  few  darker  lines  near 

base  apparently  of   raised   scales  ;   a  white   spot   at  end   of   cell. Hindwing 

grey -brown. 

Length  of  forewing  :  21  mm.     Expanse :  48  mm. 

Habitat.    Goodenough  Island,  2,500—4,000  ft.,  AprU  1913  (A.  S.  Meek),  1  <J. 

87.  Cargetta  flavibasis  spec.  nov. 

(J.  Anteimae  sooty  black  ;  head  and  palpi  sooty  black-brown  with  buff 
and  white  scales  ;  thorax  sooty  black-brown  ;  abdomen  dark  wood-brown. 

Forewing  sooty  black-brown,  with  some  fauit  traces  of  rusty  markings  ;  a 
black  dot  in  white  ring  below  middle  of  subcosta,  white  dots  along  outer  one- 


NOVITATES    ZOOLOOICAE    XXIV.     1917.  257 

third  of  costa  and  a  subterminal  line  of  similar  dots  and  a  few  one-fourth  from 
termen  ;  three  raised  dots  of  scales  in  centre  of  disc  and  some  patches  of  dark 

green  scales  along  upper  or  costal  portion  of  wing. Hindwing  :   basal  half 

huffish  yellow,  outer  half  sooty  brown-black. 

$.  Similar,  but  has  either  the  forewLng  with  patches  of  dark  green  scales  all 
over  and  a  rusty  patch  beyond  cell  or  entirely  dark  green  with  some  discal  sinuate 
brown-grey  lines. 

Length  of  forewing  :  cj  21-24  mm.,  ?  25-28  mm.  Expanse  :  3  47-53  mm., 
?  55-61  mm. 

Habitat.  Near  Oetakwa  River,  Snow  Mountains,  Dutch  New  Guinea,  up  to 
3,500  ft.,  October— December  1910  (A.  S.  Meek),  1  S  type;  Upper  Setekwa 
River,  Snow  Mountains,  2,000-3,000  ft.,  August  1910  (A.  S.  Meek),  2  $?  ;  Kumusi 
River,  North-east  New  Gumea,  low  elevation.  May  1907  (A.  S.  Meek),  1  <?. 


88.  Cargetta  bipuncta  spec.  nov. 

cJ  ?.  Antennae  brown  ;  head  olive ;  thorax  olive-grey  on  greyish  olive  ; 
abdomen  pale  cinnamon-brown. 

Forewing  pale  olive-green,  subbasal,  antemedian,  and  postmedian  crenulate 
smuous    rusty  cmnamon  bands  edged  with  brown  ;    a  subterminal    crenulate 

brown  line ;  two  white  spots  one  above  the  other  at  end  of  cell. Hindwing 

cinnamon  grey-brown. 

Length  of  forewuig  :  c?  22  mm.,  $  26  mm.     Expanse :    cJ  49  mm.,  $  58  mm. 

Habitat.  Biagi,  Mambare  River,  North-east  British  New  Guinea,  5,000  ft., 
February  1906  (A.  S.  Meek),  1  <J,  1  $  (?  type). 


89.  Tumaca  mediofascia  spec.  nov. 

?.  Antennae  brown ;  head  and  thorax  vinaceous  pink  suffused  with  cinna- 
mon-grey ;    abdomen  chocolate-cinnamon. 

Forewing  :  costal  half  vinaceous  pink  suffused  with  grey  and  freckled  with 
rufous  ;  lower  half  dark  chocolate-cinnamon  freckled  with  grey  ;  a  slightly 
sinuous  rufous  band  from  base  of  cell  to  termen. Hindwing  chocolate- 
cinnamon. 

Length  of  forewing  :  28  mm.     Expanse :  62  mm. 

Habitat.  Khasia  Hills,  Assam,  AprU  1896  (Nat.  coll.),  2  ??. 


90.  Turnaca  phragmatoecioides  spec.  nov. 

(J.  Antennae  brown,  pectinations  rufous  ;  head  and  thorax  bufi&sh  brown 
mixed  with  cream  hairs  ;  abdomen  greyish  brown-bufif. 

Forewing  pale  huffish  phiky  grey  suffused  with  darker  grey  below  median  ; 
three  oblique  brown  streak-like  spots  on  costa,  a  few  scattered  shadowy  spots 
on  disc,  and  a  postmedian  curved  line  of  intraneural  black  streaks. Hind- 
wings  white ;  base  and  abdommal  area  buff. 

Length  of  forewing  :  22  mm.     Expanse :  49  mm. 

Habitat.  Luebo,  Kasai  River  (P.  Landbeck),  1  (J. 

17 


258  NOVITATES    ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV.     1917. 

91.  Tumaca  lanuginosa  spec.  nov. 

(J.  Very  woolly ;  anal  tuft  large.  Antennae  brown,  shaft  whitish ;  head 
and  thorax  huffish  grey  washed  with  cinnamon ;  abdomen  pinkish  cinnamon, 
anal  tuft  whitish. 

Forewing  pale  pinkish  cinnamon  washed  with  grey  with  a  number  of  cloud- 
marks  and  freckled  with  rufous  cinnamon  ;  a  postdiscal  lino  of  indLstmct  darker 
dots. Hmdwing  rufous  cinnamon. 

Length  of  forewing  :   21-22  mm.     Expanse  :   47-50  mm. 

Habitat.  Luebo,  Kasai  River  (P.  Landbeck),  1  ,S  type  ;  Akassa  to  Onitsha, 
River  Niger  (Dr.  Cook),   1   <J. 

I 

92.  Tumaca  nigripuncta  spec.  nov. 

<J.  Antennae  rufous  brown  ;  head  and  thorax  grizzled  isabel-grey  ;  abdomen 
isabel-grey,  anal  tuft  grizzled. 

Forewmg  greyish  Isabel ;  costa  and  disc  with  numerous  black-brown  dots, 
a  black  line  from  "base  to  termen  along  median  fold,  two  curved  postdiscal  lines 
of  black-brown  dots. Hindwing  white. 

Length  of  forewing  :    17-21  mm.     Expanse  :  38-48  mm. 

Habitat.  Takwa,  Gold  Coast  (R.  E.  James),  3   c?(J, 

93.  Baradesa  omissa  spec.  nov. 

(J  ?.  Very  similar  to  lithosioides  Moore,  but  smaller  and  duller ;  has  hitherto 
been  confused  with  lithosioides. 

Differs  in  being  duller  above  ;  on  forewmg  the  discal  black  dots  except  a 
single  postmedian  line  are  absent,  stigma  more  clLstinct ;  hindwing  has  brown 
outer  portion  much  narrower ;  the  dark  apex  of  abdomen  does  not  reach  so 
far  up  the  abdomen.     Below  the  nervures  are  dark  not  yellow. 

Length  of  Forewing.  Expanse. 

lithosioides,  S  44-49  mm.,  $  53  mm.        .  .      S  97-107  mm.,  $  115  mm. 

omissa,  S  38-41  mm.,  ?  45  mm.     .  .  .      S  84-90  mm.,  ?  98  mm. 

Habitat.  Khasia  Hills,  Assam  (Nat.  coll.),  7  ,J(J,  1  ?  (type  S) ;  Mount 
Tahan,  Malay  Peninsula  (J.  Waterstradt),  1  3  ;  Gunong  Ijau,  Malay  Penin- 
sula, 1  (J.  (Compared  with  11  JcJ,  3  9$of  lithosioides  from  Buxa  Bhutan,  Sikkim, 
and  Khasia  HUls.) 

94o.  Euhampsonia  niveiceps  occidentalis  subsp.  nov. 

(J.  Differs  from  n.  niveiceps  in  being  much  paler,  and  in  the  markings  on 
the  forewings  being  almost  obsolete. 

Habitat.  North-west  Himalayas;  Kumaon,  July  1893  (J.  G.  Pilcher),  1  i 
type;  Kulu,  1  J;  Dalhousie,  July  1891,  1  S- 

95.  Euhampsonia  magnifica  spec.  nov. 

$.  Antennae  very  large  and  heavily  pectinated,  amber-brown  ;  head  and 
thorax  scarlet,  a  sooty  patch  at  base  and  one  at  edge  of  tegulae,  hindermost 
part  of  thorax  deeper  red ;  abdomen  scarlet,  last  three  segments  vinaceous 
red-brown. 


NOVITATES    ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV.     1917.  259 

Forewing  :  basal  one-fifth  scarlet  with  basal  and  subbasal  zigzag  black  lines, 
the  latter  only  to  vein  1  ;  rest  of  wing,  basal  half  brick-red  somewhat  tinged 
with  brown  and  with  two  double  lunate  crenulate  purple-grey  cross-bands  and 
a  small  black  stigma,  outer  half  purplish  sooty  brown-grey  with  a  huffish  yellow 
space  between  veins  4  and  1  just  beyond  middle  of  wing,  1  indistinct  median 
dark  crenulate  line  and  2  postmedian  distinct  ones. Hindwings  bright  brick- 
red  washed  slightly  with  grey  on  outer  one-third. 

Length  of  forewing  :   62  mm.     Expanse  :   136  mm. 

Habitat.  Near  Oetakwa  River,  Snow  Mountains,  Dutch  New  Guinea, 
October— December   1910  (A.  S.  Meek),    1    ?. 

96.  Macronadata  brunnea  spec.  nov. 

(?.  Uniform  mummy-brown  ;  liindwings  paler  ;  antemedian  and  post- 
median  lines  dark  rufous  indistinct,  a  subterminal  line  of  streaks  chocolate 
rufous,  a  large  stigma. 

Length  of  forewing  :  22  mm.     Expanse  :  49  mm. 

Habitat.  Waya,  Lado  Enclave,  June  1912. 

97.  Omichlis  pseudolibatrix  spec.  nov. 

?.  Except  the  red  colouring,  this  species  has  a  general  appearance  of  Sco- 
liopteryx  libatrix. 

Antennae  brown ;  head  brownish  lavender-grey  ;  thorax  pale  wood-brown 
suffused  with  lavender-grey ;  abdomen  pale  sooty  brown. 

Forewings  wood-brown  tinged  with  yellow  ;  a  yellowish  grey  stigma,  on 
basal  half  some  indLstinct  buff  and  dark  subbasal  spots,  and  beyond  these  some 
incomplete  serrated  dark  sinuous  lines  from  costa  to  median  vein,  basal  two-fifths 
of  inner  margin  and  a  large  patch  joining  on  to  it  buff  strongly  freckled  with 
rufous  ;  on  outer  half  an  oblique  sooty  crenulate  line  followed  by  two  curved 

lines  of  sooty  coalescent  lunules  and  a  zigzag  whitish  subterminal  line. Hmd- 

wmg  sooty  grey-brown,  a  buff  and  rufous  patch  on  abdommal  fold  above  tornus. 

Length  of  forewing  :  24  mm.     Expanse  :  53  mm. 

Habitat.  Near  Oetakwa  River,  Snow  Mountains,  Dutch  New  Gumea,  up 
to  3,500  ft.,  October— December  1910  (A.  S.  Meek),  1  ?. 

98.  Omichlis  plusiotis  spec.  nov. 

(J  ?.  Antennae  brown  above,  white  below  ;  head  frons  dark  rufous,  vertex 
white ;  thorax  vinaceous  brown,  patagia  dark  rufous ;  abdomen  sooty  vinaceous 
brown. 

Forewing  vinaceous  yellowish  grey  freckled  with  dull  rufous  and  -nith 
some  indistinct  cloudy  streaks ;  a  subbasal  chocolate  patch  below  vein  1  fol- 
lowed by  a  sUver  line  from  median  fold  to  iimer  margin  consisting  of  two  joined 
silver  moons ;  an  oblique  median  dark  brown  band  between  which  and  the 
silver  line  is  a  rufous  mark,  a  curved  postmedian  dark  sooty  grey  Ime,  and  a 
crenulate  dark  rufous  subterminal  line. ^Hindwing  rufous  chocolate  grey- 
brown,  a  sUver  dot  above  tornus. 

Length  of  forewmg  :    <J  23  mm.,  ?  21  mm.     Expanse  :   S  52  mm.,  ?  47  mm. 

Habitat.  Near    Oetakwa  River,  Snow    Mountains,  Dutch    New  Guinea,  up 


260  NOVITATES   ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV.    1917. 

to  3,500  ft.,  October— December  1910  (A.  S.  Meek),  1  <J  type  ;  Upper  Setekwa 
River,  Snow  Mountains,  2,000-3,000  ft.,  September  1910  (A.  S.  Meek),  1  <?  ;  Ninay 
Valley,  Central  Arfak  Mountain.s,  Dutch  New  Guinea,  3,500  ft.,  November  1908— 
January   1909  (A.  E.  Pratt),    1   ?. 

99.  Omichlis  mediofasciata  spec.  nov. 

(J.  Antennae  brown,  shaft  pale  cuinamon  ;  head  mixed  pale  grey  and 
cinnamon  ;  thorax  brownish  cinnamon  washed  with  grey  ;  abdomen  cinnamon- 
brown. 

Forewmg  vinaceous  cinnamon  ;  stigma  pale  rufous,  two  antemedian  and 
one  postmedian  double  darker  lines,  between  the  stigma  and  the  postmedian 
double  line  is  a  sooty  smgle  line  from  below  subcostal  vein  to  inner  margin  ;  a 
heavy  chocolate  rufous  band  from  base  to  termen  at  vem  5  (angle)  along  median. 

Hind  wing  brownish  cinnamon,  some  irregular  rufous-brown  marks  above 

tornus. 

Length  of  forewing  :    22  mm.     Expanse  :     50  mm. 

Habitat.  Biagi,  Mambare  River,  North-east  New  Guinea,  5,000  ft.,  AprU 
1906  (A.  S.  Meek),  2  S3. 

100.  Pachychira  excellens  spec.  nov. 

(?.  Antennae  rufous  ;  head  vinaceous  mauve  ;  thorax  vinaceous  mauve 
passing  into  cream-bufi  behind  ;   abdomen  creamy  white  sufiused  with  mauve. 

Forewing  bright  heliotrope-mauve  with  strong  silvery  gloss  ;  a  buff  stigma, 
a  mauve  luae  from  base  along  median  to  vem  4  where  it  is  sharply  angled  upwards 
and  reaches  apex ;  below  this  line  are  a  number  of  cloudings  giving  a  watered 
silk  appearance  ;  a  subapical  duUer  more  sooty  mauve  patch  ;  there  is  a  large 
projecting  lappet  from  mner  margin. Hindwing  white. 

Length  of  forewing  :    32  mm.     Expanse  :    73  mm. 

Habitat.  Prestea,  70  miles  inland  from  Sekondi,  Gold  Coast. 

101.  Pachychira  olivaceoJusca  spec.  nov. 

5.  Antennae  brown  ;  head  and  thorax  olivaceous  mauve-brown  ;  abdomen 
wood-brown. 

Forewing  mauve-brown,  some  dark  olivaceous  bufi  markings  and  patches 
in  cell  and  on  subterminal  one-third  of  wing  ;    a  deep  chocolate  rufous  band 

runs  from  middle  of  inner  margin  to  just  below  apex. Hmdwmg  wood-brown, 

paler  on  costal  half. 

Length  of  forewing  :    26  mm.     E.xpanse  :     58  mm. 

Habitat.  Moyamba,  Sierra  Leone  (Dr.  Cator),  1  ?. 

102.  Scalmicauda  bisecta  spec.  nov. 

?.  Antennae  dark  brown ;  head  black-brown  freckled  with  lavender-grey ; 
tegulae  black-brown  ;  rest  of  thorax  greyish  cinnamon  mauve  ;  abdomen  dark 
buff. 

Forewing  greyish  cinnamon-mauve,  costal  two-fifths,  a  wedge-shaped  band 
along  postmedian  line,  and  a  patch  behind  tornus  brownish  chocolate  ;  two 
oblique  antemedian  and  an  oppo.sitcly  oblique  postmedian  Ime  whitish,  as  are 


NOVITATES    ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV.     1917.  261 

the  margins  of  a  large  hour-glass-shaped  patch  across  cell  and  a  quadrate  one 

beyond  ;  a  subterminal  row  of  chocolate  and  whitish  lunulate  dots. Hindwmg 

bright  buff. 

Length  of  forewing  :    24  mm.     Expanse  :    55  mm. 

Habitat.  Sierra  Leone  (Major  Bambridge),  1  ?  ;  Assaba  River,  Niger  (Dr. 
Cator),  1  ?. 

103.  Moresa  hieroglyphica  spec.  nov. 

$.  Antennae  bufi,  pectmations  amber-yellow  ;  head  bufi  tinged  with  rust- 
red  ;  thorax  dark  grass-green  ;  abdomen  orange-buff,  suffused  with  rufous  at 
base. 

Forewmg  dark  grass-green  ;  costal  one-fourth  of  wing  buff,  apical  one-fifth 
of  this  salmon-colour  ;  from  cell  partly  coalescing  with  orange-buff  stigma  there 
spreads  a  broad  buff  threefold  band  of  crossed  bars  and  digit-like  bands  to 
termen,  this  band  is  tinged  or  splashed  with  rufous,  a  buff  line  fi'om  it  to  inner 
margin  and  one  to  vein  6. Hindwings  buff  suffused  with  salmon. 

Length  of  forewing  :    32  mm.     Expanse  :    69  mm. 

Habitat.  Teffe,  Amazons,  October  1907  (M.  de  Mathan),  1  ?. 

104.  Moresa  obliquiiascia  spec.  nov. 

cj.  Antennae  brownish  buff ;  head  bright  buff  ■;  thorax  deep  grass-green  ; 
abdomen  salmon-orange. 

Forewing  deep  grass-green  ;  costo-subcostal  area  buff,  outer  half  washed 
with  brown  ;  an  irregular  broad  oblique  bar  from  middle  of  cell  almost  to  tornus 
deeply  notched  at  each  end  buff  with  sooty  grey  splashes. Hindwuig  salmon- 
buff  ;  abdominal  one-third  salmon-colour. 

Length  of  forewing  :    22  mm.     Expanse  :    50  mm. 

Habitat.  St.  Jean  de  Maroni,  French  Guiana,  1  c?. 

105.  Moresa  plumbeiplaga  spec.  nov. 

?.  Antennae  black,  pectinations  amber-yellow  ;  head  buff  ;  thorax  deep 
green  ;  abdomen  brownish  buff. 

Forewing  deep  green,  costal  edge  sooty  black-brown  ;  a  large  irregular 
oblique  brownish  leaden-grey  patch  from  below  middle  of  subcostal  almost  to 
termen  between  vein  4  and  just  below  vem  2j  a  small  white  streak  followed 
by  some  very  minute  white  dots  runs  into  wing  from  costa  about  one-fifth  from 
apex. Hindwing  :  costal  one-thhd  buff,  rest  of  whig  huffish  salmon-pink. 

Length  of  forewing  :    24  mm.     Expanse  :     52  mm. 

Habitat.  St.  Jean  de  Maroni,  French  Guiana,  1  ?. 

106.  Rosema  klagesi  spec.  nov. 

<?.  Antennae  rufous  brown  ;  head  and  thorax  deep  green  ;  abdomen  crimson- 
scarlet. 

Forewing  dark  grass-green,  costo-subcostal  area  buff'  tmged  with  rufous 
and  brown  expanduig  from  base  of  vein  6  and  running  thence  to  termen  along 
this  vein  ;  a  large  oval  pale  olivaceous  apple-green  patch  occupies  the  whig 
from  termen  to  one-third  from  base  and  from  umer  marghi  to  two-thuds  the 


262  NOVITATES    ZOOLOOICAE    XXIV.     1917. 

space  between  veins  1  and  2. Hindwing  white,  costal  one-fifth  salmon-crimson, 

abdominal  one-fourth  buff. 

Length  of  forewing  :    25  mm.     Expanse  :    56  mm. 

Habitat.  Fonte  Boa,  Upper  Amazons,  May  1906  (S.  M.  Klages),  4  <JcJ. 

107.  Apella  acutidivisa  spec.  nov. 

(J.  Nearest  to  neohule  Druce.  Differs  in  forewing  being  entirely  cinnamon- 
buff  and  the  oblique  band  being  single  not  double  and  deep  maroon  rufous. 
Hindwing  paler  and  rosy  cinnamon. 

Habitat.  St.  Jean  de  Maroni,  French  Guiana,  4  cJo. 

108.  Apella  ovalis  spec.  nov. 

(J  ?.  Antennae  pale  brown  ;  head  bright  rufous  ;  thorax  tegulae  bright 
rufous,  rest  of  thorax  cmnamon-buff  ;    abdomen  yellowish  cinnamon-buff. 

Forewing  :  basal  half  obliquely  cinnamon-buff  faintly  strigillated  with  brown, 
outer  half  cmnamon-brown,  an  oblique  dark  rufous  Ime  from  subcostal  to  tail 
of  inner  margin  separating  the  two  halves  of  the  wing  ;  just  beyond  the  dividing 
rufous  line  is  an  almost  circular  large  cinnamon-grey  patch  just  below  subcostal 
also  faintly  strigillated  with  brown  ;    a  cinnamon-buff  half-moon-shaped  patch 

on  and  below  vein  1  in  the  centre  of  wing  broadly  edged  with  dark  rufous. 

Hindwing  golden  orange-buff. 

Length  of  forewuig  :    16  mm.     Expanse  :    35  mm. 

Habitat.  San  Esteban,  Venezuela,  June  1909  (S.  M.  Klages),  1  S  type; 
Caracas,  Venezuela,   1  $. 

109.  Masehane  costipuncta  spec.  nov. 

(J.  Antennae  dark  brown  ;  head  white  suffused  with  brown  ;  thorax 
tegulae  orange-buff,  rest  of  thorax  violaceous  browTi  ;  thorax  rufous  cinnamon 
suffused  with  smoky  brown. 

Forewing  rufous  cmnamon  suffused  with  smoky  violaceous  brown  less 
strongly  on  outer  two-fifths,  costa  strongly  bowed  out  beyond  middle  of  wing, 
a  powdering  of  white  scales  on  ai.d  below  costa  ;   one-third  from  base  a  curved 

maroon-red  patch   runs   into   wing  from  costa. Hindwing  bufhsh  cinnamon 

suffused  with  rufous  cinnamon. 

Some  specimens  are  entirely  rufous  ciimamon  without  the  smcky  brown 
suffusion. 

Length  of  forewing  :    17  mm.     Expanse  :    39  mm. 

Habitat.  Fonte  Boa,  Upper  Amazons,  May  1906  (S.  M.  Klages),  3  S6  type  ; 
St.  Jean  de  Maroni,  French  Guiana,  Z  SS- 

110.  Dylomia  nubiloviolaceus  spec.  nov. 

(J  ?.  Antennae  rufous  ;  head  buffy  yellow  washed  with  rufous  ;  thorax 
tegulae  buffy  orange,  rest  grey-cinnamon-buff  ;  abdomen  rufous  cinnamon-buff. 

Forewing  golden  buff  ;  costal  and  terminal  area  broadly  maroon-purple, 
on  the  latter  this  colour  is  suddenly  constricted  between  veins  5  and  7  and 
from  veui  5  to  tornus,  bordered  inwardly  by  a  darker  line  ;  a  double  fan-shaped 


NOVITATES    ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV.     1917.  263 

brownish  purple  less  strongly  marked  patch  on  each  side  of  vein  1. Hindwings 

buff  washed  with  purplish  rufous. 

Length  of  forewing  :    16  mm.     Expanse  :    36  mm. 

Habitat.  St.  Jean  de  Maroni,  French  Guiana,  7  S<S  type  ;  St.  Laurent  de 
Maroni  (Le  Moult  pere),  1  S;  Fonte  Boa,  Upper  Amazons,  June  1906  (S.  M. 
Klages),  3  ?? ;  Aroewarwa  Creek,  Maroewym  Valley,  Suruiam,  May^ — June  1905 
(S.  M.  Klages),  1  ?. 

111.  Hapigia  ruJocinnamomia  spec.  nov. 

!?  9.  Antennae  rufous  ;  head  and  thorax  rufous  cinnamon  strongly  suffused 
with  purplish  vhiaceous  ;  abdomen  sooty  grey -brown. 

Forewmg  violaceous  cinnamon  with  a  buff  antemedian  bandlike  area,  and 
two  postmedian  buff  patchlike  areas,  one  near  tornus  above  which  is  an  orange 
spot,  and  one  near  apex  ;  the  whole  wing  crossed  with  numerous  lines  of  coalescent 
lunules,  some  with  olivaceous  centres  ;  an  olivaceous  stigma  and  olive  sub- 
apical  spot. Hindwmgs  smoky  grey-brown. 

Length  of  forewing  :  S  37  mm.,  ?  47  mm.     Expanse  :  S  82  mm.,  ?  102  mm. 

Habitat.  Potaro,  British  Guiana,  February  1908  (S.  M.  Klages),  3  $S,  1  '? 
((Jtype);  Omai,  British  Guiana,  1  cJ ;  Fonte  Boa,  Upper  Amazons,  May  1906 
(S.  M.  Klages),  2   <?<?. 

112.  Antaea  pseudosmerinthus  spec.  nov. 

cj.  At  first  sight  resembles  Laothoe  amurensis.  Antennae  yellowish  grey ; 
head  and  thorax  brown-grey  suffused  with  vmaceous,  distal  half  of  patagia 
freckled  with  ash-grey,  a  crimson  smear  at  back  of  thorax  ;  abdomen  dark  grey- 
brown. 

Forewing  pinkish  grey  washed  somewhat  with  vinaceous,  two  antemedian 
lines  whitish  edged  outwardly  with  vinaceous,  an  ovoid  vinaceous  patch  in 
cell  rmged  with  darker  vinaceous  and  then  whitish  ;  at  the  end  of  cell  is  a  large 
looped  line  between  costa  and  median  vein  inside  vmaceous  and  outside  whitish, 
the  distal  arm  of  the  loop  stained  with  scarlet ;  a  postmedian  bent  sinuate  whitish 
line  edged  outwardly  with  vinaceous  ;  a  postdiscal  similar  line  concavely  curved 
and  slightly  crenulate  from  costa  to  vein  4,  strongly  zigzag  from  vem  4  to  vein  1, 
from  above  vem  4  to  vein  1  this  line  is  strongly  stained  with  scarlet  ;  the  termen 
has  a  deep  brown  terminal  line  and  is  deeply  serrated,  from  apex  to  vein  4 
the  wmg  is  truncate  and  concave,  from  vem  4  to  vein  1  it  is  obliquely  cut  off. 
Huidwing  dark  sooty  grey-bro\ra. 

Length  of  forewing  :    43  mm.     Expanse  :    95  mm. 

Habitat.  Fonte  Boa,  Upper  Amazons,  May  1906  (S.  M.  Klages),  \l  S3 
type  ;  Santo  Antonio  do  Javary,  Upper  Amazons,  June  1907  (S.  M.  Klages), 
I  (J;    Humayta,  Rio  Madeira,  July — September  1906  (W.  Hoiimanns),  1   S. 

Some  specimens  have  some  sooty  patches  on  the  intranervular  spaces 
between  veins  2  and  4. 

113.  Chliora  mediostriga  spec.  nov. 

(J.  Antennae  brown  ;  head,  thorax,  and  abdomen  dark  vinaceous  cinnamon. 

Forewing  brownish    orange-buff  with   numerous    cross-lines  of    vinaceous 

cinnamon  coalescent  lunules  in  basal  and  outer  thirds  of  the  wing  ;  central 


264  NOVITATES    ZOOLOOICAE    XXIV.     1917. 

one-third  of  wing  with  a  broad  band  of  vinaceous  cinnamon  narrowing  to  inner 
margin  from  median  (this  band  is  11  mm.  wide  at  costa  and  5  mm.  at  inner 
margin,  the  outer  edges  are  lunate-crenulate,  and  the  band  encloses  two  buff 
stigmata)  ;    a   double  subterminal  line  of    black  lunules  and  a  black  central 

striga  from  base  to  within  one-fourth  of  termen  along  median  and  vein  4. 

Hindwing  pale  vinaceous  buffy  cinnamon  ;  fringe  buff. 

Length  of  forewing  :    26  mm.     Expanse  :    58  mm. 

Habitat.  Tumatumari,  British  Guiana,  December  1907  (S.  M.  Klages), 
1  (?  type;  Codaljas,  Upper  Amazons,  April  1907  (S.  M.  Klages),  1  <?  ;  Fonte 
Boa,  Upper  Amazons,  November  1906  (S.  M.  Klages),  1  J. 

114.  Hapigiodes  klagesi  spec.  nov. 

cJ.  Antennae  dark  brown  ;  head  and  thorax  violaceous  pomegranate-red  ; 
abdomen  isabel  bufiSsh  washed  with  pale  vinaceous. 

Forewing  purplish  pomegranate-brown  patched  and  suffused  in  several 
places  with  maroon  and  washed  with  violaceous  pink  ;  some  sooty  cloudy  black 
patches  beyond  cell,  and  a  dark  stigma  and  a  black  cloud  patch  occupying  most 
of  wing  below  median  round  and  above  inner  excision  ;  a  curved  postmedian 
indistinct  sooty  hair-line  with  grey  dots,  a  zigzag  subterminal  black  hau--line. 
— ■ — Hindwing  grey-buff. 

Length  of  forewing  :    26  mm.     Expanse  :    57  mm. 

Habitat.  Fonte  Boa,  Upper  Amazons,  July  1907  (S.  M.  Klages),  2  <?<?. 


NOVITATES    ZOOLOGICAE,    VOL.    XXIV.    I917. 


PL.    III. 


EXPLANATION  OF  PLATE   III. 


No.     1. 
2. 

3. 

4. 

5. 

6. 

7. 

8. 

9. 
10. 
11. 
12. 
13. 
14. 
15. 
16. 
17. 
18. 
19. 
20. 
21. 
22. 
23. 
24. 
25. 
26. 


Psilacron  sericeus  Rothsch. 
Notoplusia  distinguenda  Rothsch. 
Phalera  postaurantia  Rothsch.    . 
Maschane  costi punctata  Rothsch. 
Dyasia  punctata  Rothsch.  . 
Stauropus  glaucoviridis  Rothsch. 
,,  rufescens  Rothsch.  <?  . 

„         purpurascens  Rothsch. 

5»  J»  )) 

Apella  ovalis  Rothsch. 
Moresa  obliquifascia  Rothsch.    - 
Lirimiris  chiinaera  Rothsch. 
Stauropus  nitidus  Rothsch.     $   - 

flavicollis  Rothsch. 

apiculatus  Rothsch.    . 

viridigriseus  Rothsch.   c 
Tachida  cossula  Rothsch. 
Drugera  pallidiflava  Rothsch. 
Dyasia  melanoleuca  Rothsch. 
Dylomia  nubiloviolaceus  Rothsch. 
Stauropus  viridigriseus  Rothsch.  5 
Lepasta  bractea  gigantea  Rothsch. 
Turnaca  nigripuncta  Rothsch.    . 
Stauropus  frugilegus  Rothsch.     - 


• 

.   p.  239 

•" 

■ 

-  p.  240 
.   p.  253 

~ 

-  p.  262 
.   p.  236 

— 

-  p.  242 
.   p.  244 

- 

-   p.  244 

<?  . 

.   p.  242 

?  - 

" 

-  p.  242 
.   p.  262 

" 

-  p.  261 
.   p.  237 

-  p.  241 
.   p.  241 

-  p.  241 
.   p.  245 

J* . 

- 

-   p.  243 

.   p.  235 

-  p.  239 
.   p.  236 

-  p.  262 

* 

.   p.  243 

- 

-  p.  235 
.   p.  258 

- 

- 

- 

-   p.  243 

*  Originally  printed  liridogrisea,  by  mistake. 


NOVITATES    ZOOLOGICAE,    VoL.    XXIV.    I917. 


PL.     IV. 


EXPLANATIONS    OF    PLATE    IV. 

(Corrected) 

No.     1.  Gargetta  albostigmata  Rothsch.  (Cargetta  in  text,  err.)  . 

2.  Hapigiodes  klagesi  Rothsch.        ----- 

3.  Oniichlis  jjlusiotis  Rothsch.  ..... 

4.  Bardaxima  castaneobrunnea  Rothsch.  -         -         -         - 

5.  Moresa  IderoglypJiica  Rothsch.   ..... 

6.  Hoplitis  insignifica  Rothsch.       ----- 

7.  Rifargia  hiplaga  Rothsch..  ..... 

8.  Trichomoplata  dimorpha  Rothsch.  $    - 

9.  Lirimiris  elongata  Schaus  ?..... 

10.  ,,  „  orientalis  Rothsch.   cJ     - 

11.  ,,        eurybia  Druce     ...... 

12.  Tarsolepis  japonica  Wileman. 

13.  Gargetta  bipimcia  Rothsch.  {Cargetta  iii  text,  err.) 

14.  Lirimiris  lemoulti  Rothsch.         ----- 

15.  Macronadata  brunnea  Rothsch.  ..... 

16.  Brachychira  olivaceojusca  Rothsch.  (Pac/jyc/z/m  in  text,  err. 


p- 

256 

p- 

264 

p- 

259 

p- 

234 

p- 

261 

p- 

250 

p- 

254 

p- 

240 

p- 

237 

p- 

238 

p- 

237 

p- 

257 

p- 

237 

p- 

259 

p- 

260 

EXPLANATIONS   OF   PLATE   V. 


No. 


1. 
2. 

3. 

4. 

5. 

6. 

7. 

8. 

9. 
10. 
11. 
12. 
13. 
14. 
15. 
16. 
17. 
18. 


Stauropus  notodontina  Rothsch.  . 

,,  hipunctus  Rothsch.  - 
Chadisra  meeki  Rothsch.    . 

,,  albobrunnea  Rothsch.  - 
Hoplilis  dasychiroides  Rothsch.  . 
Chadisra  striata  divisa  Rothsch. 
Naprepa  jiisconuhilata  Rothsch. 

,,       adusta  Rothsch.  - 
Hapigia  rufocinnamomea  Rothsch. 
Pachychira  exceUens  Rothsch. 
Rifargia  terebroides  Rothsch. 
Scalmicauda  bisecta  Rothsch. 
Rhuda  opalistriga  Rothsch.  o 

„  ?     - 

Chadisra  striata  striata  Rothsch. 
Tarsolepis  sericea  Rothsch. 
Chliora  mediostriga  Rothsch. 
Gargetta  flavibasis  Rothsch.  $  (Cargetta  in  text,  err.) 


p.  246 
p.  246 
p.  251 
p.  251 
p.  250 
p.  252 
p.  231 
p.  231 
p.  263 
p.  260 
p.  254 
p.  260 
249 
249 
252 
252 
263 


p.  256 


NOVITATES    ZOOLOGICAE,  VOL.    XXIV.    I917. 


PL.    V. 


^^Jf^^i^"^^^ 


EXPLANATIONS   OF   PLATE   VI. 


No.     1.  Trichomoplata  stigmatica  Rothscli.       .  .  .  .  . 

2.  Stanropiis  incisus  Rothsch.  --._.. 

3.  Cascera  variegata  Rothsch.  ...... 

4.  Rifargia  steinhachi  Rothsch.        ------ 

5.  Turnaca  lanuginosa  Rothsch.      ...... 

6.  Cascera  irrorata  irrorata  Rothsch.        -  -         -         .         . 

7.  Euhampsonia    gigantea     (Druce)  =  Euhampsonia    magnifica 
Rothsch.        ...... 

8.  Baradesa  omissa  Rothsch.  -         -         -         - 

9.  ,,  lithosioides  Moore  (for  comparison) 

10.  Antaea  pseudosmerinthtis  Rothsch. 

11.  Hoplitis  curvatula  Rothsch. 

12.  Apella  acutidivisa  Rothsch. 

13.  Chadisra  plagosa  Rothsch. 

14.  Gargetta  flavibasis  Rothsch.  <?  (Cargetta  in  text,  err.) 

15.  Omichlis  mediofasciaia  Rothsch. 

16.  „       pseudolihatrix  Rothsch. 

17.  Cascera  perscripta  Rothsch. 

18.  „      olivacea  olivacea  Rothsch. 

19.  Moresa  plumbeiplaga  Rothsch.   . 


p.  241 
p.  245 
p.  248 
p.  255 
p.  25& 
p.  248. 

p.  258- 
p.  258 
p.  258 
p.  263 
p.  251 
p.  262 
p.  252 
p.  256 
p.  260 
p.  259 
p.  248 
p.  247 
p.  261 


NOVITATES    ZOOLOGICAE,    VOL.    XXIV.    1917. 


PL.    VI. 


EXPLANATION   OF   PLATE    VII. 


No.     1. 
2, 

3. 

4. 

5. 

6. 

7. 

S. 

9. 
10. 
11. 
12. 
13. 
14. 
15. 
16. 
17. 
18. 


Rifargia  basiplaga  Rothscli. 
Cascera  flavovirens  RothscL. 

„      marginata  Rothsch. 

,,      albiscripta  Rothsch. 
Rifargia  muscosa  Rothsch. 
Hoplitis  cinnamomea  Rothsch.    - 
Malocampa  bucephaloides  Rothsch 

„  pkalernides  Rothsch. 

Rifargia  cossoides  Rothsch. 
Phalera  inexpectata  Rothsch. 
Tarsolepis  rvfohrunnea  Rothsch 


Rifargia  intermedia.  Rothsch. 
Turnaca  tnediofascia  Rothsch.    - 
Rhuda  posttriangnlum  Rothsch. 
Turnaca  pkragmatoecioides  Rothscli. 
Phalera  elongata  Rothsch. 
Rosema  klagesi  Rothsch.    - 


((ype)    . 
(Khasia  HiUs) 


P- 
P- 
P- 
P- 
P- 
P- 


255 
247 
247 
246 
255 
250 
p.  249 
p.  249 
p.  254 
p.  253 
p.  252 
p.  252 
p.  256 
257 
250 
257 
253 
261 


P- 
P- 
P- 
P- 
P- 


NOVITATKS    ZOOLOGICAE,    VOL.    XXIV.    I917. 


PL.    VII. 


EXPLANATION   OF   PLATE   VIIl. 


No.     1.  Spalalia  a/finis  Rothscli.    . 
„       2.  „       indislincta  Rothscli. 

,,       3.  Nystalea  nigriplaga  Rothscli. 

„       4.  Antiora  affinis  Rothsch.     - 

,,       5.  Nystalea  ocellata  Rothsch.. 
,,       6.  „        cossoides  Rothsch. 

,,       7.  „        zeuzeroides  Rothsch. 

,,       8.  Trichomoplata  dhnorpha  Rothsch 

„       9.  Eragisa  tenebrosa  Rothsch. 

,,  10.  Lirimiris  mirabilis  Rothsch. 

,,  11.  Bardaxima  molossus  Rothsch. 

,,  12.  Dingera  muscosa  Rothsch. 

„  13.  Stauropus  triplagosus  Rothsch 

,,  14.  „         affinis  Rothsch. 

„  15.  „         7)iediolinea  Rothsch. 

„  16.  Arhacia  postbriiiniea  Roth.sch. 

,,  17.  Dyasia  stigmatica  Rothsch. 

„  18.     Stauropus  germanus  Rothsch.   c 

,,  20.  „  kiicoji/iaetis  Rothsch. 

,,  21.  ,,  viridijiitens  Rothsch. 

,,  22.  ,,  alboviridis  Rothsch. 

,,  23.     Eragisa  basijcra  Rothsch. 

,,  24.     Psilacron  divisa  Rothsch.  - 


(germana 


. 

.   p.  231 

. 

-   p.  231 

. 

.   p.  232 

. 

-   p.  232 

. 

.   p.  233 

- 

-   p.  233 

. 

.   p.  233 

_ 

-   p.  240 

.   p.  234 

. 

-   p.  238 

.   p.  234 

- 

-   p.  239 

.   p.  243 

. 

-   p.  245 

.   p.  245 

.    -     - 

-   p.  238 

. 

.   p.  236 

in  text,  en.) 

-   p.  244 

. 

.   p.  244 

. 

-   p.  243 

.   p.  242 

-    -    - 

-   p.  244 

. 

.   p.  234 

. 

-   p.  240 

NOVITATES    ZOOLOGTCAR,    VOL.   XXIV.    igi/. 


PL.    VIII. 


NOVITATES    ZOOLOGICAE   XXIV.    1917.  265 

ON  SOME  RALLIDAE. 
By  ERNST   HARTERT,   Ph.D. 

I.   THE  NAME  OP  THE  AFRICAN   "PURPLE  COOT." 

THE  large  African  Purple  Coot  or  Purple  Moorhen — Porphyria  is  next  alHed 
to  the  Moorhen,  and  not  to  the  Coot — ^has  been  known  as  Porphyria  sma- 
ragnotus,  smaragdonotus,  or  inadagascariensis,  which  names  all  refer  to  it,  and  it 
has  also  been  named  chlorynothos,  cldoronotus,  and  aegyptiacus.  In  1894  Sharpe 
introduced  for  it  the  name  Porphyria  porphyria,  pretending  that  it  was  Linne's 
"  Fidica  porphyria  "  of  1766,  and  this  name  was  adapted  by  Reichenow,  in  the 
Vogel  A  frikas,  as  of  1 758  ! 

Linnaeus  {Syst.  Nat.  ed.  x.  i.  p.  152,  1758)  called  Fulica  porphyria  a  bird 
which  he  diagnosed  as  follows  :  "  Fulica  fronte  calva,  corpore  violaceo,  digitis 
simplicibus."  He  quotes  as  his  sources  :  (1)  "  Brown,  Jamaica,  479."  Brown, 
of  course,  described  the  American  species!  (2)  "  Albin,  av.  3,  p.  79,  t.  84." 
Albin  figured  and  described  a  bird  which  is  all  over  uniform  purplish  blue  and 
has  a  white  tail.  This  can  only  be  P.  caeruleus  and  not  the  African  species, 
which  has  a  green  back.  Albin  does  not  say  where  the  home  of  his  bird  was, 
but  refers  to  the  one  described  by  Plinius,  Gesner,  and  Aldrovandus,  who  must 
all  have  had  P.  caeruleus  in  their  mind,  though  they  mostly  described  it  from 
pictures  only.  (3)  "Raj.  av.  116,  n.  13."  Ray  says  he  only  saw  pictures  and 
does  not  know  if  the  bird  really  existed.  "  An  detur  hujusmodi  avis  dubita- 
tur  ?  "  (4)  "  Edwards,  av.  87,  t.  87."  Edwards  figures  and  describes  a  bird 
which  was  all  over  "of  a  fine  blue,  inclining  to  violet."  He  gives  no  locality, 
but  says  a  Mr.  Bell  told  him  he  had  seen  male  birds  in  China.  (5)  "  Dodart. 
act.  3,  p.  30  ?  "  I  have  not  seen  this  book,  but  Dodart  had,  so  far  as  I  know, 
only  black-and-white  figures  and  no  text ;  moreover,  as  Linne  queried  his  figure, 
this  quotation  is  of  no  avail. 

Last  but  not  least  :    Linne  said  :  "  Habitat  in  Asia,  America." 

In  1766  (Syst.  Nat.  ed.  xii.  i.  p.  258)  Linne  described  his  F.  porphyria 
as  corpore  viridi,  subtus  violaceo,  and  added  some  more  quotations,  Bellonius, 
Gesner,  Aldrovandus,  Clusius,  Willoughby,  and  Brisson.  Most  of  these  were 
compilators  who  referred  to  the  bird  described  by  Phnius,  Gesner,  Aldrovandus, 
but  Brisson  gave  a  description  of  a  bird  with  a  green  back  which  he  says  came 
from  Cayenne,  though  it  seems  that  he  reaUy  did  describe  an  African  specimen, 
as  he  says  it  is  nearly  as  large  as  a  fowl,  and  afterwards  the  "  Petite  Poule  Sul- 
tane,"  also  from  Cayenne.  In  any  case,  this  cannot  alter  the  meaning  of  Linne's 
"  Fulica  porphyria,"  of  which  in  1 766  he  said,  "  Habitat  in  India  Asiae,  Americae." 

It  is  thus  clear  that  Linne's  "  Porphyria  ""  of  1758  was  a  mixture  of  the 
South  American  Porphyria  martinica  and  the  Mediterranean  P.  caeruletis,  but 
has  absolutely  nothing  to  do  with  the  African  species.  There  is  therefore  no 
justification  whatever  for  adopting  this  name  for  the  African  species. 

In  1766  Linne  altered  his  diagnosis,  and  described  a  sijecies  with  a  green 
back,  but  as  he  did  not  mention  the  size  and  says  no  word  of  the  occurrence 
in  Africa,  that  may  just  as  well  refer  to  the  American  species.    Therefore  even 


266  NOVITATES    ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV.     1917. 

Sharpe,  who  disregarded  the  description  of  1758,  because  he  began  his  nomen- 
clature with  the  year  1766,  should  not  have  adopted  Linne's  name  for  the  African 
species. 

The  oldest  available  name  for  the  latter  is  Fulica  madagascariensis  Latham, 
1801.  As  there  seems  to  be  no  difference  between  African  and  Madagascar 
specimens,  this  name  covers  them  both,  and  the  change  proposed  by  Sharpe  and 
Reichenow  need  not  take  place. 

II.    PORPHYRIO  POLIOCEPHALUS  CASPIUS  SUBSP.  NOV. 

While  there  is  evidently  no  difference  whatever  in  colour,  I  find  that  the 
tropical  (Indian)  form  of  Porphyria  poliocephalus  is  smaller  than  the  palaearctic 
one  from  the  shores  of  the  Caspian  and  Persia. 

Of  the  Indian  form  there  is  a  large  series  in  the  British  Museum  fcf.  Cat. 
B.  Brit.  Mus.  xxiii.  p.  199),  and  their  wings  measure  240-269  mm.  Unfor- 
tunately, quite  a  number  are  not  sexed  at  all,  and  some  apparently  not  correctly, 
but,  taking  one  or  two  errors  for  granted,  it  seems  that  the  males  measure  from 
257-269,  females  240-256  mm.  There  are  only  four  Ceylon  skins,  and  their 
wings  measure  240-243  mm.,  in  one,  but  perhaps  abnormally,  only  230  mm.,  but 
Legge  gives  the  same  length  !  It  would  thus  seem  that  the  Ceylon  birds  are 
smaller  again,  but  a  larger  series  must  be  measured  in  order  to  verify  this 
supposition. 

Of  the  Irano-Caspian  form  I  have  measured  five  skins  from  Lenkoran  and 
eleven  from  East  Persia,  and  find  that  they  measure  259-286  mm.  in  the  wing 
—i.e.  SS  270-286,  $?  259-266  mm. 

There  is  thus,  if  specimens  of  similar  sex  are  compared,  a  close  approach, 
but  not  even  an  overlapping,  and  the  two  forms  must  therefore  be  separated. 

The  Indian  bird  was  named  Gallinula  poliocephala  by  Latham  (Ind.  Orn. 
Suppl.  p.  Ixviii.  1801),  and  again  Porphyria  neglectus  by  Schlegel  {Mus.  Pays- 
Bas,  Ralli,  p.  53,  1865). 

The  larger  Caspian  and  Persian  form  has  no  name..  It  is  frequently  called 
"  Porphyria  veterum,"  but  this  is  not  correct.  S.  G.  Gmelin  {Reise  (lurch  Rnss- 
land,  iii.  p.  79,  pi.  12,  1774)  tells  us  of  the  occurrence  of  the  Purple  Coot  in  North 
Persia,  and  give  an  uncoloured  figure  of  it.  He  thought  this  bird  was  the  Por- 
phyria of  the  older  writers,  and  does  not,  therefore,  give  it  a  name.  In  a  footnote 
he  says  that  it  is  the  Porphijrio  veterum,  meaning  the  Porphyria  of  the  old  authors, 
and  recapitulates  the  diagnoses  of  Klein,  Brown,  and  Linne,  of  their  Porphyria. 
These  authors,  however,  had  different  birds  in  mind,  and  the  name  veterum 
has  therefore  no  standing ;  besides  that,  it  was  not  meant  to  be  a  name. 
I  therefore  propose  for  the  large  form  the  name — 

Porphyrio  poliocephalus  caspius  subsp.  nov. 

because  it  chiefly  inhabits  the  basin  of  the  Caspian. 
Type  :  S  ad.,  Lenkoran,  in  the  Tring  Museum. 
We  must  distinguish  the  following  palaearctic  Porphyrio: 

1.  Porphyrio  caeruleus  (Vandelli). 
South  Portugal  and  Spain,  Marocco,  Algeria,  Tunisia,  Sardinia,  and  Sicily, 
formerly  Balearic  Isles  and  Malta.     It  was  probably  this  species  which  occurred, 


NOVITATES    ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV.     1917.  267 

according  to  Geoft'roy  St.  Hilaire  and  Erliard,  over  half  a  century  ago  in  Greece, 
in  the  swamps  of  Osman-Aga,  the  plain  of  Helos,  on  the  lakes  Dystos  and  Kopai, 
but  it  might  possibly  have  been  another  species. 

2.  Porphyria  madagascariensis  (Ijath. 

Madagascar  and  Africa  to  the  Sahara,  in  Egypt  along  the  Nile  to  Fajmm, 
Lake  Menzaleh  and  Alexandria. 

3.  Porphyria  poliacephalus  caspius  Hart. 

Wings  :    S  270-286,  ?  258-266  mm. 

Shores  of  Caspian,  very  numerous  at  Lenkoran,  rare  in  the  Volga  delta, 
in  Persia,  especially  in  Seistan,  East  Persia,  in  Mesopotamia,  and  probably 
Afghanistan,  from  where  only  one  unsexed  specimen  could  be  measured. 

3a.  Porphyria  paliocephalus  poliacephalus  (Lath.). 

Wings  :    <J  257-269,  ?  240-256  mm. 

India  from  Ceylon  to  the  Himalaya,  Burma  to  Tenasserim. 

Possibly  the  Ceylon  form  smaller  again  ? 

4.  Porphyria  alleni  Thomps. 

Tropical  Africa,  as  a  straggler  once  Alexandria,  twice  Sicily,  twice  Lucca 
in  Italy,  a  number  of  times  on  the  Azores,  once  in  Madeira,  once  on  the  Mar 
Menor  south-east  of  Murcia,  in  December  1902  near  Bizerta  in  Tunisia,  in 
December  1902  near  Mazagan  in  West  Marocco,  in  January  1902  at  sea  near 
Yarmouth. 

It  is  certainly  very  remarkable  that  a  species  which  breeds  south  of  the 
Sahara  should  occur  so  frequently  in  Europe,  and  I  do  not  think  that  it  is 
impossible  that  it  occurs  regularly  and  nests  in  Southern  Marocco,  which  is,  so  far, 
not  at  all  thoroughly  explored.  It  might  thus  belong  to  the  birds  which,  Uke 
the  Telephonus,  Pycnonatus  barbatus,  Asia  capensis  tingitanus,  Melierax  canorus 
metabates,  Francalinus  bicalcaratus  (subsp.),  and  Streptopelia  senegalensis  phoenico- 
phila,  have  extended  their  range  from  the  Senegal  along  the  coast  to  Africa 
Minor,  where  most  of  them  became  changed  into  distinct  subspecies. 

III.    THE  FORMS  OF  GALLINULA  CHL0R0PU8. 

The  "  Moorhen  "  or  "  Water-hen,"  being  very  widely  spread,  and  in  most 
countries  not  or  only  partially  migratory,  offers  a  very  interesting  subject  for 
the  study  of  geographical  variation.  As  usual,  series  from  many  breeding-areas 
are  not  available,  but  from  the  material  I  was  able  to  compare  I  am  convinced 
that  we  can  distinguish  the  following  races  : 

1.  Gallinula  chloiopus  chloropus  (L.). 

Fulica  chloropus  Linnaeus,  Syst.  Nat.  ed.  x.  i.  p.  152  (1758—"  Habitat  in  Europa."     Restricted 
terra  typica,  from  the  first  quotation,  England). 

Outward  appearance  of  wings  olive-brown.  Wings:  S  175-188,  ?  165- 
176  mm. 

Europe  generally  from  Norway  and  Russia  to  the  Mediterranean,  east- 


268  NOVITATES    ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV.     1917. 

wards  to  Turkestan,  and  North  Africa,  north  of  the  Sahara.  I  am  not  able 
to  say  whether  the  specimens  obtained  in  Dauria  (Tran-sbaikaUa)  belong  to 
this  form  or  to  the  Chinese  one.  Wholly  or  partially  migratory  in  the  northern 
portions  of  its  area.     (Series  from  North  Africa  not  available.) 

2.  Gallinula  chloropus  parvifrons  Blyth. 

Oalliniila  parvijrons  Blyth,  Journ.  As.  Soc.  Bengal,  xii.  p.  180  (1843 — Calcutta). 
(?  Gallinula  burnesi  Blyth,  op.  cit.  xxiii.  p.  737,  1854.     Described  from  a  drawing  which  presents 
no  white  under  tail-coverts  and  no  white  stripes  on  the  flanks.    From  Kabul.) 

In  every  way  like  G.  c.  chloropus,  but  smaller,  wings  shorter.  Wings  :  (J 
156-176,  sometimes  to  182,  ?  155-165  mm. 

India,  south  to  Ceylon,  eastwards  through  China  to  the  Eiu-Kiu  (Loo- 
Choo)  Islands,  and  Japan,  where  it  is,  however,  by  no  means  common.  Pro- 
bably Thibet  specimens  belong  to  this  race,  too.  Of.  C.  H.  B.  Grant,  Ibis, 
1915,  p.  48. 

3.  Gallinula  chloropus  orientalis  Horsf. 

Oallinula  orientalis  Horsfield,  Trans.  Linn.  Soc.  London,  xiii.  p.  195  (1820 — Java). 

Easily  distinguishable  by  its  bluish  slate-coloured  upper  wing-coverts, 
which  lack  the  oHvaceous  brown  edges  which  are  found  in  G.  c.  chloropus  and 
other  races.     Wings  short,  145-167  mm. 

Java,  Sumatra,  Malay  Peninsula  ;  Celebes  (rare).  Specimens  from  the 
Philippine  Islands  seem  mostly  to  belong  to  this  form,  but  some  have  the  wings 
much  bro^vner.  Their  wings  are  sometimes  longer  than  in  G.  c.  orientalis.  They 
stand  thus  somewhat  between  G.  c.  orientalis  and  parvifrons  and  resemble  G.  c. 
guami.     Unfortunately  not  many  specimens  could  be  examined. 

4.  Gallinula  chloropus  guami  subsp.  nov. 

Upper  wing-coverts  darker  than  in  G.  c.  chloropus  and  parvifrons,  with 
very  little  olive-brown,  but  not  uniform  slate-colour  as  in  orientalis.  Wings  : 
(J  ?  165-175,  exceptionally  as  long  as  180  mm. 

Island  of  Guam,  Marianne  Islands. 

Type:  <J  ad.,  Guam,  11.  xii.  1894.  Collected  by  the  late  Alan  Owston's 
Japanese  collectors.     In  the  Tring  Museum. 

I  have  examined  thirty-six  examples  from  Guam.  Cf.  Nov.  Zool.  1898, 
pp.  62-64,  where  I  not  only  described  the  status  of  the  Moorhen  on  Guam, 
but  also  discussed  some  of  the  other  forms  of  Gallinula.  That  short  review, 
however,  was  very  incomplete  and  faultj',  and  docs  not  favourably  compare 
with  our  present  knowledge. 

5.  Gallinula  chloropus  brachyptera  (Brehm). 

Stagnicola  brachyptera  Brehm,  Vogelfang,  p.  331  (1855 — "  Mittelafrika  "). 

(Mr.  C.  H.  B.  Grant  [Ibis,  1915,  p.  48]  adopts  for  this  race  Brehm's  name 
tneridionalis,  published  on  the  same  page,  one  line  above  brachyptera.  I  cannot 
follow  this  ;  Brehm  said  it  had  the  edge  of  the  wing  and  under  wing-coverts 
ferrugineous  ("rostfarben  "),  which  is  not  the  case  in  any  Gullimtla  chloropus, 


NOTITATES    ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV.     1917.  269 

nor  is  there  a  specimen  in  the  Brehm  Collection  from  which  this  description  could 
be  taken.) 

Very  similar  to  G.  c.  orientalis,  but  toes  and  tarsus  as  a  rule  distinctly  shorter, 
sometimes  however  diificult  to  distinguish.     Wings  about  150-175  mm. 

Tropical  Africa  to  Cape  Colony,  St.  Thome  and  Annobon.  Also  the  Sey- 
chelle  Islands,  PrasHn,  He  aux  Fous,  St.  Digne,  and  probably  He  Aride.  The 
four  skins  from  He  Aride  have  the  under  tail-coverts  more  or  less  buS,  almost 
as  in  pyrrhorhoa,  and  the  wings  are  rather  shorter  than  in  the  majority  of  brachyp- 
tera.  I  believe,  however,  that  they  must  all  be  females,  though  sexed  as  males, 
but  the  collector,  Thibault,  was  not  reliable  in  that  respect.  Curiously  the 
upper  wing-coverts  are  also  rather  more  brownish  than  they  usually  are  in 
brachyptera.  It  is  hardly  credible  that  on  the  small  islet  called  He  Aride,  close 
to  the  He  aux  Fous,  a  special  form  should  exist  ! 

» 
6.  Gallinula  chloropus  pyrrhorhoa  Newt. 

Gallinula  pyrrhorhoa  Newton,  Proc.  Zool.  Soc.  London,  1861,  p.  18  (Mauritius). 

Under  tail-coverts  always  distinctly  deep  buff.  In  other  subspecies,  chiefly 
in  G.  c.  chloropus,  the  lateral  under  tail-coverts  are  sometimes,  especially  in 
freshly  moulted  autumn  specimens,  more  or  less  buff,  but  not  regularly  and 
so  intensely  as  in  this  form. 

Mauritius,  Reunion,  and  Madagascar. 

7.  Gallinula  chloropus  sandvicensis  Streets. 

Gallinula  sandvicensis  Streets,  Ibis,  1877,  p.  2.5  (Oahu). 

At  once  recognisable  by  the  extended  frontal  shield  in  old  birds.  Toes 
rather  short  and  slender,  more  red  in  front  of  tarsus. 

Sandwich  Islands.  Though  better  differentiated  than  most  other  forms, 
after  all  only  subspecies  according  to  my  present  views. 

8.  Gallinula  chloropus  galeata  (Licht.). 

Crex  galeata  Lichtenstein,  Verz.  Doubl.  Mus.  Berlin,  p.  80  (1823 — Sao  Paulo,  Brazil). 

Easily  recognisable  by  the  widely  extended  frontal  shield,  which  is  truncate 
(not  rounded)  behind. 

Southern  Brazil,  Paraguay,  Uruguay,  Northern  Argentina,  Eastern  Bolivia. 

9.  Gallinula  chloropus  pauxilla  Bangs. 

Gallinnla  chloropus  pauxilla  Outram  Bangs,  Proc.  New  England  Zool.  Club,  v.  p.  96  (1915 — West 
Colombia). 

Like  G.  c.  galeata,  but  much  smaller. 

West  Colombia,  probably  also  West  Ecuador,  and  perhaps  even  farther 
south. 

10.  Gallinula  chloropus  cachinnans  Bangs. 

Gallinula  chloropus  carchinnans  Bangs,  Proc.  New  England  Zool.  Club,  v.  p.  96  (1915 — North  America. 
Type  Florida). 

Easily  separable  by  the  colour  of  the  back  and  scapulars,  which  are  cf  a 
more  or  less  reddish  brown,  though  variable,  according  to  Bangs,  from  "  argus 


270  NOVITATES    ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV.     1917. 

brown"  through  "Brussels  brown"  to  "raw  umber."  "In  most  fully  adult 
individuals  the  whole  back,  rump  and  wings,  except  lesser  coverts,  are  brown." 
Size  and  proportions  as  in  G.  c.  galeata.     Wings,  169-178  mm. 

"North  temperate  Eastern  and  Central  North  America,  south  to  Nicaragua, 
and  as  a  rare  straggler  to  Costa  Rica  ;  Bermudas  ;  Greater  Antilles  ;  Northern 
Lesser  Antilles ;  Bahamas,  rare  and  local ;  an  isolated  colony  in  California 
and  another  at  Cape  San  Lucas"  (Bangs,  I.e.). 

Specimens  from  the  Galapagos  Islands  appear  to  be  inseparable  for  the 
present,  but  a  larger  series  would  probably  show  them  to  be  a  smaller  sub- 
species ! 

Bangs  {I.e.,  p.  98)  separated,  from  comparison  of  two  specimens,  a  race  from 
S.  Lucia,  Lesser  Antilles,  a.s — 

Oallinula  chloropus  cerceris. 

A  specimen  in  the  Tring  Museum,  collected  on  S.  Lucia  by  Selwyn  Branch, 
agrees  with  other  West  Indian  specimens,  and  shows  nothing  of  the  characters 
on  which  Bangs  founded  his  cerceris.  I  therefore  believe  that  G.  c.  cerceris 
should  be  regarded  as  a  synonym,  and  that  the  type  is  abnormal.  Bangs's 
second  specimen  is  immature. 


11.  Gallinula  chloropus  garmani  Allen. 

GaUinula  garmani  Allen,  Bull.  Mus.  Comp.  Zool.  iii.  p.  357  (1876 — Lake  Titicaca). 

Much  larger  than  other  American  forms,  upperside  very  dark. 

Lake  Titicaca  in  Southern  Peru.  According  to  Bangs  also  in  Western 
BoUvia  and  Chile.  This  may  be  correct,  but  specimens  from  Eastern  Bohvia 
which  I  examined  belong  to  G.  c.  galeata. 

It  seems  doubtful  if  Gallinula  frontata  Wall.  (G.  frontata  Wallace,  Proc. 
Zool.  Soc.  London,  1863,  p.  35,  Buru)  should  be  included  in  the  subspecies  of 
Gall,  chloropus.  It  is  easily  separable,  besides  other  details,  from  all  other 
forms  by  the  red  legs  and  larger  bill,  with  more  extended  frontal  shield.  These 
difEerences,  though  obvious,  would  not  deter  me  from  calling  it  G.  chloropus 
frontata,  but  it  seems  to  occur  together  with  G.  c.  orientalis,  in  Celebes.  I  think, 
therefore,  that  we  must  await  further  investigations,  before  treating  it  as  a 
form  of  G.  chloropus,  though  Stresemann  (Novetates  Zoologic.\e,  1914,  p.  55) 
did  it  without  hesitation.  G.  frontata  seems  to  be  rare  on  Celebes,  and  so  does 
O.  c.  orientalis,  and  it  may  be  that  either  of  them  is  only  an  occasional  straggler 
on  the  great  island,  but  this  is  not  yet  certain.  Besides  Celebes,  G.  frontata 
occurs  on  Buru,  Ceram,  Amboina,  New  Guinea,  Sumba,  Flores,  and  Borneo, 
but  on  the  latter  almost  certainly  as  an  exceptional  straggler,  if  the  record  is 
correct. 

LITERATURE   ON  THE   FORMS   OF  GALLINULA   CHLOROPUS. 


1894 
1894 
1915 
1915 


Sharpe,  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.  xxiii.  pp,   168-180. 

Hartert,  Nov.  Zool.  v.  pp.  62-64. 

Claude  H.  B.  Grant,  Ihis,  pp.  47-49. 

Outram  Bangs,  Proc.  New  England  Zool.  Club,  v.  pp.  93-99  (review 


of  the  American  forms). 


NOVITATES    ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV.     1917.  271 

IV.    THE  FORMS   OF  PORZANA   FUSCA  (L.). 

In  the  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mtis.  xxiii.  pp.  146-148,  Sharpe  united  the  various 
forms  of  this  species,  only  separating  phaeopygiis,  because  he  did  not  know  it, 
or  he  would  undoubtedly  not  have  kept  it  as  another  species. 

Sharpe  admitted  that  the  species  "varies  considerably  in  size,"  but  con- 
cluded that  "  it  would  seem  impossible  to  recognise  more  than  one  form."  He 
gave  some  measurements  which  clearly  showed  that  specimens  from  South 
India  and  Ceylon  and  likewise  those  from  the  Philippines  are  smaller  than 
birds  from  Northern  India  on  the  one  hand  and  from  China  and  Japan  on  the 
other. 

It  is  impossible,  according  to  present  ideas,  to  unite  all  these  forms,  nor 
are  they,  of  course,  "  species,"  but  clearly  "  subspecies,"  though  their  present 
knowledge  is  not  final,  and  the  distribution  of  some  of  the  forms  not  clear  and 
somewhat  peculiar. 

Linnaeus  described  the  bird  from  Brisson,  who  had  it  from  the  Philippines. 
The  PhiUppine  form  is  therefore  Porzana  fusca  fusca  (L.).  As  birds  from  Java 
are  not  separable  from  the  latter,  Temminck's  Rallus  rubiginosus,  described 
from  Java,  is  a  synonym. 

'' Zapornia  flammiceps"  Hodgson,  Gray's  Zool.  Misc.  p.  86  (1844),  is  a 
nomen  nudum,  and  I  consider  the  name  too  unsuitable  to  adopt  it  for  the  North 
Indian  form. 

I  distinguish  the  following  forms  : 

1.  Porzana  Jusca  erythrothorax  (Temm.  &  Schleg.). 

Gallinula  erythrothorax  Temminck  &  Schlegel,  Siebold's  Fauna  Japan,  Aves,  p.  121.  pi.  28  (1849 — 
Japan). 

Forehead  to  about  middle  of  eyes  or  greater  part  of  crown  rufous  ;  upper- 
side  dark  olive-brown,  in  fresh  plumage  with  rusty  tinge.  Underside  and  fore- 
head as  a  rule  less  deep,  paler  rufous,  than  in  allied  forms.  Larger,  wings  105- 
120  mm.  {thirty-five  measured). 

Japan  from  Yesso  to  Kiushiu  and  Yaku,  Eastern  China  to  Yunnan  and 
Siam. 

In  Yunnan  specimens  are  sometimes  rather  darker  on  the  underside,  so  it  is 
not  easy,  if  at  all  possible,  to  distinguish  them  from  large  specimens  of  P.  /.  bakeri. 
The  largest  specimens  I  have  seen  are  from  Japan  (wings  mostly  110-120  mm., 
shortest  105mm.);  those  from  China  measure  105-1 18mm.,  once  120  mm.  This  is 
probably  accidental,  and  I  do  not  think  that  the  Chinese  form  is  really  smaller. 
The  wings  of  10  (J  from  Mengtsze  or  Mongtsz  in  Yunnan  measure,  according  to 
Mr.  Outram  Bangs,  in  Utt.,  97  to  105  mm.,  but  as  he  measured  the  wings  "in 
their  natural  curve,  not  flattened  against  the  rule,"  *  we  may  add  3  or  4  mm., 
so  that  they  come  to  about  100-109  mm. 

*  I  am  afraid  that  Mr.  Bangs'sway  of  measuring  the  wing  is  still  the  usual  one,  but  it  is  un- 
doubtedly the  wrong  way.  An  absolutely  uniform  measurement  can  only  be  obtained  if  the  wing 
is  flattened  against  the  rule  and  thus  stretched  to  its  fullest  extent.  By  having  the  same  birds 
measured  by  brother  (and  sister)  ornithologists  in  various  countries  I  have  proved  that  we  measure 
absolutely  equal,  while  no  uniformity  could  be  attained  by  measuring  "  the  natural  curve."  It  is 
also  desirable  to  have  a  small  brass  plate  fixed  at  a  right  angle  to  the  end  of  the  rule,  and  to  press 
the  wing  against  that  plate  ;  if  the  finger  is  used  to  hold  the  wing  in  its  position  at  the  end  of  the 
rule,  small  deviations  are  unavoidable. 


2(2  NOTITATES    ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV.     1917. 

2.  Porzana  Jusca  phaeopyga  Stejn. 
Porzana  phaeopyga  Stejneger,  Proc.  U.S.  Nat.  3Ius.  x.  p.  394  (1887 — Yayeyama,  Eiu-Kiu  Islands). 

Very  closely  allied  to  P.  /.  erythrothorax,  but  with  bills  as  a  rule  thicker 
and  longer,  the  rufous  colour  of  the  chest  perhaps  a  little  more  saturated. 

Stejneger's  description  is  not  in  agreement  wth  these  specimens.  They 
are  not  darker  op  the  upperside  than  Japanese  examples,  and  the  whitish  spotting 
of  the  first  primary  is  aberrational.  '  None  of  our  Riu-Kiu  specimens  shows 
this,  but  one  from  C'ej'lon  has  pale  rusty,  one  from  Java  whitish  spots  on  the 
outer  webs  of  the  first  primary.     Large  series  should  be  compared  ! 

Riu-Kiu  Islands  :    Yayeyama,  Amami,  Okinawa. 


3.  Porzana  fusca  bakeri,  subsp.  nov. 
Zapornia  fiammiceps  (sic)  Hodgson,  Gray's  Zool.  Misc.  p.  86  (1844 — N omen  nudum !  Nepal). 

As  already  pointed  out  by  Sharpe,  specimens  from  North  India  are  larger 
than  those  from  Ceylon  or  South  India  and  from  the  Philippine  Islands.  They 
are  nearly  and  sometimes  quite  as  large  as  P.  f.  erythrothorax,  but  the  rufous 
underside  is  deeper,  darker.  The  crown,  as  a  rule,  is  entirely  rufous.  Wing 
97-108  mm.,  once  110  mm. 

Type  :    ?  ad.,  Bhim-Tal,  Kumaon  20.  vi.     (Tring  Museum.) 

Northern  India  from  Kashmir  to  Cachar,  Upper  Assam  and  Burma,  south 
to  Calcutta.  Possibly  northern  birds  may  partially  move  south  in  winter, 
for  a  specimen  from  Patani,  Malay  Peninsula,  with  a  wing  of  1 1 1  mm.  can  hardly 
be  P.  f.  fusca,  which  is  evidently  resident  in  the  Malay  Peninsula  (Selangor). 

Named  after  my  friend  E.  C.  Stuart  Baker,  whom  I  first  met  in  Calcutta, 
twenty-nine  years  ago. 

This  form  is  common  in  Assam,  especially  near  Margherita.  Mr.  Baker 
gave  me  the  following  measurements  of  eggs  : 

31-8  X  23-6" 


308  X  24-2 
31-0  X  240 
310  X  23-6 
31-2  X  23-6 


30.  vii.  1905,  Margherita. 


30-2 

X 

22- 8' 

30-3 

X 

23-3 

30-2 

X 

23-2 

293 

X 

23-0 

30-4 

X 

23  0 

9  vii.  1907,  Margherita. 


31-8  X  22-5| 

31-0  X  23-3l28.v.  1905,  Margherita. 

33-5  X  21-8 


285  X  21-6 
28- 4  X  22- 2 


12.  vii.  1907,  Margherita. 


NOVITATBS   ZOOLOOIOAE   XXIV.    1917. 


2li 


30 

29 
29 
29 
29 

32 
30 
32 
30 
31 

29 
29 
29 
29 
29 

29 
29 
29 
29 
30 

32 

32 
31 
30 

28 
28 

36 


•8 

X 

22- 

•9 

X 

21- 

•2 

X 

21- 

6 

X 

22- 

•9 

X 

21- 

•5 

X 

23- 

•0 

X 

23- 

•1 

X 

22- 

•8 

X 

23- 

■8 

X 

23 

•8 

X 

23- 

•8 

X 

23- 

■2 

X 

23- 

4 

X 

22- 

(•4 

X 

23- 

■8 

X 

22- 

•2 

X 

22- 

•8 

X 

22- 

•9 

X 

22- 

•5 

X 

22- 

•6 

X 

22- 

>0 

X 

22' 

•8 

X 

22- 

■6 

X 

22' 

■8 

X 

23- 

!-3 

X 

22 

.0 

X 

24- 

15.  vi.  1902,  Margherita. 


15.  V.  1903,  Margherita. 


1  vi.  1903,  Margherita. 


16.  vii.  1893,  Silchar  in  Cachar. 


5.  i.  1898,  Sind  Valley,  Kashmir. 


4/ 


24.  viii.  1910,  Dacca. 


5    26.  vi.  1907,  Behar  (an  addled  egg). 


4.  Porzana  fusca  fusca  (L). 

Rallus  fuacua  Linnaeus,  Syst.  Nat.  ed.  xii.  i.  p.  262  (1766 — Philippines,  ex  Brisson). 

Colour  as  in  P.  j.  hakeri,  i.e.  the  whole  crown,  as  a  rule,  rufous,  and  its  tint 
as  well  as  that  of  the  underside  as  deep  and  bright  as  in  P.  /.  hakeri.  Size  much 
less,  wings  89-99  mm. 

This  form  inhabits  the  Philippine  Islands,  Celebes,  Java,  Christmas  Island, 
Borneo,  Sumatra,  and  the  JMalay  Peninsula.  Two  males  from  Flores  have  wings 
of  102  and  103  mm.  It  is  also  found  on  Ceylon  and  in  South  India,  where  it  is 
very  rare,  though  known  from  Kanara,  Travancore,  the  Wynaad,  and  Mysore. 
These  skins  appear  to  be  indistinguishable  from  PhiUppine  and  Malayan  ones  ; 
sometimes  they  are  on  the  upperside  more  yellowish,  less  ohve,  but  this  seems 
to  be  due  to  the  state  of  plumage.  It  is  not  the  only  case  that  Ceylon  forms 
are  more  related  to  Malayan  forms  than  to  those  of  India  ;  as  an  instance  I 
recall  the  case  of  Accipiter  virgatus  (cf.  Nov.  Zool.  1910,  p.  210). 

18 


274 


NOVITATES   ZOOLOOICAE   XXIV.    1917. 


It  is  a  mistake  to  suppose  that  Porzatui  fusca  is  a  winter  visitor  only  in 
Ceylon.  If  so,  it  would  surely  come  from  North  India  and  be  P.  fusca  hakcri. 
In  fact  it  nests,  though  locally  and  not  commonly,  in  South  India  and  Ceylon. 

Also  the  eggs  confirm  the  smaller  size  of  the  South  Indian  form.  Mr.  Baker 
sent  me  tlie  following  measurements  : 


28-4 

X 

21-5] 

290 

X 

220 

28-3 

X 

21-8 

28-6 

X 

22  2 

24.  vii.  1900,  Travancore. 


28-2 

X 

220] 

27-8 

X 

22-3 

28-4 

X 

22-2 

28-6 

X 

22'2 

28-4 

X 

22' 4 

20.  viii.  1889,  Karwar,  Kanara,  South  Bombay. 


29-5  X  22-5     25.  vii.  1903.     A  single  addled  egg. 


NOVITATES  ZOOLOOICAE  XXIV.    1917.  275 

NOTES   ON  GAME-BIRDS. 
By  ERNST   HARTERT,  Ph.D. 

I.    THE  GENERIC  NAME   OF  THE  RED-LEGGED   PARTRIDGES. 

CURIOUSLY  enough,  the.se  birds  have  hitherto  almost  universally  been 
called  "  Caccabis"  But  Kaup  (Skizzierte  Entwickelungs-Geschichte  und 
Natilrl.  Syst.  der  Europ.  Thierwelt,  1829)  gave  two  names  to  the  group  :  one, 
Alectoris,  on  p.  180  (andp.  193),  Monotype  A.  petrosa  =barbara  ;  another,  Caccabis, 
on  p.  183  (and  p.  194),  Monotype  C.  saxatilis.  We  must  undoubtedly  go  by  the 
strictest  priority,  and  accept  the  first  name.  Therefore,  as  Accipiter  palumbarius 
has  given  way  to  A.  gentilis  and  Anas  bosckas  to  .4.  platyrhyncha,  so  Caccabis 
must  be  replaced  by  Alectoris.  This  would  probably  have  been  done  before, 
if  in  the  Gat.  B.  xxii.  p.  110,  Caccabis  had  not  been  quoted  before  Alectoris, 
though  both  names  are  given  with  the  correct  pages.  In  Lists  of  synonyms 
the  first  name  should,  of  course,  always  be  placed  first,  even  if  the  author 
rejects  it. 

II.  THE  CORRECT  NAME  OF  THE  BARBARY  PARTRIDGE. 

While  Latham  and  Gmelin  did  not  identify  Edwards's  Barbary  Partridge 
and  Buffon's  Perdrix  de  Roche  ou  de  la  Gambra  as  one  and  the  same  bird — this 
blunder  was  apparently  first  committed  by  Temminck  in  Hist.  Nat.  Pigeons  et 
Gallin.  iii.  pp.  368,  369,  and  since  then  everybody  has  mixed  them  up — probably 
no  modern  ornithologist  has  read  Buffon's  description,  on  which  Gmelin's  name 
Tetrao  petrosus  was  based,  or  consulted  its  source. 

Gmelin,  Syst.  Nat.  i.  2,  p.  758,  gave  the  name  Tetrao  petrosus  solely  to 
Buffon's  Perdrix  de  Roche  ou  de  la  Gambra  (Buffon,  Hist.  Nat.  Ols.  ii.  p.  446). 
Now,  this  is  what  Butfon  wrote  : 

"  Cette  Perdrix  prend  son  nom  des  Ueux  ou  elle  a  ccutume  de  se  tenir  par 
preference  ;  elle  se  plait  comme  les  perdrix  rouges,  parmi  les  rochers  et  les 
precipices  :  sa  couleur  generale  est  un  brun  obscur,  et  elle  a  sur  la  poitrine  une 
tache  couleur  de  tabac  d'Espagne.  Au  reste,  ces  perdrix  se  rapprochent  encore 
de  la  perdrix  rouge  par  la  couleur  des  pieds,  du  bee  et  du  tour  des  yeux  ;  eUes 
sont  moins  grosses  que  les  notres,  et  r^troussent  la  queue  en  courant  ;  mais, 
comme  elles,  elles  courent  tres-vite,  et  ont  en  gros  la  meme  forme  ;  leur  chair 
est  excellente  "  (Voyez  Journal  de  Stibbs,  p.  287  ;  and  I'Abbe  Prevot,  tome  iii. 
p.  309).  , 

There  is  very  little  in  this  description  that  could  lead  one  to  believe  that 
the  Barbary  Partridge  was  meant  by  it;  no  mention  of  the  red,  white-spotted 
band  around  the  throat,  none  of  the  brightly  coloured  flank-feathers,  none  of 
the  red  tail,  and  the  size  being  less  than  that  of  our  partridges,  and  that  they 
erect  the  tail  when  running,  and  last,  but  not  least,  the  locality,  are  absolutely 
against  it.  But  let  us  see  what  Stibbs  himself  said.  In  Francis  Moore's 
Travels  into  the  Inland  Parts  of  Africa,  etc.,  to   which    is    added   Capt.  Stibbs" 


276  NOVTTATES   ZOOLOQICAI:   XXIV.    1917. 

Voyage  up  the  Gamhia  [formerly  often  called  Gambra],  in  the  Year  1723,  we 
find,  on  p.  287,  in  the  Captain's  "  Journal  of  a  Voyage  up  the  Gambia,"  * 
the  folloT\dng  : 

"  Thereabouts  are  great  Stocks  of  diverse  Sorts  of  Game,  particularly  Rock 
Partridges  :  I  call  them  so,  as  being  mostly  amongst  Rocks  and  Precipices. 
They  are  of  a  dark-speckled  Colour,  having  a  round  Snufi'-colour'd  Spot  on 
the  Breast  about  as  big  as  a  Half-Crown,  the  Legs  and  Beak  are  red,  as  also  a 
Circle  about  the  Eyes,  just  as  some  Pigeons  have  ;  they  are  not  altogether  no 
big  as  Partridges,  but  in  Shape  exactly  like  them  and  run  as  fast,  only  then 
this  erects  the  Tail,  and  appears  like  a  large  Chicken.  They  are  exceeding 
fine  Meat,  but  difficult  to  kill." 

First  of  all,  we  must  consider  where  Stibbs  obtained  these  birds :  Not 
far  from  Barrucunda,  about  two  degrees  of  longitude  up  the  river,  many  days 
inland,  under  about  14°  long.  west.  It  is  quite  clear  that  no  Alectoris  (Caccahis) 
is  found  there.  Then  the  "  dark-speckled  Colour  "  disagrees  (Bufion  left  out 
the  important  "  speckled  "),  the  spot  on  the  breast  is  only  the  size  of  a  "  half- 
crown  "  (in  Alectoris  barbara  it  is  much  larger),  the  size  of  the  bird  itself  is  con- 
siderably less  than  that  of  a  Partridge  (while  A.  barbara  is  not),  and,  last  but 
not  least,  it  erects  its  tail  when  running  !  No  Partridge  does  this,  but  the 
African  Ptilopachus  fuscus  (Vieill.)  does  it,  and,  in  fact,  there  can  be  no  doubt 
this  is  the  bird  described  by  Stibbs,  and  which  GmeHn  called  Tetrao  petrostcs, 
the  dark  speckled  plumage,  the  light  brown  patch  on  the  breast,  red  feet,  beak, 
and  circle  round  eyes,  approximate  size,  the  habit  of  running  with  tail  erect, 
and  the  locality,  all  agreeing  with  it,  so  that  the  name  Ptilopachus  petroaus 
will  have  to  take  the  place  of  that  of  P.  fuscus. 

Fortunately,  another  name  is  available  for  the  Barbar}'  Partridge.  Bonna- 
terre  {Ta^l.  Encycl.  et  Meth.  i.  p.  208  (1791))  called  it  "  Perdix  Barbara."  This 
was  taken  from  Edwards,  Nat.  Hist.  B.  ii.  p.  70,  pi.  70  (1747).  Edwards  called 
the  bird  "  The  Red-legged  Partridge  from  Barbary,"  and  figured  and  described 
a  dark  bird.  He  saj's  :  "  A  pair  of  these  birds  were  sent  to  me  alive  by  my 
good  friend  Mr.  Thomas  Rawlings,  Merchant,  residing  at  Santa  Cruz,  in  that 
part  of  Barbary  which  lies  without  the  Streights  of  Gibraltar,  on  the  Atlantic 
Ocean."  We  have  thus  a  definite  locality,  but  which  "  Santa  Cruz  "  can  this 
have  been  ?  It  is  not  the  old  Spanish  fort  of  Santa  Cruz  near  Oran,  and  I  doubt 
if  at  that  time  (though  some  portions  of  "  Barbary  "  were  safer  then  than 
afterwards)  Englishmen  resided  at  the  present  Agadir  (formerly  Santa  Cruz 
de  Berberia),  or  at  Hini,  stUl  farther  south,  formerly  called  Santa  Cruz  de  Mar 
Pequeiia).  Santa  Cruz  being  a  very  frequent  place,  Edwards's  place  of  that 
name  was  probably  in, North  Marocco,  not  very  far  from  the  Straits  of  Gibraltar. 
In  any  case,  the  name  barbara  is  doubtless  applicable  to  the  dark  North 
African  Barbary  Partridge.     Its  name  will  therefore  henceforth  be : 

Alectoris  barbara  barbara  (Bonn.). 

It  inhabits  Tunisia,  Algeria,  and  Marocco  from  Tangiers  to  the  southern  Atlas. 
In  Tunisia  it  is  found  in  the  north  of  the  Atlas,  in  Algeria  also,  and  on  the  Hauts 

•  A   translation  is  also  found  in  Arkstee  &  Markus,  Allgem.  Historic  der  Beisen^  iii.  p.  78, 
1784,  but  it  is  not  quite  complete,  the — to  the  translator — less  important  sentences  being  left  out. 


NOVTTATES    ZOOLOOICAE   XXIV.     1917.  277 

Plateaux  here  and  there  in  suitable  places  ;  we  have  traced  it  as  far  south  as 
Laghouat.  In  West  Algeria  we  have  not  come  across  any  Barbary  Partridges, 
except  once  on  the  Djebel  Murdjadjo  near  Oran,  where  we  could  not  shoot 
them.     (Also  in  Sardinia  !) 

In  Algeria  and  Tunisia,  south  of  the  Atlas,  A.  b.  harbara  is  represented  by 
the  very  much  paler  A.  b.  spatzi.  Of  Marocco  south  of  the  Atlas  we  have  no 
ornithological  knowledge  whatever. 

On  the  islands  of  Tenerife,  Gomera,  and  Lanzarote  a  strikingly  more  greyish 
form,  A.  b.  koenigi,  occurs. 


III.  THE  FORMS  OF  THE  GREEK  PARTRIDGE. 

In  the  Catalogue  of  Birds,  xxii.  (1893),  Mr.  Ogilvie-Grant  was  ".satisfied 
that  it  is  impossible  to  distinguish  more  than  one  subspecies  of  0.  saxatilis," 
and  he  thus  had  only  one  in  Europe,  "  Cacmhis  saxatilis"  and  another  from 
Greece  to  China  which  he  called  "  Caccabis  chukar."  Under  the  latter  name 
he  comprises  all  forms  with  the  lores  white  and  the  ear-coverts  chestnut,  the 
throat  being  more  or  less  buff.     The  distribution  is  given  as  follows  : 

"  0.  saxatilis.  Mountains  of  Europe  :  Eastern  Pyrenees,  Alps,  Carpathians, 
Apennines,  and  Balltans,  also  Sicily.  (It  is  doubtful  if  this  bird  is  the  species 
found  in   Greece.) 

"  C.  chukar.  Ranging  in  the  west  to  the  Ionian  Islands  (and  perhaps 
found  on  the  mainland  of  Greece),  in  the  east  to  China,  in  the  north  to  Mongolia 
and  Turkestan,  and  in  the  south  to  the  Persian  Gulf  and  apparently  to  Aden 
(C.  aremrius  Hume).     Island  of  St.  Helena  (introduced)." 

This  supposed  distribution  requires  considerable  alteration,  apart  from  the 
fact  that  nowadays  even  Mr.  Ogilvie-Grant  ^\-ould  not  lump  all  the  Asiatic 
forms,  i.e.  the  "  c/miar-group." 

First  of  all  we  must  consider  the  specific  name,  and  that  is  graeca,  not 
saxatilis.  Dr.  Richmond  in  Washington  called  my  attention  to  the  fact  that 
Meisner,  Syst.  Verz.  der  Vog.  welche  die  Schweiz  bewohnen,  p.  41,  1804,  gave  the 
name  Perdix  graeca  to  the  bird  figured  on  Daubenton's  PI.  Enl.  231,  which  must 
have  been  a  Greek  specimen,  as  Buffon  in  his  text  only  talks  of  Greece,  the 
C4reek  Islands  and  Cyprus,  and  not  of  the  Alps  at  all,  as  the  habitat  of  the 
"  Bartavelle  ou  Perdrix  Grecque."  Meisner,  of  course,  beUeved  that  the  Swiss 
birds  were  the  same  as  those  inhabiting  Greece,  but  that  was  not  a  very  great 
mistake,  as  the  two  forms  are  very  closely  allied  and  have  only  quite  recently 
been  separated.  I  beheve  Othmar  Reiser  (Ornis  Balcanica.  iii.  pp.  411,  412) 
was  the  first  to  call  attention  to  their  difierences  ;  the  fact  is  that  the  Alpine 
bird,  which  must  be  called  Alectoris  graeca  saxatilis,  is,  on  the  upperside,  less 
brightly  coloured,  the  grey  more  tinged  with  yellowsh  brown,  the  interscapulium 
less  reddish,  duller,  while  in  A.  graeca  graeca  the  upper  surface  is  brighter,  the 
colours  purer,  the  interscapulium  more  reddish,  brighter,  the  edges  to  the  sca- 
pulars, rump,  and  upper  tail-coverts  purer  ash-grey,  almost  or  quite  without 
the  dull  brownish  wash  of  A.  g.  saxatilis. 

A.  g.  saxatilis  inhabits  the  Alpine  region  from  Savoy  to  Styria,  but  is  absent 
from  the  Jura  ;    probably  the  birds  from  the  Carpathians  (Galicia,  Bukowina) 


278  NOTITATES    ZOOLOOICAE    XXIV.     1917. 

and  the  "  Krasso-Szorenyer  Komitat "  in  South-east  Hungary  also  belong  to 
the  Alpine  form,  but  I  have  not  examined  specimens  from  there. 

A.  g.  graeca  inhabits  Greece  (mainland)  and  the  Ionian  Islands  (west  of 
Greece),  Macedonia,  Albania,  and  ranges  westwards  to  Montenegro,  the  Herzego- 
vina and  Bosnia  to  Dalmatia,  evidently  to  the  Karst.  I  have  examined  a  few 
Italian  specimens,  and  I  consider  that  they  too,  and  therefore,  I  should  say, 
also  the  few  that  have  survived,  so  far,  in  Sicily,  and  those  formerly  found  on 
Elba,  belong  to  the  south-eastern  form.  Mr.  Ogilvie-Grant  had  unfortunately 
not  a  single  skin  from  Greece,  and  the  one  from  Zante  which  he  believed  to  be 
a  "  chukar  "  is  certainly  a  graeca.  Though  at  present  apparently  not  found  on 
Zante,  A.  g.  graeca  still  occurs  on  other  Ionian  Islands. 

Forms  of  the  chukar-gvoup  occur  west^\•ards  to  Asia  Minor.  Rhodes,  Cj'prus, 
and,  curiously  enough,  to  the  Cj'clades  and  Northern  Sporades,  which,  unUke 
Cyprus  and  Rhodes,  wliich  belong  to  Asia  Minor,  belong  geographically  to 
Greece. 

The  form  from  Cyprus,  of  which  I  have  examined  a  fine  series,  mostly  col- 
lected by  Glaszner,  differs  from  all  named  forms.  It  is  nearest  to  A.  g.  koroviakovi 
and  falki,  but  the  upperside  is  duller,  the  hind-neck  darker  grey,  back  more 
reddish,  and  especially  the  crown  of  the  head  is  darker,  often  almost  quite  dark 
blue-grey  without  brown,  or  with  only  a  faint  brown  tinge.  It  is  not  so  dark 
as  A.  g.  chukar,  and  the  crown  is  less  brown.  Wings  :  males,  162-169  mm.  ; 
females,  153-157  mm.     I  name  the  Cyprus  race: 

Alectoris  graeca  Cypriotes  subsp.  nov. 

Tj'pe:  (Jad.,  Galata,  Cyprus,  21.iii.  1906.  Ch.  Glaszner  leg.  (In  the  Tring 
Museum.) 

I  have  compared  some  specimens  from  Asia  ]\Iinor  (Smyrna,  Eregli,  Taurus) 
and  Rhodes  ;  some  of  these  agree  \\ell  with  the  Cyprus  form,  others  are  (espe- 
cially on  the  rump)  more  brownish.  I  must,  provisionally,  unite  these  with 
A.  g.  Cypriotes,  but  I  am  not  sure  if,  when  a  good  series  from  similar  months  of 
the  year  is  compared,  they  cannot  be  again  separated. 

A  great  uncertainty  prevails  about  the  Greek  Partridges  inhabiting  Palestine 
and  the  neighbouring  countries.  A  specimen  from  Moab,  east  of  the  southern 
part  of  the  Dead  Sea,  is  very  pale  and  belongs  probably  to  the  Sinai  form  (sinaica 
Bp.),  of  which  I  have,  unfortunately,  not  been  able  to  compare  examples.  Also 
two  skins  in  the  British  Museum,  collected  during  the  last  third  of  j\Iarch  near 
Karyatein  (not  Kuryatein  !)  in  the  northern  Syrian  desert,  on  the  road  to  Palmyra, 
are  very  pale,  very  near  to  pallida,  but  more  reddish.  Do  they  perhaps  also 
belong  to  sinaica  ? 

Two  specimens  from  Engeddi  (west  of  the  Dead  Sea)  and  from  the  "  hills 
of  Judaea  "  are  also  very  reddish,  reminding  one  strongly  of  pubescens  ;  they  agree 
somewhat  with  the  description  of  Caccabis  chukar,  var.  margaritae  Dawydoff 
(Travaux  Soc.  Imp.  Nat.  St.  Petersbourg,  xxix.  livr.  1898,  pp.  57-63  (Russian), 
p.  86  (German  digest)),  but  Dawj'doff  says  that  the  crown  is  pure  grey  !  This  is 
not  the  case  with  the  Engeddi  and  Judaea  skins,  which  have  the  middle  of  the 
crown  reddish  brown.  I  know  only  one  subspecies  with  a  pure  grey  crown, 
and  that  is  werae,  described  from  South-west  Persia.  Specimens  from  El 
Bussah  and  Hule  in  the  Tristram  Collection  are  again  a  shade  darker  than  those 


NOVITATES    ZOOLOOICAE    XXIV.     1917.  279 

from  Engeddi  and  Judaea.  Dawydoff  says  that  in  Western  Palestine,  his  mar- 
garitae  is  replaced  by  sinaica  !  The  question  is  if  that  is  correct — most  likely 
the  author  had  not  compared  Sinai  specimens  ;  he  adds  that  margaritae  is  larger 
than  sinaica  and  darker  on  the  back,  but  that  it  differs  from  "  chukar  "  (by 
which  he  probably  meant  falki  or  koroviakovi)  by  the  pure  grey  crown  and  wide 
white  stripes  under  the  eyebrows,  which  extend  over  the  greater  part  of  the 
vertex. 

This  margaritae  is  said  to  live  quite  isolated  in  the  southern  part  of  the 
depression  called  El  Ghor,  and  especially  on  the  shores  of  the  Dead  Sea  (the 
northern  part  is  meant,  no  doubt,  not  the  Ghor  south  of  the  Dead  Sea). 

Alectoris  graeca  toerae  is  the  large,  very  pale  form,  with  pure  grey  crown, 
which  inhabits  the  Persian  provinces  of  Luristan,  Arabistan  (Chusistan),  and 
Farsistan,  also  Bushire.  Judging  fjom  two  very  worn  summer  specimens  from 
Mesopotamia,  it  would  seem  that  they,  too,  belong  to  werae,  and  if  that  is  so,  it 
miglit  even  extend  further  ( '.  '.    into  Palestine). 

Alectoris  graeca  koroviakovi  was  described  by  Zamdny  under  the  name 
of  Caccabis  kakelik  koroviakovi  {I)  in  Messager  Orn.  1914,  p.  55,  in  Russian! 
In  this  same  article  (pp.  54,  57,  59)  Zamdny  renames  Hume's  Caccabis  paUidus 
and  calls  it  Caccabis  kakelik  humei,  becau.se  Naumann,  in  1S33,  had  called  a 
pale  variety  of  the  Red-legged  Partridge  "  Perdix  rubra  pallida."  This,  how- 
ever, is  no  reason  for  the  rejection  of  that  name,  as  Naumann's  names  of  aberra- 
tions have  no  nomenclatorial  standing.  Not  only  are  names  given  to  aberra- 
tions not  considered  in  the  Code  of  Nomenclature,  but  it  is  especially  clear  that 
Naumann  did  not  consider  his  names  as  of  nomenclatorial  value,  because  he 
used  the  same  names  (such  as  albus,  candidus,  varius,  pallidus,  luteus)  over  and 
over  again  in  species  after  species  in  the  same  genus  for  white,  white-spotted, 
pale,  or  yellowish  aberrations.  Buturlin  and  Zamdny  call  the  species  "  kakelik." 
This  name  was  given  by  Falk  (not  Falck)  in  Beytrdge  zur  topogr.  Kenntn.  d.  Russ. 
Reichs,  iii.  p.  390  (1786).  The  whole  description  is  :  "  Schreit  bestandig  kakelik. 
Grosse  einer  Kropftaube,  Schnabel,  Augenbrauen  und  Fiisse  brenned  roth,  Brust 
grau,  Rucken  von  weiss  und  grau  gewassert.  Bucharey,  Chiwa,  Soongarey." 
This  description  is  certainly  quite  insufficient  to  identify  the  species.  No  doubt 
the  bird  calls  "kakelik,"  but  the  description  of  the  cry  is  not  diagnostic,  and, 
no  mention  being  made  of  the  black  circle  round  the  throat,  none  of  the  most 
striking  coloration  of  the  sides,  and  the  back  not  being  waved  white  and  grey, 
the  name  is  unacceptable. 

Now  as  regards  the  name  koroviakovi.  This  name  was  given  to  specimens 
from  Eastern  Persia  (except  Khorassan),  from  the  Birdjand  Mountains  to  Per- 
sian Baluchistan.  From  the  somewhat  conversational  and  lengthy  description 
(in  Russian  !)  the  following  description  can  be  extracted  :  It  does  not  belong  to 
the  pale  forms  (what  is  meant  is,  such  as  werae,  pallida,  and  sinaica).  "  It  is 
decidedly  darker  and  more  strongly  pigmented  than  the  Khorassan  and  Trans- 
caspian,"  and  the  "  brightness  of  colouring  is  also  superior  to  most  of  the  repre- 
sentatives of  the  larger  C.  kakelik  kakelik  from  Russian  Turkestan.  It  is  specially 
remarkable  for  the  strong  development  of  a  chestnut-brown  colour  along  the 
middle  of  the  upper  part  of  the  head  and  a  deep  pink-red-brown  colour  of  the 
forepart  of  the  back."  Besides  the  coloration,  the  small  size  of  koroviakovi  is 
remarkable. 

These  statements  of  Zarudny  are  correct.     Compared  with  Alectoris  graeca 


280  NOVITATES   ZOOLOOIOAE   XXIV.    1917. 

ehukar  from  the  Indian  hill.s,  koroviakovi  is  distinctly  lighter  and  brighter  in 
colour,  the  breast  of  a  somewhat  lighter  grey.  Wings,  <J  144-156  mm.,  once 
163  mm.,  ?  140-148  mm. 

It  is  true  that  the  birds  from  Russian  Turkestan,  Buchara,  and  Transcaspia 
are  not  the  same  ;  they  are  larger,  the  colour  is  less  bright,  not  so  reddi.sh,  and 
they  appear  therefore  to  me  duller,  generally  darker,  though  not  so  dark  and 
dull  as  ehukar.  Wings,  <J  and  $  150-172  mm.  I  think  that  the  birds  from 
Northern  Khorassan  are  the  same  too,  and  probably  also  those  from  North 
Persia  south  of  the  Caspian,  but  Zarudny  evidently  thinks  that  they  are  different 
again.  It  is  thi.s  bird  (the  one  from  Russian  Turkestan  and  Buchara)  which 
Zarudny  calls  "  kakelik"  and  it  is  the  one  which  probably  Falk  meant  to 
describe.    I  therefore  call  it : 

Alectoris  graeca  falki  subsp.  nov. 

Type  :  <J  ad.,  near  Przewalsk,  east  of  Lake  Issik  Kul,  in  Russian  Turkestan, 
26.  xi.  1901,  collected  by  Kutzenko.     (Tring  Museum.) 

In  the  Russian  (Moscow)  journal  Messager  Ornithologique,  1914.  p.  59, 
Zarudny  also  described  another  form,  which  he  called  '"  Caccabis  kakelik  sub- 
pallidus,"  and  which  I  call  Alectoris  graeca  subpallida  (Zar.).  According  to  the 
author  this  form  is  quite  different  from  "  Caccabis  kakelik  kakelik" — my  Alectoris 
graeca  falki,  which  belongs  to  the  "dark  forms" — and  belongs  to  the  "pale 
forms."  Zarudny — evidently  only  from  the  descriptions  of  pallida,  without 
having  seen  specimens — -comes  to  the  conclusion  that  his  birds  diSer  from  pallida 
(his  "  humei  ")  in  being  smaller,  five  males  having  wings  of  161-165mm.,  fourteen 
females  wings  of  148-157  mm.  This  form  inhabits  the  hills  of  the  desert  of 
Kysyl  Kum,  west  of  Semiretchyensk  and  north  of  Buchara,  and  those  of  Southern 
Buchara,  between  the  Rivers  Surchan  and  Kafirnagan,  Wachsch  and  Pjandj. 
Birds  from  those  hills  were  united  by  Bianchi  with  his  pallescens,  with  which  he 
also  associated  Hume's  pallida.  Bianchi  was  evidently  not  far  wrong  in  doing 
this,  because  the  types  of  pallescens  and  pallida  are  very  similar  to  each  other, 
though  the  latter  appears  to  be  still  a  bit  lighter,  and  the  rump  not  so  grej'ish, 
but  as  the  birds  are  in  very  worn  plumage,  this  cannot  decide  anything.  While 
true  "pallida"  is  the  bird  of  Eastern  Turkestan,  being  found  in  Karakash, 
Yarkand,  the  Ru.ssian  Chain  (Kwen-Lun)  to  the  Pamir,  the  distribution  of 
the  birds  which  Hume  called  pallescens  is  somewhat  difficult  to  explain. 
They  were  found  at  Leh,  Ak  Masjid  and  Karbu  in  Ladak  and  Cashmere, 
but  are  not  the  form  inhabiting  Cashmere  generally,  for  nearly  all  over  that 
country  we  find  birds  which  do  not  differ  from  typical  ehukar.  even  at  C4ilgit  and 
as  far  east  as  Kohat  (Whitehead).  I  therefore  believe  that  the  pale  form  of 
East  Turkestan  ranges  over  the  border  into  and  over  the  Karakorum  Mountains 
into  a  few  highly  elevated  districts  of  Cashmere  (Ladak),  and  that  Bianchi  was 
correct  in  uniting  pallida  and  pallescens — -the  latter,  unfortunately,  being  the 
first  name,  according  to  page-priority.  In  any  case  Sharpe  was  wrong  when 
he  {Scientif.  Res.  Second.  Yarkand  Mission,  Aves,  p.  121,  1891)  separated 
"  pallida  "  as  a  species  and  united  "  pallescens  "  with  ehukar  ! 

Alectoris  graeca  pubescens  (Swinhoe). — This  is  a  somewhat  variable  form  ; 
the  characteristic  vinous  tinge  is  strongly  developed  in  some,  less  so  in  others, 
and  even  from  the  same  localities.     I  am  by  no  means  certain  that  Altai  speci- 


NOVITATES    ZOOLOQICAE    XXIV.    1917.  281 

mens  belong  to  pM6escews,  though  Bianchi  gives  its  distribution  as  "  North- 
western MongoHa  and  Altai  and  mountain  regions  of  the  middle  and  lower 
Yellow  River  up  to  the  PeehiMski  Bay."  A  skin  from  the  Gobi  Desert  in  the 
British  Museum  looks  more  like  chukar  than  like  pubescens. 

IV.  AMMOPERDIX. 

The  Catalogue  of  Birds  recognises  two  species,  A.  heyi  and  bonhami.  Later  on 
Mr.  Ogilvie-Grant  described  A.  cholmleyi  from  North-east  Africa,  and  Zarudny 
separated  two  forms  of  bonhami — i.e.  Ammoperdix  bonha7ni  biicharensis  from 
Buchara  and  A.  b.  ter-meuleni  from  Arabistan. 

A.  cholmleyi  was  described  in  The  Handbook  Game-B.  ii.  p.  293  (1897), 
as  inhabiting  "  Egypt  and  Nubia,"  Init  the  types  came  from  the  Erba  Mountains 
near  8uakim.  It  was  said  that  cholmleyi  is  darker  on  the  upperside  and  lacks 
entirely  the  white  forehead  and  lores  characteristic  of  A.  heyi.  This  is  perfectly 
correct,  and  cholmleyi  must  be  considered  a  good  subspecies  of  heyi.  Curiously 
enough,  both  Mr.  Louis  Bonhote  and  Michael  Nicoll  objected  to  cholmleyi  because 
they  had  seen,  in  the  Tring  Museum,  a  Palestine  specimen  without  the  white 
lores  and  forehead.  It  is  very  curious  that  Mr.  Nicoll  calls  the  bird  A.  heyi 
heyi,  though  he  admits  that  he  has  not  seen  an  Egyptian  male  with  a  white 
forehead  and  that  they  are  all  darker  than  A.  h.  heyi.  Mr.  Nicoll  talks  of  several 
A.  heyi  heyi  without  a  white  forehead,  but  probably  this  is  a  slip.  All  I  can 
find  out  is  that  :  North-east  African  (Suakim,  Nubia,  Egypt  north  to  Heluan) 
specimens  are  darker  on  the  upperside  and  under-surface  (both  males  and  females), 
and  that  the  males  have  no  white  lores  or  forehead,  that  S  A.  h.  heyi  (from 
South  Palestine  to  Sinai)  are  paler  and  have  two  white  loral  spots,  more  or  less 
distinctly  connected  by  a  white  frontal  line  with  the  exception  of  one  from  the 
Wadi-Kelt  (where  other  males  have  the  white  lores  and  frontal  line)  which  has 
neither  white  loral  spots  nor  frontal  hne  !  ;  the  Wadi  Kelt  birds,  however,  are 
quite  as  light-coloured  as  other  typical  A.  h.  heyi.  The  females  of  cholmleyi  are 
also  darker  than  those  of  A.  h.  heyi,  and  in  fact  like  some  of  "  A.  bo7ihami." 

Unfortunately  the  latter  species  must  no  longer  be  called  bonhami  but 
griseogularis.  That  name,  "  Perdix  griseogularis,"  was  published  April  24, 
1843,  the  description  of  ^' Caccabis  Bonhami"  by  Gray  in  May  1843,  that  of 
"  Perdix  Bonhami "  by  Eraser  not  before  November  cf  the  same  year. 

Zarudny  (Orn.  Monatsber,  1911,  p.  83)  described  ^^  Ammoperdix  bonhami 
bucharejisis "  from  Buchara,  but  I  cannot  admit  this  .supposed  subspecies,  as 
the  alleged  differences  are,  in  my  opinion,  individual,  and  specimens  from  Buchara 
which  I  examined  are  not  smaller  and  agree  in  every  way  with  tjrpical  griseo- 
gularis. 

Zarudny  and  Loudon  (Om.  Jahrb.  1904,  p.  226)  described  also  an  A.  bonhami 
ter-meideni  from  Arabistan.  According  to  their  description  the  upperside  is 
much  more  rusty,  the  back  with  a  vinous  tinge,  so  that  the  grey  colour  almost 
disappears,  the  crown  has  a  distinct  vinous  tinge,  the  light  spots  on  the  sides 
of  the  neck  are  "  nearly  always  "  strongly  rusty. 

This  description  sounds  quite  convincing,  and  we  are  accustomed  to  paler 
and  more  sandy  forms  in  Arabistan.  On  the  other  hand,  specimens  from  Bushire 
and  furtrher  inland  in  Farsistan  (Witherby  coll.)  are  so  very  little  more  sandy  oil 
the  head  and  back  than  typical  griseogularis  in  very  fresh  plumage,  in  fact  one 


282  NOTITATES    ZOOLOOICAE    XXIV.    1917. 

from  the  Salt  Range  in  North-west  India  and  another  from  Kandahar  are  not 
distinguishable  from  those  of  Farsistan,  so  that  I  think  this  ter-meuleni  requires 
confirmation,  unless  it  is  quite  restricted  to  Arabistan. 

In  the  Catalogue  of  Birds,  xxii.  p.  126,  the  distribution  of  heyi,  as  I  have 
said  above,  includes  that  of  cholmleyi,  and,  moreover,  it  is  said  to  extend  "  east- 
wards to  Muscat,  Persian  Gulf."  That  is  a  rather  sweeping  statement,  for 
nothing  was  then  kno^wi  of  any  Ammoperdix  between  the  west  coast  of  the 
Red  Sea  and  Sinai  and  Muscat,  though  Riippell,  in  1845.  said  that  his  Jieyi 
occurred  also  at  Djedda.  Therefore  the  isolated  occurrence  at  Muscat  was 
remarkable  and  gave  rise  to  doubts  of  its  identity  with  the  other  subspecies. 
Now  several  specimens  are  in  the  British  Museum  from  Muscat.  Mr.  Bury 
found  some  near  Timil  in  South  Arabia,  and  a  female  has  been  obtained  near 
Lahej,  north  of  Aden.  One  may  therefore  say  that  an  Ammoperdix  ranges  from 
Lahej  (Aden)  to  Muscat.  This  form,  however,  is  neither  A.  h.  heyi  nor  A.  h. 
cholmleyi.  The  males  agree  with  the  latter  in  coloration,  but  have  the  two  white 
loral  patches,  more  or  less  completely  connected  by  a  white  line.  The  ?  is  like 
those  of  A.  h.  cholmleyi.     Wings  of  the  males,  125-129  mm. 

I  name  this  form : 

Ammoperdix  heyi  intermedia  subsp.  nov. 

Type  (in  the  British  Museum),  S  ad.  Timil,  South  Arabia,  Bury  coll. 
I  therefore  distinguish  the  following  forms  of  Ammoperdix  : 

1.  A.  heyi  heyi  (Temm.),   1825  :    Sinai  Peninsula  north  to  the  Dead  Sea 

and  ravines  of  the  Jordan  Valley. 

2.  A.  heyi  cholmleyi  0. -Grant,  1897  :  western  shore  of  the  Red  Sea,  Nubia, 

Egypt  north  to  Heluan  (Wadi  Hof). 

3.  A.  heyi  intermedia  Hart.,  1917  :    South  Arabia. 

4.  A.    griseogularis   griseogularis    (Brandt),   April    1843  :     Greater  part   of 

Persia,  west  to  Birejik  and  Kum-Kale  on  the  Euphrates,  north  to 
Transcaspia  and  Buchara,  Afghanistan,  Baluchistan  to  Sind  and  the 
Indus,  and  across  the  Indus  Valley  to  the  Khariar  Hills  and  Salt  Range 
in  the  Punjab. 

5.  A.  griseogularis  ter-meuleni  Zar.  and  Loud.,   1904:  Arabistan  ;  distribu- 

tion and  constancy  of  differences  require  confirmation. 


V.  FORMS  OF  PERDIX   PERDIX. 

The  "  Grey  Partridge  "  being  distributed  over  neariy  the  whole  of  Europe 
and  large  parts  of  Western  Asia,  and  not  a  migratory,  but  an  entirely  or  almost 
entirely  sedentary  bird,  might  a  priori  be  expected  to  form  a  number  of  local 
races.  This  expectation  is  realised,  though  not  to  such  an  extent  as  one  might 
have  thought.  In  the  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.  xxii.  no  subspecies  were  recognised, 
nor  could  the  author  be  expected  to  describe  any,  as  the  series  in  the  British 
Museum  was  then  very  poor  and  deficient  in  nearly  all  the  most  striking  forms, 
and  even  now  it  is  poor  ;  for  example,  there  is  only  one  specimen  of  the  Spanish 
Grey  Partridge,  not  a  single  one  from  Italy,  none  from  Brittany  or  Normandy, 


NOVITATES   ZOOLOGICAE   XXIV.    1917.  283 

only  one  from  Asia  Slinor,  and  liardly  any,  certainly  not  enough  to  draw  con- 
clusions from,  from  the  rest  of  Asia.  With  regard  to  the  latter,  we  are  just 
as  hopeless  in  the  Tring  Museum,  but  fortunately  we  have  brought  together 
some  Pyrenean  and  a  series  of  Italian  examples,  and  others  of  value  for  the 
study  of  local  races. 

The  Partridge  inhabiting  the  higher  elevations  of  the  Pyrenees  and  Northern 
Spain  has  been  fully  dealt  with  in  the  Proceedings  of  the  Fourth  Ornithological 
Congress  (London  and  Tring,  1905)  by  Professor  Dr.  Louis  Bureau.  I  need 
not,  therefore,  here  dwell  on  its  differences  and  distribution,  and  \\\\\  only  say 
that  it  is  a  very  distinct  subspecies. 

Comparing  a  series  of  Italian  Partridges  I  was  not  a  little  surprised  to  find 
that  they  differed  at  a  glance  from  the  Central  European  Perdix  perdix  perdix 
and  so  closely  resembled  the  Pyrenean  P.  perdix  hispaniensis  ( =  charrela)  that 
at  first  they  seemed  to  be  practically  indistinguishable.  A  more  careful  com- 
parison showed  that  they  differed  from  the  latter  as  follows  : 

In  both  sexes  the  upperside  is  less  dark  and  distinctly  more  brownish  ; 
jugulum  and  chest  not  so  dark  grey  ;  the  horse-shoe  mark  in  the  male  (and 
when  present  in  the  female)  not  blackish  brown  but  chestnut  as  in  normal  P.  p 
perdix.  The  c?  differs  from  P.  p.  perdix  chiefly  by  the  less  rusty  or  rufous  upper- 
side,  especially  dark  brown  instead  of  rufous  cross-bars  on  the  rump,  and  much 
darker,  less  reddish  brown  spots  on  the  upper  wng-coverts.  The  females, 
because  of  their  coarser  markings  with  the  wider  light  shaft-lines  and  spots, 
look  rather  different  from  females  of  P.  p.  perdix.  Wings,  ij  155-159  mm.,  9 
152-158-5  mm. 

I  name  this  form  : 

Perdix  perdix  italica  subsp.  nov. 

Type:  (J  ad.,  near  Chianti,  20.  i.  1905.  In  the  Tring  Museum  fourteen 
specimens,  compared  with  nine  of  P.  p.  hispaniensis  and  a  large  series  of  P.  p. 
perdix. 

Another  very  striking  Partridge  is  the  one  inhabiting  the  hills  of  Brittany 
and  Normandy,  the  so-called  "armorican  massive."  It  has  been  described  by 
Bureau  in  the  very  excellent  and  thorough  article  on  the  Pyrenean  Partridge  in 
The  Proceedings  of  the  Fourth  International  Ornithol.  Congress,  pp.  497,  498. 
Its  upperside  is  so  entirely  rufous  brown  that  the  grey  ground-colour  has  quite 
disappeared  and  is  only  visible  at  the  utmost  bases  when  one  lifts  the  feathers. 
The  chest  is  washed  with  rufous.  The  horse-shoe  of  the  male  is  of  a  darker 
chestnut  than  in  normal  P.  p.  perdix.  Wing,  <J  153,  $  152  mm.,  but  according 
to  Bureau  the  wing  of  the  male  sometimes  to  165  mm. 

Professor  Bureau  did  not  name  this  form  because,  on  account  of  the  absence 
of  a  zone  in  which  no  Perdix  is  found  (as  in  the  case  of  hispaniensis,  the  area  of 
which  is  separated  from  the  regions  inhabited  by  P.  p.  perdix  by  the  "  Midi  de 
France,"  where  only  Caccabis  occurs)  separating  it  from  its  neighbour,  P.  p. 
perdix,  the  absence  of  mountain-ranges  or  seas,  etc.,  forming  a  sharp  boundary, 
and  the  consequent  occurrence  of  intermediate  specimens  in  the  stretches  along 
the  boundary  of  the  two  races.  On  the  other  hand,  he  admits  that  an  ornith- 
ologist's eye  cannot  confound  them  with  the  Common  Partridge.  Reading 
his  remarks  I  cannot  hesitate,  though  I  have  examined  only  one  adult  male 


284  NOVITATES    ZOOLOQICAE   XXIV.     1917. 

and  female  of  this  race,    to  name  this  .subspecies,  and  I  propose  for  it  the 
name  : 

Perdix  perdix  armoricana  subsp.  nov. 

Type:   (J  ad.,  Riaille,  Loire  Inferieure,  October  1900.     Received,  with  its 
female,  from  Dr.  L.  Bureau.     /Tring  Museum.) 

The  other  races  of  Perdix  perdix  will  be  discussed  in  one  of  the  forthcoming 
parts  of  my  book  on  the  palaearctic  birds — -inshallali. 


VI.    THE  CORRECT  NAMES    OF  THE   "BLACK-BELLIED    SANDGROUSE " 
AND  THE   "COMMON  FRANCOLIN." 

These  two  species  have  been  called  "  Pterocles  arenarius  "  and  "  FrancoUnus 
francolinus  "  in  the  Catalogue  of  Birds,  and  this  nomenclature  has  been  followed 
almost  universally.  In  the  Cat.  B..  however,  the  twelfth  edition  of  Linnaeus' 
Systema  Naturae  was  generally  adopted  as  the  starting-point  of  nomenclature 
and  not  the  tenth,  which  is  now  taken  as  the  beginning.  Therefore  Linne's 
"  Tetrao  orientalis,"  Systema  Naturae,  ed.  x.  i.  p.  161,  is  not  quoted  in  the 
Cat.  B.  xxii.,  but  under  Pterocles  arenarius  we  find  as  a  synonym  "  Tetrao  orien- 
talis Hasselquist,  Reise  Paldst.  p.  330,  1762,"  though  the  name  was  not  adopted, 
because  of  its  date  being  previous  to  1766.  The  more  correct  quoting  would 
have  been  as  follows  :  Tetrao  orientalis  Linnaeus,  in  Hasselquist's  Iter  Palaestinum, 
p.  278,  1757,  as  the  "  Reise  "  of  1762  is  only  a  translation  of  the  Swedish  edition 
of  1757,  which  has  the  title  Iter  Palaestinum  eller  Resa  til  Heliga  Landet.  It 
was  written  by  Linne,  after  Hasselquist's  death,  and  Linne  says  that  he  added 
the  names  of  the  animals  and  plants  and  brought  the  technical  terms  into  uni- 
formity, without  altering  the  meaning  of  the  author  in  anj'  way.  It  is  thus 
clear  that  the  descriptions  of  the  species  were  actuallj'  made  by  Hasselquist, 
and  this  is  also  evident  from  their  nature,  as  so  many  items  could  only  have 
been  taken  from  fresh  specimens,  but  the  names  were  given  by  Linne.  The 
name  "  Tetrao  orientalis,''''  though  before  the  starting-point  of  nomenclature 
in  1757,  was  adopted  bj'  Linne  in  Syst.  Nat.  ed.  x.  i.  p.  161,  and  therefore 
the  Black-bellied  Sandgrouse  must  henceforth  be  called  Pterocles  orientalis  (L.), 
as  this  name  antedates  Pallas's  Tetrao  arenarius  by  thirteen  years. 

This  would  be  quite  a  simple  matter,  but,  imfortunately,  the  appearance 
of  the  name  Tetrao  orientalis  has  also  been  noticed  by  Mr.  Sergius  Buturlin, 
who  misunderstood  it  and  thus  caused  great  confusion. 

In  an  article  (in  Russian  !)  in  the  Messager  Ornith.  1910,  p.  50.  Mr.  Buturlin 
comes  to  the  erroneous  conclusion  that  Linnaeus's  name  refers  to  the  Francolin, 
and  he  therefore  calls  the  latter  Francolinus  orientalis  !  Unfortunately,  Butui- 
Un's  article  is  full  of  mistakes  from  beginning  to  end,  and  his  conclusions  are 
absolutely  wrong.  Let  us  examine  his  article  (translated  by  Roston's Transla- 
tion Bureau)  and  see  how  he  came  to  be  so  mistaken. 

He  begins  by  explaining  that  Linnaeus  had  two  sections  of  Tetrao,  one 
"  Pedibus  hirsutis,"  the  other  "  Pedibus  nudis."  Now,  Tetrao  orientalis  has  the 
tarsus  feathered  in  front,  naked  behind.  It  should  therefore  have  been  placed 
into  a  third  section,  but  Linnaeus — in  whose  Systema  Naturae  occur  manj'  in- 
accuracies, obscurities,  and  errors,  as  Buturlin  truly  said — ^put  it  into  the  second 


NOVITATES    ZOOLOOIOAE    XXIV.     1917.  286 

one,  with  naked  tarsi,  although  in  the  diagnosis  he  said,  "  pedibus  antice  pilosis," 
which  clearly  means,  "hairy  in  front."  Buturhn  translates  this  "at  the  front 
part  sHghtly  hairy,"  but  this  is  an  arbitrary  proceeding  which  cannot  be  per- 
mitted, and  when,  later  on,  he  says  that  "  pilosus  "  "  may  refer  to  the  upper 
part  of  the  metatarsus  of  the  francolin,"  this  is  mere  sophistry,  as  the  tarsus 
is,  to  all  intents  and  purposes,  naked  all  round  and  certainly  just  as  bare  as  in 
other  species  in  Linnaeus's  second  section  with  bare  legs.  It  is  true  that  the 
words  "  abdomine  gulaque  atra,  collari  ferrugineo  "  can  be  apphed  to  both 
the  Plerocles  and  the  Francolin,  and  even  more  Uterallj'  to  the  latter,  but  they 
are  also  (if  you  like  "  cum  grano  saUs  ")  apphcable  to  the  male  Sandgrouse,  and 
the  last  sentence,  "  cauda  cuneiform!,"  can  only  refer  to  the  Sandgrouse,  which 
has  a  cuneiform  tail,  and  never  to  the  FrancoMn,  which  has  a  very  slightly 
rounded  one.  If  Buturhn  says  that  the  tail  of  the  Francolin  is  "  sUghtly 
cuneiform,"  then  he  is  wrong,  for  it  is  not,  and  Ijnne  did  not  talk  of  a  "  sHghtly 
cuneiform,"  but  of  a  "  cuneiform  "  tail. 

The  crucial  point,  however,  is  :    Where  did  Linne  get  his  diagnosis  from  ? 

Linne  quotes  as  follows  : 

Teirao  orieriialis  Hasselq.  it.  278,  n.  43. 

Perdix  damascena  Will.  orn.  128. 

Francolin  Tournef.  it.  i.  p.   158,  t.   158. 

Referring  to  these,  Buturhn  says:  "If  we  turn  to  Linne's  quotations  for 
the  confirmation  of  his  deductions,  we  see  that  not  a  single  one  refers  to  the 
Sandgrouse,  but  the  first  quotation  is  Tetrao  orientalis  Hasselq.  it.  278,  No.  43." 

The  fact  is  that  Linne  took  the  deciding  portions  of  his  diagnosis  entirely 
from  (his  own)  description  in  Hasselquist's  journey,  and  that,  as  I  have  shown 
above,  they  refer  to  the  Plerocles  and  not  to  the  Francohn.  He  then  care- 
lessly and  erroneously  added  two  quotations,  the  first  of  which,  from  WiUughby, 
referred  to  a  partridge,  the  second  to  the  Francolin.  The  deciding  source,  there- 
fore, is  Hasselquist.  This  has  been,  apparently,  admitted  by  Buturhn,  and 
that  he  failed  to  recognise  it  is  the  greatest  mistake  in  his  deductions.  He 
says  : 

"  If  we  turn  to  that  source,  that  is  to  Hasselquist's  journey  in  the  Levant 
in  1749-52  (pubUshed  by  Linne  himself),  we  find  (I  possess  the  London  edition 
1706),  under  No.  43,  only  the  mention  of  '  Tetrao  orientalis^  or  'the  Eastern 
Partridge,'  without  any  description  of  the  plumage.  It  mentions  that  its  size 
is  that  of  an  ordinary  Partridge  (which  is  nearer  to  the  Francohn  than  to  the 
Sandgrouse)  and  that  it  is  found  in  groves  and  forests  of  Anatoha.  But 
the  Sandgrouse  avoids  forests  and  lives  in  desert  tracts  ;  nor  is  it  found  in 
the  western  parts  of  Asia  Minor." 

Thus  Mr.  Buturhn  brings  forward  three  more  points  against  the  name 
Tetrao  orientalis  referring  to  the  Sandgrouse,  and  in  favour  of  the  Francolin, 
but  unfortunately  in  all  three  he  is  wrong. 

First  of  all,  the  assertion  that  Hasselquist's  book  gives  no  description  of  the 
plumage  is  utterly  wrong,  and  only  due  to  Buturhn  not  having  seen  the  book  at 
all,  but  only  the  London  edition,  1766.  This  latter  I  have  not  seen,  as  I  only 
know  the  original  Swedish  work  of  1757,  and  the  German  translation  of  1762, 
which  is  a  good  and  complete  one,  and  in  which  the  descriptions  of  animals  and 
plants,  in  fact  the  whole  second  part,  is  not  translated,  but  reprinted  in  the 
original  Latin  text.     Now,  both  these  give  a  full  description,  over  a  whole  page. 


286  NOVITATES   ZOOLOOICAE   XXIV.    1917 

of  both  sexes  of  Tetrao  orientalis.  To  show  that  every  word  refers  only  to  the 
Sandgrouse,  I  quote  a  few  sentences  :  "  Cauda  cuneiformis."  "  Pedum  crura 
brevissima,  antice  phimosa,  postice  nuda."  "  Ligiti  omnes  breviuscuh  et 
satis  crassi,  membrana  crassa,  panim  lobata  ad  basin  juncti."  "  Ferruginca 
sunt  margines  Capitis  inferiores,  Gula.  Colhim  ad  latera.  Cana  sunt  Caput 
supra  et  Pectus."  "  Atra  sunt  Gula,  Abdomen."  "  Crura  anterius  albicant." 
And  the  description  of  the  female  :  "  Caput  totum.  collum.  dorsum,  humeri 
&  Cauda  ex  lineis  transversalibus,  irregularibus,  atris  &  spatiis  irregularibus, 
majusculis,  palHde  ferrugineis  mixta.  Pectus  palUde  ferrugineum  adspcrsum 
maculis  regularibus,  subrotundatis,  atris.  Margo  humeri  ferrugineus.  Reliqua 
ut  in  mari." 

The  next  point  raised  by  Buturlin  is  the  size.  He  says  that  in  the  (muti- 
lated) Enghsh  text  it  is  described  as  of  "  the  size  of  an  ordinary  partridge," 
and  that  the  latter  is,  in  his  opinion,  nearer  to  the  Francolin  than  to  the  Sand- 
grouse.  I  do  not  think  that  this  is  a  point  of  any  importance  at  all.  because 
there  is  not  much  difference  between  the  two,  and  probablj',  had  Hasselquist, 
or  Linne,  described  both  the  Sandgrouse  and  Francolin,  he  would  in  both  cases 
have  made  a  similar  comparison.  Moreover,  in  the  original  text  it  is  said  : 
"  Magnitude  Perdicis  ruffae." 

Lastly,  objection  is  made  to  the  locality,  because  the  Sandgrouse  is  not 
an  inhabitant  of  forests,  and  because  it  did  not  occur  in  Western  Asia  Minor. 
First  of  all,  to  be  strictly  accurate,  we  must  refer  to  the  original  text,  and  there 
we  find:  "  L  )cus  :  Natoliae  saltus."  That  means,  probably,  forest-pastures 
of  Asia  Minor,  and  we  may  add  near  Smyrna,  where  Hasselquist  was.  This 
objection,  too,  is  of  no  importance  and  cannot  decide  the  question,  because 
probably  the  birds  were  received  from  natives,  and  the  exact  place  added  from 
information  received  from  the  latter  or  some  sportsman.  Moreover,  "  saltus  " 
may,  according  to  the  dictionary,  not  only  mean  forest-clad  districts,  but  also 
"  ravines,"  and  in  stony  ravines  Sandgrouse  occurs.  Lastly,  Mr.  Buturlin  is 
badly  informed  if  he  says  that  Pterocles  orientalis  {  —  arenarius  auct.)  is  not 
found  in  Western  Asia  Minor,  for  it  must  be  common  somewhere  near  Smyrna, 
because  it  used  to  be  sold  there  in  the  market  and  Gonzenbach  found 
its  eggs. 

I  am  convinced  that  ButurUn  would  not  have  written  his  unfortunate 
and  misleading  article  if  he  had  seen  Hasselquist's  Iter  or  the  German  trans- 
lation, instead  of  an  English,  obviously  incomplete  and  inaccurate  translation, 
in  which  evidently  such  unimportant  details  {?  !)  as  descriptions  of  animals  were 
left  out. 

There  is  only  one  more  sentence  in  Buturlin's  article  which  requires  a  .shcrt 
consideration.  He  says  that  "  in  other  parts  of  his  book  Hasselquist  mentions 
several  times  this  new  Game-bird  found  by  him  (letters  from  Smyrna  of  De- 
cember 16,  1749,  and  of  January  29,  1750),  and  each  time  under  the  name  of 
'Francolin,'  a  name  which  has  always  been  appUed  to  the  francoUns  and  not 
to  the  Sandgrouse."  A  comparison  with  the  original  Swedish  text  shows  that 
this  is  quite  correct,  but  the  notes  are  only  casual  remarks  without  descriptions, 
and  a  supposed  vernacular  name  alone  decides  nothing  about  the  name  of  the 
species.  As  the  real  FrancoUn  occurs  also  in  Asia  Minor,  the  name  was  evidently 
known  to  tl-.e  Europeans  in  Smyrna  and  was  by  them  misapplied  to  the  Sand- 
grouse.    Such  misappUcations  of  vernacular  names  are  frequent — I  know,  for 


NOVTTATES  ZooLoaiCAE   XXIV.    1917.  287 

example,  that  in  Marocco  some  Spanish  residents  called  the  Little  Bustard 
"  FrancoHn." 

After  all  this  it  is,  I  hope,  clear  that  the  Francolin  cannot,  under  any  cir- 
cumstances, be  called  "  Francolinus  orlentalis,"  as  Buturlin  would  have  it,  and 
that  the  Black-bellied  or  Imperial  Sandgrouse  is  to  be  named  : 

Pterocles  orlentalis  (L.). 

Now  to  the  correct  name  of  the  Francolin.  Linne  called  a  bird  Tetrao 
francolinus  {Syst.  Nat.  ed.  xii.  i.  p.  275,  1766).  The  short  diagnosis  is  : 
"  Tetrao  pedibus  nudis  calcaratis,  abdomine  gulaque  atris,  cauda  cuncata." 
Wretchedly  short  as  this  description  is,  it  does  well  for  the  Francolin  and  excludes 
any  Sandgrouse  ("pedibus  nudis  calcaratis"),  except  the  description  of  the 
tail,  which  is  not  cuneate  in  the  F«'ancohn  ;  this  mistake  might  either  have 
arisen  from  Linnaeus  mixing  up  his  own  Tetrao  orientalis  of  1758  with  the  franco- 
linus of  1766,  or  from  the  figure  of  Tournefort,  in  which  the  tail  looks  as  if  it 
were  pointed.  We  must  now  turn  to  Linnaeus's  quotations.  These  are  rather 
puzzling,  for  he  first  quotes  his  Tetrao  orientalis,  though  not  as  of  1758  {Syst. 
Nat.  ed.  x.),  but  only  "  Hasselquist,  iter  278,  n.  43."  As  I  have  shown  above, 
there  is  no  doubt  whatever  that  the  latter  is  purely  and  entirely  the  Pterocles, 
and  as  the  diagnosis  (feet  bare  and  with  spurs)  excludes  the  latter,  the  "archi- 
ater  "  clearly  made  a  mistake  in  thinking  (very  carelessly)  that  the  Tetrao  orientalis 
was  the  same  as  the  T.  francolinus.  He  further  quotes  Gesner,  Tournefort, 
OHna,  Edwards,  and  Brisson.  Of  these  only  Edwards  and  Brisson  give  full 
descriptions,  Edwards  a  coloured,  Brisson  a  black-and-white  plate,  Tournefort 
a  recognisable  black-and-white  figure  but  no  description,  Gesner  contains  irre- 
levant short  notes.  OUna  figures  and  describes  a  bird  which  appears  to  be  the 
female  of  the  Francolin,  and  he  calls  it  "  franquellino,"  but  he  says  that  it  lives 
in  Barbary,  in  great  numbers  in  Tunisia,  but  also  in  Spain,  Sicily — and  the  Alps  ! 
Thus  most  of  his  localities  are  wrong.  As  the  spurs  (which  are  only  found  in 
the  male)  are  only  seen  in  Edwards's  plate,  Linnaeus  must  principally  have 
used  Edwards.  The  locality  given  by  Tournefort  is  Samos,  while  Edwards 
(1758)  described  the  bird  from  Cyprus.  Brisson  (1760)  mentions  Italj-,  Cyprus, 
Samos,  and  Egypt,  from  where  it  is  said  to  have  been  brought  to  Malta. 

In  Italy  the  bird  appears  only  to  have  been  introduced,  though  it  lived 
formerly  in  Sicily  ;  in  Samos  it  was  common,  and  may  exist  now  ;  but  it  is  Cyprus 
where  it  occurs  even  now  and  used  to  be  common,  and  from  Cyprus  speci- 
mens Edwards  fully  described  and  figured  it.  I  therefore  accept  Cyprus  as  the 
terra  typica  for  the  Tetrao  francolinus  L.,  and  this  is,  in  my  opinion,  the  only 
course  one  can  take,  moreover  the  same  form  occurs  in  Asia  Minor  and  Samos. 

VII.    THE   FORMS   OF  FRANCOLINUS  PONDICERIANVS. 

In  the  Catalogue  of  Birds,  xxii.  pp.  141-143,  no  subspecies  of  F.  pondi- 
cerianus  were  separated,  but  three  forms  are  distinguishable. 

Tetrao  pondicerianus  Gmelin,  Syst.  Nat.  i.  2,  p.  760  (1789 — «x  Sonnerat, 
Voyage  aux  Indes,  ii.  p.  165),  was  described  from  Pondicherrj-  on  the  Coromandel 
coast.  The  name,  therefore,  refers  to  the  form  inhabiting  South  India,  for 
example,  Tuticorin,  Pondicherry,  Madras,  Mysore,  to  Ahmednagar  and  Belgaum, 
and  the  northernmost  part  of  Ceylon  (Jaffna).     This  bird  is  distinguished  from 


288  NOVITATES   ZOOLOOIOAE   XXIV.    1917. 

the  other  forms  by  the  large  longitudinal  ochraceous  patch  on  the  throat,  which 
is  surrounded  by  a  (more  or  less  incomplete)  line  of  black  spots,  and  there  is  a 
strong  ochraceous  tinge  on  the  chest. 

The  rest  of  British  India,  from  Sindh,  the  Punjab  and  Rajputana  eastwards 
to  about  the  88th  degree  of  longitude,  is  inhabited  by  a  very  similar  form,  but 
the  middle  of  the  throat  is  not  ochraceous  but  creamy  white,  and  there  is  no  or 
very  httle  ochraceous  tinge  on  the  chest.  This  form  has  no  name — it  is  figured 
in  Gray  and  Hardwicke's  III.  1ml.  Zool.  as  Perdix  orientalis,  but  that  name  is 
antedated  by  Perdix  orientalis  of  Horsfield,  and  I  name  it  therefore : 

Francolinus  pondicerianus  interpositus  subsp.  nov. 

Type:    <J  June  1870,  Oudh.     (Tring  Museum.) 

A  third  form  inhabits  South  Persia,  Southern  Afghanistan,  and  Baluchistan, 
and  there  is  a  skin  from  Muscat  in  the  British  Museum.  This  form  is  hke  F. 
pondicerianus  interpositus  in  the  colour  of  the  throat  and  chest,  but  the  upperside 
is  very  much  paler,  much  more  greyish.     It  has  been  well  described  as: 

Francolinus  pondicerianus  mecianensis 

by  Zarudny  and  Harms,  Orn.  Mormtsher.  1913,  p.  53,  the  type  being  from  Persian 
Baluchistan. 

We  have  thus  : 

F.  pondicerianus  pondicerianus  (Gm.),  South  India  and  North  Ceylon. 

P.  pondicerianus  interpositus  Hart.,  North-western  India. 

F.  pondicerianus  mecranensis  Zar.  and  Harms,  South  Persia,  Baluchistan, 
Afghanistan . 

VIII.    THE  SUBSPECIES   OF  FRANCOLINUS  FRANCOLINUS. 

Like  so  many  other  game-birds,  the  non-migratory  members  of  the  genus 
Francolinus  have  developed  into  a  number  of  geographical  races.  In  the  Cata- 
logue of  Birds,  vol.  xxii.,  the  latter  were,  as  a  rule,  not  distinguished,  though  the 
author,  even  at  that  time,  condescended  now  and  then  to  acknowledge  subspecies, 
which,  however,  in  some  cases  [vide  Perdix  damascena,  Chrysolophus  obscurus) 
were  not  geographical  forms. 

The  disentanglement  of  the  subspecies  of  Francolinus  jrancolinus  has  caused 
me  considerable  difficulty.  Not  only  is  material  wanting  from  several  important 
areas,  but  not  less  than  six  supposed  new  forms  have  been  named  by  Messrs. 
Buturlin  and  Zarudny. 

Even  a  cursory  glance  at  the  boxes  of  Francolinus  jrancolinus  in  the  British 
or  Tring  Museums  shows  that  there  are  a  number  of  conspicuous  geographical 
races. 

The  francolins  from  Cyprus,  Asia  Minor,  and  Palestine  are  separated  from 
those  of  India  and  Persia  by  their  large  size  (long  wings)  ;  the  spurs  of  the  males 
are  always  present  and  often  long  and  pointed,  the  coloration  is  dark.  As  I 
have  explained  before,  Cyprus  is  the  "terra  typica  "  for  the  name  jrancolinus; 
Francolinus  vulgaris  is  only  a  new  name  for  Tetrao  jrancolinus,  Francolinus 
triatriatus  (Cyprus)  a  clear  synonym. 

Francolinus  jrancolinus  caucasicus  Buturlin,  1907,  from  "Transcaucasia," 


NOVITATES    ZOOLOQICAE    XXIV.     1917.  289 

was  described  as  being  large,  the  rufous  ring  round  the  neck  wide  and  very  dark 
chestnut,  underside  strongly  spotted  with  white,  even  on  the  chest  and  sides 
of  chest.  Of  these  characters  (and  some  others  not  worth  mentioning)  the 
width  of  the  chestnut  ring  is  of  no  value  as  it  varies  according  to  preparation  ; 
the  large  size  and  dark  chestnut  colour  of  the  neck-ring  agree  fully  with  F. 
francolinus  francolinus.  I  have  only  seen  one  male  of  this  supposed  subspecies, 
in  the  British  Museum  ;  it  is  said  to  be  from  Lenkoran  and  was  received  from 
the  Florence  Museum,  or  rather  its  late  director.  Professor  Giglioli,  who  had 
got  it  from  Badde.  The  locahty  must  be  wrong,  as  Radde  expressly  stated 
that  it  was  never  found  near  Lenkoran,  and  it  is  probably  from  the  Kura  Valley 
or  the  Lower  Araxes.  It  agrees  with  F.  francolinus  francolinus,  but  is  more 
profusely  spotted  on  the  underside,  there  being  some  white  spots  even  on  the 
chest — just  as  described  by  Buturhn,  *'ho  had  seven  males  !  In  this  great  amount 
of  white  spotting  the  specimen  is  approached  by  two  males  from  Cyprus  and 
Asia  Minor,  but  under  the  circumstances  we  must,  for  the  time  being,  provision- 
ally admit  this  form,  F.  f.  Caucasians,  as  a  subspecies.  On  the  same  page  Buturhn 
also  described  a  "Francolinus  orientalus  sarudnyi  "  *  from  four  males  from  North 
Persia  and  the  Lower  Atrek.  I  have  hardly  any  doubt  that  this  "sarudnyi" 
is  the  same  as  caucasicus,  as  it  differs,  in  the  opinion  of  Buturlin,  merely  by 
wider  white  bars  on  the  rump,  which  are  about  1  mm.  instead  of  05  mm.  wide  ; 
the  width  of  these  bands  varying  to  some  extent,  this  character  cannot,  without 
further  material,  be  admitted  as  of  any  value. 

A  third,  very  distinct,  form  is  the  one  inhabiting  Sindh,  Baluchistan,  South- 
eastern and  Southern  Persia  to  Fao  and  Baghdad.  It  is  altogether  paler,  lighter, 
and  much  smaller.  The  females,  too,  are  very  much  Kghter.  I  accept  for 
this  form  Bonaparte's  name  henrici  {Compt.  Rend.  Acad.  [Paris],  xlii.  p.  882, 
1856,  Sindh).  It  is  true  that  the  description  is  insufficient,  all  that  is  said  being 
"  major,  alis  brevioribus,"  but  as  it  has  smaller  wings,  this,  in  connection  with 
the  definite  locality,  makes  the  name  acceptable.  That  the  type  was  generally 
larger,  was  probably  due  to  a  greater  amount  of  straw  on  cotton-wool.  As  the 
Sindh  birds  are  quite  like  those  from  Persian  Baluchistan  and  Seistan  in  East 
Persia,  Zarudny's  name  hoglanovi  ("  Francolinus  orientalis  bogdanovi,"  Orn. 
Monatsber.  1906,  p.  151)  becomes  a  synonym.  As  I  find  that  examples  from  Fao, 
from  Farsistan  (collected  by  Witherby),  and  Baghdad  (British  Museum)  are 
indistinguishable,  I  am  almost  sure  that  "  Prnncolimis  orientalis  arabistanicus" 
Zarudny  and  Harms,  Orn.  Monatsber.  1913,  p.  54,  from  the  "  Zagrossische  und 
Mesopotamische  Gebiet  Persiens,"  described  on  feeble  grounds,  must  be  the 
same,  too. 

Quite  different  from  F.  francolinus  francolinus  and  henrici  is  the  bird  from 
the  north-western  parts  of  India.  It  is,  in  both  sexes,  very  much  like  F.  f. 
francolinus  in  coloration,  but  considerably  smaller.  The  spurs  of  the  male  are 
always  short  and  blunt  and  sometimes  absent.  In  order  not  to  be  obliged  to 
riiake  a  new  name  or  to  accept  the  absurd  name  "  europaeus,"  we  are  justified 
in  adopting  Bonaparte's  name  "asiae"  for  this  form.  It  is  true  that  the  whole 
diagnosis  is  "  Minor  ex  Asia  " — but  not  "  Asia  Minor,"  as  Ogilvie-Grant  wrongly 
quoted  in  the  Catalogue  of  Birds  !     The  above  of  course  means  that  "  asiae  " 

•  In  phonetic  transliteration  this  ornithologist's  name  is  spelt  with  an  S  in  German,  with  a 
Z  in  English.     Therefore  species  or  subspecies  named  in  his  honoiir  have  also  been  spelled  with 
8  and  z  ;   we  have,  of  course,  to  preserve  the  original  speUing  in  each  case. 
19 


290  NOVITATES    ZOOLOOICAE    XXI V.    1917. 

lives  in  Asia,  and  is  smaller  than  F.  f.  francolinus.  As  Bonaparte  expressly 
separated  '' henrici"  and  was  not  likely  to  have  the  rarer  "  melanonotm,"  we 
may  accept  the  name  asiae  for  the  Francolin  from  the  north-western  parts  of 
India.  It  seems  to  me  that  "  Francolimis  orientalis  europaeiis "  Buturhn, 
Orn.  Moimtsher.  1907,  p.  81,  is  a  synonym.  It  was  described  from  a  specimen 
with  uncertain  localitj',  believed  to  be  from  Greece.  As  of  the  many  state- 
ments of  the  occurrence  of  Francolins  in  Greece  none  are  creditable,  we  must 
assume  that  Francolins  never  lived  in  Greece,  and  therefore  dismiss  Buturlin's 
suggested  locality.  The  description  of  "  europaeiis  "  suits  best  our  "  asiae." 
There  is  only  one  possibility,  i.e.  that  the  now  extinct  Sicilian  Francolin  was 
smaller  than  F.  f.  francolinus,  as  Dresser  said  it  seemed  to  be  ;  in  that  case 
the  name  "  europaeus  "  might  refer  to  that  extinct  form.  I  hope  to  receive, 
before  long,  information  about  this,  from  Italy,  where  some  specimens  from 
Sicily  are  preserved,  according  to  Arrigoni  degli  Oddi. 

A  last  distinct  form  is  F.  francolinus  melanonotus  (Hume,  Stratj  Feathers, 
xi.  p.  305,  1899,  As.sam  and  Manipur).  This  form  ranges  from  easternmost 
Nepal  to  Assam,  Manipur,  Dacca,  Maunbhoom.  It  has  the  barring  of  the  rump 
much  finer,  the  white  bars  being  quite  narrow,  besides  some  other  differences. 
The  name  melanonotus  was  overlooked,  and  therefore  not  quoted  by  the  author 
of  vol.  xxii.  of  the  Catalogue  of  Birds. 

IX.    FRANCOLINUS   BICALCARATUS   AND  ITS   RACES. 

When  Mr.  Ogilvie-Grant  wrote  vol.  xxii.  of  the  Catalogue  of  Birds,  the 
British  Museum  possessed  only  specimens  of  the  typical  bicalcaratus,  which  was 
described  by  Linne  (1766)  from  the  Senegal  (ex  Brisson).  In  1815,  not  considering 
the  name  bicalcaratus  suitable,  Temminck  renamed  it  adansonii,  and  gave  as  its 
locality  "  Gambia,  Niger."     Another  synonym  is  albiscapus  Reichenbach,  1853. 

Reichenow  (Vog.  Afr.  i.)  mentioned  the  dark  coloration  of  the  Sierra  Leone 
specimens,  and  in  1902  Ogilvie-Grant  described  them  as  a  new  species,  under 
the  name  of  Francolinus  thornei  (Bull.  B.  0.  Club.  xiii.  p.  22).  Sierra  Leone 
specimens  are  indeed  much  darker  on  the  back,  crown,  rump,  and  tail,  and  the 
chestnut  colour  on  the  breast  is,  as  a  rule,  darker,  the  creamy  colour  less  in 
extent.  This  is  very  striking  in  a  series,  but  some  specimens  are  less  typical 
than  others.  There  can  be  no  doubt  that  thornei  is  merely  a  subspecies  of 
bicalcaratus,  although  its  distribution  is  most  peculiar.  Typical  F.  b.  bical- 
caratus is  not  only  found  in  Senegambia,  but  also  on  the  Niger  below  Timbuktu, 
in  Hausaland  (Zaria),  on  the  Gold  Coast  (Accra).  Also  a  series  collected  by 
Ansorge  in  Portuguese  Guinea  (Bissao,  etc.)  agrees  well  with  Senegal  .specimens 
(ten  specimens  collected  by  Riggenbach,  all  very  constant),  but  a  few  are  some- 
what darker,  and  one  is  not,  so  far  as  1  can  see,  distinguishable  from  Maroccan 
specimens.  A  dark  form  has  also  been  described  by  Oscar  Neumann  {Orn. 
Monatsber.  1915,  p.  73)  from  Garua  in  Adamaua.  According  to  the  description 
it  must  be  very  similar  to  thornei,  and  a  male  which  the  Tring  Museum  received 
in  exchange  from  the  Berlin  Museum,  labelled — 

Tetrao  bicalcaratus  L. 

Mai.  Adamaua  ?    Ostgrenze  ? 

Kamerun         33741         v.  Camap, 

therefore  surely  from  near  Garua,  as  in  Kamerun  proper  the  species  does  not 


NOVTTATES    ZOOLOOICAE    XXIV.     1917.  291 

occur,  is,  in  my  opinion,  quite  indistinguishable  from  thornei.  We  would  thus 
have  a  mo^t  extraordinary  distribution  of  this  dark  form,  which  requires  further 
investigation. 

Tliere  is,  moreover,  a  third  form  of  F.  hicnlcaratus.  The  species  occurs 
also  in  Western  Marocco,  i.e.  within  the  palaearctic  region. 

According  to  Reid  (Ibis,  1885,  p.  251)  the  late  Olcese,  natural  history 
dealer  in  Tanger,  received  six  specimens  alive,  which  were  caught  by  natives 
inland  of  Casa  Blanca  (not  Cape  Blanco,  as  Ogilvie-Grant  says),  and  the  same 
autlior  says  that  this  Francolin  is  said  to  be  "common"  near  Mogador.  Irby 
states  that  it  is  found  as  far  north  as  Rabat. 

The  specimens  received  by  Olcese  died  and  were  converted  into  skins. 
From  Mogador  several  consignments  of  live  specimens  have  been  received  in 
England,  but  I  doubt  that  the  bird  is  "  common  "  near  that  town,  for  F.  W. 
Riggenbach,  who  very  successfully  collected  there  for  about  two  years,  in  spite 
of  our  repeated  requests  for  Francolins,  failed  to  come  across  it.  In  fact,  I  am 
not  aware  of  a  single  Francolin  obtained  in  a  wild  state  in  Marocco.  Of  the 
birds  received  by  Olcese  I  have  examined  three,  two  in  the  Dresser  collection, 
kindly  lent  me  by  the  authorities  of  the  Manchester  Museum,  and  one  in  the 
British  Museum.  These  birds  differ  at  a  glance  from  our  series  of  topo-typical 
bicalcaratus,  the  crown  being  not  so  pale  and  more  reddish,  I  should  say  cinnamon 
rufous  or  dark  reddish  cinnamon.  The  rest  of  the  upperside  is  more  rufescent, 
the  back  slightly  darker.  The  underside  is  also  less  light,  agreeing  with  that 
of  F.  b.  thornei.  I  am  convinced  that  this  Maroccan  form  is  a  subspecies  distinct 
both  from  F.  b.  bicalcaratu.s  and  thornei.  The  colour-differences  of  the  upperside 
are  not  likely  to  be,  the  markings  of  the  underside  cannot  be,  due  to  captivity. 
Moreover,  with  these  three  birds  agrees  absolutely  a  well-made  skin  in  the  Tring 
Museum,  which  is  evidently  that  of  a  wild  bird.  Unfortunately  its  locahty  is 
unknown  It  is  labelled  "  Francolinus  bicalcordus"  (.sic!).  South  Africa,  Dr. 
Smith.  Now,  it  is  certain  that  no  F.  bicalcaratu.s  occurs  in  South  Africa,  there- 
fore this  specimen  must  bo  from  somewhere  else,  and  it  might  just  as  well  be 
from  Marocco  as  from  elsewhere.  Thus  far  the  Maroccan  bird  would  be  "  all 
right,"  but  the  male  collected  by  Giffard  in  Gambaga,  Togoland  Hinterland,  is 
also  indistinguishable  from  the  Maroccan  birds,  and  one  of  F.  b.  thornei  from 
Sierra  Leone  is  on  the  upperside  like  it  too,  while  two  from  the  Senegal  in  the 
British  Museum  (G.  Blaine  coll.)  and  one  of  Riggcnbach's  Senegal  males  have 
similarly  reddish  crowns  of  the  head.  The  throat  feathers  of  the  Maroccan 
birds  are  not  quite  creamy  white,  but  pale  reddish  cinnamon  on  their  edges, 
but  this  is  probably  of  no  consequence,  as  it  is  found  also  in  some  thornei  and 
indicated  in  some  Senegal  specimens. 

The  fact  of  the  occurrence  of  this  tropical  African  species  in  Marocco  is  so 
interesting,  that  it  must  be  emphasised,  and  I  therefore — though,  after  all  the 
explanations  I  have  given,  I  am  well  aware  of  the  risk  and  possibility  of  adverse 
criticism — propose  to  separate  the  Maroccan  Francolin  and  call  it : 

Francolinus  bicalcaiatos  ayesha  subsp.  nov.* 

Type  :  cj  ad.,  said  to  be  from  Rabat,  in  Marocco,  in  the  Dresser  Collection 
now  in  Manchester. 

*  Ayesha  (in  the  Maghrebin  Aisha)  was  the  favourite  wife  of  Mohammed,  and  a  frequent  name 
in  Mohammedan  countries. 


292  NOVITATES    ZOOLOQIOAE   XXIV.    1917. 

On  the  labels  of  the  specimens  from  the  Dresser  Collection,  which  were 
once  in  the  Lilford  Museum,  the  Arab  name  is  given  as  "  Hadjel-es-Sahara '* 
and  "  Raragh."  The  former  is  evidently'  nonsense,  for  "  Hadjel "  is  the  Gaccabis 
(rectius  Alecloris — see  above),  but  "  Raragh  "  may  be  the  genuine  name  of  this 
species.  The  label  also  says  that  the  Britons  of  Mogador  call  the  Francolin 
"  English  Partridge,"  which  woiild  imply  that  it  loas  not  rare  there — but  why 
did  Riggenbach  not  get  it  ? 

There  is  an  excellent  plate  of  this  form  in  Dresser's  Suppl.  B.  Europe,  pi.  703. 

The  occurrence  of  this  tropical  species  in  Marocco  is  only  known  along  the 
Atlantic  coast.  Like  all  the  other  representatives  of  tropical  species,  it  must 
have  found  its  way  there  along  the  coast  of  the  Western  Sahara,  for,  as  I  have 
pointed  out  before,  all  of  them  are  either  found  only  in  the  north  of  Marocco, 
Algeria,  and  Tunisia,  or  in  the  west.     The  other  species  to  which  I  refer  are  : 

Telephonus  sencgalus  cucullatus.  Northern  Marocco,  Algeria,  and  Tunisia. 

Pycnonotus  harbatus  barbatus.  Northern  Marocco,  Algeria,  and  Tunisia. 

Asio  capensis  tingitanus,  Marocco,  northernmost  Algeria. 

Melierax  canoras  mehibates.  Mogador  to  Mazagan  in  Western  Marocco. 

StreptopeUa  senegalensis  pJioenicophila,  Northern  Oasis  of  Western  Sahara. 

Otis  arabs,  Marocco  and  West  Algeria. 

If  any  of  these  birds  had  crossed  the  Sahara,  they  would  be  most  frequent 
in  the  southern  parts  of  Africa  Minor. 

X.    THE  SYNONYMY   OF   TETRAO  PARVIROSTRIS. 

In  the  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.  xxii.  p.  66,  Mr.  Ogilvie-Grant  quotes  as  synonyms 
of  Tetrao  parvirostris,  "  Tetrao  urogalliis,  var.  rupestris  and  T.  u.,  var.  minor  Pallas, 
Zoogr.  Rosso-Asiat.  ii.  p.  58."  Both  quotations  are  wrong,  as  Pallas  did  not 
give  any  such  names.  Pallas  only  said  that  Messerschmid  described  a  smaller 
variety,  and  that  the  bird  was  called  by  the  Russians  "  Kamenoi  Gluchar,"  which 
meant  Rock-Capercaillie.  ("Messerschmidius  mireorew  statuebat  varietatem  Uro- 
galli,  cujus  foeminam  describit  :"  follows  description.  Further  on,  on  p.  59  : 
"  Russis  Kamenoi  Gluchar  (UrogaUus  rupestris)  vocatur"). 

Both  names,  rupestris  and  minor,  would  have  priority  over  parvirostris, 
if  they  had  been  given  by  PaUas  to  the  species,  but  rupestris  would  be  antici- 
pated by  Gmelin  in  1789. 

The  first  name  of  the  species  is  Tetrao  urogalloides  Middendorff,  which, 
however,  was  anticipated  by  Nilsson. 

I  have  compared  specimens  from  SachaUn  and  found  them  to  be  indis- 
tinguishable from  others  from  the  mainland.  "  Tetrao  urogalloides,  var.  /9 
sachalinensis"  Bogdanoff,  1884,  is  therefore  a  synonym  of  parvirostris. 


NOVITATES   ZOOLOOICAE   XXIV.    1917.  293 


ON  NEW  AND   INSUFFICIENTLY  KNOAVN   INDO-AUSTRALIAN 

GEOMETRIDAE. 

By  LOUIS  B.  PEOUT,  F.E.S. 

SuBFAM.  OENOCHROMINAE. 
1.  Celerena  angustisignata  spec.  nov. 

?,  60-62  mm.  Head  yellow.  Terminal  joint  of  palpus  rather  short,  black. 
Thorax  and  abdomen  concoloroiis  with  wings,  front  of  thorax  more  orange. 

Forezving  deep  chrome  or  cadmium  yellow  ;  proximal  third  of  costal  margin 
slate-grey,  black  at  extreme  base  and  very  narrowly  along  costal  edge  ;  a 
narrow  slate-grey,  distally  black-edged  band  arising  at  the  end  of  this  grey 
shading,  running  at  first  in  the  direction  of  tomus  or  hinder  end  of  termen,  but 
curving  very  slightly  in  the  end  of  the  cell,  interrupted  at  the  fold  6  or  7  mm. 
from  termen,  reappearing  merely  as  some  feeble  grey  shading  at  and  behind 
SM'  ;  distal  border  slate-grey,  najrrowly  edged  proximally  (except  at  extreme 
posterior  end)  with  black  ;  8  or  9  mm.  wide  at  costa,  narrowing  rapidly  to  R' 
(where  it  is  about  3  mm.  wjde),  then  more  gradually  (scarcely  1  mm.  at  tomus). 

Hindwing  with  the  slate-grej'  border  quite  narrow  throughout,  its  black 

proximal  edging  thick  anteriorly',  tapering  posteriorly. 

Underside  with  the  markings  mainly  black  ;  apex  of  forewing  and  fringes 
greyer  ;    proximal  band  of  forewing  broadened  and  rather  diffuse. 

Sudest  Island,  January — February  1916  (type)  and  March  1916,  Mount 
Riu,  2,000  feet  (paratype) ;  both  in  coll.  Tring  Museum,  collected  by  Eichhom 
brothers. 

Perhaps  a  local  form  of  prodroma  Meyr.  or  probola  Prout  (Nov.  Zool. 
xxiii.  5).     In  any  case  it  will  require  a  name. 

SuBFAM.  HEMITHEINAE. 
2.  Hypodoxa  emiliaria  subleprosa  subsp.  nov. 

(J,  42-44  mm.  ;  $,  44-48  mm.  Markings  of  name-typical  emiliaria  Gucn., 
except  that  the  antemedian  line  makes  a  rather  stronger  outward  projection 
in  the  cell  ;  coloration  of  upperside  in  both  sexes  closely  hke  that  of  leprosa 
leprosa  Warr.,  the  distal  area  in  the  ?  participating  in  some  measure  in  the 
heavy  dark  markings  of  fulgurea  Prout  (which  I  now  regard  as  another  sub- 
species of  emiliaria). 

Underside  nearly  as  in  e.  emiliaria,  the  ?  (but  not  the  S)  with  a  black 
discal  dot  or  small  dot  developed  on  the  hindwing. 

Mount  Rossel,  Rossel  .Island,  November — December  1915  (VV.  F.  Eich- 
hom), 2  (J  (J,  4  $?,  in  coll.  Tring  Museum. 

3.  Dysphania  endoleuca  spec.  nov. 
?,  84-93  mm.     Face  cadmium  yellow  at  sides,  blackish  down  the  middle. 
Palpus  blackish,  first  and  second  joints  cadmium  yellow  beneath.     Thorax  in  front 


294  NOVITATES  Z00L00ICA£  XXIV.    1917. 

cadmium  j'ellow  with  a  few  dark  markings,  pectus  mostly  yellow  ;  thorax  above 
mostly  concolorous  with  forewing,  a  narrow  yellowish  transverse  band  behind 
middle.  Abdomen  above  purple-brown  with  whitish  belts,  on  the  last  few 
segments  cadmium  yellow  ;    beneath  belted,  cadmium  yellow  and  blackish. 

Forewing  with  costal  margin  verj-  slightly  cur\'ed,  at  least  in  distal  part  ; 
blackish  purple,  with  the  markings  white  ;  an  oblique  band  frcm  base  of  hind- 
margin  nearly  to  the  origin  of  M=,  mostly  bounded  anteriorly  by  M  ;  a  some- 
what oblique  transverse  median  band,  nearly  as  in  cyune  Cram.,  but  rather  more 
regular  ;  the  postdiscal  spots  between  the  radials  small  and  well  separated,  the 
subapical  series   nearly  as  in  cyane,  the  mark  between    M-  and  tornus  small, 

sinuous  and  vague,  especially  in  its  posterior  part. Hindwing  similar  to  that 

of  cyane,  the  dark  subbasal  area  rather  more  oblique,  connected  with  the  dark 
border  by  some  shading  in  front  of  SC,  the  cell-mark  smaller,  the  projection  cf 
the  white  median  area  behind  it  rather  more  s-hallcw,  the  submarginal  zigzag 
band  lighter  and  brighter  (cadmium  yellow),  with  the  outward  teeth  less  acute 
and  with  a  single,  rather  broad  projection  to  termen  along  submcdian  fold, 
whereas  cyane  .shows  two  slender  projections  or  dashes  (on  M=  and  fold). 

Underside  similar,  the  hindwing  with  subbasal  band  only  connected  with, 
the  dark  border  in  front  of  C,  the  yellow  submarginal  band  broadened. 

Near  Oetakwa  River,  Snow  Mountains.  Dutch  New  Guinea,  up  to  3,500  ft., 
October— December,  191(1  (A.  S.  Meek),  2  2$  in  coll.  Tring  Museum. 

Rather  recalls  some  ?  forms  of  Ujrianthina  Butl.,  in  which,  however,  inter 
alia,  the  white  median  area  of  the  hindwing  is  interrupted  by  the  ground-colour 
at  abdominal  margin  and  the  venter  is  not  yellow-belted.  I  conjecture  that 
endoleiica  may  be  the  cyane  of  Oberthiir's  "  Lep.  Dorei  "  {Ann.  Mus.  Genova, 
xii.  469,  indescr.)  and  possibly  of  Pagenstecher's  "Lep.  Aru-Inseln "  (Jatirb. 
Nass.  Ver.  Xat.  xxxix.  162,  indescr.)  ;  I  have  only  seen  true  cyane  Cram,  from 
Ceram,  Gis.ser  I.sland,  Amboina,  and  Saparoea,  and  would  provisionally  alter  the 
given  range  (Lep.  Cat.  pt.  14,  p.  26)  accordingly. 

4.  Dyspbania  militaris  abnegata  siibsp.  nov. 

Paler  yellow  than  m.  militaris  L.,  abdomen  without  dark  belts. 

Forewing  with  the  oblique  antemedian  black  streak  between  SJP  and  hind- 
margin  almost   invariably  reduced  to  a  very  fine  and  slight  dash,  very  often 

entirely  obsolete. Hindwing  with  basal  band  usually  slender  or  obsolete  ; 

very  generally  with  postmedian  band  more  sknder  than  in  in.  militaris,  often 
more  or  less  interrupted. 

Hainan,  type  (Weng  Chang,  July  1902)  in  coll.  Tring  Museum. 

Gut  of  a  series  of  nearly  60  examined,  from  various  localities  on  the  island, 
only  three  show  the  hindmarginal  black  streak  of  forewing  in  at  all  good  develop- 
ment, and  these  remain  distinguishable  by  the  pale  ground-colour.  In  the  very 
few  aberrations  of  M.  militaris  in  which  the  corresponding  mark  is  reduced,  the 
rest  of  the  antemedian  band  participates  in  the  reduction,  which  is  rarely  the 
case  in  m.  abnegata. 

5.  Dysphania  latiplaga  ab.  chrysostathes  ab.  nov. 
All  the  normally  white  parts  of  forewing  concoltTcus  with  the  normally 
yellow  parts  of  hindwing. 


NOVITATES    ZOOLOOICAE    XXIV.     1917. 


295 


Kolawi,  Central  Celebes,  June,  August,  October,  and  November,  1912  (Dr. 
Martin),  7  cJtJ  in  coll.  Tring  Mnseuni,  together  with  5  which  agree  with  the 
normal  South  Celebes  form  of  latipliga  Warr. ;  Palos  Bay,  Celebes,  1  cj  in  coll. 
Joicey. 

6.  Omithospila  succincta  spec.  ncv. 

o  $,  38-40  mm.  Very  similar  to  cincta  Walk.  S  antenna  with  similar 
(rather  short)  pectinations,  which,  however,  are  continued  a  little  farther 
distally.  Palpus  on  outer  side  sometimes  with  some  weak  green  admixture  ;  in 
2  shorter  than  in  cincki  5. 

Forewing  of  the  same  green  as  in  cincta  ;  costal  edge  more  narrowly  dark- 
ened and  with  some  whitish  admip^turc  ;  dark  yellow-green  lines  and  cell- 
mark  as  in  cincta  ;  distal  border  redder,  narrower,  scarcely  more  than  a  line, 
which  thickens  slightly  between  the  veins  ;    fringe  distally  and  at  vein-ends 

whitish. Hindwing  on  an  average  more  elongate  towards  tomus  than  in 

cincta  ;  termen  as  on  forewing  ;  fringe  narrowly  white  proximally  between  the 
veins  from  SC-  to  SM-. 

Government  Hill,  Penang,  1,000  ft.,  May  19-24,  1898  (Curtis),  type  and 
others  in  coll.  Tring  Museum.  Also  in  coll.  British  Museum  from  Penang,  2,260 
ft.,  March  22,  1898,  1  o'  'S.  8.  Flower),  Sandakan,  N.E.  Borneo,  1  3  (W.  B.  Pryer), 
and  Sarawak.  1  ?. 

7.  Gelasma  auspicata  spec.  nov. 

(J,  32  mm.  Face  and  palpus  dark  red,  the  latter  strongly  mixed  with  black, 
its  underside  whitish.  Vertex  and  antennal  shaft  whitish  ochreous  ;  antenna 
pectinate  to  the  30th  joint.  Occiput  and  upperside  of  thorax  green  ;  thorax 
beneath  and  most  of  abdomen  whitish  ochreous. 

Forewing  with  apex  rather  acute,  termen  nearly  straight,  but  not  quite  so 
straight  as  in  veninotata  Warr.  ;  opaque  grey-green,  very  slightly  greyer  at  the 
position  of  the  blotch  of  underside  ;  costal  edge  ochreous,  irregularly  dotted 
with  dark  purple-red  ;  lines  verj'  fine,  lunula te-dentate,  whitish,  with  cleaner 
white  dots  on  some  of  the  veins  ;  antemedian  from  about  one-fourth  costa  to 
one-third  hindmargin,  in  the  type  very  indistinct  ;  postmedian  at  just  beyond 
two-thirds,  with  deeper  lunule  inward  between  M*  and  SM- ;  a  small  and  faint 
dark-green  cell-dot  ;  terminal  line  daik  purple-red,  interiupted  bj-  small  pale 
ochreous  dots  at  the  veins  ;    fringe  pale  ochreous,  with  conspicuous  dark-red 

spots  opposite  the  veins  and  with  a  slight  reddish  darkening  distally. Hindwing 

quadi'ate  (section  Thulerura),  but  with  the  tail  at  R^  shorter  than  in  veninotata  ; 
as  forewing  except  in  the  unmarked  costa  and  lack  of  first  line  and  in  the  elcnga- 
tion  of  the  discal  mark. 

Underside  paler,  especially  the  hindwing  and  posterior  part  of  forewing  ; 
forewing  with  the  ochreous  costal  edge  unspotted,  terminal  line  slightly 
thickened,  a  purple-fuscous  terminal  blotch  of  about  2  mm.  width  from  tomus 
about  to  R'  and  some  slight  strigulae  anteriorly  ;  hindwing  with  corresponding 
blotch  from  apex  about  to  R-  and  some  strigulae  posteriorly. 

Khasis.     Type  in  coll.  Tring  Museum  ;  paratype  in  coll.  L.  B.  Prout. 

Differs  from  veninotata  in  shape,  in  the  red  terminal  line  and  the  more 
strongly  spotted  fringes. 


296  NOVITATES    ZOOLOQICAE    XXIV.    1917. 

8.  Tbalassodes  ftirvifimbria  .spec.  nov. 

cJ,  37  mm.  ;  ?,  39—11  mm.  Face  green.  Palpus  elongate  (in  3  almost, 
in  ?  more  than,  twice  as  long  as  diameter  of  eye ;  third  joint  in  cjas  long  as,  in  ? 
longer  than,  second  joint),  green,  beneath  white.  Vertex  green,  only  very  narrowly 
white  in  front.  Hindtibia  in  3  not  dilated.  Abdomen  wthout  dorsal  orna- 
mentation. 

Forewing  sliaped,  coloured,  and  marked  as  in  the  typical  group,  the  white 

lines  straight  ;    fringe,  except  at  extreme  base,  dark  grey. Hindwing  with 

the  angle  at  R'  moderate  or  rather  slight  ;  postmedian  line  .slight  ;  fringe  as 
on  forewing. 

Ceylon  :  Pundaloya,  December  {type  S),  July  and  undated  (2  $?),  in  coll. 
Tring  Museum  ;  a  o  without  date  and  a  ?  April,  in  coll.  British  Museum,  ex 
coll.  E.  E.  Green. 

Easily  distinguished  by  the  dark  fringes  and  the  3  structure  ;  both  the 
other  green-faced  Indian  species  in  which  the  3  hindtibia  is  undilated  (aucta 
Prout  and  falsaria  Prout)  have  shorter  palpus  and  j'ellow  fringes.  Ihe  <?  type 
has  unfortunately  lost  the  fringes,  but  is  chosen  for  the  structural  charactei-s. 

9.  Prasinocjona  fragilis  solida  subsp.  nov. 

Deeper  green  than  /.  fragilis  Warr.,  the  white  lines  fainter,  the  white  spots 
distally  to  the  discocellulars  almost  or  altogether  obsolete. 

Rossel  Island:  Mount  Eossel,  2,100  ft.,  November— December  1915  (W.  F. 
Eichhorn).     Type  in  coll.  Tring  Museum. 

10.  Metallochlora  exorista  .spec.  nov. 

3,  32  mm.  Closely  similar  to  meeki  Warr.  and  its  subspecies  tenuilinea 
Warr.,  differing  as  follows  : 

Antennal  teeth  shorter. Forewing  with  costal    margin  more  markedly 

arched  posteriorly,  distal  margin  slightly  more  oblique  ;  costal  margin  more 
broadl}'  and  brightly  red,  at  extreme  edge  heavily  mixed  with  black  ;  a  dis- 
tinct, though  minute,  black  cell-dot  present  ;  minute  black  dashes  on  SC  and 
sometimes  on  R'  distally  to  the  median  silvery  streak  and  proximaUy  to  the 

subterminal  ;     terminal   dots  somewhat   enlarged   towards  apex. Hindwing 

more  produced  in  middle  of  distal  margin,  the  submarginal  silverj'  line  in  con- 
sequence more  acutely  bent. — — ^Underside  without  the  apical  blotch  of  hindwing 
or  distal  grcj'  band. 

Upper  Aroa  River,  British  New  Guinea,  March  1903  (A.  S.  Meek).  Type  in 
coll.  Tring  Museum. 

11.  Metallochlora  mihtaris  satisJacta  subsp.  nov. 

Forewing  with  the  yellow  costal  edge  somewhat  widened,  rather  strongly 
dark-dotted.     Both  wings  with  the  red  cell-dot  larger,  almost  as  in  sanguini- 
puncla  Warr.,  the  submarginal  dots  enlarged  into  dashes,  placed  rather  farther 
from  the  termen,  the  yellow  border  consequently  somewhat  widened.     Hind 
wing,  as  well  as  forewing,  beneath  with  a  fuscous  apical  dot. 

Goodenough  Island,  2,500-4,000  ft,  April  and  May  1913  (A.  S.  Meek).    4  $? 


NOVITATES    ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV.    1917.  297 

in  coll.  Tring  Museum,  including  type.  Also  a  slightly  worn  ?  from  Milne  Bay, 
British  New  Guinea,  December  1898. 

M.  sanguinipuncta  Warr.,  from  the  Key  Islands,  is  very  likely  also  a  sub- 
species of  militaris,  with  the  submarginal  dots  placed  as  in  m.  satisjacta,  but 
red  and  not  enlarged,  the  space  between  them  and  the  termen  remaining  green  ; 
but  it  further  differs  in  showing  pairs  of  vague  wavy  lines  in  place  of  the  vague 
blotches  Only  Warren's  two  originals  (his  type  $  and  a  small  worn  $  un- 
accountably registered.  Nov.  Zool.  v.  422,  as  milikiris)  are  yet  known  to  me. 

12.  Episothalma  sequestrata  spec.  nov. 

(J  ?,  38-42  mm.  Very  similar  to  obscurata  Warr.  5  with  third  joint  of 
palpus  considerably  shorter  than  seCond  (in  obscurata  longer  than  second),  the 
abdomen  more  robust,  with  crests  vestigial. 

Forewing  in  both  sexes  ^^•ith  termen  less  strongly  sinuous,  more  feebly 
crenulate  ;  lighter  grey-green  (perhaps  .sage-green  when  freshly  bred) ;  markings 
of  upperside  similar,  but  with  the  antemedian  line  more  deeply  bent  outward 
in  cell,  reaching  the  discocellulars,  both  lines  less  strongly  marked  with  white 
on  their  reverse  sides,  distal  dark  .shading  weaker,  confined  to  posterior  half  of 

wing. Hindwing  with  termen  less  crenulate  than  in  obscurata ;  subtermina] 

dark  shading  narrower,  sometimes  interrupted. Forewing  beneath  with  the 

dark  distal  cloud  restricted,  at  termen  reaching  frcm  tornus  scarcely  to  M^  in 
a  width  of  less  than  2  mm.,  between  M'  and  M'  still  narrower,  subterminal, 
anteriorly  obsolete.  Hindwing  beneath  with  the  subterminal  dark  band  much 
narrowed,  especially  in  posterior  part,  touching  tennen  at  apex  and  tornus  only, 
between  radial  fold  and  BP  weak  or  almost  interrupted. 

Milne  Bay,  British  New  Guinea,  November — December  1898  (A.  S.  Meek). 
Type  (J,  December,  in  coll.  Tring  Museum.  Also  1  $  from  Goodenough  Island, 
December  1896. 

Mr.  Meek  took  E.  obscurata  at  the  same  place  in  December  1898  (1  ?)  and 
January — -February  1899  (3  (J(J,  1  ?)  ;  on  account  of  the  great  difference  in  the 
?  palpus  there  can  be  no  question  as  to  their  specific  distinctness. 

13.  Hemithea  subflavida  copiosa  subsp.  nov. 

?.  Wings  rather  broader  than  in  s.  reducta  Warr.  (Dutch  New  Guinea), 
approaching  the  shape  of  the  preceding  species.  Underside  with  the  dark  borders 
rather  broader  than  in  s.  reducta  and  in  addition  with  the  postmedian  line  (or 
shade)  present,  on  the  forewing  partly  fuscous,  on  the  hindwing  olivaceous. 

Bougainville,  Solomon  Islands,  April  1904  (A.  S.  Meek),  2  $?  in  coll.  Tring 
Museum. 

The  known  forms  of  H.  subflavida  now  furnish  regular  transitions  in  shape, 
through  Episothalma  sequestrata  to  E.  obscurata,  and  suggest  that  the  genus 
Episothalma  will  have  to  be  merged  in  Hemithea.  In  any  case  the  three  species 
named,  together  with  E.  subaurata  Warr.,  form  a  very  natural  group. 

14.  Hemithea  insularia  duplicata  subsp.  nov. 

Darker  and  greyer  green  than  i.  insularia  Guen.  (Spec.  Gin.  Lip.  ix.  385  ; 
Oberth.  Et.  Lip.  xii.  t.  390.  f.  3297),  the  blotches  beneath  highly  developed, 


298  NOVITATES    ZOOLOOICAE   XXIV.    1917. 

showing  through  as  slight  green  shadows  on  the  upperside  ;  an  additional 
narrow  dark  patch  more  or  less  developed  on  the  hindwing  beneath,  between 
the  tomus  and  M'. 

Fergusson  Island,  October — December  1894  (A.  8.  Meek),  type  S  and  2  $?  ; 
Milne  Bay,  British  New  Guinea.  December  1898 — Februaiy  1899  (A.  S.  Meek), 
(J,  2  ??  ;  Kumusi  River,  N.E.  British  New  Guinea,  low  elevation,  August  1907 
(A.  S.  Meek),  2  ??.     All  in  coll.  Tring  Museum. 

The  abdominal  crests  look  better  developed  than  in  i.  hisularia,  of  which, 
however,  little  first-rate  material  is  accessible  to  me. 

15,  Hemithea  wuka  Isabella  subsp.  nov. 

?.  Forewing  slightly  broader  still  than  in  w.  wuka  Pagenst.  ;  postmedian 
line  rather  more  excurved  ;  some  greyish  shading  in  distal  area,  indicating  faintly 

the  position  of  the  blotch  beneath  ;  terminal  dots  and  fringe  yellower. Hhid- 

wing  with  similar  distinctions,  the  outward  projection  of  the  postmedian  line 
still  more  pronounced. Forewing  beneath  with  subterminal  blotch  or  half- 
band  from  tomus  almost  to  R'  and  very  faint  shadow-band  anteriorly.  Hind- 
wing  beneath  with  the  usual  apical  blotch  long  and  strong,  a  tornal  blotch 
nearly  as  on  forewing. 

Isabel  Island,  Soh  luons.  June  4 — July  9,  1901  (A.  S.  Meek),  type  in  coll. 
Tring  Museum. 

Possibly  a  separate  species. 

16.  Diplodesma  planata  spec.  nov. 

S,  22-23  mm.  ;  '+',  24-27  mm.  Head  dull  green,  between  the  antennae 
narrowly  white.  Palpus  in  $  with  third  joint  longer  than  in  the  ussuriaria  group. 
Thorax  above  green.     Abdomen  paler. 

Forewing  with  termen  nearly  straight,  a  little  more  oblique  than  in  most 
of  the  species  ;  venation  in  S  as  in  typical  Diplodesma,  in  $  with  SC*  not  or 
scarcely  touching  C,  yet  approaching  much  more  closely  than  in  the  ussuriaria 
group  ;  dull  green  ;  costal  edge  very  narrowly  ochreous,  with  fine  blackish 
dots  ;  lines  white,  very  fine  ;  antemedian  indistinct  or  obsolescent,  slightly 
excurved  in  cell  and  incurved  about  M  ;  postmedian  at  nearly  two-thirds,  verj' 
gently  curved  anteriorly,  then  almost  straight  or  with  an  exceedingly  slight 
inward  cun-e  in  its  posterior  half  ;    cell-dot  not  or  scared}'  discernible  ;    no 

terminal  line  ;    fringe  unmarked. Hindwing  shaped  about  as  in  subexpressa 

Walk,  and  contracta  Warr.,  the  abdominal  margin  being  considerably  elongate, 
the  tail  at  R'  well  developed  ;  antemedian  line  wanting,  postmedian  slightly 
or  scarcely  sinuous,  very  feebly  bent  at  R'. 

Underside  whitish  green,  unmarked,  the  hindwing  slightly  whiter  than  the 
forewing. 

N.W.  India  :  Simla,  type  <J  (labelled  by  Warren  celataria  ab.  plaim,  but  not 
published);  Subathu,  June — August  18S9,  both  sexes;  Kuiu  district,  a  pair. 
AU  in  coll.  Tring  Museum. 

17.  Diplodesma  planata  dorsinigrata  subsp.  nov. 

Differs  from  the  name-typical  form,  as  described  above,  in  having  the 
costal  edge  of  the  forewing  more  strongly  dotted  with  black,  the  discal  mark  of 


NOYITATES   ZOOLOGICAIC   XXIV.    1917.  29& 

both  wings  more  noticeably  darkened,  and  especially  in  having  a  conspicuous 
black  patch  on  the  third  and  fourth  abdominal  tergites. 
Khasis.      S  S3,  in  coll.  Tring  Mu.seum. 


18.  Diplodesma  mystica  spec.  nov. 

?,  27  mm.  Face  deep  red,  narrowly  white  below.  Palpus  twice  as  long  as 
diameter  of  eye,  third  joint  as  long  as  second  ;  red  above,  white  beneath.  Vertex 
white.  Thorax  and  abdomen  pale  greenish  above,  whitish  beneath.  Hindtibia 
without  median  spurs. 

Foreiving  with  termen  gently  curved  ;  SC  from  near  end  of  cell,  SC  arising 
after  SC,  R'  stalked,  M'  connate  ;  *pale  ohve-yellow  (probably  faded)  ;  costal 
edge  white ;  a  fine,  not  very  conspicuous  white  hne  from  three-fifths  hind- 
margin,  nearly  parallel  with  termen  about  to  R'  or  R»,  then  curving  slightly 
away  from  it,    but  becoming    obsolescent  ;  no  terminal  line  ;   fringe  whitish. 

Hindwing  with    abdominal    margin  fairly  long,  termen    full,  very  feebly 

bent  at  R>  and  inappreciably  at  R'  ;  C  approximated  to  SC  for  a  short 
distance  near  base,  M'  stalked  ;  as  forewing,  the  hne  about  central,  complete, 
very  gently  curved. 

Underside  whitish,  unmarked. 

South  Celebes,  August— September  1S91  (W.  Doherty).  Type  in  coll.  Tring 
Museum. 

Will  not  fit  into  any  known  genus,  but  in  the  absence  of  the  3  I  place  it 
in  Diphdesma,  Sect.  IV.  (Gen.  Ins.  fasc.  129,  p.  185),  into  which— assuming  that 
the  cJ  frenulum  is  present— it  would  fall  by  my  Key  (loc.  cii.  p.  13).  SC  of  fore- 
wing,  C  of  hindwing,  and  the  shape  are,  however,  against  this  location. 


19.  Hemistola  malacbitaria  spec.  nov. 

<?,  27  mm.  Face  blackish  on  upper  half ;  whitish  ochreous  on  lower. 
Palpus  slender,  not  reaching  beyond  frons  ;  whitish  ochreous,  with  some  blackish 
irroration  on  outer  side.  Vertex  narrowly  whitish  ;  occiput  green.  Antennal 
shaft  whitish  ochreous  ;  pectinations  slender,  not  long,  rather  widely  separated, 
becoming  very  short  towards  the  20th  joint.  Thorax  and  abdomen  green. 
Hindtibia  not  dilated. 

Forewing  with  DC  not  very  deeply  curved,  SC  from  near  base  of  stalk  of 
SC-',  anastomosing  moderately  with  C,  R'  barely  stalked  ;  light  green,  almost 
as  in  chrysoprasaria  Esp.,  only  a  shade  more  bluish;  antemedian  hne  scarcely 
indicated  ;  postmedian  whitish,  quite  indistinct,  especially  anteriorly,  appar- 
ently not  crenulate,  perhaps  slightly  more  oblique  than  in  chrysoprasaria  ;    no 

terminal    line. Hindtving  with  termen    rounded ;    postmedian    line  cui-ved 

almost  as  strongly  as  in  dispnrtita  Walk. 

Underside  scarcely  paler  ;    unmarked. 

Kukli,  N.W.  India,  August  1891.     Type  in  coll.  Tring  Museum. 

In  spite  of  the  colour  and  the  shorter  antennal  pectinations,  this  is  probably 
nearer  to  dispartita  than  to  chrysoprasaria,  and  I  expect  the  9  will  prove  to  have 
non-pectinate  antenna. 


300'  NovrrATES  Zoolooicae  XXIV.  1917. 

20.  Hemistola  antigone  spec.  nov. 

(J,  34  mm.  ;  ?,  36  mm.  Face  deeij  red.  Palpus  in  3  not  reaching  beyond 
frons,  in  $  with  third  joint  a  little  longer,  reaching  beyond  Irons  ;  deep  red,  be- 
neath paler.  Vertex  pale  green.  Antenna  in  cJ  with  short  pectinations  to  about 
the  27th  joint,  the  last  few  mere  teeth,  the  longest  of  the  inner  series  scarcely 
longer  than,  of  the  outer  series  .scarcely  three  times  as  long  as,  the  diameter  of 
the  shaft ;  in  $  not  pectinate.  Thorax  above  green  (abdomen  in  both  examples 
discoloured  ;  apparently  with  some  red  markings  dorsally).  Hindtibia  in  (J 
dilated,  with  hair-pencil. 

Forewinq  with  apex  rather  sharp,  termen  almost  straight  in  the  <J,  rather 
more  bent  in  the  middle  in  the  $;  SC  free,  R'  stalked  or  separate;  bluish 
green,  a  little  duller  than  in  ruhrimargo  Warr.  ;  costal  edge  very  narrowly 
ochreous,  with  dark  dots  ;  first  line  slightlj^  indicated,  apparently  about  a.s  in 
ruhrimargo  ;  cell-dot  sharp,  red  mixed  with  black,  with  a  slight  pale  circum- 
scription ;  postmedian  line  indistinct  except  near  hindmargin — where  it  fonns 
a  deep  lunule  inward — ^and  as  white  dots  on  the  veins,  apparently  formed  nearly 
as  in  ruhrimargo,  but  more  distally  placed  ;  neither  line  accompanied  by  any 
red  dot  ;  terminal  line  red,  mixed  with  black,  slightly  interrupted  at  the  veins  ; 
fringe  proximally  white  between  the  veins,  with  longer  or  shorter  reddish  marks 
opposite   the   veins  ;     distally   apparently   reddish    grey    (sonie\\hat   damaged). 

Hindiving  narrower  than  in  ruhrimargo  \^'arr.  and  fuscimargo  Prout  (Nov. 

ZooL.  xxiii.  16),  abdominal  margin  long  ;  tail  at  R'  rather  strong  ;  C  anasto- 
mosing slightly  with  SC  near  base,  M'  almost  connate  with  R'  ;  as  forewing, 
without  antemedian  line. 

Underside  whitish  green,  the  discal  dot.s  shghtly  indicated  ;  costal  edge 
of  forewing  light  ochreous,  more  feebly  dotted  than  above  ;  terminal  line  and 
fringe  nearly  as  above. 

Khasis,  Maj^  1896.      3  type  and  a  9  in  coll.  Tring  Museum. 

The  pale-ringed  discal  dots,  .somewhat  recalling  Cyclothea  disjuncta  Walli., 
distinguish  this  from  all  other  species  of  Hemistola. 

21.  lodis  rhabdota  spec.  nov. 

(J  ?,  33-35  mm.  On  an  average  larger  than  iridescens  ^^'arr.  Palpus  in  £ 
with  third  joint  a  little  shorter,  antenna  in  S  pectinate  to  about  one-half  its 

length  (in  iridescens  to  about  two-thirds),  the  branches  not  quite  so  long. 

Forewing  slightly  broader,  the  termen  less  oblique  ;  SC  connate  (in  one 
example  just  from  cell),  free,  R'  stalked  ;  the  white  ground-colour  rather  less 
opalescent  than  in  iridescens,  more  tinged  with  green  ;  costal  margin  less  dark  ; 
bands  broader,  the  postmedian  less  obUque  anteriorly,  rather  more  dentate. 
Hindioing  with  corresponding  distinctions. 

Khasis,  Februarj' — March  1894.  Type  in  coll.  Tring  Museum.  Also  a  ,i 
from  Sikkim  (Knyvett). 

Intermediate  in  colour  towards  coeruleata  Warr.,  which  is  still  greener,  has 
nearly  the  shape  of  the  present  species,  but  the  antennal  structure  of  iridescens, 
and  is  distinguished  from  both  by  the  postmedian  line  of  the  forewing,  which 
is  rather  deeply  sinuate  inward  between  the  radials  and  moderately  between 
M«  and  SM«. 


NOVITATES  ZoOLOaiCAE  XXIV.    1917.  301 

22.  lodis  colpostrophia  spec.  nov. 

(J,  33  mm.  Very  similar  to  coeruleata  Warr.,  possibly  a  local  race  of  it. 
Forewing  with  apex  less  pointed,  termen  distinctly  curved  (in  coeruleata 
straight)  ;  SC  almost  connate  with  SC-"',  not  anastomosing  with  C,  R'  connate, 
M'  just  separate ;  apparently  rather  deeper,  and  at  the  same  time  yellower, 
green  than  in  coeruleata  (but  probably  a  little  discoloured  in  relaxing) ;  bands 
broader  and  still  more  ill-defined,  except  the  second  band  distally,  where  it  is 
edged  by  a  rather  sharply  white  postmedian  line,  which  is  even  more  deeply 
dentate  than  in  coeruleata ;  similar  dark-green  shading  about  DC,  suggesting 

a  long-oval,    pale-centred   cell-mark    (sometimes   indicated   in   coeruleata). 

Hindivmg  rather  broad,  with  the  tail  rather  short ;  the  green  antcmedian  band 
rather  well  developed  except  at  coeta,  partly  merged  with  a  green  line  just 
outside  DC,  so  as  to  enclose  a  roundish  pale  cell-mark. 

South  Java,  1,500  m.,  1891  (H.  Fruhstorfer).    Type  in  coll.  Tring  Museum. 

A  $  from  Rukit.Putus,  Selangore,  3,000  ft.,  May  1896  (Curtis),  is  rather 
larger ;  palpus  at  least  twice  as  long  as  diameter  of  eye,  with  long  third  joint ; 
R'  shortly  stalked.  I  know  no  authentic  $  of  coeruleata,  but  in  a  worn  specimen 
from  Digboi,  Assam,  which  I  have  provisionally  determined  as  such,  the  palpus 
is  not  more  than  one-and-thrce-quarter  times  the  diameter  of  eye. 

23.  lodis  xynia  spec.  nov. 

■S,  25-28  mm.  ;  ?,  32  mm.  Face  pale  green.  Palpus  in  <J  fully  half  as 
long  again  as  diameter  of  eye,  with  third  joint  shortish  ;  in  $  fully  two-and-a- 
half  times  diameter  of  eye,  with  third  joint  fully  as  long  as  second  ;  mixed  with 
ferruginous  above,  white  beneath.  Antenna  in  (J  pectinate  to  one-half,  with 
longish  branches.  Vertex  narrowly  white  ;  occiput  green.  Thorax  green 
above,  white  beneath.  Abdomen  above  green  basally,  otherwise  whitish  ; 
beneath  white.  Hindtibia  in  3  with  strong  ensheathed  hair-pencil  ;  tarsus 
slightly  over  one-half  as  long  as  tibia. 

Wings  shaped  as  in  argutaria  Walk,  or  iridescens  Warr.- Forewing  with 

SC  connate  or  occasionally  stalked  (in  one  Dharmsala  3  just  separate),  ana- 
stomosing rather  strongly  with  C  and  with  SC  ;  opalescent  white,  the  reflections 
in  most  lights  pearl-blue  ;  irroration  fine,  light  oUve-greenish  ;  costal  edge 
ochreous  ;  the  greenish  shades  which  accompany  the  fines  and  cell-mark,  as 
well  as  that  at  distal  margin,  diffuse  and  ill-defined  ;  lines  white  ;  antemedian 
ill-defined  at  costa,  less  so  posteriorly,  placed  at  less  than  one-fourth  the  wing- 
length  anteriorly,  lunulate  outward  between  the  veins  (but  not  deeply),  reach- 
ing hind  margin  at  about  one-third  ;  postmedian  more  distinct,  2  or  3  mm. 
from  termen,  lunulate-dentate,  not  .strongly  incurved  between  the  radials  and 
posteriorly,  as  near  termen  at  SM-  as  at  M' ;  termen  \vith  minute  and  incon- 
spicuous white  dots  at  veins. Hiridwing  with  first  line  weak  or  obsolescent  ; 

otherwise  similar. 

Underside  opalescent  ^hite  ;  forewing  with  costal  half  tinged  with  greenish, 
costal  edge  bright  ochreous. 

North  India.     Type,  Khasis,  March  1894,  in  coll.  Tring  Museum. 

Represented  in  most  collections,  but  hitherto  apparently  mixed  with  argu- 
taria Walk.,  which  is  very  different  in  the  less  long  $  palpus,  darker  green  colour, 
deeply  sinuous  and  posteriorly  thickened  postmedian  line  and  various  other  points. 


302  NOVTTATES   ZOOLOGICAE   XXIV.    1917, 

24.  Berta  poppaea  spec.  nov. 

(J  9,  23  mm.  Shape  and  structure  about  as  in  acte  Swinh.  (hindlegs  lost 
in  the  only  cJ).  Head  and  body  olivaceous  ;  vertex  only  very  narrowly  and 
inconspicuously  white  in  front.     Base  of  antenna  white. 

Forewing  with  costa  arched,  termen  shghtly  curved  ;  SC  anastomosing 
strongly  -with  C,  well  free  from  SC  ;  dull  olivaceous,  costal  edge  narrowly 
ochreous  ;  antemedian  line  white,  indistinct,  indicated  chiefly  by  two  slender 
outward  curves  (in  cell  and  between  M  and  SM-)  ;  two  white  dots  on  disco- 
cellulars,  that  on  DC  the  larger,  somewhat  elongate ;  a  slender,  zigzag  white 
postmedian  line,  broken  up  into  dots  and  small  lunules,  its  position  and  general 
course  about  as  in  lodis  annulifera  Warr.,  the  lunule  bet\\'een  JM-  and  SBP  rather 
thick ;  termen  with  white  dots  at  ends  of  veins,  the  anterior  ones  small,  the  posterior 
elongate. Hindwing  similar,  with  the  cell-dots  almost  or  altogether  obsolete. 

Mount  Wuchi,  Hainan,  May  1903.     S  (type)  and  2  $?  in  coll.  Tring  Museum. 

No  other  Oriental  Berta  shows  so  little  white  marking.  Structurally,  this 
species,  acte,  and  annulifera  suggest  transitions  between  this  genus  and  lodis. 

25.  Berta  subrectistriga  spec.  nov. 

(?,  25  mm.  Structure  about  as  in  acte  Swinh.,  third  joint  of  palpus  slightly 
longer  in  proportion.  Face  olivaceous.  Palpus  olivaceous  above,  white  beneath. 
Vertex  narrowly  and  rather  irregularly  white  ;  occiput  olivaceous.  Thorax 
and  abdomen  ;:bove  olivaceous,  with  large  white  spots,  which  decrease  in  size 
posteriorly;    b  neath  mostly  white.     Legs  olivaceous,  on  inner  side  white. 

Forewimj  shaped  nearly  as  in  acte  or  with  costal  and  distal  margins  still 
straighter  ;  olivaceous  ;  white  markings  proximaUy  to  the  postmedian  nearly 
as  in  chrysolineata  Walk.,  the  compound  cell-mark  broader,  especially  in  its 
posterior  half,  less  8-shaped,  in  that  its  outer  and  inner  sides  do  not  touch  in 
the  middle  ;  a  white  postmedian  band,  straightish  on  its  outer  edge  (shghtly 
more  oblique  than  termen),  throwing  out  broad  and  deep,  fairly  uniform,  inter- 
neural  teeth  proximally  ;  subterminal  white  Une  thin  between  SC  and  R'  and 
between  R'  and  R',  otherwise  rather  thick,  continuous  except  for  exceedingly 
fine  interruptions  at  and  midway  between  the  veins  ;   termen  and  fringe  about 

as  in  chrysolineata. Hindwing  with  the  excision  between  R'  and  R'  almost 

as  deep  as  in  chrysolineata  ;  white  markings  broad,  especially  a  postdiscal  band, 
which  is  only  cut  by  slender  olivaceous  veins  ;  postmedian  line  zigzag,  con- 
tinuous, fairly  thick  but  nowhere  thickened  into  round  spots  ;  subterminal, 
termen,  and  fringe  nearly  as  on  forewing. 

Underside  white,  tinged  with  olivaceous  in  places. 

Mount  Dulangar,  Mindoro,  PhiUppines,  4,500-5,500  ft.,  November  1895— 
January   1896  (J.  Whitehead).     Type  in  coll.  Tring  Museum. 

26.  Berta  zygophyxia  Prout. 

Berta  chry-inlineala  zygophyzia  Prout,  Gen.  Ins.  faac.  129.  p.  234  (1912). 

I  think  this  must  be  a  separate  species,  as  it  sometimes  occurs  together 
with  chrysolineata  Wallv.  I  now  know  it  from  Penang,  Pcrak,  Singapore,  Bali, 
British  New  Guinea,  the  Admiralty  and  the  Solomon  Islands,  and  it  will  certainly 
be  detected  in  some  intervening  locaUties.  By  an  oversight  I  neglected  to  state 
that  the  type  is  from  Bali. 


NOVITATES    ZOOLOOICAE    XXIV.     1917.  303 

27.  Berta  copiosa  spec.  nov. 

(J,  23  mm.  Face  pale  olivaceous.  Palpus  with  third  joint  shortish  ;  oliva- 
ceous, beneath  white.  Vertex  white.  Occiput  mixed  with  olivaceous.  An- 
tenna bipectinate  to  about  the  middle.  Thorax  and  abdomen  above  olivaceous, 
with  indistinct  whitish  spots  ;  beneath  more  mixed  with  white.  Hindtarsus 
less  than  half  as  long  as  tibia. 

Forewing  shaped  as  in  chrysolineata  Walk.  ;  discocellulars  characteristic  ; 
SC  from  cell,  anastomosing  slightly  with  C,  8C=  arising  after  SC,  free  ;  dull 
olivaceous,  with  some  slight  whitish  irroration  ;  markings  sharply  white  ;  two 
spots  between  the  veins  near  base  ;  antemedian  line  thickened  and  lunulate 
outward  in  cell,  still  more  deeply  lunulate  outward  in  submedian  area,  but 
proximally  filled  in  with  white  so  as*to  form  a  spot  ;  a  small  spot  in  cell  just 
proximal  to  DC  and  some  vaguer  spots  behind  it ;  an  elongate  costal  mark 
from  just  proximally  of  DC  to  the  ana.stomosis  of  SC  with  C  ;  partly  confluent 
with  this  costal  mark  is  an  irregularly  quadrate  patch  between  the  radials  slightly 
beyond  the  cell  ;  elongate  interneural  marks  just  beyond  this,  between  costal 
margin  and  R' ;  postmedian  line  zigzag,  thickened  proximally  into  a  double 
spot  between  the  radials,  interrupted  at  M',  reappearing  rather  more  proximally 
as  three  large  interneural  spots  between  M'  and  hindmargin,  the  first  the  largest ; 
subterminal  line  broken  into  spots,  wanting  between  R=  and  R^  small  posteriorly; 
termen  and  fringe  as  in  chrysolineata. Hindwing  similar,  but  with  a  con- 
spicuous spot  on  middle  of  abdominal  margin  in  ahgnment  with  the  radial, 
postdiscal  patch,  which  is  less  quadrate  (more  transversely  elongate)  than  on 
forewing. 

Underside  white,  with  slight  ohvaceous  cell-marks  (irregularly  ocellated 
in  their  anterior  part)  and  wavy  olivaceous  transverse  lines,  the  postmedian 
thickened  into  an  irregular,  narrow  band,  the  subterminal  also  distinct. 

Naga  Hills,  Assam,  1,500-3,000  ft.,  September— October  1889  (W.  Doherty). 
Type  in  coll.  Tring  Museum. 

28.  Comostola  hypotyphla  spec.  nov. 

?,  25  mm.  Face  red.  Palpus  about  two-and-a-half  times,  third  joint  almost 
as  long  as,  diameter  of  eye.  Vertex  white  ;  occiput  green.  $  antenna  somewhat 
serrate.     Thorax  above  green,  abdomen  mixed  with  whitish. 

Forewing  with  SC  from  cell,  free,  R'  barely  stalked,  DC  not  extremely 
sinuous  ;  Ught  glaucous  green,  nearly  as  in  7nacvkita,  Moore  ;  costal  edge  narrowly 
whitish,  unspotted  ;  antemedian  dots  on  M  and  SM= ;  the  dull  red  cell-dot 
small,  not  pale-centred,  the  whitish  ring  around  it  very  slender  ;  postmedian 
yellowish  white,  consisting  of  moderate  dots  on  R'  and  R«  nearly  4  mm.  from 
termen,  a  curved  Hue  (confluent  elongate  dots)  from  R'  to  beyond  M'  slightly 
nearer  to  termen,  a  dot  at  M=  slightly  receding  and  a  nearly  vertical  mark  from 
fold  to  hindmargin  nearly  4  mm.  from  tornus  ;  some  red  scales  sometimes  notice- 
able at  distal  edge  of  these  spots  ;  terminal  line  white,  accompanied  proximally 
by  some  short  and  very  slender  dark  reddish  interneural  dashes  ;  fringe  white, 

with  a  tinge  of  green. Hindwing  with  termen  bent  at  R'  ;    cell-mark  as  on 

forewing  ;  postmedian  line  chiefly  marked  by  lunules  on  R'  and  R'-M'  and  a 
somewhat  enlarged  spot  on  middle  of  abdominal  margin  ;  terminal  line  and 
fringe  as  on  forewing. 


304  NOVITATES    ZOOLOOICAE    XXIV.     1917. 

Underside  whitish  blue-green,  unmarked  ;  costal  edge  of  forewing  ochreous, 
slightly  shaded  with  rufous  basally,  a  still  slighter  rufous  suffusion  over  a  wide 
area  proximaUy  except  towards  hindmargin. 

N.  India:  Dalhousie,  May  1891.     Type  in  coll.  Tring  Museum. 

A  pair  from  Dharmsala  (=  nymph  a  But!.,  III.  Het.  vii.  22,  ex.  err.  det.) 
show  the  (J  antennal  pectinations  to  be  long,  hindtibia  not  much  thickened. 
Differs  from  maculata  Moore  in  its  small  size,  more  bent  termen  of  hindwing, 
reduced  ocelli,  better  developed  and  less  deeply  bent  postmedian  line,  and 
especially  in  having  the  discocellulars  of  the  forewing  of  more  normal  Comostola 
form  ;  albifitnbria  Warr.  and  maculata  Moore  should,  strictly  speaking,  be  placed 
in   Gomostolopsis,  making  a  transition  towards  Comostola. 

29.  Comostola  demeritaiia  spec.  nov. 

(J  ?,  18-21  mm.  Face  light  reddisli,  becoming  more  ochreous  below.  Palpus 
in  (J  about  one-and-a-half  times  diameter  of  eye,  in  ?  about  two-and-a-half 
times  ;  light  ochreous,  strongly  mixed  with  red  except  beneath.  Vertex  and 
antennal  shaft  very  pale  sulphur-yellow  ;  S  pectinations  four  or  five  times 
diameter  of  shaft.  Occiput  green,  separated  from  the  yellow  vertex  by  a  slender 
red  line.  Thorax  and  abdomen  green  above,  white  beneath  and  at  anal  extremity. 
Hindtibia  in  S  dilated,  but  without  terminal  process. 

Forewing  with  DC  little  bent  at  origin  of  R^  SC  from  cell  or  shortly  stalked, 
R'  stalked  or  occasionally  connate  ;  light  blue-green,  almost  as  in  laesaria 
Walk,  or  a  shade  bluer  ;  costal  edge  pale  yellow,  with  the  dark  speckling  gener- 
ally slight,  no  dark  spots  at  origin  of  hnes  ;  lines  represented  by  double  spots, 
their  approximated  parts  very  pale  yellow,  their  reverse  parts  red  ;  the  ante- 
median  spots  placed  on  SM-  at  one-third  and  (smaller,  sometimes  obsolescent) 
on  M  ;  the  postmedian  on  all  the  veins  from  R'  hindward,  slightly  excurved 
between  R-  and  SM-,  those  on  R'-JI'  confluent,  that  on  SM-  confluent  with  a 
spot  at  about  two-thirds  hindmargin,  the  rest  small,  sometimes  obsolescent  ; 
cell-spot  moderate,  roundish,  rather  duller  than  in  laesaria  ;  terminal  line  rather 
strong,  interrupted  at  veins,  red  proximally.  dark  and  metallic  distally,  in  places 
separated  from  fringe  by  an  exceedingly  slender  white  line  ;   fringe  pale  yellow, 

with  an  obhque  dark  mark  at  apex. Hindwing  rather  long  and  narrow, 

termen  bluntly  bent  at  R'  ;  antemedian  line  wanting,  cell-spot  rather  larger, 
oftenest  diamond-shaped,  some  light  metallic  scales  in  its  middle. 

Underside  whitish  blue-green,  costal  edge  of  forewing  and  all  fringes 
yellowish  ;    ceU-spots  feebly  showing  through. 

Khasis,  December  to  April.  A  series  in  coll.  Tring  Museum,  the  type  dated 
March   1894.     Also  in  other  collections. 

Not  differentiated  by  Warren  from  meritaria  Walk.  ;  vnngs  rather  less 
broad,  discocellulars  much  less  characteristic,  cell-spots  less  large,  vertex  and 
antenna  less  white. 

30.  Comostola  cedilla  spec.  nov. 

(J,  22  mm.  ;   ?,  25  mm.     Face  dull  dark  red,  sometimes  mixed  with  blackish  ; 

very   narrowly    white   below.     Palpus    ochreous   and    reddish    above,    whitish 

beneath  ;  second  joint  with  some  black  irroration  on  outer  side.     Crown  much 

mixed  with  red  and  with  a  little  black.     Base  of  antennal  shaft  somewhat  mixed 


NOVITATES   ZOOLOOICAE    XXIV.    1917.  305 

with  black  ;  pectinations  in  <?,  at  their  longest  point,  scarcely  three  times  diameter 
of  shaft.     Thorax  and  abdomen  as  in  the  allies  (chlorargyra  group). 

Porewlng  bright  green,  rather  more  yellowish  than  in  the  allies  ;  the  white 
costal  edge  rather  broad,  strongly  tinged  (excepting  the  pure  white  basal  sub- 
costal streak)  with  red  and — -especially  at  costal  extremity — with  some  metallic 
blackish  irroration  ;  midcostal  streak  rather  broad  and  reaching  to  the  posterior 
end  of  DC  ;  distal  border  of  equal  width  throughont,  its  white  element  con- 
tinuing round  the  apex  between  SC  and  SC*  to  about  3  mm.  from  termen,  where 
it  curves  forward  in  a  cedilla-shaped  mark  and  is  lost  in  the  reddish  suffusion  ; 
oblique  mark  from  tornus  fairly  broad  but  rather  short.,  pure  white,  only  at 
extreme  tornus  tinged  with  yellow. — ■ — Hinclwing  as  in  the  allies. 

Underside  with  the  suffusions  predominantly  greenish,  on  the  hind  wing 
almost  entirely  so. 

Upper  Aroa  River,  British  New  Guinea,  March  1903,  type  S,  and  February 
1903,  ?;  Kumusi  River,  N.E.  British  New  Guinea,  low  elevation,  August— - 
September  1907.  All  in  coll.  Tring  Museum,  collected  by  A.  S.  Meek.  Also  from 
Penang  and  Perak  in  the  same  collection  and  from  Singapore  and  Borneo  in  coll. 
Brit.  Mus. 

The  <J  antennal  pectinations  are  much  shorter  than  in  an}'  other  of  the 
group,  unless  it  be  the  very  distinct  iodioules  T.  P.  Luc.  (  =  eucraspeda  Turn., 
syn.  nov.),*  of  which  only  the   ?  is  known. 

31.  Pyrrhorachis  pyrrhogona  (Walk.). 

I  am  now  inclined  to  think  that  Warren  was  correct  in  separating  his  cornuia 
(Nov.  ZOOL.  iii.  292)  as  a  distinct  species.  If  not,  it  is  a  constant  race  with  very 
wide  distribution  (New  Guinea  and  its  satellite  islands  and  again  on  Borneo 
— not  yet  kno\\Ti  to  me  from  the  intervening  area).  In  any  case  the  forms  still 
left  under  pyrrhogona  vary  geographically.  Walker  described  from  South  India 
and  his  form  has  the  distal  border  of  the  forewing  rather  narrow,  not  swelling 
appreciably  at  the  tornus.  The  AustraUan  form,  marginata  T.  P.  Luc,  seems 
only  separable  by  its  larger  size. 

P.  p.  angnstata  ( Warr.  MS.)  subsp.  nov.  A  single  9  in  coll.  Tring  Museum, 
from  Lifu,  Loyalty  Islands,  has  the  distal  borders  still  narrower,  thread-Uke. 

Another  uniqtie  specimen,  deliciosa  Warr.,  from  the  Natuna  Islands,  may 
be  a  subspecies  with  the  border  broadened  and  not  traversed  by  blackish  metallic 
scaling,  but  as  the  hindwing  is  rather  less  elongate,  I  have  left  it  provisionally  ag 
a  separate  species. 

P.  p.  tnrgescens  subsp.  nov.,  from  the  Khasis,  is  easih'  and  constantly  dis- 
tinguishable from  the  name-type  by  having  the  marginal  spot  between  tornus 
and  M'  of  the  forewing  considerably  enlarged,  more  than  twice  as  broad  as  the 
rest  of  the  series  ;  the  apical  and  tornal  borders  of  the  hindwing  also  show  a 
tendency  to  enlargement.     Type  in  coll.  Tring  Museum. 

It  is  desirable  to  add  that  the  specimen  from  which  the  genitalia  were 
diagnosed  {Gen.  Ins.  fasc.  129,  p.  239)  was  a  Khasi  example  (subsp.  turgescens) 
in  my  collection. 

*  Lucas's  type  is  in  coll.  Tring  Museum.  It  was  unknown  to  me  when  I  prepared  Pt.  14  of  the 
LepidopUrorum  Catalogus,  and  I  merely  cited  the  name  under  Agathia,  in  which  genue  its  author 
quite  erroneously  published  it. 

20 


306  NOVITATES   ZOOLOQIOAE   XXIV.    1917. 

SuBFAM.  STERRHINAE. 
32.  Rhodostrophia  plesiochora  spec.  iiov. 

■3,  27  mm.  ;  ?,  30  mm.  .Similar  to  meonaria  Guen.  (Prout  in  Scitz,  Macrolep. 
iv.  t.  7  a),  with  which  it  has  been  mixed.  Artennal  pectinations  shorter,  scarcely 
over  twice  diameter  of  shaft.     Wings  shorter,  particiilarly  in  the   (J. 

Forewing  rather  more  oehreous  (in  the  most  deeply  coloured  examples  of  meo~ 
narin  tending  rather  to  olivaceous),  rather  more  glossy,  a  faint  grey  antemcdian 
line  indicated  except  at  costa  ;  postmedian  line  relatively  farther  from  termen, 
rather  less  oblique,  generally'  less  red,  the  narrow  band  beyond  it  shadowy  ; 
subterniinal  grey  line  well  expressed  ;    a  narrow  pink  shade  at  termen  (rarth' 

indicated  in  meonaria  except  on  the  terminal  line  itself). Hindwing  generally 

rather  more  oehreous  than  in  meonaria  ;  cell-dot  present ;  postmedian  pink 
shade  broader,  but  above  never  reaching  nearly  to  costa.  beneath  rounded 
anteriorly  (not,  as  in  meoimria,  angulated)  ;   subterniinal  line  better  developed. 

West  China:  Pu-tsu-fong,  9,820  ft.,  June— July  1890,  type  <J  and  a  2; 
Chow-pin-sa,  2  ,Jc?,  1  9;  all  these  in  coll.  Brit.  ]\his.  Omei-shan,  1  (J  in  coll. 
Tring  Museum.  Teng-jTieh-Ting ,  1  $  in  coll.  Joicey.  Vrianatong,  Tibet,  1  ? 
in  coll.  L.  B.  Prout. 

Erroneouslj'  referred  to  under  meoiuiria  in  Seitz,  Macrolep.  iv.  40  ;  the 
Kashmir  examples,  including  the  figure,  are  true  meonaria. 

33.  Rhodostrophia  bisinuata  ^A'arr. 

Rhodostrophia  bisinuata  Warr.,  Noi:  Zuul.  ii.  98  (1895) ;   Prout  in  Seitz,  Macrolep.  iv.  43  (1913). 
Rhodostrophia  sinensis  Prout  in  Seitz,  Macrolep.  iv.  43  (1913)  {R.  vinacearia  subsp.,  ?  sp.)  (syn.  nov.). 

Warren  founded  this  species  on  a  single  $  said  to  be  from  "Japan,"  but 
no  doubt  really  from  West  China  ;  several  other  specimens  in  the  Tring  Museum 
belonging  to  the  latter  fauna  (for  instance,  a  Somatina  mendicaria  Leech  and 
an  Anisephijra  hrnnnearia  Leech,  both  presumably  topotypical  with  some  of 
Leech's  originals)  bear  the  same  erroneous  labels.  When  I  was  at  work  on 
the  genus  Rhodostrophia  for  Seitz,  Warren's  type  was  not  accessible  to  me  and 
I  merely  quoted  the  original  description  ;  but  on  p.  44,  in  erecting  a  new  species, 
Tanaotrichia  orientis,  I  suggested  the  possibility  that  the  last-named  might 
prove  to  be  a  form  of  Warren's  lost  species.  Subsequently  (Nov.  ZooL.  xxii, 
324)  1  erroneouslj'  accepted  this  suggestion  and  wrote  "bisinuata  Warr.  = 
orientis  Prout,"  which  must  be  corrected  to  "  orientis  Prout."  The  females  of 
the  two  species  are  confusingly  similar,  but  a  careful  study  of  Warren's  type, 
together  with  the  rest  of  the  available  material,  has  shown  conclusively  that 
bisinuata  Warr.  is  the  true  Rhodostrophia  and  supplants  my  sinensis.  I  think 
it  will  prove  a  valid  species  rather  than  a  race  of  vinacearia  Moore.  I  now  know 
it  from  Chang  Yang,  Szechuan,  Teng-yueh-Ting  (Yunnan,  near  the  Burmese 
frontier),  and  Vrianatong  (Tibet). 

34.  Discoglypha  aureifloris  parvifloris  subsp.  nov. 

cJ  ?,  30-32  mm.  Slightly  paler  and  mure  rufous-tinged  than  a.  aureifloris 
Warr.  (Nov.  Zool.  iii.   111). 

Hindwing  with  the   mark  behind  the   cell    much  smaller,   only  extending 


NOVITATES   ZOOLOGICAE  XXIV.    1917.  307 

for  about  the   middle   half   of   DC'-',   narrow,  the  distal  projection   along   R' 
small  or  almost  wanting. 

Silikim,  type  S,  Darjiling,  paratype  $  (H.  J.  Elwes),  in  coll.  Tring  Museum. 

35.  Discoglypha  locupletata  spec.  nov. 

(J,  26-28  mm.  Closely  similar  to  aureifloris  Warr.,  but  much  more  mixed 
with  rufous,  so  as  to  approach  the  tone  of  D.  lnfkiinim.ita  Warr.  and  variostigma 
Warr. 

Forewing  with  the  lines  in  general  somewhat  thicker,  the  median  and 
postmedian  placed  farther  from  the  temien  ;  an  irregular  submarginal  series  of 
yellow  spots,  the  one  between  R'  and  M'  large.st  and  roundest,  the  two  between 
SC  and  R'  sometimes  confluent,  those  between  R'  and  R'  minute  or  obsolescent  ; 
the  spots  behind  M'  are  placed  quite  near  the  termen  and  are  accompanied 
proximal]}'  by  some  slight  dark  shading. Hindwing  with  corresponding  dis- 
tinctions in  the  distal  area  ;  cell-mark  unicolorous  pale  golden,  not  marked 
with  rufous  orange  as  in  aureifloris. 

Khasis,  April  1895,  type  and  another,  August  1896,  February  1897,  in  coll. 
Tring  Museum.  A  single  $  from  the  same  locality,  November  1894,  is  larger 
(32  mm.),  with  the  cell-mark  of  hindwing  reduced. 

This  has  hitherto  been  passed  over  as  an  aberration  of  avreifloris,  but  as 
all  the  diiferences  are  constant  I  suspect  it  is  a  vahd  species,  though  I  have  not 
yet  found  any  structural  distinction. 

36.  Nobilia  turbata  Walk. 

Nohilia  tarbata  Walk.,  List  Lep.  his.  xxiv.  1098  (1862)  (Sarawak). 

Plutodes  strigularia  Snell.  in  Veth,  Midden  Sumatra  i.  (8.)  p.  57  (1880),  syn.  nov.  (Sumatra). 

Pltttodes  (Omiza)  strigularia  Pageast.,  Jahrh.  Nass.  Ver.  Nat.  xli.  178  (1888). 

This  widely  distributed  species  shows  interesting  indications  of  incipient 
geographical  variations,  but  the  races  do  not  seem  to  be  yet  constant  enough 
to  warrant  naming.  On  Borneo  (the  type-locality)  and  also — so  far  as  less 
adequate  material  shows— the  Malay  Peninsula,  Nias,  Sumatra,  Java,  and 
Celebes,  the  rufous  parts,  especially  of  the  forewing,  have  a  rather  strong  dark 
admixture.  In  North  India  (Sikkim,  Assam)  the  rufous  is  always  bright  and 
clear,  such  as  can  only  occasionally  be  matched  in  the  localities  named  above. 
In  New  Guinea  and  its  islands  (Ron,  Dampier,  Vulcan,  Goodenough,  Fergusson) 
the  darkening  often  proceeds  even  further  than  in  the  Malayan  subregion,  but 
again  with  some  mingling  of  redder  specimens  ;  here,  too,  the  underside  is,  on 
the  whole,  rather  more  mixed  with  reddish.  As  with  several  other  species,  the 
geographical  range,  so  far  as  at  present  known,  is  discontinuous,  for  cnpreata 
Pagen.st.,  Jahrh.  Nass.  Ver.  Nat.  xU.  178  (  =  nebulosa  Warr.,  Nov.  Zool,  iv. 
58,  syn.  nov.),  from  Amboina,  must,  I  think,  be  accorded  specific  right.  1 
have  seen  no  otlier  Nohilia  from  the  Moluccas. 

37.  Antitrygodes  parvimacula  privativa  subsp.  nov. 

S  $.  Forewing  entirely  without  green  spots  in  the  basal  area  ;  the  green 
spots  on  either  side  of  the  discocellulars  also  reduced  in  size  and  not  followed 
by  any  further  green  spots  posteriorly. 


308  NOTITATES    ZOOLOQICAE   XXIV.    1917. 

Rook  Island,  July — ^August  1913  (A.  S.  Meek).    Type  in  coll.  Tring  Museum. 

A.  parvimacula  Warr.  (Nov.  Zool.  iii.  293),  described  from  Fergusson  and 
the  Trobriand  Islands,  shows  decided  tendencies  to  geographical  variations, 
but — as  with  Nohilia  turbata — the  majority  are  not  sufficient)}'  sharp  to 
merit  names.  The  island  forms  (Obi  Major,  Key  Islands.  Trobriands,  Rook, 
Louisiades)  are  in  general  rather  smaller  than  those  from  the  mainland  of  New 
Guinea,  the  easterly  forms  also  in  general  more  strongly  suffused  with  purple. 
On  the  mainland  the  spots  are  generally  larger  than  in  the  Trobriand  tj'pe,  en 
St.  Aignan,  Rossel,  and  Sudest  Island  smaller,  with  some  aberrations  approach- 
ing p.  privativa,  especially  in  the  median  area,  but  always  with  a  strongly  deve- 
loped subbasal  green  spot  persisting  between  M  and  8M'.  The  Australian  form 
(divisaria  Turn.,  Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  New  South  Wales,  xxxii.  676,  nee  Walk.) 
does  not  seem  to  differ  from  that  of  New  Guinea. 


38.  Antitrygodes  subaeciualis  spec.  nov. 

cJ,  36  mm.  Face  black,  in  places  mixed  with  reddish.  Palpus  pale,  mixed 
(except  beneath)  with  blackish.  Crown  and  base  of  antenna  whitish  ;  occiput 
narrowly  black.  Antennal  ciliation  little  longer  than  diameter  of  shaft.  Collar 
reddish  brown.     Thorax  and  abdomen  whitish,  tegula  with  a  few  reddish  scales. 

Forewing  with  SC  and  stalk  of  SC— '  connate  from  apex  of  areole  ;  whitish, 
with  fine  and  very  sparse  dark  irroration,  here  and  there  also  a  few  oUve-green 
or  reddish  scales  ;  a  rather  small  olive-green  subbasal  spot  between  M  and 
SM'  ;  a  tripartite  green  median  band  from  subcostal  region  to  just  across  SM% 
anteriorly  nearly  4  mm.  wide,  posteriorly  little  less,  the  element  in  the  cell 
rounder  than  in  divisaria,  that  bej'ond  it  less  produced  distally  than  in  that 
species,  the  two  rather  broadly  separated  by  the  pale  discal  mark,  the  posterior 
element  slightly  produced  distally  along  SM',  anteriorly  confluent  mth  the 
others  distally  (about  M'),  separated  proximaUy  by  a  projection  of  the  ground- 
colour at  the  fork  of  M  and  M-  ;  a  slender,  strongly  curved,  faintly  waved, 
light  brown  line  from  just  beyond  two-thirds  costa  to  five-sixths  hindmargin  ; 
four  olive  subapical  spots  between  SC  and  R',  the  last  small,  confluent  with 
the  preceding  one  into  an  angulated  mark  on  R^  pointing  to  and  rather 
closely  approaching  the  termen ;  rather  faint  brownish  subterminal  fines 
traceable  except  near  costa,  becoming  bright  rust  brown  at  tornus,  to  which 
the  proximal  runs,  while  the  distal  terminates  on  the  distal  margin  itself  ; 
terminal  line  brown,  shghtly  thickened  between  the  veins  ;  fringe  white, 
tinged   with   pink  at  tornus,   traversed   in   the   middle    by  some  very  feeble 

brown    dusting    and    with  traces    of    spots    opposite  the  veins. Hindwing 

not  very  deeply  dentate  ;  base  whitish,  with  sUght  speckles  ;  median  green 
spots  similar  to  those  of  forewing,  the  one  beyond  the  cell  pointed  at  its 
hinder  end,  the  posterior  one  boot-shaped  ;  some  short  orange-butt  vein-dashes 
beyond  these  spots  ;  a  grey  postmedian  line  about  as  in  agrata  Feld.  ;  two  sub- 
marginal  brown  Unes,  the  red-brown  mark  on  the  proximal  (from  apex  to  R*) 
rather  thicker  anteriorly  than  in  divisaria,  the  triangular  ending,  on  the  other 
hand,  scarcely  as  large  ;   terminal  line  and  fringe  as  on  forewing. 

Underside  similar  to  that  of  parvimacula  Warr.,  the  greenish  median  bands 
more  discernible  and  broader,  containing  rather  distinct  whitish  cell-marks 
the  outer  band  of  the  hindwing  receding  much  more  from  the  distal  margin, 


NOVITATES    ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV.     1917.  309 

especially  between  apex  and  R^ ;  a  narrower  and  weaker  band  distally  to  this, 
leaving  it  at  apex,  angulated  outward  at  R'  (close  to  tennen)  and  rejoining  it 
about  M'. 

Isabel  Island,  June  4— July  9,  1901  (A.  S.  Meek).  Type  in  coll.  Tring 
Museum. 

39.  Problepsis  conjunctiva  subjunctiva  subsp.  nov. 

(J,  30-33  mm.  Considerably  smallei'  than  c.  conjunctiva  Wair.  (Proc.  Zool. 
Soc.  Lond.  1893,  p.  358),  from  Sikkim,  Bhotan,  and  Upper  Burma,  both  wings 
with  the  median  grey  band  and  outer  line  much  narrower,  more  brownish. 
Underside  less  darkly  marked. 

Cheng-Mai,  Hainan,  August  1902#    Type  in  coll.  Tring  Museum. 

40.  Problepsis  plenorbis  spec.  nov. 

?,  51  mm.     (Head  lost.)     Body  white. 

Forewing  white,  \vith  costal  edge  very  narrowly  smoky  near  base,  becom- 
ing broadly  smoky  opposite  the  discal  ocellus,  white  distaUy  ;  discal  oceUus 
large,  almost  perfectly  round,  its  diameter  nearly  7  mm.,  consisting  of  an  ohve 
circumscription,  which  has  a  width  of  not  quite  1  mm.  on  its  distal  side,  other- 
wise about  rs  mm.,  and  is  marked  on  the  proximal  half  of  its  proximal  side 
with  black  scales  and  a  dividing-hne  of  metalhc  silvery,  a  white,  brown-edged 
lunule  ,just  outside  the  discocellulars,  an  elongate  black  mark  between  R'  and 
M'  just  within  the  ohve  ring,  a  large  pink-tinged  centre  spotted  with  violaceous 
metalhc,  the  largeist  spots  being  one  in  front  of  R'  and  one  behind  M',  and  a 
fine  brown  distal  hne  separating  the  pinkish  area  from  the  olive  circumscription  ; 
an  indistinct  hght-brown  median  line  from  the  oceUus  to  hindmargin  ;  a  shghtly 
sinuous  postmedian  from  middle  of  wing  to  hindmargin,  about  2-3  mm.  from 
termen  ;  submarginal  markings  grey,  obsolescent  anteriorly,  nowhere  large  or 
very  strong,  the  proximal  series  consisting  of  interneural  spots,  the  distal  of 

thin  dashes  across  the  veins  ;    terminal  line  fine  and  rather  pale. Hiiidwing 

white,  with  a  shght  rovindish  smoky-brown  central  patch  beyond  the  cell,  on 
the  proximal  side  of  which  arises  the  characteristic  silvery  marking  ;  this  is 
open  at  its  anterior  end  (at  base  of  R'),  otherwise  complete,  though  rather  feeble 
along  hindmarginal  end  ;  its  anterior  half  is  little  over  1  mm.  wide,  with 
proximal  side  very  .slightly  cvirved  (following  the  course  of  DC'-'),  its  distal 
rather  more  curved  ;  at  M  and  R'  it  suddenly  wdens  to  3  mm.,  its  expansion 
being  almost  all  on  the  distal  side  (along  R')  ;  postmedian  line  fairly  thick, 
complete,  nearly  4  mm.  from  termen,  curving  towards  tornus  at  posterior  end  ; 
subterminal  markings  also  rather  better  developed  than  on  forewng.  other- 
wise similar. 

Forewing  beneath  with  costal  margin  more  broadly  and  strongly  darkened, 
brown,  ocellus  smoky  brown,  ringed  with  smoky  grey,  no  markings  in  it  except 
the  white  lunule,  which  is  broad  and  clear  ;  faint  traces  of  the  postmedian  hne. 
Hindwing  beneath  with  the  central  patch  vaguely  indicated. 

Benkoelen,  West  Sumatra  (Ericsson).     Type  in  coll.  Tring  Museum. 

Probably  belongs,  hke  the  species  among  which  I  have  placed  it,  to  the 
section  Problepsiodes  Warr.  (Nov.  Zool.  vi.  336),  as  its  affinities  would  seem  to 
be  with  conjunctiva  Warr.,  superans  Butl.,  etc.  It  is  the  only  specimen  of  the 
genus  known  to  me  from  vSumatra.     I  have  adopted  a  MS.  name  of  Warren's. 


310  XOVITATES    ZOOLOOICAE    XXIV.     1917. 

41.  Problepsis  crassinotata  spec.  nov. 

3,  41-43  mm.  Head  black  ;  underside  of  palpus  light-brown  to  whitish. 
Antenna  black  proximally,  brown  distall}-  ;  furnished  with  shcrtr  triangular 
teeth,  bearing  fascicles  of  long  cilia.  Thorax  and  base  of  abdomen  white  above. 
the  rest  of  the  abdomen  above  infuscated  or  blackened,  excepting  narrow  white 
posterior  edgings  to  the  segments.     Hindtarsus  almost  one-half  as  long  as  tibia. 

Forewing  creamy  white,  with  costal  edge  narrowlj-  infuscated  as  far  as  the 
postmedian  hne  ;  ocellus  rounded,  5  or  6  mm.  in  diameter,  its  circumference 
oUve-brownish,  the  circlet  of  silvery  scales  fairly  complete,  or  slightly  inter- 
rupted in  posterior  part,  where  also  an  arc  is  cut  off  by  silvery  scaUng  along  M 
and  R'  ;  centre  of  ocellus  pinkish  grey,  with  a  white  discal  line,  proximally  to  it 
a  double  black  mark  in  cell  (cut  b\'  the  silvery  ring),  posteriorly  a  large  black 
mark  between  M-  and  M'  and  a  smaller  one  between  M'  and  R',  distally  a  black 
lunale  from  R^  to  before  R- ;  median  shade  rather  thick,  light  olivaceous  brown, 
spotted  with  silvery,  reaching  from  ocellus  to  hindinargin  ;  some  silvery  scales 
proximally  between  SM*  and  liindmargin  ;  postmedian  line  formed  about  as  in 
vulgaris  Butl.  (delphiuria  Hmpsn.,  nee  Guen.),  thick,  grey,  becoming  more 
ochreous  posteriorly  ;  proximal  subterminal  spots  large,  especially  the  (usually 
confluent)  pairs  between  the  radials  and  at  tornus,  the  subcostal  pair  more 
wedge-shaped,  the  pair  between  R'  and  M=  flatter  ;  distal  subterminal  series 
small  and  generally  very  regular,  separated  both  by  the  veins  and  the  inter- 
neural  folds  ;  terminal  dark  line  more  or  less  broken  into  flattened  lunules  ;  fringe 
white,  traversed  by  a  thick  but  not  very  strong  grey  line  and  sUghtly  tipped 

with  gre3'. Hindwing  with  the  cell-mark  rather  darker,  large  between  R' 

and  fold,  narrow  anteriorly,  containing  a  very  slender  white  line  just  behind 
DC'~',  no  differentiable  black  markings,  the  silvery  ones  rather  irregular  ;  distal 
and  posterior  markings  nearly  as  on  forewings,  the  silvery  scales  of  abdominal 
region  more  distally  placed. 

Forewing  beneath  white,  slightly  smoky  in  cell,  costal  margin  more  broadly 
and  strongly  darkened  than  above  ;  both  wings  with  ocellus  dark  fuscous  with 
white  cell-mark,  the  other  markings  indicated,  but  not  strong. 

Khasis.  Type  and  another  in  coll.  Brit.  Mus.  Also  a  S  without  locality 
in  coO.  Joicey,  and  a  worn  o  from  Vrianatong,  Tibet,  in  coll.  L.  B.  Prout. 

A  worn  ?  from  Kiukiang,  May  1887  (A.  E.  Pratt),  in  coll.  Brit.  Mus.  (ex 
coll.  Leech),  shows  that  the  species  is  widely  distributed  ;  ?  antennal  ciliation 
well  developed,  not  much  shorter  than  diameter  of  shaft. 

4U.  Problepsis  longipannis  spec.  nov. 

(J,  41  mm.  Head  black,  palpus  narrowly  white  beneath.  Antenna  blackish, 
with  triangular  teeth  bearing  long  fascicles  of  cilia.  Thorax  white.  Abdomen 
above  mostly  blackish,  narrowly  white  at  the  ends  of  the  segments.  Fore  and 
middle  legs  darkened  on  inner  side  ;  hindtibia  white,  the  hair-pencil  partly 
brown,  the  tarsus  about  half  the  length  of  tibia,  with  first  joint  not  noticeably 
thickened. 

Foreiving  nut  broad,  termen  rather  strongly  obUque  ;  glossy  cream-white  ; 
costal  edge  narrowly  smokj-  from  near  base  to  near  apex  ;  some  silver3'  scales 
along  proximal  half  of  hindmargin  ;  discal  ocellus  contained  in  an  elongate 
brown  cloud,  which  is  within  6  mm.  of  base  in  cell,  closely  approximated  to 


NOTTTATES    ZoOLOOIOAE    XXIV.     1917.  311 

the  costa  anteriorly,  about  4  mm.  from  apex  distally,  crosses  M'  posteriorly,  but 
there  becomes  less  sharply  defined  and  is  confluent  with  a  narrow  light-browii, 
silver-dusted  patch  on  middle  of  hindmargin  ;  ocellus  flesh-tinted  in  centre, 
containing  the  white  cell-streak,  interruptedly  bounded  by  silvery  scahng, 
crossed  by  a  silver  streak  along  base  of  R'  and  containing  between  this  streak 
and  its  hinder  edge  a  double  black  mark  (verj'  small  between  R'  and  M",  larger 
between  M'  and  W-)  ;  a  thick  black  mark  in  cell  just  proximally  to  the  ocellus 
and  a  less  thick  one  between  the  radials  distally  to  it  ;  postmedian  line  slender, 
slightly  sinuous,  light-brown,  from  hindmargin  to  R%  where  it  becomes  absorbed 
in  the  elongate  patch  ;  submarginal  grey  spots  elongate,  thick,  the  anterior  two 
less  so  ;  terminal  Une  almost  interrupted  at  the  veins,  slightly  lunulate  and 
thickened  between  ;  fringe  white,  traversed  by  a  feeble  central  grey  shade 
except  at  apex,  tornus  and  opposite  the  veins. — —Hindwing  with  the  ocellated 
marking  pear-shaped,  light  olive-brownish,  its  narrow  anterior  part  containing 
the  long,  very  slender  concolorous  cell-streak  (which  shows  up  on  accoimt  of  an 
equally  slender  white  circumscription),  its  bread  posterior  part  (about  the  base 
of  R',  M',  and  M=)  roundish,  containing  a  slightly  misshapen  ring  of  dark,  silver- 
mixed  scaling,  from  the  narrow  anterior  opening  of  which  projects  a  line  of 
silvery  scaling  along  the  proximal  edge  of  the  cell-mark— noticeable  also  in  the 
preceding  species  ;  postmedian  line  complete,  greyish,  rather  thicker  than  on 
forewing,  becoming  brown  at  abdominal  margin  ;  subterminal  grey  spots  large, 
rather  rounder  than  on  forewing  ;  pairs  of  small  dots  against  the  veins  between 
these  and  termen  (traceable  also  on  posterior  part  cf  forewing). 

Underside  ^^-hitish,  with  costal  margin  of  forewing  smoky  to  near  apex  ; 
median  imtches  present,  more  smoky,  containing  white  cell-marks  ;  distal 
markings  faintly  discernible. 

Khasis,  October  1896.    Type  in  coll.  Tring  Museum. 

The  descriptions  of  this  and  the  preceding  were  drawn  up  quite  independenth-, 
but  it  now  occurs  to  me  as  conceivable  that  it  may  be  a  remarkable  aberration. 
The  structure  seems  to  agree,  and  the  hindwing  is  quite  similar  except  that 
the  cell-patch  is  slightly  narrowed.  Ihe  only  known  Prohlepsis  with  similarly 
shaped  markings  on  the  forewing  is  the  very  distinct  Palaearctic  species  phoe^ 
bearia  Ersch. 


43.  Problepsis  delphiaria  (Guen.). 

Argyris  delphiaria  Guen.,  Spec.  Gin.  Lip.  x.  14  (1858). 

Problepsiodes  argerUisquama  Warr.,  Nov.  Zool.  vi.  337  (1899)  (syn.  nov.). 

I  think  the  above  synonymy  will  be  found  correct.  To  no  other  known 
species  does  Guenee's  description  apply,  though  it  is  unfortunate  that  he  does 
not  mention  the  antennal  structure  in  detail,  and  that  the  locality  vhich  he 
gives — "Central  India"- — is  by  no  means  helpful.  It  seems  a  comparatively 
rare  species,  and  the  only  authentically  ascertained  range  is  Burma  to  Singapore, 
though  the  Tring  Museum  possesses  one  old  specimen  merely  labelled  "  India." 
Warren  (Nov.  Zool.  xvi.  126)  clearly  recognised  this  species  as  the  true  delphiaria, 
though  he  does  not  seem  to  have  discovered  in  it  his  own  argentisquama  of  ten 
years  earlier.  P.  vulgaris  Butl.  (III.  Het.  vii.  23.  t.  125.  f.  2),  of  which  aitenuata 
Warr.  (Nov.  ZooL.  xvi.  126)  is  a  slight  and  unimportant  aberration,  and  avri- 
cuUfera  Warr.   (Nov.  Zool.  iv.   59)  apparently  merely  a  small  form — perhaps 


512  NOVITATES   ZOOLOOICAJE   XXIV.    1917. 

.  undersized  through  breeding — has  been  erronecuslj'  described  and  figured  by 
Hampson  {Faun.  Ind.  Moths  iii.  462.  f.  208)  as  delphiaria. 

44.  Problepsis  paredra  spec.  nov. 

tJ,  35  mm.  Head  black,  the  palpus  pale  beneath.  Antenna  darkened  ; 
pectinations  rather  stout,  very  little  longer  than  the  \\idest  diameter  of  shaft, 
■with  moderate  fascicles  of  cilia.  Collar  and  thorax  white  ;  abdomen  partly 
infuscated  above,  remaining  white  at  the  ends  of  the  segments.  Fore  and 
middle  legs  partly  darkened. 

Foreu'ing  white,  with  costal  edge  narrowly  smoky  ;  markings  siniilar  to 
those  of  vulgaris  Butl.,  but  with  the  ocellated  patch  considerably  broader  (at 

M-R'  nearly  3o  mm.),  the  contained  black  marks  behind  R'  longer. Hind- 

loing  with  the  ocellated  patch  more  swollen  posteriorly  than  in  indgaris,  and 
with  the  contained  silvery  markings  mixed  with  blackish  ;  a  slight  brownish 
anterior  extension  of  this  patch  ;  the  spot  at  middle  of  abdominal  margin  fairly 
strong. 

Underside  with  the  ocellated  patches  more  strongly  marked  in  dark  smcky 
than  in  vulgaris. 

Szechuan,  1910  (B.  M.  Barry).     Type  in  coll.  L.  B.  Prout. 

Apart  from  the  shape  of  the  markings,  this  species  is  at  once  distinguishable 
from  vulgaris  by  the  darker,  more  shortly  pectinate  antenna.  I  should  have 
liked  to  unite  it  with  encircota  Prout  (Seitz,  Macrolep.  iv.  50.  t.  7  b),  but  the 
pectinations  are  not  quite  short  enough,  the  ocellated  patch- — though  nearly  as 
broad — is  not  nearly  round  enough,  being  somewhat  flattencel  and  even  a  little 
concave  on  its  proximal  side  and  with  a  shght  concavity  between  the  radials 
on  its  distal  side,  and  is  black-edged  proximally,  as  in  vulgaris. 

45.  Problepsis  appollinaria  candidior  subsp.  nov. 

cj  ?.  Purer  white  than  a.  appollinaria  Guen.  {Spec.  Gen.  Lip.  x.  13),  ocellus 
of  forewing  more  obUquely  placed  (more  produced  distally  about  R'  and  R-), 
containing  near  its  distal  margin  two  oblique  black  marks,  the  posterior  one 
from  R-  nearly  to  R',  thicker  than  the  single  black  mark  of  a.  appollinaria,  the 
anterior  one  in  front  of  R^  thickening  elistally  so  as  to  become  confluent  with 
the  posterior. 

Madura  district,  South  India,  March — June  1906  (W.  H.  Campbell),  type  <J 
and  another  in  coll.  Tring  Museum  ;  Palni  Hills  (W.  H.  Campbell),  a  $  in  coll. 
L.  B.  Prout.  Also  a  worn  $  from  Ladak  (Stohczka)  from  the  Felder 
collection. 

As  the  cJ  hindtarsus  scarcely  appears  quite  so  short  as  in  appollinaria  (about 
one-fourth  tibia,  against  scarcely  over  one-fifth),  it  is  possible  that  this  may 
prove  a  distinct  species. 

46.  Scopola  aetheomorpha  spec.  nov. 

(J,  17  mm.  Face  black.  Palpus  black,  pale  beneath.  Antennal  ciliation 
long.  Crown  and  antenna,  body  and  legs  coloured  as  wings,  the  foreleg  (except 
tarsus)  darkened  on  inner  side  ;  hindtibia  moderately  thick,  fringed  on  upper- 
side  ;    tarsus  over  two-thirds  length  of  tibia. 

Forewing  rather  broad,  costa  arched  distally,  termen  with  a  rather  deep 


NOVITATES    ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV.     1917.  313 

excavation  between  SC°  and  R',  pointed  at  R',  then  rather  strongly  oblique  ; 
SC  arising  from  apex  of  areole  ;  whitish  fawn-colour,  rather  more  drab  proxim- 
ally  ;  antemedian  line  browTiish,  sinuous,  oblique  inward  posteriorly,  weakly 
indicated  except  as  a  spot  at  about  two-fifths  costa  ;  a  minute  black  cell-dot  ; 
postmedian  line  fine,  sinuous,  black  at  costa,  otherwise  feeble,  closely  followed 
distally  by  a  narrow,  curved,  dark  subterminal  band,  from  costa  about  2  mm. 
before  apex  to  hindmargin  at  tornus  ;   a  fawn-coloured  shade  between  this  and 

termen. Hindwing  with  termen  excavated  between  the  radials  and  more 

slightly  near  tornus  ;    similar  to  forewing,  the  cell-dot  less  minute. 

Underside  (except  ochreous  costal  margin  of  forewing)  smoky  as  far  as 
the  subtenninal  band,  cream-buff  distally,  terminal  line  ochreous. 

Kumusi  River,  N.E.  British  New  Guinea,  low  elevation,  August — September 
1907  (A.  8.  Meek).     Type  in  coll.  Tring  Museum. 

47.  Ptochophyle  geranium  spec.  nov. 

?,  20  mm.  Face  rose-red,  with  lower  extremity  white.  Palpus  with  second 
joint  reaching  almost  to  frons,  third  joint  moderate,  slender;  whitish,  the  first 
and  second  joints  mostly  rosy  on  outer  side  and  above.  Vertex  and  antenna 
creamy  white  ;  occiput  rose-red.  Thorax  and  abdomen  above  geranium  pink, 
becoming  pale  and  mixed  with  cream-buff  towards  anus  ;  anal  extremity  and 
underside  pale  cream-buff. 

Forewing  moderately  broad,  apex  pointed,  termen  almost  inappreciably 
sinuate  inward  anteriorly,  not  noticeably  bent  at  R'  ;  all  the  subcostals  stalked 
from  apex  of  areole,  SC  arising  much  before  SC,  M'  separate  ;  peach-blossom 
pink,  irrorated  with  geranium  pink,  middle  of  wing  in  places  shghtly  tinged  with 
buff  ;  lines  very  indistinct,  geranium  pink  ;  antemedian  fine,  before  one-third, 
very  slightly  curved  ;  median  diffuse,  near  postmedian  ;  postmedian  beyond 
two-thirds,  very  gently  excurved  in  anterior  part,  gently  incurved  posteriorly  ; 
faint  indications  of  a  rather  large  cell-spot  ;    fringe  pink  at  extreme  base,  pale 

buff  distally. Hindwing  with  termen  full  but  not  angled,   not  crenulate  ; 

SC  and  M'  scarcely  stalked  ;    as  forewing. 

Underside  unicolorous  pink. 

Near  Oetakwa  River,  Snow  Mountains,  Dutch  New  Guinea,  up  to  3,500  ft., 
October — December  1910  (A.  S.  Meek).     2  ??  in  coll.  Tring  Museum. 

48.  Chrysocraspeda  pulverimargo  spec,  nov. 

cJ,  22  mm.  Face  and  palpus  pale,  mixed  with  Uver-brown.  Crown  liver- 
brown  mixed  with  dark  olive-grey,  narrowly  whitish  in  front ;  antennal  shaft 
liver-brown  above.  Thorax  and  abdomen  above  mixed  liver-brown  and  oHve- 
grey,  beneath  pale  cream-buff.  Legs  pale  cream-buff,  the  anterior  pair  marked 
with  purplish  on  upper  and  inner  sides. 

Foreiving  broad,  apex  not  acute,  termen  very  slightly  waved,  curved, 
scarcely  bent  at  R^  ;  dull  liver-brown,  mixed  with  grey  ;  a  narrow  costal  edge 
and  an  ill-defined  excurved  band  (anteriorly  at  least  1  mm.  wide,  posteriorly 
attenuated)  from  about  two-thirds  costa  to  tornus  more  purple  ;  proximally 
to  this  band  an  equally  ill-defined  one  of  blackish  grey  ;  distally  to  it  a  yellow 
area  strongly  irrorated  with  purplish  dots  and  minute  strigulae  ;  a  minute 
blackish  cell-dot  ;    fringe  jellow,  with  some  purplish  irroration. Hindwing 


314  NOVITATES    ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV.     1017. 

ample,  termen  faintly  waved,  somewhat  gibbou.s  in  middle,  but  not  angulated  ; 
nearly  as  forewing,  the  purplish  band  rather  broader,  running  from  apex  to 
about  three-fourths  abdominal  margin. 

Both  wings  beneath  deep  purphsh  grey  as  far  as  the  dark-grey  band  of 
upperside,  only  with  the  hindmargin  of  both  wings  and  base  of  costa  of  hindwing 
pale  cream-butt  ;    distal  area  pale  cream-buff,  unmarked. 

Kumusi  River,  N.E.  British  New  Guinea,  low  elevation,  June  1907  (A.  S. 
Meek).      Type  in  coll.  Tring  Museum. 

49.  Chrysocraspeda  elaeophragma  spec.  nov. 

(J,  19-20  mm.  Head  pale,  mixed  with  rufous.  Thorax  above  olivaceous 
anteriorly,  plumbeous  to  blackish  slaty  in  the  middle,  rufous  posteriorly  ;  abdo- 
men above  rufous  with  some  pale  admixture  and  bordered  bj'  a  darker  Une  ; 
underside  pale. 

Forewing  witli  termen  not  or  scarcely  obUque  from  apex  to  R-,  gentlj-  curved 
to  M,  then  exceedingly  oblique,  behind  M'  faintly  subconcave,  hindmargin  less 
than  two-thirds  the  length  of  costa  ;  whitish  buff,  thickly  speckled  and  strigu- 
lated  with  rufous,  the  resultant  tone  salmon-buff  ;  costal  margin  olive,  grej-est 
proximally  ;  lines  olive-grey  ;  antemedian  from  before  one-third  costa  to  middle 
of  hindmargin,  somewhat  curved  anteriorly  ;  postmedian  from  two-thirds 
costa,  nearly  parallel  with  termen  in  anterior  half,  bent  about  M-,  a  little  incurved 
behind,  reaching  hindmargin  near  tornus  ;  cell-speck  more  or  less  elongate  ; 
some  oUve  shading  in  distal  area  between  il'  and  tornus  ;  terminal  line  rather 
thick,  broadening  at  apex,  dark  olive  ;    fringe  yellowish,  mixed  (except  near 

tornus)  with  olive. Hindwing  elongate,  with  termen  waved,  very  strongly 

convex,  bent  in  middle  ;  an  elongate  white  cell-spot  ;  first  line  curved,  close  to 
base  ;  postmedian  bent,  but  less  so  than  termen  ;  terminal  line  thick  ;  fringe 
yellowish,  mixed  (except  at  apex)  with  oUve. 

Underside  with  the  markings  more  indistinct. 

Snow  Mountains,  Dutch  New  Guinea  :  Upper  Setekwa  River,  2,000  ft., 
August — September  1910,  6  oo,  including  the  type  ;  near  Oetakwa  River, 
up  to  3,500  ft.,  October— December  1910,  6  S3-     All  in  coll.  Tring  Museum. 

SuBFAM.  GEOMETRINAE. 
50.  Ectropis  farracearia  inculta  subsp.  nov. 

cj  9-  In  general  sUghtly  narrower  winged  than  /.  farracearia  Leech  {Ann. 
Mag.  Nat.  Hist.  (6.)  xix.  340),  though  rather  variable  in  this  respect,  as  well  as 
in  depth  of  colour  (densitj'  of  the  dark  irroration)  ;  the  only  $  rather  broad- 
winged,  recalling  a  Gnophos.  Always  more  uniform  than  the  name-type,  with 
less  strong  dark  suffusions,  distal  area  less  darkened,  beneath  without  definite 
dark  distal  band  ;  forewing  above  without  the  characteristic  white  anterior 
patch  between  the  median  and  postmedian  lines. 

Vrianatong,  Tibet,  7  <J<J,  1  ?,  in  coll.  L.  B.  Prout. 

Possibly  a  separate  species.  As  variations  in  the  venation  are  always 
worth  putting  on  record  in  the  Boarmia  group,  it  should  be  .stated  that  while 
in  all  the  examples  SC  and  SC-  are  coincident,  in  a  few  these  are  slightly  con- 
nected either  with  C  or  with  SC'-',  in  the  rest  free. 


NOVITATES    ZOOLOOICAE    XXIV.     1917.  315 

51.  Cleora  semiochrea  spec.  nov. 

cJ,  35  mm.  Palpu.s  not  quite  half  as  long  again  as  diameter  of  eye  ;  third 
joint  short,  but  distinct.  Antenna  pectinate,  with  longish  branches,  a  short 
apical  part  simple.  Hindtibia  dilated,  with  hair-pencil.  Head  and  body 
light  brown,  collar  and  underside  rather  more  yellowish. 

Forewing  with  termen  smooth  ;  SC  and  SC^  always  from  cell,  the  latter 
connected  by  an  oblique  bar  with  SC'-'  ;  fovea  strong  ;  cinnamon  {in  median 
area  slightly  more  fawn-colour),  with  very  little  irroration  ;  costal  edge  dotted 
or  strigulated  in  part  with  blackish  ;  lines  blackish,  arising  from  enlarged  costal 
spots  just  before  one-third  and  just  beyond  two-thirds,  weak  in  part  between  the 
veins  (espeeiall3-  the  antemedian  befrvveen  M  and  SM')  ;  antemedian  slightly 
angulated  subcostally  ;  postmedian,  after  crossing  SC,  bent  outward  to  R',  here 
angulated,  then  oblique  inward  and  forming  in  addition  a  very  gentle  inward 
curve  ;  cell-spot  black,  elongate  and  rather  thick,  almost  touched  distally  by  a 
thick  median  shade  which  starts  from  costa  and  is  right-angled  at  R^  but 
becomes  almost  entirely  obsolete  behind  51 ;  termen  dark-spotted  between  the 

veins  ;  fringe  dark-spotted  opposite  the  veins. Hindwing  with  termen  scarcely 

waved  ;  ochre-yellow,  in  abdominal  region  and  along  posterior  part^  of  distal 
margin  tinged  with  the  fawn-colour  of  the  forewing  ;  a  small  and  weak  discal 
dot  ;  postmedian  line  distinct  as  a  spot  at  abdominal  margin,  becoming  weak 
or  very  weak  anteriorly. 

Both  wings  beneath  somewhat  yellowish — less  bright  than  hindwing  above. 
Forewing  strongly  marked  from  costa  to  M-,  namely  with  costal  dots,  antemedian 
line,  cell-spot,  median  shade,  postmedian  Une  of  large,  partly  confluent  dots 
(double  from  R'  to  M*)  and  some  coarse  median  strigulation  ;  apical  aiva  (ex- 
cept a  spot  at  apex  itself)  and  distal  shading  about  the  medians  more  rufous. 
Hindwing  with  some  costal  strigulae,  a  small  cell-dct  and  strong,  punctiform 
postmedian  line. 

Phihppines  :  Luzon,  Boguio  district,  4,000  ft.,  April  1909,  type  in  coll. 
L.  B.  Prout.  Topotype  S  in  coll.  Brit.  Mus.,  together  with  a  $  from  Irisan, 
Benquet  Province,  Luzon. 

52.  Boarmia  roboraria  demonstrata  subsp.  nov. 

$,  55-58  mm.  Nearest  r.  argiita  Butl.  (Prout  in  Seitz,  Macrolep.  iv.  t.  21  d) 
but  less  brownish,  the  ground-colour  almost  as  in  r.  roboraria  ;  markings  at 
least  as  sharp  as  in  stronglj'^  marked  argvta. 

Forewing  with  cell-spot  large ;  median  shade  strong,  rather  uniformly 
developed,  the  zigzag  median  line  in  consequence  less  obvious ;  longitudinal 
dark  shade  in  front  of  R'  strongly  developed,  especially  against  the  subterminal 

line. Hindwing   with    cell-spot   small  ;  median  shade  and  the   dark  shade 

which   accompanies   the   subterminal   strong. ^Forewing   beneath    with   the 

subapical  dark  patch  sharp,  reaching  R'. 

Vrianatong,  Tibet,  2  ocJ  in  coll.  L.  B.  Prout. 

In  both  examples  S(''+-  ana.stomoses  shortly  with  C,  a  phenomenon  which 
I  have  only  observed  in  one  example  of  r.  arguta,  out  of  several  examined.  In 
the  type-specimen  the  wings  are  a  trifle  broader  than  in  r.  arguta,  but  this  is 
not  noticeable  in  the  paratype.     It  is  just  possible  that  the  two  forms  in  ques- 


316  NOVITATES    ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV.     1917 

tion  may  prove  to  differ  specifically  from  roboraria  Schiff.,  as  the  subterminal 
line  looks  somewhat  more  dentate,  at  least  on  the  hindwing. 

53.  Sabaria  euchroes  spec  nov. 

2,  28  mm.  Head  and  palpus  purple-red,  third  joint  of  palpus  somewhat 
darkened.  Antennal  shaft  reddish  at  base,  gradually  whitening ;  pectinations 
longer  than  in  rondelaria  F.  (  =  squalidaria  Hb.).  Thorax  and  abdomen  above 
dark  fuscous,  the  thorax  (especially  in  front)  mixed  with  purplish. 

Forewing  rather  broad,  with  the  projection  at  mid-termen  strong  ;  purplish, 
shaded  with  light  violet-grey,  especially  in  costal  region  ;  proximal  area  a  little 
darker  than  distal,  somewhat  shaded  with  olive-fuscous  posteriorly  ;  costal  edge 
to  two-fifths  narrowly  reddish,  thence  narrowlj'^  dark  olive-grey,  interrupted  by 
pale  spots  in  middle  of  central  area  and  mostly  pale  towards  apex  ;  central  area 
light  olivaceous,  with  brown  edgings  which  thicken  into  irregular  spots  anteriorly 
— ^the  proximal  in  cell  and  forwards,  the  distal  only  near  costa  ;  proximally  this 
band  is  bounded  by  a  light  violet-grey  line,  arising  at  two-fifths  costa,  very 
oblique  outward,  sharply  bent  in  cell,  then  rather  oblique  inward  to  hindmargin 
before  middle  ;  distally  by  an  anteriorly  whiter  line,  arising  at  costa  2  mm. 
from  apex,  angulated  just  behind  SC^  then  straightish  (very  feebly  incurved) 
to  hindmargin  ^nthin  3  mm,  of  tornus  ;  fringe  darkened  mth  olivaceous  to 
reddish,  at  extreme  base  paler, Himlwing  rather  broad,  sUghtly  sinuate  in- 
ward before  the  tornus,  which  consequently  appears  somewhat  more  produced 
than  in  rondelaria  ;  anterior  half  Ught  red,  with  the  postmedian  Une  indicated 
in  darker  red,  slightly  pale-edged  distally  ;  posterior  half  continuing  the  colora- 
tion and  markings  of  fore-wing. 

Underside  light  red,  of  somewhat  varj-ing  shades  ;  costal  margin  of  fore- 
wing  ochreous  ;  the  costal  edge  spotted  and  lined  with  olive-fuscous  ;  both 
wings  with  darker  red  postmedian  hne  :  fringes,  especially  of  forewing,  darkened 
with  oUvaceous. 

Nilgiri  Hills:  Ouchterlony  Valley,  3,500  ft,  (H,  L.  Andrewes).  Type  in 
coll.  Brit.  Mus. 

54.  Hypochrosis  martini  spec.  nov. 

(J,  48  mm.  Head  and  upperside  of  thorax  seal-brown.  Thorax  beneath 
paler.  Abdomen  elongate,  seal-brown,  a  narrowing  orange  ventral  patch  from 
base  to  beyond  middle  :  projecting  tufts  of  white  hair  (?  coremata)  at  anal  end. 

Forewing  narrow,  with  distal  margin  long  and  very  oblique,  anal  angle 
rounded  ;  a  transverse  band  of  buff  (at  each  end  rather  more  ochreous)  from 
two-fifths  costa  to  tornus,  15  mm.  wide  at  costa,  rather  broader  from  cell-fold 
hindward,  its  edges  somewhat  crenulate  ;    a  very  short,  very  slender,  similarly 

coloured  mark  from  about  three-fourths  costa. Hindiving  with  costal  margin 

long,  somewhat  gibbous  in  proximal  part,  apex  and  anterior  part  of  termen 
straighter,  near  anal  angle  even  faintly  subconcave,  abdominal  margin  relatively 
short  ;  orange,  with  a  large  irregular  patch  at  abdominal  margin  and  part  of 
distal  margin  concolorous  with  forewing  ;  the  boundary  of  this  patch  follows 
the  median  vein  from  base  almost  to  the  origin  of  M',  then  runs  approximately 
parallel  with  abdominal  margin  for  some  distance,  recedes  to  SM=  before  reach- 
ing tornus,  is  ncarlj'  3  mm.  from  termen  in  its  tornal  part  and  ends  before 


NOVTTATES   ZOOLOOIOAE    XXIV.    1917.  317 

reaching  M'  ;  a  liver-coloured  costal  patch,  nearer  to  apex  than  to  base, 
8  mm.  long  between  costal  margin  and  C,  here  suddenly  reduced  to  about 
4  mm.,  bounded  posteriorly  by  SC^  except  for  some  slight  asymmetrical 
projections  beyond. 

Underside  with  the  darkest  parts  paler  and  more  reddish  than  above  ; 
markings  as  above,  but  with  the  band  and  distal  mark  of  the  forewing  almost 
as  bright  orange  as  the  ground-colour  of  the  hindwing. 

Kalewara,  Central  Celebes,  February  5,  1913  (Dr.  Martin).  Type  in  coll. 
Tring  Museum. 

55.  Percnia  maculata  punctimaculata  subsp.  nov. 

Distinguished  from  m.  maculata  Moore  (Proc.  Zool.  Soc.  Lond.  1867,  p.  651) 
as  follows  :  Forewing  rather  whiter,  %vdth  the  spots  in  general  reduced  in  size, 
mostly  becoming   mere  dots,   not  confluent,  the  postmedian  series   consisting 

of  short,  thin  dashes  on  the  veins. Hindwing  with  corresponding  dots ;  a 

well-developed    cell-dot  above  and  beneath. Forc\^ing    beneath  infuscated 

from  base  to  apex,  except  along  hindmargLn. 

Vrianatong,  Tibet,  2  <?<?  in  coll.  L.  B.  Prout. 

In  this  species  the  subcostal  venation  of  the  forewing  seems  to  be  in  a 
state  of  flux.  In  the  type  of  m.  punctimaculata  the  first  two  subcostals  are 
stalked  and  SC  is  connected  by  a  short  bar  with  C  ;  in  the  paratype  the  right 
wing  agrees  with  this,  while  in  the  left  SC  and  C  anastomose  at  a  point.  In  a 
Khasi  specimen  before  me,  SC  is  widely  free  from  C  and  SC  is  quite  asjrm- 
metricaUy  placed,  arising  from  SC  in  the  right  wing,  from  SC-*  in  the  left. 


318  NOVITATES   ZOOLOOICAE   XXIV.    1917. 


NOTES  ON  CAPTUEES  OF   ALGERIAN  AND    TUNISIAN 

LEPIDOPTERA. 

By  victor   FAROULT. 

Papilio  inachaon  mauretanica.  Ain  Zannouch,  27  km.  au  nord  de  Gafsa 
(Tunisie).  Commun  en  Mai  1898  ;  chenilles  en  Septembre  sur  Seseli 
variurn. 
Sfax  (Tunisie).  Avril  1902  et  Septembre  1903;  chenilles  en  Octobre  sur 
Foeniculum  vidgare  et  Daucus  carota.  Tunis-Belvedere,  tres  commun 
en  Mai  1908. 
P.  m.  saharae.     Biskra,  Col  de  Sfa.     Fontaine  Chaude  et  montagnes  environ- 

nantes.  Mars  1910. 
P.  tn.  mauretanica.     Batna,  Septembre  1910. 

P.  m.  saharae.     El  Outaya,  Mars   1911.     Laghouat,   26  Mars   1912. 
P.  m.  mauretanica.     Oued  Hamidou,  Juin  1912. 
P.  m.  maxiina.     Masser  a  15  km.  nord  de  LaUa-Marnia  ;  exemplaires  enormes, 

Juin   1914. 
P.   m.   tmmretanica..     Hammam    R'ihra,    Juillet    1916;    chenilles    en    Octobre 

sur  Ruta  chalefensis. 
P.   m.   saharae.     Bou    Saada,     Moulin    Terrero  et  Hopital  Maure.      ChenUles 
communes  en   Octobre  sur  Seseli  varium.     Les  chenilles  du   Sud  de 
I'Alg^rie  sent  bien  diSerentes  de  celles  de  France  :    var.  hospitonides 
Obthr.  (  =  saharae  Oberth.),  celles  du  Nord  sont  semblables  a  celles 
d'Europe.     A  Televage  en  captivite  ;    les  chenilles  mangent  les  chry- 
sallides. 
P.  podalirius  jeisthatneli.     Ain  Draham,  2  Juin  1908  et  Juin  1909. 
Chenilles  en  Septembre  sur  Crataegus  oxyacantha. 
Batna,  Septembre  1910. 
El  Kantara,  Mars  1911. 
Bordj  bou  Arr6ridj,  10  Juin  1912. 
Hussein  Dey,  Fevrier  1913. 
LaUa  Marnia,  Juin  1914. 
Tizi  Guzou,  29  Juillet  1914. 

Hammam  R'Uira,  Avril  a  Octobre  1916.  f)ans  cette  locaUte  on  trouve 
assez  communement  les  chenilles  en  Octobre  sur  les  arbres  fruitiers, 
mais  particulierement  sur  Amygdalus  communis  et  Crataegus  oxyacantha. 
Toutes  les  chrysaUdes  de  I'automne  hivernent  et  n'eclosent  que  I'annee 
suivante  de  Mars  a  Mai ;  cette  observation  s'appUque  egalement  a 
P.  machaon. 
Thais  rumina  mauretanica.     Cap  Bon  (Tunisie),  15  Avril  1904. 

Ain  Draham,  12  Avril,  1909.  Chenilles  en  Mai  et  Juin  sur  Aristolochia  longa. 
Eleve  70  chenilles  en  Juin  1909  et  ecloscs  a  Biskra  fin  Mars  et  Avril 
1910. 
Hammam  R'ihra  fin  Mai  1916.  Vu  quelques  papillons  volant  fin  Mai, 
pris  1  ?  en  tres  mauvais  etat ;  chenilles,  assez  communes  en  Mai  sur 
Aristolochia  longa,  eleve  et  obtenu  24  cbrysallides. 


NOVITATES    ZOOLOOICAE    XXIV.     1917.  319 

Parnassius  ?.     Pour  memoire,  je  declare  avoir  vu  en  Juillet  1902  un  exemplaire 
de   Parnassius  voisin   de  apollo,   au  Djebel   Fedja,   frontiers   Algero- 
Tunisienne. 
Aporia  crataegi  mauritanica.     Ain  Draham,  Juin  1908. 
Oued  Hamidou,  Juin  1912. 

Bordj  bou  Arreridj,  Juin  1912.  La  chenille  vit  en  societe  sur  Crataegus 
oxyacantha  et  Pruniis  insititia. 
Pieris  brassicae.  Commune  partout,  principalement  dans  les  regions  elevees. 
Pris  a  Tunis  en  Novembre  1908  une  remarquable  serie  dont  les  femeUes 
sont  tres  largement  tachees  de  noir.  La  chenille  vit  sur  differentes 
especes  de  cruciferes  et  aussi  sur  Spartium  junceum. 
Pieris  rapae.     Commune  partout  et  sans  interet ;    I'aberration  sans  taches  est 

commune  au  printemps. 
P.  daplidice  albidice.     Commune  dans  toute  FAlgerie,  la  Tunisie  et  le  Marcc. 
La  variete  type  du  printemps  est  tres  foncee  en  dessous  ;    celle  d'ete, 
albidice,  a  les  taches  de  dessous  peu  apparentes,  quelquefois  jaunes 
quelquefois  laiteuses. 

II  y  a  trois  generations  nettement  marquees.  Mars — AvrO,  Juin — 
Juillet — Aoiit,  Novembre.     Pris  une  tres  jolie  serie  a  Magraoua,  pres 
El  Outaya,  en  Juin  et  Juillet  1910. 
Euchloe  falloui.     Montagues   d'Ain    Zannouch,   a   27  km.   au   Nord  de   Gafsa, 
Avril,  Mai  1898. 
Biskra,  Col  de  Sfa,  2  Fevrier  1910. 

El  Outaya,  Fevrier,  Mars,  Avril  et  Mai  1910  ;    Fevrier,  Mars  1911. 
Bou  Saada,  Avril,  Mai  1911.     CheniUe  commune  a  Bou  Saada  du  19  Avril 
au  15  Mai  sur  Moricaridia  arveiisis.     Eleve  et  obtenu  250  exemplaires 
ex  larva.     Les  chrysalides  eclosent  tres  irreguherement,  une  provenant 
de  Bou  Saada,  en  Juin  1911  eclot  a  Guelt  es  Stel  le  2  Octobre  1913. 
Laghouat,  28  Mars  1912. 
Guelt-es-Stel,  Mars  1913.     1  o*. 
E.    tagis   pechi.     Guelt-es-Stel,    4   Mars    1913.      Vole   en   bon   etat   jusque   fin 

Avril.     CheniUes  sur  Iberis  odorata. 
E.  ckarlonia.     Sfax  et  environs.  Mars,  Avril  1901. 

Kalaat  es  Senau  (Tunisie),  10  Mars  1908  ;   tres  commune  a  Tedj  el  Barla. 
Ain  Draham  (Tunisie),  15  Mai  1908.     1  3. 
Biskra,  Col  de  Sfa,  3  Fevrier  1910. 
Magraoua,  pres  El  Outaya,  Juin  1910. 
LaUa  Marnia  et  environs,  Mai  1914. 

Bou  Saada,  tres  commune  pendant  tout  le  printemps  et  en  automne. 
E.  belia.     Ain  Draham,  Mars — Avril  1909.     Tres  commun  et  aussi  tres  varie. 
Se  rencontre  un  peu  partout  dans  toutes  les  regions  montagneuses  de 
Tunisie  d'Algerie  et  du  Maroc,  et  sur  toute  la  cote,  depuis  les  premiers 
jours  de  Mars  jusqu'au   19  Mai. 
E.  belia  aberr.  (rose).     Blida  gare  19  Avril  1916.     1   S. 
E.  ausonia  algirica  et  belemia.     El  Outaya,  Rocher  Rouge,  Avril  1910. 

El  Kantara,  Mars  1911. 
E.  ausonia  crameri  et  belemia.     Marnia,  Mai  1914.     Masser,  Mai  1914. 
E.  belemia  glauce.     Magraoua  pres  El  Outaya,  Juin  1910.     Tres  commune  dans 
les  champs  de  ble  eommen9ant  a  miirir.     Trouve  egalement  quelques 


320  NOVITATES   ZOOLOQICAE   XXIV.    1917. 

autres  varietes  non  detenninees  notamment  a  Guelt-es-Stel,  El  Kantara, 
AIn  Sefra  (Ras  Chergui). 
Teracohis  noutui.     Biskra,  Fontaine  Chaude,  23  Janvier  1910. 

El  Outaya,  Rocher  Rouge,  Avril — Mai   1910.     Commune  dans  les  regions 
de  Biskra,  El  Outaya,  El  Kantara,  ou  ellc  vole  en  montagne  d'Avril 
a  Juillet  ;    la  generation  printanniere  est   tres  pen  abondante,   mais 
les   exemplaires  sont  plus    grands    que    dans   la   generation   estivale, 
qui  est  tres  abondante.     On  trouve  les  chenilles  en  grande  quantity 
sur  C'apjMris  droserifolia.      La  nj'mphose  ne  dure  que  10  a  15  jours  et 
les  eclosions  ont  Ueu  du  1 5  an  25  Juillet ;  les  papillons  ne  volent  qu'une 
dizaine  de  jours  et  sont  completement  disparus  au   15  Aout. 
Colias  electa  croceus.     Commune  pendant  toute  la  saison  en  Tunisie,  Algerie  et 
Maroc  oriental ;   on    la   trouve   jusque  dans   les  oasis  du   Sud  oil  la 
chenille  se  nourrit  principalement  de  Luserne   (Medicago  saiiva). 
C.   e.  c,  ab.   helice  et  helicina  Obthr.  ; 
El  Ariana  pres  Tunis,   15  Mai   1908. 
Tunis  Belvedere,  15  Novembre  1908. 
Biskra,  Beni  Mora,  Janvier,  Fevrier  1910. 
El  Outaya,  Magraoua,   1*'"  quinzaine  de  Juillet  1910. 
Batna,  Septembre  1910. 
Oued  Hamidou,  Juin   1912. 
Masser  pres  Lalla  Marnia,  Juin   1914. 
Ain  Sefra,  10  Juillet  1915. 
Guelt-es-Stel,  AvrU— Mai  1913. 
Gonepteryx  cleopatra.     Ain  Draham,  Juin   1909. 
Sfax  et  environs,  Mai  1910. 
Zaghouan  Montagne,  Mai  1910. 
Khenchela,  Juin   1911. 
Oued  Hamidou,  Juin   1912. 
Masser  Mines,  Juin   1914. 
Guelt-es-Stel,  Mars,  Avril,  Juin  et  Aout. 
G.   Cleopatra  hermaphrodites.     Parmi  tous  les  papiUons,  le   cleopatra  est  celui 
qui  presente  le  plus  souvent  des  cas  d'hermaphrodisme  trds  apparents, 
quelquefois    meme    nettement   tranches  par   un  c6t6  des  ailes  <?(J  et 
I'autre  cote  ??.     Depuis  1909  j'ai  pris  7  hermaphrodites  dont  4  seule- 
ment  en  parfait  etat. 
Ain  Draham,  6  Juin  1909,  4  exemplaires. 
Khenchela,   23  Juin   1911,   1  exemplaire. 
Oued  Hamidou,  22  Juin  1912,  1  exemplaire. 
Masser,   29  Juin   1914,    1   exemplaire. 
Gonepteryx  rhamni.     Ain  Draham,  Juin  1908.     Les  sujets  pris  dans  cette  localite 
sont  d'une  grandeur  remarquable. 
Oued  Hamidou,  Juin   1912. 
Masser,  Juin  1914. 
Charaxes  jason.     Ain  Draham,  Juin  et  Septembre  1909. 
Alger,   October   1914. 
Perregaux,   5  Septembre   1915. 

Hammam  R'ihra,  Aout,  Septembre,  Octobre,   1916. 
La  chenille  vit  sur  Arhutxis  unedo,  mais  elle  est  tres  difficile  a  trouver ;  elle 


NOVITATES    ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV.     1917.  321 

doit  vivre  aussi  .sur  d'autres  plantes,  car  on  trouve  des  Charaxes  dans 
certaines  eontrees  ou  il  n'y  a  pas  d'arbutus  a  moins  de  100  kilometres  a 
la  ronde,  ainsi  j'ai  pris  a  Sfax  un  jason  ^  le  29  Juillet  1901.     A  Alger 
les   Charaxes  9?  volent  autour  des  Ficus  dans  la  ville  menie,  et  sur 
les  hauteurs  elles  affectionnent  specialement  les  pins. 
Pyrameis   atalanta.     Espece   commune   dans   le   Nord   pendant   toute   I'annee, 
specialement  a  la  saison  des  fruits,  sauf  dans  I'Extreme  Sud,  ou  on  ne 
la  rencontre  que  rarement  dans  les  Oasi.s. 
P.  cardui.     Le  plus  commun  de  tous  les  Lepidopteres ;  on  le  rencontre  partout, 
meme    dans    les    eontrees  les   plus  desertiques  ;    la   chenille  est   tres 
polyphage.     N'a  pas  de  variations  appreeiables. 
Vanessa  erythromelas.     Ain  Draham,  Juin  et  Septembre   1909. 
El  Kantara,  26  Mars  1911  (Rothschild). 
Khenchela,  Juin   1911. 

Hamniam  R'ihra,  Juin  a  Septembre   1916. 

La  chenille  vit  en  colonies  et  ravage  les  arbres  fruitiers  ;  elle  prefere  notam- 
ment  Ulmus  campestris. 
Argyiinis  kithonia.     Batna,  Septembre  1910.     1    S- 

Masser,  Juin   1914. 
A.  maja  seitzi.     Juin,  Juillet,  Aout  1909. 
Batna,  Septembre  1910. 
Masser,  Juin,  Juillet  1914. 
Guelt-es-Stel,  Juin  1913. 
Melitaea  didyma  deserticola.     Biskra,  Champ  de  Fir,  5  Mars  1910.     Tres  commune 
pendant   la    1'"  quinzaine  de   Mars,  puis   en   2"  generation   en  Aout 
pen  nombreuse. 
M.  cinxia.     Ain  Draham,  Mai — Juin   1910. 

Khenchela,  Juin  1911. 
M.  aetherie  algiriai.     Guelt-es-Stel,  15  Avril  1913. 
M.  didyma  mauretanica.     Masser,  Juin   1914. 
Mdamirgia  ines.     Bled  Oudna  pres  Tunis,  8  Mai  1908. 
Ain  Draham,  2  Juin  1908.     3  SS,  1  9- 
Guelt-es-Stel,   Avril— Mai    1912-1913. 
M.  galatea  lucasi.     Ain  Draham,  2  Juin   1908.     Tres  commune. 
Khenchela,  Fontaine  Chaude,  18  Juin  1911. 
Lambeze,   Marcouna,   22  Juin   1911. 
M.  syllius  pelagia.     Guelt-es-Stel  et  Djelfa,  AvrU — Mai   1912-1913. 
Satyrus  fulia.     Zaghouan,  Tunisie,  Septembre  1908. 
Ain   Draham,   Septembre    1909. 

Batna,  Champ  de  Fir,  Septembre  et  Octobre   1911. 
Sakamudi,  26-27  Aoiit  1912. 
Guelt-es-Stel,   Aout,   Septembre,   Octobre   1913. 
Hammam  R'ihra,  Aout — Septembre  1916  (albo  venosa). 
S.   ellena.     Meridj  pres  Ain   Draham,  Aout   1909. 

Ain  Draham  les  Sources,  Juillet  1911. 
S.  sylvicola  oberthueri.     Batna,  Septembre  1910. 
S.  s.  holli.     Glacieres  de  BUda,  Juin   1912. 

^.   poivelli.     Guelt-es-Stel,  Septembre,   Octobre   1913.     Commun  S.W.   la  crete 
Sud  a  2  km.  du  Caravanserail. 
21 


322  XOVITATES    ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV.    1917. 

Satyrus  semele  algirica.     Guelt-es-Stel,  Mai,  Jiiin   1913. 
S.  pricuri.     Guelt-es-Stel  et  Djelfa.  Juiii  1913. 
S.  abdelkader  abdelkader.     Ain  Sefra  fin  Mai  1915.     2  S6- 

S.  a.  nelvai?  Oasis  des  Aouinettes,  15  km.  ouest  de  Gabes,  Octobre,  Novembre 
1902.  Cette  espece  est  tres  commune  dans  les  plaines  d'Alfa  situees 
.sur  les  bords  du  Golfe  de  Gabes  ;  elle  parait  tres  voisine  de  la  variete 
nelvai  Seitz.  Les  ??  sont  de  tres  grande  taiUe,  mais  la  tache  apicale 
est  jaune  pale,  un  peu  plus  claire  qu'a  Guelt-es-Stel,  alors  que  chez  les 
cJ(J  elle  est  blanche  et  atteint  souvent  un  tiers  de  la  surface  de  I'aile. 
8.  a.  abdelkader.  Guelt-es-Stel.  Aout,  Septembre,  Octobre  1913.  Tres  commune 
sur  les  collines  couvertes  d'alfa  ou  vole  jxchi  ;  tres  facile  a  prendre 
sur  les  fleurs  de  Golchicum  autumnale.  La  chenUle  vit  en  Juin  et 
Juillet  sur  Alfa,  Stipa  fenacissima,  ou  on  pent  la  tronver  assez  com- 
munement  le  soir  a  la  lampe. 
Pararge  egeria.     Tunis,  Septembre  1910. 

Hammam  Life   (Tunisia),   Aoiit,   Septembre    1910. 
P.  megera.     Batna,  Septembre  1910. 

Ces  2  Pararge  sont  tres  repandues  dans  tout  le  Nord  ;  je  n'ai  pris  que  2  SS 
de  megera  ab.  tigelius,  au  Cap  Bon  en  Septembre   1905. 
Epinephele  jurtina  jurtimi.     Ain   Draham,  Juin    1909. 
Zaghouan,  30  Juin   1909. 
Guelt-es-Stel,  13  Juin  1913. 
E.  tycoon.     Guelt-es-Stel,  Hassi  Baba  fin  Mai  1913. 
E.  janiroides.     Ain  Draham,  Juin  1909,     Tres  commun  aux  environs  immediats 

du  village  dans  les  coupes  de  bois. 
E.  ida.     Tunis,  Avril,  INIai  190S. 

Masser,  Juin  1914. 
Coenonympha  arcanioides.     Ain  Draham,  Juin    1910. 
Oued  Hamidou,  Juin   1912. 
Masser,  Juin    1914. 
C.  dorus  austauti.     Jlasser  et  Nedroma,  Juin   1914. 
C.  pasiphae  philippina.     Masser,  Juin  1914. 
C.  pamphilus  lyllus.     Sfax,  Juin  1902. 
Cap  Bon  Tunisie,  Mai,  Juin   1904. 
Ain  Draham,  Juin  1910. 
Oued  Hamidou,  Juin  1912. 
Guelt-es-Stel,  Avril  1913. 
C.  fettigii  holli.     Blida  Glacieres,  Juin  1912. 

(I  have  only  altered  some  of  the  names  to  correspond  with  my  own  work  ; 
the  remarks  and  notes  are  all  Faroult's  own.  The  Gabes  Satyrus  abdelkader 
mentioned  by  him  as  "  vari6te  nelvai  "  have  never  been  recorded  before,  nor  is 
any  record  for  Tunis  extant,  and  I  do  not  know  where  the  specimens  are.  These 
notes  are  the  mere  skeleton  of  what  they  ought  to  have  been,  as  the  bulk  of 
Faroult's  papers  were  burnt  by  accident,  as  he  informs  me. — Rothschild.) 


NOVITATES    ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV.     1917.  32 J 

SOME  FURTHER  NOTES   ON   ANTHREPTES  MALACCENSIS. 
By  ERNST  HARTERT,  Ph.D. 

IN  NoviTATES  ZooLOGiCAE,  ix.  (1902),  p.  209,  I  gave  a  review  of  the  forms 
of  Anthreptes  malaccensis.  Though  it  hold.s  good  in  the  main,  it  requires 
some  supplementary  notes.  I  suggested  that  specimens  from  Palawan  might 
belong  to  A.  malaccensis  cJilorigaster,  the  form  from  the  Southern  Philippines. 
In  NoviTATES  ZooLOGiCAE,  XX.  p.  369,*  Mr.  Stresemann  has  pointed  out  some 
differences,  and  came  to  the  conclusion,  from  comparing  one  $  from  Cagayan 
Sulu,  that  it  was  not  separable  from  the  Palawan  males,  and  therefore  called 
the  latter  A.  malaccensis  cagayanensis  Mearns.  I  agree  with  this,  though  I 
would  like  to  compare  a  series  of  females  from  both  places. 

In  my  review  I  have  not  considered  the  females,  and  most  authors  have 
neglected  them.  This  is  a  mistake,  as  the  females,  in  most  cases,  also  show 
differences,  and  sometimes  more  striking  ones  than  the  males. 

The  ?  of  A.  m.  chlorigaster  differs  from  that  of  A.  m.  malaccensis  in  being 
much  darker  greenish  on  the  underside,  only  a  line  along  the  middle  being  yellow. 

The  $  of  yl.  m.  griseigularis  is  similar,  but  the  crown  is  darker,  the  back 
less  greenish. 

The  ?  of  A.  m.  iviglesworthi  is  distinguished  from  that  of  chlorigaster  by 
the  more  whitish  throat,  paler  breast  and  abdomen,  and  more  grejdsh  crown. 

The  ?  of  A.  m.  celehensis  is  almost  indistinguishable  above  from  that  of 
wiglesworthi,  but  the  throat  is  still  more  whitish  and  the  whole  rest  of  the  under- 
side very  much  paler. 

The  ^  oi  A.  m.  cagayanensis  (accepting  that  the  Palawan  form  is  the  same) 
is  very  near  to  that  of  A.  m.  cJilorigaster,  but  brighter  yellow  along  the  middle 
of  the  underside,  thus  approaching  typical  malaccensis. 

A  great  puzzle  are  the  birds  from  the  Lesser  Sunda  Islands.  In  my  review 
I  kept  them  under  a  separate  number,  but  did  not  provide  them  with  a  name, 
as  they  seemed  to  agree  with  chlorigaster,  and  partly  with  celebensis.  I  cannot 
now  confirm  that  the  Sumba  males  are  Like  those  of  celebensis,  for  they  are  more 
yellowisli  underneath,  but  I  cannot  say  how  they  differ  from  chlorigaster.  The 
females,  on  the  other  hand,  are  distinctly  paler  underneath,  especiaUy  on  the 
throat,  than  those  of  A.  m.  chlorigaster,  but  seem  to  be  indistinguishable  from 
the  females  of  wiglesworthi.  Geographically  it  is  almost  impossible  that  they 
belong  to  either  of  these  forms,  but  until  I  have  seen  more  fresh  material  of  all, 
I  do  not  care  to  take  the  risk  of  providing  them  with  a  name. 


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This  will  be  mailed  free  on  application,  as  well 
as  any  of  the  following  lists : — 
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species):    Birds'  Eggs  (over  1100  species):    Exotic 
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Largasl  slook  in  th»  world  of  spool  mono  in  all  branohoi  of  Zoology. 
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e  of  this  periodical 


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OABiNET   ENTOMOLOGIOUE, 

4,  RUE  DUMERIL,  PARIS  XIII*, 

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and  will  be  pleased  to  send  Catalogties 
on  application. 

Entomological  Collections  Tubchased   iok 
Cash,  and  Specimens  E.xchanged. 


A    REVISION    OF    THE     LEPIDOPTEROUS 
FAMILY 

SPHINGIDAE 

BY    THE 

Hon.  WALTER   ROTHSCHILD,  Ph.D. 

AND 

KARL  JORDAN,  M.A.L..  Ph.D. 
PRICE :  £5  (less  20%  to  Booksellers). 

c.NS.w  and  972  pages,  with  67  Plate.-. 


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l-BINTKD    IIV    HAZei.l.,    WATHON    AND    VINF.Y,    I.l>..    l.UNDO.N    AND    AYLRSBURT. 


y.  ^s,Oi 


NOVITATES  ZOOLOGICAE. 

H  Journal  ot'Zooloo^- 


EDITED    BY 


LORD   ROTHSCHILD,  F.R.S.,  Pu.D., 
Dr.  ERNST   HARTERT.  and  Dr.  K.  JORDAN. 


Vol.   XXIV.    "^"^^l^ 


No.   2. 

Pages    325—438. 
Plates  II.— VIII. 

Issued  August  31st,  at  the  Zoological  Museum,  Trixg. 


PEIKTED   BY   HAZELL,    WATSON   U   VINEY,    Ld.,    LONDON   AND   AYI.KSliURY. 

1917. 


Vol.  XXIV. 

NOVITATES  ZOOLOGICAK 

EDITED  BT 

LORD   ROTHSCHIII),   ERNST   HARTERT,   and  KARL  JORDAN. 


CONTENTS     OF    NO.     II. 

PAOES 

1.  SUPPLEMENTAL  NOTES  TO  MR.  CHARLES 

OBERTHUR'S  FAVNE  DBS  LEPIDOP- 
TERES  DE  LA  BARBARIE  (continued  from 
p.  120) Lord  Rothsthild     .         .     .325—373 

2.  NEW  AMERICAN  GEOMETRIDAE        .         .     Louis  B.  Prout      .         .     374—392 

3.  SUPPLEMENTAL  NOTES  TO  MR.  CHARLES 

OBERTHUR'S    FAUNE    DES    LEPIDOP- 

TERES  DE  LA  BARBARIE  (continued  from    • 

p.  373) Lord  Rothschild     .         .     393—409 

4.  NOTES    AND    DESCRIPTIONS    OF    SOUTH 

AMERICAN    BIRDS Ernst  Hartert  and  Arthur 

Goodion.     .         .         .     410—419 

5.  ON  THE  FORMS  OF  COTVRNIX  COTURNIX    Ernst  Hartert 

6.  DESCRIPTION      OF      THE     FEMALE     OF 

TROIDES   ALLOTTEI       .... 


7.  NEW  AFRICAN  GEOMETRIDAE  . 

8.  SCOLOPAX  RUSTICOLA  MIRA  (PI.  II.) 

9.  DESCRIPTION  OF  A  NEW  ARCTIID    . 


Ernst  Hartert 

.     420—425 

H.  M.  Peebles  and  IF. 

Schmassmann 

426,   427 

Louis  B.  Prout 

.     42S— 436 

Ernst  Hartert 

.     437 

II.  C.  Nissan 

.     438 

Plates  III. — VIII.    akd  Explanations. 
Plates  II. — VIII.  in  this  Number. 


NOVITATES     ZOOLOGIC  AE. 


Vol.  XXIV.  AUGUST  1917.  No.  H. 

SUPPLEMENTAL  NOTES  TO  MR.  CHARLES  OBERTHUR'S 
FAUNE  DES  LEPIDOPTERES  DE  LA  BARBARIE,  WITH 
LISTS  OF  THE  SPECIMENS  CONTAINED  IN  THE  TRING 
MUSEUM. 

(Continued  from  p.  120.) 

By  lord  ROTHSCHILD,    F.R.S.,    Ph.D. 

HETEROCERA. 

SFHINGIDAE. 

1.  Acherontia  atropos  (Linn.). 

Sphinx  atropos  Linnaeus,  Syst.  Nat.  edit.  x.  p.  490.  No.  8  (1758)  (Europe). 

We  only  met  with  this  insect  once,  when  Hilgert  caught  a  fine  specimen  in 
the  waiting-room  at  Ain  Sefra  railway-station.  It  also  appears  to  occur  pretty 
frequently  at  Hammam  Meskoutinc,  where  it  frequents  the  orange  blossoms. 
It  does  not  sQem  to  vary  in  any  way  more  than  in  Europe,  and  the  larva  appears 
in  the  usual  two  forms,  green  and  brown.  The  Tring  Museum  has  12  Algerian 
examples. 

1  Ain  Sefra,  May  1913,  C.  H. 

2  Environs  d'Alger,  June — November  1904-1905,  Dr.  Nissen. 
1  Alger  ?,  A,  Thery. 

7  Batna,  August  1909-19U,  Nelva  coll. 

1  Hammam  Meskoutine,  December  1914,  Paul  Dechabert. 

(1  brought  to  Dr.  Hai-tert  at  Mrair  unfortunately  fell  to  pieces.) 
1  larva,  Perregaux,  1915,  Faroult. 

2.  Amorpha  populi  austauti  (Stdgr.). 

Smerinthus  austauti  Staudinger,  Pet.  Nouv.  Entom.  vol.  ii.  p.  190  (1877)  (Algiers). 

The  only  time  we  met  with  this  species  ourselves  was  when  one  was  brought 
to  us  alive  by  a  soldier  at  Ain  Sefra. 

This  large  and  handsome  form  of  A.  populi  is  fairly  abundant  in  all  the 
places  north  of  the  desert  where  poplar-trees  occur  or  have  been  introduced. 
It  varies  a  great  deal  in  the  ground-colour  of  the  wings,  apparently  unconnected 
in  any  way  with  locality,  though  the  series  from  Le  Kroider  are  all  very  dark 
grey,  even  darker  than  true  austauti,  while  the  bulk  of  the  Aiin  Sefra  series  is 
pale  coloured.     Pour  names  have  been  bestowed  on  four  different  aberrations, 

22 


326  NOVITATES    ZOOLOOICAE    XXIV.     1917. 

but  all  intermediates  occur.  The  following  gives  about  the  proportions  of  the 
four  forms,  but  the  intenBcdiate  ones  are  included  under  the  nearest  form  : 
Le  Krcider,  all  auslanti ;  Ain  Sefra,  4  aiistauii,  8  ab.  siawlingeri,  10  ab.  incarnaia, 

3  ab.  mirahilis  ;  Meridje,  Morocco.  5  austauti,  10  ab.  staudingeri,  5  ab.  incarnata, 

4  ah.  mirahilis;  Sidi-bel-Abbes,  1  ab.  siawlingeri;  Batna,  10  austauti,  11  ab. 
staudingeri,  3  ab.  inmrnata,  10  ab.  mirabilis  ;  Tunis,  1  austauti,  I  ab.  mirahilis. 
In  addition  to  these  four  well-known  aberrations  of  this  insect,  Jlr.  Charles 
Oberthiir  has  named  a  saffron-yellow  specimen  he  received  from  Tangier  ab. 
aurantiaca. 

1  have  one  specimen  taken  in  Algeria  which  is  not  populi  austauti,  but 
true  populi  populi. 

2  Mauretania,  ex.  coll.  Grum-Grshimailo. 

24  Meridje,  Morocco,  including  the  types  of  ab.  staudingeri  Aust.,  ab.  in- 
carnata  Aust.,  and  ab.  mirabilis  Aust. 

25  Ain  Sefra,  W.  R.  and  E.  H.  and  Faroult,  May— July  1913-1915. 
18  Lo  Kreider,  Prov.  Oran.  April  1916,  Rotrou. 

1  Sidi-bel- Abbes,  July  1912,  Rotrou. 

1  Alger,  May  1908,  Dr.  Nissen  (labelled  W.  R.  and  E.  H.). 

1  Hammam  R'ihra,  July  1916,  Faroult. 
34  Batna,  May— July  1909-1914,  A.  Nelva. 

2  Tunis,  Dr.  A.  Koenig.  1886-1887. 

1  larva  (half-grown),  2  pupae,  Meridje,  Dr.  Staudinger. 

3  adult  larvae,  a  number  of  freshly-hatched  larvae,  and  1  pupa,  Ain  Sefra. 

2  pupae  and  6  pupa-cases,  Batna. 

The  Tring  series  of  108  specimens  was  selected  from  some  250  examples 
from  the  various  localities  quoted. 

The  British  Museum  has  1 1  specimens  :  7  Algiers,  Leech  coU.  (austauti)  ; 
4  Am  Sefra  (ab.  staudingeri  and  ab.  mirahilis),  Faroult,  ex  Tring  Museum. 

3.  Amorpha  populi  populi  (Linn.). 

Sphinx  populi  Liiinaeus,  Syst.  Nat.  edit.  x.  p.  489.  No.  2  (1758)  (Sweden). 

The  specimen  detailed  below  had  evidently  been  imported  in  the  egg  stage 
with  young  poplar-trees. 

1  Perregaux,  Prov.  Oran,  1916,  Faroult. 

4.  Smerinthus  ocellatus  atlanticus  (Aust.). 

SmerirUhm  aUanticus  Auataut,  Le  Natural,  vol.  xii.  p.  190  (1890)  (Oudja  (Oudjda  ?  reote,  W.E.)). 

We  never  came  across  this  insect  ourselves,  in  spite  of  having  worked  a 
lamp  in  many  places  where  poplars  and  willows  abound. 

The  Tring  Museum  possesses  49  specimens  of  this  insect ;  but  it  must  not 
be  thought  that  this  small  number  as  compared  with  p.  austauti  denotes  that 
it  is  rarer  than  that  species,  for  it  is  often  much  more  abundant  ;  it  is  only  an 
accident  that  the  Tring  Museum  has  never  received  this  insect  in  quantity. 

4  Meridje,  Morocco,  including  Austaut's  t3'pes  of  atlanticus  and  form.  temp. 
aestivalis. 

4  Algeria,  Bohlmann  (form.  ae#t.  aeslirxilis). 


NoviTATES  Zoological  XXIV.   1917.  327 

2  "S.  Algeria"  !  !  (Batna  ?  W.  R.),  August  1900,  Dr.  Standfuss. 
1  Algiers  ?. 

1  Hussein  Dey,  May  1909,  Captain  Holl. 
15  Batna,  A.  Nelva. 

2  Sidi-bel-Abbes,  April  1916,  Rotrou. 

20  Le  Kreider,  Prov.  Oran,  April  1916,  Rotrou. 
1  larva,  4  pupae,  Batna,  Faroult. 
1  larva,  1  pupa-case,  Sebdou. 
1  larva,  Meridje. 

The  British  Jluseum  has  5  specimens  from  Le  Kreider  ex  Tring  Museum. 
The  second  or  summer  brood  appears  to  be  paler  and  with  a  more  cinnamon- 
rufous  wash,  and  therefore  appears  much  less  grey  than  the  spring  brood.  This 
second  brood  is  the  form.  aest.  aestivalis  of  Austaut. 

5.  Deilephila  nerii  (Linn.). 

Sphinx  nerii  Linnaeus,  Syst.  Nat.  edit.  x.  p.  490.  No.  5  (1758)  (Europe). 

Mr.  Charles  Oberthiir  has  no  direct  evidence  of  the  occurrence  of  this  fine 
insect  in  Mauretania,  and  so  says  that  it  must  remain  for  him  doubtful.  In 
the  autumn  of  1907  our  Arab  guide  and  shikaree,  Sliman  ben  Larbi,  of  Biskra, 
found  several  larvae  of  D.  nerii  on  the  oleander  bushes  in  the  river-bed  at  El 
Kantara,  but,  unfortunately,  all  the  pupae  died  without  yielding  a  perfect  insect. 
I  have  one  larva  received  from  Faroult  which  he  declared  came  from  near  Alger. 

1  larva,  Alger,  Faroult. 

6.  Herse  convolvuli  (Linn.). 

Sphinx  mnvolviili  LinnaeuB,  Syst.  Nal.  edit.  i.  p.  490.  No.  6  (1758). 

This  insect  is  by  no  means  common  in  Mauretania.  We  have  only  seen 
it  once  in  Algeria  ;  I  captured  one  on  the  cinematograph  screen  in  the  Cafe 
Glacier  at  Biskra  in  1908. 

10  Mazagan,  August  1901,  W.  Riggenbaeh. 

1  Sidi-bel-Abbds,  August — September  1916,  Rotrou. 
12  Batna,  1909-1914,  A.  Nelva. 
1  Biskra,  April  1908,  W.  R.  and  E.  H. 

11  St.  Germain,  near  Tunis,  August — September  1905,  E.  Blanc. 
1  lai-va,  Alger  ?,  Faroult. 

The  British  Museum  has  no  Mauretanian  examples. 

7.  Sphinx  ligustri  nisseni  (Rothseh.  and  .lord.). 

Sphitix  liguslri  nisseni   Rothschild  and  Jordan,   Novit,  Zool.  vol.    xxiii.  p.  253  (1916)  (Hammam 
Meskoutine). 

Up  to  the  time  of  writing,  the  single  specimen  taken  by  Dr.  Nissen  remains 
the  only  recorded  specimen  from  Mauretania,  though  Victor  Faroult  asserts 
that  he  took  a  specimen  in  Tunisia  some  j'ears  ago  ;  but  this  specimen  seems 
to  have  vanished  together  with  a  specimen  of  Arctia  mja,  also  said  by  Faroult 
to  have  been  captured  in  Tunisia. 

1  Hammam  Meskoutine,  April  1914,  Dr.  Nissen. 


328  NoiaTATES   ZOOLOQICAE   XXIV.    1917. 

8.  Sphinx  pinastri  pinastri  Linn. 
Sphinx  pinaMri  Linnaeus,  Sysl.  Nat.  edit.  x.  p.  492.  No.  20  (1758)  (Europe). 

Mr.  Cliarles  Oberthiir  records  1  $  taken  by  Harold  Powell  near  Lambessa. 
We  have  only  met  with  this  species  at  Hammam  R'ihra.  In  1908  at  the  foot 
of  an  overturned  Finns  halepensis  I  found  a  dead  pupa,  and  that  was  the  only 
evidence  we  had  till  I  caught  a  o  and  a  $  flying  round  the  honeysuckle  hedge 
(Lonicera)  near  the  Grand  Hotel  in  1913. 

Faroult  found  three  larvae  in  1916,  one  of  \\'hich  he  prepared,  one  died 
in  the  pupa,  and  the  third  emerged  as  a  very  small  and  pale  3  specimen.  There 
appears  to  be  no  difference  from  typical  European  specimens  ;  but  a  larger  series 
from  various  parts  of  Mauretania  may  later  on  show  this  to  be  a  distinct  form 
after  all. 

1  cJ,  1  ?  Hammam  R'ihra,  May— June  1913,  W,  R.  and  E.  H. 
1  <J  Hammam  R'ihra,  ex  larva,  1916,  Faroult. 
1  larva,  1  pupa,  Hammam  R'ihra. 

There  are  no  Mauretanian  examples  recorded,  except  Mr.  Oberthiir's  speci- 
men and  the  three  in  the  Tring  Museum. 

9.  Celerio  nicaea  castissima  (Aust.). 

Deikphila  nicaea  var.  castissima  Austaut,  Le  Natural,  vol.  v.  p.  360  (1889)  (Sebdou). 

The  ab.  carnea  Aust.  has  a  decided  rufous-cinnamon  suffusion. 

We  never  found  this  insect  ourselves.  Harold  Powell  says  that  the  melanic 
form  of  the  larva  is  extremely  rare  in  a  state  of  nature,  but  that  when  the  larvae 
are  reared  in  captivity  a  very  large  proportion  become  melanic.  He  says  the 
change  is  only  apparent  after  the  last  moult.  This  is  slightly  different  from  what 
I  have  to  record.  The  single  melanic  larva  preserved  by  Faroult  from  "  Puits 
Baba  "  was  found  adult  and  after  its  last  moult,  and  was  not  the  product  of 
captivity. 

The  10  larvae  from  Aflou  had  no  indications  as  to  being  already  melanic 
when  found.  But  the  difference  from  those  recorded  bj'  Harold  Powell  con- 
sists in  the  fact  that  this  scries  begins  with  the  second  instar  and  goes  up  to  the 
fuU-fed  larva,  and  they  all,  from  the  smallest  to  the  largest,  are  melanic  ;  which 
shows  that  some  larvae  of  nicaea  castissima  become  melanic  before  the  last 
moult. 

A  specimen  of  the  perfect  insect  from  "  Puits  Baba  "  is  also  melanic  ;  it 
has  the  forewings  entirely  dark  bronzy  green,  except  a  pink  discoceUular  stigma 
and  a  pinkish  patch  above  the  inner  margin  from  which  an  oblique  line  of  a  few 
pinkish  spots  runs  to  apex.  The  dark  submarginal  band  of  the  hindwings  is 
enormously  expanded.  I  have  an  entirely  similar  specimen  of  the  European 
C.  euphorbiae  euphorbiae.  The  Tring  series  of  48  specimens  was  selected  from 
about  150  examples.  Faroult  has  a  number  of  living  pupae  from  Aflou  which 
should  emerge  in  June  and  July  of  this  year. 

1  Meridje,  Morocco,  ex  Austaut  coll. 

3  Sebdou,  inchiding  the  types  of  castissima  Aust.  and  ab.  carnea  Aust. 

2  Khenchela,  June  1911.  Faroult. 
42  Puits  Baba,  1913,  Faroult. 


NoviTATES  ZooLoaicAE  XXIV.  1917.  329 

1  larva,  Khenchela,  Faroult. 

6  larvae,  4  pupae,  Puits  Baba  (1  larva  melanic),  Faroult. 

10  larvae,  Aflou  (melanic),  Faroult. 

The  British  Museum  has  1  Meridje,  C'ercle  d'Oudjda,  Austaut,  ex  Leech 
coll. 

10.  Celerio  euphorbiae  mauretanica  (Stdgr.). 

Deilephila  mauretanica  Staudinger  in  Staudinger  and  VVocke's  Catal.  Lepid.  Eur.  Fauneng.  edit.  ii. 
p.  36.  No.  466  (1871)  (llauretania,  Madagascar). 

We  never  took  this  race  ourselves,  except  a  single  specimen  at  Khenchela. 

1  Felder  coll. 

1   "  Mauretania,"  ex  Grum-Grshimailo  coll. 
35  Batna,  July  1909-1914,  A.  Nelva. 
13  Khenchela,  May— June  1911-1912,  W.  R.  and  K.  J.  and  Faroult. 

11  Lambessa  ex    larva,  L.  Kuhlmann,  (larvae  collected    June    1905,    full, 
fed  ;    emerged  at  Frankfort-on-Maine,  July — August  1905). 

1  Hammam  R'ihra,  May  1916,  Faroult. 
3  Ain  iJraham,  Faroult. 

9  St.  Germain,  near  Tunis,  August — September  1915,  E.  Blanc. 

2  Tunis,  April— June  1916,  E.  Blanc. 

The  British  Museum  has  1  "  Algeria,"  ex  Leech  coll. 

11.  Celerio  euphorbiae  deserticola  (Bartel). 

Deilephila  mauretanica  ab.  deserticola  Bartel  in  Ruhl,  Palaeark.  Orossachm.  vol.  iL  p.  79  (1899)  (loo. 
typ.  reatr.  Biskra,  W.  R.). 

This  pale  desert  form  replaces  e.  mauretanica  south  of  the  Atlas,  and  runs 
up  into  the  "Hauts  Plateaux"  in  the  provinces  of  Alger  and  Oran.  We 
have  taken  it  in  most  parts  of  its  range  which  we  have  visited.  Hartert  saw 
many  larvae  in  May  1912  north  of  El-Golea. 

3  "  Mauretania,"  Grum-Grshimailo  coll. 

9  Aiin  Sefra,  May— July  1913-1915,  W.  R.  and  E.  H.  and  Faroult. 
22  Guelt-es-Stel,  ex  larva  1913,  Faroult. 

3  Bou  Saada,  May  1911. 

1  Laghouat,  April  1911,  W.  R.  and  E.  H. 

1  Ghardaia,  April  1911,  W.  R.  and  E.  H. 

1    <J  north  of  El-Golea,  April  21,  1912,  E.  H.  and  C.  H. 

1  Oued  Nga,  April  1914,  E.  H.  and  C.  H. 
39  Biskra,  March— May   1885  and   1908-1914,   L.   Bleuse  and  W.   R.  and 
E.  H.  (July  ex  larvae,  W.  R.  and  E.  H.). 
16  larvae,  Biskra  (2  W.  R.). 

1  larva,  Guelt-es-Stel,  Faroult. 

1  larva,  Ain  Sefra,  W.  R.  and  E.  H. 

The  British  Museum  has  6  specimens  :  4  Algeria  ex  Leech  coll.  ;  2  imagines 
and  2  larvae,  Hammam-es-Salahin,  Biskra,  April  1904,  Lord  Walsingham  (the 
two  imagines  are  darker  and  less  sandy  than  the  greater  number  of  e.  deserticola, 
approaching  more  e.  mauretanica). 


330  NoVlTAtES    ZOOLOQICAE   XXIV.    191  1. 

lla.  Celerio  euphoibiae  mauretanica  x  C.  lineata  livomica. 

We  have  taken  two  specimens  of  the  above  hybrid  which  compare  very 
well  with  the  artificially  bred  hybrid  between  C.  e.  evpkorbiae  x  C.  I.  livomica. 

The  one  from  Oran  was  taken  by  myself  at  the  electric  liglit  in  the  "  Place,"' 
and  the  one  from  Hammam  R'ihra  was  caught  by  Hilgert. 

1  Oran,  April  1913,  W.  R.  and  E.  H. 

1  Hammam  R'ihra,  May  1913,  W.  R.  and  E.  H. 

■12.  Celerio  lineata  livomica  (Esp.). 

Sphinx  livornica  Esper,  Schmeti.  vol.  U.  p.  88  (1779)  (Europe). 

This  is  by  far  the  commonest  hawk -moth  in  Mauretania  ;  in  Algeria  it  was 
often  a  perfect  pest  when  we  were  collecting  with  a  lamp,  and  at  the  honey- 
suckle hedge  at  Hammam  R'ihra  it  was  in  such  numbers  that  we  coidd  have 
taken  over  a  hundred  every  night,  and  at  Oran  and  Biskra  round  the  lamps  it 
was  sometimes  almost  as  common.  The  laiva  is  very  variable,  but  the  curious 
black  and  gold  variety  which  is  the  normal  form  round  Marseilles  is  very  rare 
in  Mauretania.  The  larva  I  found  at  Ghardaia  is  pale  apple  green  and  looks 
much  lilfe  the  larva  of  C.  centralasiae.  Hartert  found  the  larvae  feeding  (in 
the  bed  of  the  Oued  Mya)  on  Asphodehis  tenuifolius.  The  Tring  Museum  has 
a  series  of  250  Mauretanian  examples. 

4  Mazagan,  Morocco,  April  1901,  W.  Riggenbach. 
1  Fenson,  Morocco,  April  1901,  W.  Riggenbach. 

1  Seksawa,  Morocco,  April  1905,  W.  Riggenbach. 

2  Mogador,  Staudinger. 

10  Zoudj-el-Beghal,  Morocco,  July  1914,  Faroult. 

1  Colomb  Bechar,  March — April  1913,  Faroult. 

2  Djebel  Mekter,  Ain  Scfra,  May  1913,  E.  H.  and  C.  H. 

30  Ain  Sefra,  May  1913-1915,  W.  R.  and  E.  H.  and  Faroult. 
8  Masser  Mines,  June  1914,  Faroult. 

2  Lalla  Marnia,  May  1914,  Faroult. 
20  Oran,  April  1913,.W.  R.  and  E.  H. 

1  Oudjda,  May  1914,  Faroult. 

8  Environs  d'Alger,  May— July  1904^1908,  W.  R.,  E.  H.,  and  Dr.  Nisaen. 
50  Hammam  R'ihra,  May  1913-1916,  W.  R.  and  E.  H.  and  Faroult. 
1  Djebel  Zaccar  above  Miliana,  August  1916,  Faroult. 

15  Guelt-es-8tel,  April  1912-1913,  W.  R.,  K.  J.,  and  Faroult. 
4  Tilghempt,  April  1912,  Faroult. 

6  Bou  Saada,  May  1911,  Faroult. 

3  Oued  N9a,  April— June  1912-1914,  E.  H.  and  C.  H. 
1  South  Oued  Mya,  April  1912,  E.  H.  and  C.  H. 

1  In-Salah,  April  1912,  E.  H.  and  C.  H. 

16  north  of  and  at  Ain  Guettcra,  April  1912,  E.  H.  and  C.  H. 
6  north  of  El  Golea,  March  1912,  E.  H.  and  C.  H. 

1  Bordj  Chegga,  February  1912,  E.  H.  and  C.  H. 
33  Biskra,  March— April  1908-1914,  W.  R.  and  E.  H. 

1  El  Kantara,  June  1911,  Cheli  Brahim. 
14  Khenchela,  June  1911,  Faroult. 


NovttaTes  Zoolooicae  XXIV.  1917.  331 

3  Souk  Ahras,  April  1914,  W.  R.  and  K.  J. 

6  Ain  Draham,  August — September  1912,  Faroult. 
1  larva,  Marcouna,  Faroult. 

1  larva,  Ghardaia,  W.  R.  and  E.  H. 

1  larva,  Ain  Sefra,  W.  R.  and  E.  H. 

2  larvae,  Hammam  R'ibra,  Faroult. 

Several  young  larvae  north  of  Ain  Guettera,  March  1912,  E.  H.  and  C.  H. 

The  British  Museum  has  1  specimen  :  Biskra,  Rev.  A.  E.  Eaton  (bred  from 
a  larva  feeding  on  Asphodelus  pendulitms  ;    emerged  June  1897). 

13.  Hippotion  celerio  (Linn.). 

Sphinx  celerio  Linnaeus,  Syst.  Nat.  edit.  x.  p.  491.  No.  10  (1758)  (Europe). 

We  only  met  with  this  species  once  in  Algeria,  when  Hilgert  caught  a  rather 
poor  specimen  at  the  honeysuckle  hedge  in  Hammam  R'ihra. 

8  Sidi-bel- Abbes,  August — September  1916,  Rotrou. 
5  Mazagan,  Morocco,  April  1901,  W.  Riggenbach. 
1  Rabat,  A.  Thery,  1914. 
20  Batna,  April— May  1909-1914,  A.  Nelva. 
1  Hammam  R'ihra,  May  1913,  W.  R.  and  E.  H. 

3  Environs  d'Alger,  September  1906,  Dr.  Nissen. 

1  Blida  (ex  larva  October  1916,  emerged  January  1917),  Faroult. 

The  British  Museum  has  no  Mauretanian  examples.     The  Tring  Museum 
has  39  Mauretanian  specimens. 

14.  Pergesa  porcellus  colossus  (Bang-Haas). 

Metoapilue  porcellus  var.  colossus  Bang-Haaa,  Iris,  vol.  xix.  p.  129  (1906)  (Teniet-el-Haad). 

This  insect  appears  to  be  rare  in  Mauretania.     We  met  with  it  only  once 
at  BUda  les  Glacieres,  when  a  fairly  good  S  came  to  Ught. 

1  Blida  les  Glacieres,  June  1908,  W.  R.  and  K,  J. 
1  Djebel  Zaccar  above  Miliana,  June  1916,  Faroult. 

1  Batna,  1908,  Master-Saddler  Taillefer  (poor  specimen). 

15.  Macroglossum  stellatarum  (Linn.). 

Sphinx  stellatarum  Linnaeus,  Syst.  Nat.  edit.  x.  p.  493.  No.  26  (1758). 

Although  it  is  widespread  and  common  in  all  parts  of  Mauretania,  our  series 
at  Tring  is  poor  in  number  as  well  as  in  condition,  totalling  only  34  examples. 

7  Mazagan,  Morocco,  April  1900-1902,  W.  Riggenbach. 

2  Rabat,  1914,  A.  Thery. 

2  Ain  Sefra,  May  1913,  W.  R.  and  E.  H. 
1  Saida,  May  1913,  W.  R.  and  E.  H. 

1  Oran,  April  1913,  W.  R.  and  E.  H. 

4  Environs  d'Alger,  May — June  1905-1908,  W.  R.,  E.  H.,  and  Dr.  Nissen. 

3  Blida  les  Glacieres.  W.  R.  and  K.  J.,  1908. 

7  Hammam  R'ihra,  April— August  1908-1916,  W.  R.,  E.  H.,  K.  J.,  and 
Faroult. 


332  NOVITATES    ZOOLOQICAE    XXIV.    191 7. 

1  South  Oued  Mya,  May  1912.  E.  H.  and  (".  H. 

2  Biskra,  March  1908-1911,  W.  R.  and  E.  H. 
2  El  Kantara,  March  1908,  W.  R.  and  E.  H. 
2  Souk  Ahras,  April  1914,  W.  R.  and  K.  J. 

IC.  Haemorrhagia  tityus  tityus  (Linn.). 

Sphinx  tityus  Linnaeus,  Sysl.  Nat.  edit.  x.  p.  493.  No.  24  (1758). 

Wc  never  found  this  species,  and  the  Tring  Museum  possesses  no  Maure- 
tanian  examples. 

17.  Haemorrhagia  fuciformis  hiciformis  (Linn.). 

Sphinx  fuciformis  Linnaeus,  Syst.  Xat.  edit.  x.  p.  493.  No.  28  (1758)  (Europe). 

We  found  this  species  at  Hammam  R'ihra,  where  Hilgert  caught  a  fine 
specimen  in  May  1911.  In  our  "Revision  of  the  Sphingidae,"  NoviT.  Zool. 
vol.  ix.  Suppl.  p.  455  (1903),  we  give  among  the  localities  for  this  species  "North 
Africa,"  but  so  far  as  I  have  been  able  to  ascertain  the  only  Mauretanian 
examples  available  for  examination  are  my  two  from  Haraniam  R'ihra,  for 
Mr.  Oberthiir  only  quotes  our  "  North  Africa." 

2  Hammam  R'ihra,  May— June  191.V1916,  W.  R.,  E.  H.,  and  Faroult. 

The  British  Museum  has  no  Mauretanian  examples  of  any  of  the  last  four 
species.  In  the  Intern.  Entoni.  Zeitsch.  Stuttg.  vol.  xxiii.  p.  105,  Dr.  Seitz  gives 
a  list  of  11  Sphingidae  as  occurring  in  Algeria,  of  which  the  only  one  we  at 
Tring  have  no  definite  records  of  is  Hippotion  osiris  Dalm.  :  as  this  occurs 
sporadically  and  at  long  intervals  in  Spain,  there  is  no  reason  to  doubt  its  occa- 
sional occurrence  in  Mauretania.  Dr.  Seitz  then  proceeds  to  state  that  the 
occurrence  of  H.  fuciformis,  P.  porcellus,  C.  vespertilio,  and  Proserpiniis  proser- 
pina  Pall,  in  Mauretania  rests  on  erroneous  identifications.  As  we  have  seen, 
H.  fvciformis  and  P.  porcellus  colossus  are  natives  of  Algeria,  and  I  see  no  reason 
why  Proserpinus  should  not  be  discovered  there  as  well  ;  but  I  do  not  beheve 
that  C.  vespertilio,  which  is  a  high  Alpine  species  extending  from  Switzerland 
to  Persia,  will  be  found  within  our  limits.  There  is,  however,  a  lot  of  lepidoptero- 
logically  unexplored  mountain  country  both  in  Algeria  and  Timis,  and  nearly 
the  whole  of  Morocco  is  virgin  ground  ;  so  that  many  and  great  surprises  no 
doubt  await  us.  In  his  article  Mr.  Meade-Waldo  records  Acherontia  atropos, 
Tangier,  September  1901  ;  Amorpha  populi  austauti,  ab.  incarnata,  Tangier  ; 
Celerio  lineata  livornica,  April  and  May  1901,  Tangier  ;  Hippotion  celerio,  Tangier, 
September  1901  ;    and  Macroglossum  stelkdarum,  very  common  everywhere. 

Mr.  de  Joannis  records  Celerio  lineata  livornica  as  taken  at  the  Oued 
Kadamellet  (north  of  Air),  September  1905,  by  M.  R.  C'hudeau. 

ZYGAEITIDAE. 

[Zygaena  Javonia-loyselis  group. 

Mr.  Oberthiir,  in  Fasc.  XII.  pp.  222-223  of  his  Etudes  Comparees,  in  discussing 
the  three  forms  of  the  tr I folii  group  found  in  Algeria,  is  of  opinion  that  modern 
lepidopterists  have  united  too  many  forms  under  the  specific  entity  Irifolii,  and 
that  when  the  genitaha  have  been  carefully  studied  we  shall  find  that  the  group 
of  forms   placed    under   the  specific  entity  Zygaena  trifolii  Esp.  will  prove  to 


NOVITATES  ZoOLOaiCAE  XXIV.    1917.  333 

belong  to  several  species.  In  this  I  am  inclined  to  heartily  agree  with  him.  I 
now,  however,  have  to  point  out  that  in  view  of  his  opinion  on  the  irijolii  group, 
his  treatment  of  the  favonia  group  appears  very  inconsistent.  He  quite  con- 
sistently treats  loyselis  as  a  good  species  on  evidence  which,  to  my  mind,  is 
quite  conclusive,  but  he  has  lumped  all  the  remaining  named  forms  as  aberra- 
tions of  favonia.  As  I  will  explain  later,  this  treatment  is  quite  an  impossible 
one,  for  should,  after  all,  tliese  forms  thevestis,  staudingeri,  vitrina,  and  valentini 
turn  out  to  belong  to  favonia  specifically,  several  of  them  must  rank  as  sub- 
species and  not  as  aberrations.  I  consider,  however,  that  vitrina  and  thevestis 
are  good  species.  First  of  all,  Mr.  A.  Nelva  assured  me  that  he  had  bred  vitrina 
and  that  it  had  a  larva  somewliat  intermediate  between  that  of  favonia  and 
loyselis  and  the  food  plant  was  an  Eryngium  with  blue  flowers,  while  favonia 
and  loyselis  feed  exclusively  on  the  Eryngivm  campestre,  which  has  yellow 
flowers. 

Mr.  Oberthiir  states  quite  truly  that  at  Batna  and  Lambessa  and  Khenchcla 
the  form  thevestis  is  very  rare  and  quite  sporadic,  while  at  Aflou  and  Geryville 
this  form  preponderates  and  favonia  is  the  one  of  sporadic  occurrence.  Mr. 
Oberthiir  refers  us  to  his  Etudes  d'Entomologie,  livr.  xiii.,  and  he  has  assumed 
that  thevestis  is  only  an  aberration  or  form  of  favonia,  as  one  was  taken  in  copula 
with  a  typical  favonia.  This  to  my  mind  is  no  evidence  at  all  ;  the  Zygaenas, 
in  my  opinion,  which  Dr.  Jordan  confirms,  are  a  family  still  as  it  were  in  the 
melting-pot,  and  quite  in  a  transition  stage  of  development.  We  find  characters 
developed  on  one  side  and  not  on  the  other,  and  in  many  specimens  (that  is,  a 
larger  proportion  than  in  other  families)  of  one  and  the  same  species  a  mixture 
of  characters  quite  abnormal.  As  a  consequence  we  also  find  a  greater  tendency 
for  all  sorts  of  Zygaenas  to  copulate  with  one  another,  though  hybrids  in  a 
state  of  nature  are  rarely  produced  from  such  mixed  intercourse.  I  have,  how- 
ever, among  my  loyselis  two  which  liave  pale  red  collars,  but  the  hairs  on  the 
tegulae  and  patagia  are  white  as  in  thevestis.  These,  I  think,  are  clearly  hybrids 
between  loyselis  and  thevestis.  I  received  478  Zygaenas  of  this  group  from 
Guelt-es-Stel  from  Victor  Faroult,  and  of  these  460  were  thevestis  and  18 
loyselis  ;  not  a  single  one  was  favonia.  I  have  from  elsewhere  2  thevestis  from 
Khenchela  out  of  132,  1  from  Batna  out  of  287,  2  from  Marcouna  out  of  48, 
1  from  C'heha  out  of  20,  and  1  from  Lambessa  out  of  7. 

Of  this  group  the  Tring  Museum  possesses  1,240  examples,  besides  some  400 
or  500  duplicates,  of  which  100  arc  loyselis,  and  1,140  favonia-vitrina-thevestis. 
Of  the  series  from  the  west  of  Algeria  from  Masser  Mines — Nedroma  of  250,  5 
are  true  favonia  and  245  are  staudingeri,  i.e.  have  a  pink  ring  on  one  segment 
of  the  abdomen  only.  I  have  this  form  otherwise  only  from  Hammam  R'ihra, 
where  some  of  the  examples  have  even  partly  lost  the  pink  ring  altogether  ; 
of  the  41  specimens  from  this  place  in  the  Tring  series,  19  are  of  the  form  stau- 
dingeri. I  have  come  to  the  conclusion,  therefore,  that  in  this  group  loyselis, 
vitrina,  thevestis,  and  favonia  are  four  distinct  species,  while  confluens  Dz.  is  an 
aberration  of  loyselis,  and  staudingeri  is  a  subspecies  of  favonia  occurring  as  an 
aberration  in  the  east  and  as  a  subspecies  in  the  west  of  the  range  ;  valentini 
is  an  aberration  of  favonia,  while  the  Moroccan  forms  must  be  separated  as 
subspecies.  It  only  remains  to  find  out  what  designation  these  latter  should 
bear.  M.  Blachier  has  described  from  Morocco  a  Zygaerui  favonia  var.  aurata 
in  which  the  ground-colour  is  greenish  golden,  but  there  are  specimens  which 


334  NOVITATES   ZOOLOOICAE   XXIV.    1917. 

are  not  at  all  like  this,  while  I  have  2  favonia  from  Batna  which  have  the  ground- 
colour exactly  lilce  aurata  Blachier.  My  5  from  Mogaclor  are  not  like  auraUi, 
but  very  dark,  similar  in  colour  to  sarpedon  ab.  vernetensis  Oberth. ;  aurata 
Blach.  and  a  form  almost  like  typical  favonia  were  got  by  Mr.  Meade- Waldo 
about  12,000  feet  on  Tizi  Gourza  in  July  1901,  where  they  were  very  abundant. 
It  would  therefore  appear  that  two  races  of  favonia  occur  in  Morocco  :  first, 
the  high  mountain  form,  which,  however  unfortunately,  must  stand  as  Z. 
favonia  aurata  Blach.  ;  second,  the  Atlantic  Coast  form,  which  requires  a  new 
name.] 

18.  Zygaena  zuleima  Pierret. 

Zygaena  zuleima  Pierret,  Ann.  Soc.  Entom.  France,  vol.  vi.  p.  22.  tab.  1.  f.  8  (1837)  (B6ne). 

We  found  this  insect  very  scarce  and  local,  and  it  was  only  on  our  sixth 
visit  to  Algeria  in  1914that  we  dropped  across  it  accidentally  in  the  Arab  cemetery 
at  Souk  Ahras,  where  it  positively  swarmed. 

1  Oran,  April  1913,  W.  R.  and  E.  H. 
12  Environs  d'Alger,  Dr.  Nissen  and  Captain  Holl. 

1  Environs  d'Alger,  March  1912,  W.  R.  and  K.  J. 

2  Maison  Caree,  March  1910,  Captain  HoD. 

2  Hammam  R'ihra,  May  1911-1913,  W.  R.  and  E.  H. 

1  Constantine,  May  1908,  W.  R.  and  E.  H. 

139  Souk  Ahras,  April  1914,  W.  R.  and  K.  J. 

6  Djebel  Djeloud,  March  1912,  Tunisia,  Staudinger. 

1  Djebel  Ressas,  March  1912,  Staudinger  (yellow  aberration). 
6  Mauretania,  Grum-Grshimailo  coll.  and  Staudinger. 

2  ? 

2  cocoons. 

The  yellow  aberration  appears  not  to  have  been  recorded  before.  The 
specimen  from  Djebel  Ressas  is  a  ?  and  the  red  is  replaced  by  huffish  yellow. 
I  name  it  ab.  flavescens  ab.  nov. 

The  British  Museum  has  10  specimens  :  2  labelled  Spain  !  !  and  4  Morocco  ?  ! 
Leech  coll. ;  2  Algiers,  Frey  coll.  ;   2  Teniet-el-Haad,  May  1892,  G.  Lewis. 

The  Tring  series  totals  173  specimens. 

19.  Zygaena  loyselis  Oberth. 

Zygaena  loijaelis  Oberthiir,  Etud.  Entom.  liv.  i.  p.  34.  t.  4.  f.  4  (1876)  (Lambesaa). 

Although  we  collected  Zygaenas  in  considerable  numbers  in  several  districts 
where  loyselis  occurs,  we  never  caught  a  specimen  ;  though  after  Mr.  A.  Nelva 
showed  me  how  to  look  for  them,  I  found  several  larvae  at  Batna. 

19  Guelt-es-Stel,  May  1913,  Faroult. 

14  Puits  Baba,  May  1913,  Faroult. 

16  Djelfa,  May  1913,  Faroult. 

38  Batna,  May— Jime  1911-1912,  A.  Nelva. 

4  Lambessa,  May — June  1885-1912.  L.  Bleuse  and  A.  Nelva. 

1  Khenchcla,  June  1911,  Faroult. 

6  Mauretania,  Grum-Grshimailo  coll.  and  Staudinger. 


NOVITATES    ZOOLOOICAE    XXIV.     1917.  335 

Of  the  98  specimens  enumerated  above,  10  are  ab.  confluens  Dz.    One  Guelt- 
es-Stel  example  has  the  ground-colour  of  the  forewngs  deep  steel  blue. 
The  British  Museum  has  2  "Algiers  "  !    Leech  coll. 


20.  Zygaena  loyselis  occidentalis  Oberth. 

Zygaena  loyselis  ocHdetUalis  Oberthiir,  Etud.  Lepidop.  Conip.  Faac.  XII.  p.  208  (1916)  (G&yville). 

We  never  found  this  insect  in  the  west  of  Algeria,  as  we  were  too  early  at 
Oran,  Lalla  Marnia,  and  Tlemcen,  and  at  Saida  we  only  caught  2  Zygaenas 
altogether. 

1  Geryville,  May  1886,  Lt.  Lahaye. 
1  Lalla  Marnia,  May  1914,  Faroult. 

The  British  Museum  has  1  Geryville,  Leech  coll. 

21.  Zygaena  favonia  favonia  Frr. 

Zygaena  javonia  Freyer,  Neu.  Beitr.  Schmett.  vol.  v.  p.  76.  t.  428.  f.  1  (1845)  (Turkey  !  !). 

Freyer  described  favonia  from  a  specimen  captured  by  Dr.  Wagner,  but 
evidently  not  reahsing  that  Dr.  Wagner  had  also  made  extensive  journeys  in 
Algeria,  he  gave  a  wrong  locahty.  Z.  valentini  Brd.  appears  to  be  the  typical 
foim  and  javonia  only  an  occasional  very  dark  aberration,  but  favonia,  having 
been  pubhshed  two  j^ears  before,  must  stand. 

We  collected  favonia  first  at  Hammam  R'ihra  in  1908,  where  most  of  the 
specimens  had  only  one  pink  ring,  and  we  have  taken  it  at  ELhenchela,  Saida, 
and  Hammam  Meskoutine  among  other  places.  Through  the  help  of  Mr.  A. 
Nelva,  I  found  a  few  larvae  of  this  species  myself  at  Batna  and  later  at  Hammam 
Meskoutine.     The  Tring  series  numbers  587  examples. 

5  Masser  Mines,  June  1914,  Faroult. 

7  Environs  d'Alger,  1909,  Captain  Holl. 

7  Foret  de  Yakouren,  May  1909,  Mrs.  Walsh. 
22  Hammam  R'ihra,  May  1908-1911,  W.  R.,  E.  H.,  and  K.  J. 
131  Khenchela,  May— June  1911-1912,  W.  R.,  K.  J.,  and  Faroult. 
46  Djebel  Marcouna,  June  1911,  Faroult. 
19  Djebel  Cheha,  June  1911,  Faroult. 

6  Lambessa,  June  1885,  L.  Bleuse. 

10  Hammam  Meskoutine  ex  larva  (larva  found  May  1914,  emerged  at  Tring 
June  1914). 

2  Ain  Draham,  July  1911,  Faroult. 

34  Environs  de  Tunis,  March— June  1911-1915,  Staudinger  and  E.  Blanc. 

35  Djebql  Ressas,  Tunisia,  April  1912,  Staudinger. 

2  Djebel  Djeloud,  Tunisia,  March  1912,  Staudinger. 

(1  Djebel  Ressas   is  the   yellowish    ab.    poivelli   Oberth.   and    1    Djebel 
Djeloud  example  is  a  bright  clear  yellow.) 
287  Batna,  May— June  1911-1912,  Nelva. 

1  Geryville,  May  1885,  Lt.  Lahaye. 

2  Mauretania,  Staudinger. 

1  Morocco  !  !  Grum-Grshimailo  coll. 


336  NOVITATES    ZOOLOOICAE   XXIV.    1917. 

The  ochre-yellow  form  alone  lias  been  named  ab.  fowelli  by  Mr.  Oberthur, 
90  I  propose  for  the  clear  bright  yellow  form  the  name  of  ab.  flava  ab.  nov. 

The  British  Museum  has  8  specimens  :  2  Algiers,  Frey  coll. ;  2  Mauretania, 
Leech  coll.  ;  .3  Constantine,  Crowley  bequest ;  1  Shietia,  Tunisia,  G.  C.  Champion. 

22.  Zygaena  favonia  staudingeri  Aust. 

Zygaena  cedri  var.  staudingeri  Au3taut,  Peiites  Nouv.  Entom.  vol.  ii.  p.  243  (1878)  (Nemours). 

We  never  took  this  form  in  the  west,  but  found  it  as  an  aberration  at 
Hammam  R'ihra. 

Mr.  Oberthiir  has  confused  this  race  with  vitrina  Stdgr.,  which  I  consider 
a  distinct  species,  for  reasons  stated  before.  I  have  never  seen  vitrina, 
which  appears  to  be  confined  to  the  province  of  Constantine,  with  only 
one  pink  abdominal  ring  ;  it  always  has  two  and  generally  three  such  rings ; 
while,  on  the  contrary,  from  wherever  I  have  seen  true  favonia,  I  have 
seen  occasionally  specimens  with  single  rings  and  in  the  extreme  west  of 
Algeria  only  2  per  cent,  or  20  per  1,000  have  more  than  one  ring.  I  therefore 
consider  that  /.  staudingeri  (which  differs  from  favonia  favonia  in  the  single 
abdominal  ring)  should  be  treated  as  a  local  subspecies  and  not  only  as  an 
aberration. 

1  Saida,  May  1913,  W.  R.  and  E.  H. 
1  Tifrit,  May  1913,  W.  R.  and  E.  H. 
236  Masser  Mines,  June  1914,  Faroult. 
19  Hammam  R'ihra,  May  1908-1911,  W.  R.,  E.  H.,  and  K.  J. 

23.  Zygaena  favonia  littoralis  subsp.  nov. 

(J  ?.  Differs  from  /.  favonia  in  the  ground-colour  of  the  forewings  being  as 
dark  as  in  sarpedon  veryietensis,  i.e.  sooty  green-grey,  ^^•hile  the  red  spots  and  the 
hindwings  are  of  a  dark  purpUsh  blood-red.  There  is  a  single  abdominal  ring  as 
in  /.  staudingeri. 

Habitat.  Atlantic  Uttoral  of  Morocco. 

5  Mogador,  Staudinger. 

24.  Zygaena  favonia  aurata  Blachier. 

Zygaena  favonia  aurata  Blachier,  Bull.  Soc.  Entom.  France,  vol.  Ixxiv.  p.  213  (1905)  (Moroccan 
Atlas). 

I  have  seen  two  specimens  of  this  form  collected  by  Mr.  Meade-Waldo  on 
Tizi  Gourza,  Moroccan  Atlas,  about  1 2,400  ft.,  in  July  1 901 ,  together  with  a  speci- 
men which  is  intermediate  between  favonia  stavdingeri  and  favonia  littoralis. 
In  his  article  Mr.  Meade- Waldo  says  both  forms  were  very  common.  For  the 
moment  I  retain  these  two  forms  under  favonia  as  a  local  race  ;  but  I  believe 
when  we  get  more  material  aurata  will  prove  a  distinct  species,  alongside  of  which 
occurs  a  local  race  of  favonia. 

This  other  form  I  propose  to  name  for  the  present  /.  aurata  form,  diniorph. 
iyitermedia  form.  nov.  ;  but  if  aurata  proves,  as  I  believe  it  ^ill,  to  be  a  distinct 
species,  it  will  then  have  to  stand  as  favonia  intermedia  Rothseh. 

Of  this  intermedia  there  are  in  the  Britisli  Museum,  in  addition  to  Mr.  Meade- 
Waldo's  Tizi  Gourza  specimen,  seven  others  labelled  "  Morocco,"  Leech  coll. 


NOVTIATES    ZOOLOOICAE   XXIV.    1917.  337 

25.  Zygaena  thevestis  Stdgr. 

Zygaena  tlievestis  Staudiager,  Bed.  Entom.  Zeitschr.  vol.  xxxi.  p.  33  (1887)   (Lainbessa,  Tebessa). 

I  have  stated  above  that  I  consider  tliis  a  distinct  species  which  is  very 
rare  in  the  province  of  Constantine,  fairly  common  in  the  province  of  Oran,  and 
very  abundant  on  the  "  Hants  Plateaux  "  of  the  central  province.  That  it  has 
been  observed  in  copula  with  favonia,  I  must  again  repeat,  is  no  evidence  of 
specific  identity,  as  many  species  of  Zygaena  have  been  observed  in  copula  with 
very  diverse  other  species,  and  even  with  Procris,  and  j'ct  no  one  disputes  their 
specific  rank. 

We  have  only  taken  a  single  thevestis,  and  that  at  Khenchela.  The  British 
Museum  has  no  examples.     The  Tring  series  totals  292  examples. 

1  Mauretania,  Staudinger. 
285  Guelt-es-Stel,  June  1913,  Faroult. 
1  Batna,  1909,  Nelva. 

1  Djebel  CheUa,  June  1911,  Faroult. 

2  Djebel  Marcouna,  June  1911,  Faroult. 

2  Lambessa,  June  1885-1912,  Nelva  and  L.  Bleuse. 

26.  Zygaena  vitrina  Stdgr. 

Zygaena  favonia  var.  vitrina  Staudinger,  Berl.  Entom.  Zeitschr.  vol.  xxxi.  p.  32  (1887)  (Constantine). 
We  never  found  this  insect  ourselves,  nor  have  any  of  my  correspondents 
found  it  except  Mr.  A.  Nelva,  who  has  bred  a  few  from  larvae  feeding  on  a  blue- 
flowered  Eryngium.     The  British  Museum  has  no  examples. 

7  Mauretania,  Grum-Grshimailo  coll.  and  Staudinger. 
27.  Zygaena  seriziati  Oberth. 

Zygaena  seriziati  Oberthiir,  Etud.  Entom.  Uv.  i.  p.  33  (1876)  (Collo). 

We  have  never  taken  this  species  ourselves,  not  having  collected  in  the 
locaUties  where  it  is  found  ;  in  fact,  in  the  only  one  of  these  we  have  visited 
(Bone)  we  stayed  only  a  few  hours  on  our  way  back  from  Lac  Fezara. 

2  Collo,  May  1887,  Dr.  Seriziat,  Grum-Grshimailo  coll. 
9  Mauretania,  Grum-Grshimailo  coll.  and  Staudinger. 
32  Leila  Kredidja,  June— July  1907-1912,  Dr.  Nissen. 

The  specimens  in  which  the  hindwings  have  the  red  reduced  to  a  spot  at  the 
base  and  one  on  the  disc  have  been  named  ab.  nigra  Dz,  All  my  series  from  Leila 
Kredidja  are  of  this  form,  and  moreover  the  red  spots  on  the  forewings  are  very 
small. 

The  British  Museum  has  1 6  specimens  :  4  Collo,  Frey  coll.  ;  5  PhiUppeville, 
May  1904,  Lord  Walsingham  ;  2  Algeria,  Herring,  1874  ;  and  5  ex  Leech  coll. 
labelled  3  "  Algiers  "  !  !  and  2  "  Spain  "   !  !  !     The  Tring  series  totals  43. 

28.  Zygaena  syracusia  Zell. 

Zygaena  syracusia  Zeller,  Iris,  vol.  xl.  col.  301.  No.  68  (3)  (1847)  (Sicily). 

The  same  remarks  apply  to  this  species  as  to  seriziati,  namely,  that  we 
ourselves  never  took  it  ;   but,  unlike  that  species,  the  cause  is  not  the  same, 


338  NOVITATES    ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV.     1917. 

for  we  have  collected  in  many  of  the  localities  syracusiae  inhabits,  but  we  never 
liad  the  hick  to  find  it. 

Mr.  Oberthiu-  is  convinced  that  this  form  and  the  last  are  quite  distinct  from 
trijolii,  in  which  I  agree  ^\ith  him.  I  also  agree  that  Spanish  australis  and  syra- 
cusiae are  very  different ;  but  I  cannot  see  any  difiercnce  between  my  few  Khen- 
cliela  specimens  and  the  Batna-Lambessa  ones.  I  have  too  few  from  Khenchela  to 
assert  positively  that  they  are  the  same — perhaps  the  facts  are  that  both  australis 
and  syracusiae  occur  at  Khenchela  ;  but  I  can  say  this,  that  I  have  never  seen  a 
single  Algerian  specimen  with  such  pointed  forewings  nor  with  the  "ground- 
colour "  so  green  as  my  Central  Spanish  specimens.  As  I  have  no  specimens  from 
Hammam  R'ihra,  my  three  Khenchela  specimens  are  the  only  Mauretanian  speci- 
mens I  have,  with  a  definite  locality,  which  belong  to  syracusiae,  according  to  Mr. 
Oberthiir's  locaUties,  but  I  can  only  repeat  they  agree  exactly  with  those  I  have 
from  Batna,  Lambessa,  and  Ljebel  ChcUa,  of  which  the  ground-colour  is  some- 
times green  and  sometimes  more  blue.  I  therefore  can  only  suppose  that  either 
all  mine  are  australis  or  else  that  name  cannot  be  applied  to  any  form  from  south 
of  the  Mediterranean.     This  latter  is  decidedly  my  view  of  the  case  and  the  one 

I  adopt  here.     Six  specimens  from  Batna  are  veritable  dwarfs  (length  of  forewing 

II  mm.,  expanse  25  mm.  ;    while  the  largest  specimen  from  Batna  has  length 
of  forewing  17  mm.,  expanse  39  mm.). 

112  Batna,  May — October  1910-1915,  Nelva  and  Faroult. 
6  Lambessa,  June  1 885,  L.  Bleuse. 
3  Klienchela,  June  1911,  Faroult. 
6  Djebel  Cheha,  June  1911,  Faroult. 

9  Hussein  Dey  (Environs  d'Alger),  May— October  1908-1910,  Captain  Holl. 
2  Mauretania,  Staudinger. 
6  Environs  de  Tunis,  April — June  1916,  E.  Blanc. 

The  latter  five  specimens  are  rather  different  from  the  rest,  being  decidedly 
much  bluer,  and  the  five  red  spots  on  the  forewing  are  much  smaller. 
The  British  Museum  does  not  possess  this  insect,  from  Mauretania. 


29.  Zygaena  algira  algira  Dup. 

Zygaena  algira  Duponchel  in  Godart's  Pap.  France,  vol.  iii.  Suppl.  ii.  p.  86.  No.  xxxiii.  (1835)  (Alger). 

Mr.  Oberthiir  has  renamed  the  insect  figured  by  Herrich-Schaefferas  algira, 
and  which  is  also  the  insect  described  by  Duponchel  as  algira,  as  hachaga  in  his 
Etudes  Gomparees.  This  he  has  done  solely  because  Duponchel's  figure  does 
not  agree  with  his  description,  and  Mr.  Oberthur  only  acknowledges  figures.  The 
insect  on  Plate  VII.  fig.  6  is  that  of  a  Zygaena  with  white  collar  and  whitish  patagia 
combined  with  a  red  streak  on  the  inner  margin  of  the  forewings,  while  the  dark 
markings  do  not  agree  with  those  of  algira  in  shape  or  number.  It  is  quite 
possible  that  this  figure  represents  a  chance  liybrid  between  felix  Oberth.  and 
algira  Dup.  ;  but  whatever  it  may  be  it  does  not  concern  the  question  of  tlie  name 
algira,  for  notwithstanding  the  efforts  of  Mr.  Oberthiir  and  his  friends,  the 
largest  number  of  entomologists  of  the  world  will  always  continue  to  abide  by  the 
International  Rules  of  Zoological  Nomenclature,  and  these  state  that  in  the  case 
of  a  description  and  figure  purporting  to  be  both  of  the  same  insect  but  in  reality 


NOVTTATES    ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV.     1917.  339 

representing  two  distinct  species,  the  description  and  not  the  figure  decides  to 
which  of  the  two  species  the  name  refers. 

Until  we  discover  a  Zygaena  hke  the  figure  of  Duponchel,  this  latter  will 
I'emain  doubtful  ;  but  there  can  be  no  doubt  to  what  insect  Duponchel's  descrip- 
tion refers,  and  even  Mr.  Oberthiir  acknowledges  that  he  has  specimens  from 
Sebdou,  Khenchela,  and  Bainen  which  only  differ  from  typical  hilaris  of  Europe 
by  the  red  streak  along  the  inner  margin  of  the  forewings,  and  thus  agreeing 
absolutely  with  Duponchel's  description.  I  therefore  am  unable  to  foUow  Mr. 
Oberthiir's  reasoning,  and  consider  that  his  name  bachaga  must  either  be  sunk  as 
an  absolute  synonym  or  else  be  used  as  an  aberrational  name  only  to  designate  the 
specimens  with  very  heavy  black  markings  and  pale  rings  round  the  dark  spots. 

We  have  taken  this  insect  in  special  abundance  at  Alger  and  Hammam 
R'ihra,  and  we  found  that  in  the  Alger  series  the  specimens  with  heavy  black 
markings  were  much  more  abundant  than  in  the  Hammam  R'ihra  series.  In 
West  Algeria  it  appears  to  be  much  rarer  than  in  East  Algeria,  for  I  have  only  one 
specimen  from  Oran  ;  and  the  only  place  we  found  it  ourselves  was  on  the  Djebel 
Mekter,  and  out  of  a  series  of  98  Zygacnas  from  there,  7  were  algira  and  91 
marcouna.  I  brought  back  a  large  number  of  cocoons  of  this  species  to  Tring, 
and  bred  a  fine  series,  as  well  as  a  large  number  of  two  or  three  species  of 
Hymenopterous  and  two  of  Dipterous  parasites. 

15  Djebel  Zaccar,  above  JNIiliana,  June  1916,  Faroult. 

7  Djebel  Mekter,  Ain  Sefra,  May  1913,  E.  H.  and  C.  H. 
1  Oran,  ex  coll.  Grum-Grshimailo. 
37  Environs  d'Alger,  March-^une  1907-1912,  W.  R.,  K.  J.,  and  Dr.  Nissen. 
1  ex  larva  (larva  Alger,  emerged  Hammam  R'ihra,  May  1 908 ;  aberration  with 
most  of  black  patches  coalescent). 

7  ex  larva  (larva  Alger,  emerged  Marseille,  June  1908). 
13  ex  larva  (larva  Alger,  emerged  Digne,  June  1908). 

226  ex  larva  (larva  Alger,  emerged  Tring,  June— July  1912). 
186  Hammam  R'ihra,  May  1908-1916,  W.  R.,  E.  H.,  K.  J.,  and  Faroult. 
51  Hammam  Meskoutine,  May  1914,  W.  R.  and  K.  J. 

5  Phihppeville,  Kuhhnann. 

1  Souk  Ahras,  April  1914,  W.  R.  and  K.  J. 

1  Ain  Draham,  Tunisia,  July  1911,  Faroult. 

2  Mauretania,  Stau  dinger. 

3  larvae,  Alger. 

6  cocoons,  Alger. 

16  No.  1  Ichneumon  ? ,  Alger  (hatched  Digne  and  Marseille). 
46  No.  1  Ichneumon  ? ,  Alger  (hatched  at  Tring). 

3  No.  2  Ichneumon  ? ,  Alger  (hatched  Digne  and  Marseille). 
101  No.  2  Ichneumon  ? ,  Alger  (hatched  at  Tring). 
3  No.  3  Ichneumon  ? ,  Alger  (hatched  at  Tring). 

1  Tachinid  No.   1,  Alger  (hatched  at  Tring). 

8  Tachinid  No.  2,  Alger  (hatched  at  Tring). 

2  Tachinid  No  2,  Alger  (hatched  Digne  and  Marseille). 

The  Tring  series  consists  of  562  specimens.  The  British  Museum  possesses 
1 1  examples  :  2  Algeria,  Frey  coll.  ;  6  Algiers,  Leech  coU.  ;  2  Crowley  bequest  ; 
and  1  Bowring  ex  Linnean  Society  donation,  1863. 


340  NOVITATES  ZOOLOQICAI:  XXIV.    1917. 

30.  Zygaena  algira  exigua  Seitz. 

Zygaena  algira  ab.  exigim  Seitz,  Orossschm.  Erde,  vol.  ii.  p.  29.  pi.  8.  row  a.   (1909)   (High   Atlaa, 
Algeria). 

Dr.  Seitz,  although  he  states  that  the  form  he  calls  exigua  is  the  High  Atlas 
race  of  algira,  has  only  treated  it  as  an  aberration.  The  form  found  round  Batna , 
Lambessa,  and  Khenchela  is  clearly  an  algira  form,  but  it  is,  as  Dr.  Seitz  says, 
generally  smaller  than  coastal  algira,  and  a  number  of  individuals  have  a  magenta 
or  purplish  tinge  which  is  never  found  in  algira  from  the  Uttoral.  I  therefore 
think  it  is  necessary  to  keep  it  separate  as  a  local  race. 

69  Environs  de  Batna,  May  1911-1914,  A.  Nelva. 
36  Lambessa,  June  18S5-1912,  L.  Bleuse  and  Nelva. 

3  Klienchela,  May— June  1911-1912,  Faroult,  W.  R.,  and  K.  J. 
2  Mauretania,  ex  coU.  Grura-Grshimailo. 

The  Tring  series  comprises  110  examples. 

31.  Zygaena  marcouna  marcouna  Oberth. 
Zygaena  marcouna  Oberthiir,  Etud.  Entom.  liv.  xii.  p.  27  (1889)  (Marcouna). 

We  have  never  taken  the  typical  marcouna,  which  appears  to  be  confined 
to  the  Aurds  Mountains  and  is  very  rare. 

4  Mauretania,  ex  coll.  Grum-Grshimailo,  and  Staudinger. 

32.  Zygaena  marcouna  excelsa  subsp.  nov. 

This  form  differs  from  marcouna  tnarcouna  in  being  larger,  the  wings  broader, 
and  the  red  much  brighter  and  tinged  with  mauve. 

Habitat.  Djebel  Mekter,  1,600-1,900  metres  =  5,200-0,175  ft.,  near  Ain 
Sefra. 

84  Djebel  Mekter,  May  1913,  E.  H.  and  C.  H. 

33.  Zygaena  felix  Oberth. 

Zygaena  felix  Oberthiir,  Etud.  Entom.  liv.  i.  p.  30  (1876)  (BogUari,  Lambessa). 

Mr.  Charles  Oberthiir  is  of  opinion  that  this  Zygaena  is  a  distinct  species  and 
not,  as  Staudinger  and  others  have  stated,  a  subspecies  of  hilaris.  It  is  certainly 
very  different  from  typical  hilaris,  and  is  moreover  excessively  variable  individu- 
ally. Specimens  occur  with  and  without  the  abdominal  pink  ring  and  witli  and 
without  white  or  buff  rings  round  the  red  spots  on  the  forewings  ;  sometimes 
these  pale  rings  are  so  expanded  as  to  make  the  ground-colour  white  or  buff  ; 
in  some  the  red  patches  are  pale  pink,  in  others  the  whole  of  the  red  on  fore-  and 
hindwings  is  a  mauve-pink,  and  again  others  have  this  colour  intense  deep  red. 
The  typical  jelix  has  the  abdomen  entirely  black  and  the  red  of  the  forewings 
margined  narrowly  with  white  ;  similar  specimens  but  with  a  pink  abdominal  ring 
are  ab.  mauretanica  Stdgr.  ;  while  specimens  with  the  white  margins  much 
expanded  are  ab.  faustiila  Stdgr.  We  took  this  species  in  quantity  at  Khenchela 
and  one  soUtary  example  at  Hammam  R'ihra. 

1  Hammam  R'ihra,  May  1908;  W.  R.  and  K.  J. 

2  Magenta,  June  1886,  Lt.  Lahaye. 

3  Titen  Yaya,  June   1915,  Rotrou. 


NOVITATES  ZOOLOGICAE  XXIV.    1917.  341 

3  Djelfa,  May — June  1913,  Faroult. 

1  Forefc  de  Djelfa,  June  1913,  Faroult. 
255  Environs  de  Batna,  May — June  1908-1912,  Taillefer,  A.  Nelva,  and  Faroult. 
214  Khenchela,  May— June  1911-1912,  W.  R.,  K.  J.,  and  Faroult. 

4  Lambessa,  June  1885,  L.  Bleuse. 

1  Djebel  Marcouna,  June  1911,  Faroult. 

8  Djebel  Chelia,  June  1911,  Faroult. 
1   "Algerie,"  DeyroUe. 

9  Mauretania,  Grum-Grshimailo  coll.  and  Staudinger. 

The  Tring  series  comprises  502  specimens.  There  are  no  specimens  of  this 
species  in  the  British  Museum. 

34.  Zygaena  carniolica  orana  Dup. 

Zygaena  orana  Duponchel  in  Godart's  Pap.  France,  vol.  iii.  Suppl.  ii.  p.  145.  t.  12.  f.  8  (1835)  (Oran). 

We  have  only  foimd  this  insecrt  ourselves  once,  when  I  captured  a  single 
specimen  at  Tlemcen.  I  have  the  very  poor  series  of  12  examples  ;  quite  in- 
sufficient to  demonstrate  the  characters  of  the  race.  It  never  has  an  abdominal 
ring. 

Mr.  Meade- Waldo  quotes  c.  orana  from  Larvishe,  April  1902. 

1  Tlemcen,  April  1913,  W.  R.  and  E.  H. 

1  Masser  Mines,  June  1914,  Faroult. 

1  Oran  ex  Grum-Grshimailo  coll. 

2  Titen  Yaya,  April  1915,  Rotrou. 
6  Mauretania,  Staudinger. 

1  "  Algerie  "   Deyrolle. 

35.  Zygaena  carniolica  allardi  Oberth. 

Zygaena  allardi  Oberthiir,  Etud.  Entom.  liv.  iii.  p.  41.  pi.  5.  f.  5  (1878)  (Marcouna). 

We  have  taken  this  race  ourselves  at  Khenchela,  where  we  found  it  sUghtly 
less  abundant  than  Z.  jelix.  It  is  always  distinguishable  from  c.  orana  by  the 
abdominal  ring,  which  though  sometimes  very  faint  is  always  present. 

2  Mauretania,  Staudinger. 

314  Khenchela,  May— June  1911-1912,  W.  R.,  K.  J.,  and  Faroult. 
2  Lambessa,  June  1885,  L.  Bleuse. 

1  Djebel  Chelia,  June  1911,  Faroult. 

78  Environs  de  Batna,  June  1910-1912,  Nelva  and  M.  Bartel. 

2  "  Algerie,"  De5Tolle. 

The  British  Museum  has  one  specimen,  Khenchela,  April  1906,  Lord 
Walsingham.  Among  the  Tring  series  of  399  specimens  is  one  in  which  the 
basal  half  of  the  forewings  resembles  c.  orana  ab.  powelli  and  the  outer  half 
carniolica  lahayei. 

36.  Zygaena  carniolica  limitans  subsp.  nov. 

Thi.s  form  occurs  along  the  littoral  from  Philippeville  to  Tunis.  It  is  very 
small,  has  no  abdominal  ring,  the  ground-colour  of  the  forewing  is  very  dark, 
and  the  spots  distinct.     Resembles  most  c.  orana,  but  colours  darker  and  duller 

23 


342  NOVITATES   ZOOLOOIOAE   XXIV.    1917. 

and    the    forewings   shorter   and    more    rounded.     Tj-pe    Bone,    May    9,    1911. 
1  specimen  in  British  Museum,  Collo,  Constantine,  Frey  coll. 

15  Bone,  May  1911, 

32  Tunis,  April — June  1911-1915,  Kuhhnann  and  E.  Blanc  (2  DeyroUe). 

47  examples  in  all  are  at  Tring. 

37.  Zygaena  carniolica  lahayei  Oberth. 

Zygaena  orana  lahayei  Oberthiir,  ?  !  ?  ?  J 

I  have  been  quite  unable  to  make  out  where  Jlr.  Oberthiir  first  published  the 
name  lahayei.  It  would  be  of  the  utmost  use  to  entomologists  and  save  an  infinity 
of  trouble  if  when  writing  about  species  or  varieties,  whether  of  their  owti  creation 
or  those  of  others,  all  entomologists  made  it  a  rule,  as  we  now  do  at  the  Tring 
Museum,  to  quote  the  original  description  as  well  as  the  name. 

It  was  supposed  by  Mr.  Oberthiir  that  c.  lahayei  was  confined  to  the  Gery- 
ville  district,  but  Faroult  sent  it  to  me  from  the  neighbourhood  of  Djelfa. 

5  Geryville,  June  1886,  Lt.  Lahaye. 
22  Djelfa,  June  1913,  Faroult. 
14  Foret  de  Djelfa,  June  1913.  Faroult. 

1  "Mauretania,"  Staudinger. 

The  Tring  series  is  small,  only  42  specimens.  There  are  3  specimens  in  the 
British  Museum,  Geryville,  Leech  coll. 

38.  Zygaena  camiolica  maroccana  subsp.  nov. 

?.  I  should  under  ordinary  circumstances  strongly  deprecate  describing 
subspecies  from  a  single  specimen,  especially  as  Zygaenas  are  so  variable  ;  but 
in  this  instance  the  differences  are  too  palpable  for  error. 

The  specimen  came  in  a  small  collection  from  Mogador,  the  whole  of  which 
was  sold  to  me  by  Messrs.  Staudinger  and  Bang-Haas. 

This  specimen  differs  at  first  from  all  Mauretanian  forms  of  carniolica  by 
its  large  size.  It  equals  in  size  the  S?  of  the  fine  Syrian  race  described  and 
figured  by  Mr.  Oberthiir  as  carniolica  praestans  (Etud.  Lipid.  Covip.  Fasc.  IV. 
p.  637  (1910)  (Akbes)  ;   Etud.  Entom.  liv.  xx.  pi.  7.  ff.  115,  116  (1896)). 

It  differs  from  c.  praestans  in  having  less  white  round  the  first  five  red  spots  of 
the  forewing,  but  the  most  striking  difference  is  the  very  enlarged  almost  quadrate 
sixth  spot,  which  is  entirely  without  any  white  ring. 

Habitat.  Mogador. 

1  ?  Mogador,  Staudinger. 

39.  Zygaena  theryi  Joann. 

Zygaena  theryi  de  Joannis,  Bull.  Soc.  ErUom.  France.  1908.  p.  203  (Environs  de  Philippeville). 

My  description  of  this  fine  Zygaena  appeared  just  a  few  weeks  later  than  that 
of  the  Abbe  de  Joannis,  so  that  my  name  of  nisseni  has  to  give  way  to  that  of 
theryi.  I  described  it  as  a  subspecies  of  lavandulae,  but  Mr.  Oberthiir  considers 
it  to  be  a  distinct  species,  forming  the  transition  from  Zygaena  to  Arichalca 
Wallengren. 

It  will  require  a  careful  morphological  c9mparison  to  prove  the  truth  or 


EXPLANATION    OF    PLATE    X. 

First  row  and  first  two  figures  of  second  row  :   Zygaena  lavandnlae,  Esp. 
Third  and  fourth  figures  of  second  row  and  third  row  :   Zygaena  lavandnla  ab. 

consobrina  Ger. 
Fourth  row  :    Zygaena  theryi  Joan.     Larvae  of  Zygaena  theryi  on  a  species  of 

Coronilla,  on  Djebel  Zaccar  in  North  Algeria,  June  1917. 


NOVITATHS  ZoOLOGICAE,   VOL.  XXIV.    I9I7. 


PL.  X. 


jjr    -«jA^^ — -Si"      Vf  fii"  "(^^'^         am     * 


Zygsena  theryi  with  larva,  and  Z.  lavandulse 


NoviTATES  ZooLoaiCAi:  XXIV.   1917.  343 

otherwise  of  this  transitional  position  sugge.sted  by  Mr.  Oberthiir,  but  I  have 
now  come  to  the  conclusion  that  Mr.  Oberthiir  is  right  in  his  opinion  as  to  the 
specific  distinction  of  theryi  and  lavaiidulae.  The  rounded  wings  and  different 
relative  proportions  of  the  red  spots  are  characters  which  strike  one  at  first  sight 
as  well  as  the  longer  antennae. 

I  have  not  been  able  to  find  any  record  of  the  capture  of  Z.  theryi  except  the 
type  captured  by  Mr.  A.  Thery  as  above,  1  single  specimen  captured  by  Mr. 
Dayrem  at  Hammam  R'ihra,  and  the  400  or  500  specimens  captured  by  ourselves, 
Faroult,  and  Dr.  Nissen  also  at  Hammam  R'ihra.  I  have  given  or  exchanged 
6  with  Mr.  Dziurzynski,  6  with  Mr.  Burgeff,  2  with  the  British  Museum,  4  with 
Mr.  Joicey,  and  2  with  Mr.  Oberthiir.  Dr.  Nissen  may  have  sent  some  to  Count 
Turati,  but  beyond  this  none  have  been  distributed. 

300  Hammam  R'ihra,  May  1908-1916,  W.  R.,  E.  H.,  K.  J.,  and  Faroult. 

We  captured  the  bulk  of  the  430  specimens  taken  by  us,  when  sitting  on  the 
open  flowers  of  Cistus,  and  on  a  species  of  Lavendula,  round  about  and  in  the 
pine  wood  near  "  La  petite  Suisse,"  and  mostly  on  the  pink  flowers  of  Cistvs 
albidus.  The  British  Museum  has  2  from  this  series.  To  show  that  I  did  not 
change  my  opinion  as  to  the  specific  distinctness  of  Z.  theryi  without  good 
reason,  the  material  of  lavandiilae  I  compared  with  the  300  picked  specimens 
of  theryi  consists  of  110  specimens  from  the  Riviera  and  the  neighbourhood  of 
Marseille. 


[FBOCBIS. 

Dr.  Jordan  has  divided  Procrw  into  three  sections  :  I.  antennae  pointed,  the 
last  joint  only  without  a  free  tooth  ;  II.  antennae  blunt  or  less  pointed,  at  least 
three  joints  besides  the  end  one  without  free  teeth  ;  III.  antennae  ending  in 
a  knob. 

There  appear  to  be  at  least  four  if  not  five  species  in  Mauretania  of  which 
the  largest  and  smallest  belong  to  the  first  group,  and  their  nomenclature  is  com- 
paratively easy.     But  one  at  least  of  the  others  is  very  perplexing.] 

40.  Procris  globulariae  notata  (Zell.). 

Atychia  notata  Zeller,  Isis,  vol.  xl.  col.  294.  No.  64  (2)  (1847)  (Syracuse,  Sicily). 

Mr.  Charles  Oberthiir  has  mixed  up  cognata  and  notata  ;  the  former  is,  so  far  as 
we  know  at  present,  not  found  in  North  Africa,  and  has  quite  distinct  genitaUa. 
However,  there  are  several  more  Procris  as  yet  unrecorded  from  Mauretania,  and 
I  believe  some  further  discoveries  are  still  to  be  made. 

Mr.  Oberthiir  has  confused  cognata  and  notata  because  he,  as  he  has  stated, 
has  ignored  descriptions  without  figures.  As  Mr.  Oberthiir  rightlj' sajs,  Boisdu- 
val's  name  ccgnata  of  1840  is  a  nomen  nudum,  but  Mr.  Oberthiir  docs  not  even 
allude  to  ZeUer's  notata  of  1847  and  Herrich-Schaeffer's  cognata  of  1856.  Zeller's 
notata  has  priority  over  Rambur's  soror  of  1858,  while  the  latter's  cognaia  cannot 
stand  as  Herrich-Schaeffer  gave  that  name  two  years  previously  to  a  different 
species.  We  have  taken  this  insect  in  numbers  at  light  at  Khenchela,  but  I  have 
otherw ise  a  very  poor  Mauretanian  series ;  moreover,  so  far  as  I  can  make  out, 
there  is  only  1  Mauretanian  5  in  the  Tring  Museum.    . 


344  NOVITATES    ZOOLOOIOAE   XXIV.    1917. 

2  Moroccan  Frontier,  May  1914,  Faroult. 
1  Lalla  Marnia,  April  1914,  Faroult. 

1  Guelt-es-Stel,  May  1913,  Faroult. 

90  Khenchela,  May  1912,  W.  R.  and  K.  J. 
5  Lambessa  (4  <J<J,  1  ?),  M.  Bartels. 

2  Hammam  Meskoutine,  April — May  1914,  W.  R.  and  K.  J. 

The  LaUa  Marnia  specimen  is  small  and  very  blue. 

Mr.  Oberfchiir  considers  that  there  are  two  races  of  cognate  in  Algeria  :  a  larger, 
duller,  more  transparent  form  from  Sebdou,  Lambessa,  and  Ain  Draham,  and  a 
smaller,  brighter,  and  more  densely  scaled  form  from  Aflou. 

My  series,  apart  from  Khenchela  examples,  is  too  small  to  enable  me  to  judge 
on  this  question,  but  I  can  clearly  perceive,  from  the  Khenchela  series,  that  Mr. 
Oberthiir  is  quite  right  when  he  says  that  the  length  of  the  pectinations  of  the 
antennae  is  not  a  constant  and  therefore  not  a  vaUd  character.  The  Guelt-es- 
Stel  (J  is  a  dwarf  (length  of  forewing,  14  mm.  ;  expanse,  31  mm. ;  ordinary  (J<J, 
length  of  forewing,  19  mm.  ;  expanse,  42  mm.). 

The  Tring  series  comprises  101  Mauretanian  specimens. 

41.  Procris  cirtana  cirtana  Lucas. 

Procris  cirtana  Lucas,  Explor.  iScient.  d'Alg.,  Anim.  Arctic,  vol.  iii.  p.  373.  No.  76.  pi.  3.  f.  2  (1849) 
(Constantine,  Koudiah-Ati). 

We  ourselves  have  taken  this  tiny  species  at  Hammam  R'ihra,  Khenchela, 
Hammam  Meskoutine,  and  Tlemcen.  The  blue  form  is  ab.  bakeri  Kirby  =  orana 
B.  Baker  nee  Aust.  Mr.  Oberthiir  informs  us  that  he  possesses  the  type-specimen 
of  Procris  orana  Aust.,  and  that  he  has  convinced  himself  that  it  is  identical  with 
cirtaiia.  If  this  is  really  the  case,  the  foUo-ning  species  must  receive  a  new  name, 
for  it  is  certainly  not  cirtana  Lucas.  Until,  however,  we  can  compare  itniorpho- 
logicall}'  \\ith  the  ?  type  of  Austaut,  I  prefer  to  retain  the  name  of  Austaut  for 
the  smaller  form  of  what  Oberthiir  calls  tenuicornis.  The  Tring  series  comprises 
77  specimens. 

1 1  Mauretania,  Grum-Grshimailo  coll.  and  Staudinger. 
5  Tlemcen,  May  1913,  W.  R.  and  E.  H. 
4  Environs  d'Alger,  Captain  HoU. 

3  Bhda  les  Glacieres,  June  1909,  Captain  HoU. 

27  Hammam  R'ihra,  May  1908-1911,  W  R,,  E.  H.,  and  K.  J. 
25  Khenchela,  May  1912,  W.  R.  and  K.  J. 

1  Hammam  Meskoutine,  May  1914,  W.  R.  and  K.  J. 

1  Ain  Draham,  June  1909,  Faroult. 

42.  Procris  orana  orana  (Aust.). 

Ino  orana  Austaut,  Le  Natural,  vol.  ii.  p.  284  (1880)  (Oran). 

The  type  of  orana  Aust.  was  collected  at  Oran  in  April  by  Dr.  Codet,  and  is 
in  Mr.  Charles  Oberthur's  collection.  The  latter,  as  stated  before,  declares  it  to 
be  identical  with  cirtana,  in  which  case  the  present  insect  requires  a  new  name  ; 
the  figure  given  by  Mr.  Obertliiir  is,  however,  very  different  from  cirtana  Luc, 
and  wthout  a  close  morphological  comparison  with  a  ?  of  the  present  species  I 


N0VITATE3  200L0ai0A3E  XXIV.   1917.  346 

prefer  to  give  it  the  benefit  of  the  doubt  and  apply  the  name  to  the  western  form 
of  the  insect  Mr.  Oberthiir  calls  tenuicornia. 

4  Mauretania,  Grum-Grshimailo  coll.  and  Staudinger. 

5  Djelfa,  May  1913,  Faroult. 

43.  Procris  orana  algirica  subsp.  nov. 

Procris  orana  var.  algirica,  Staudinger  in  litt. 

Differs  from  orana  orana  in  being  larger  and  deeper  and  richer  in  colour. 

Habitat.  Province  of  Constantine. 

Two  Batna  <J<J  stand  out  conspicuously  from  the  rest  by  the  strong,  glittering 
metallic  sheen  of  their  forewings  resembUng  that  of  the  thorax  of  Procris  cMoris. 
On  dissection  these  will  probably  prove  to  be  a  new  species,  but  at  present  I  can 
only  place  them  here.     The  Tring  series  numbers  152. 

9  Khenchela,  May-June  1911-1912,  W.  R.,  K.  J.,  and  Faroult. 
22  Djebel  Cheha,  June  1911,  Faroult. 
33  Djebel  Marcouna,  June  1911,  Faroult. 
86  Environs  de  Batna,  1913-1914,  A.  Nelva. 

2  Mauretania,  Staudinger. 

There  are  specimens  showing  blue  as  well  as  green  and  golden  green  suffusion. 


44.  Procris  bellieri  prasina  subsp.  nov. 

Differs  from  bellieri  by  the  total  absence  of  blue,  this  colour  being  replaced  by 
brilliant  brassy  green,  and  by  its  large  size.  Length  of  forewing,  16mm.  Expanse, 
35'5  mm. 

Habitat.  Ain  Draham,  Tunisia. 

The  antennae  are  very  long  and  thick,  and  very  blunt  owing  to  the  great 
extent  of  fusion  of  the  anterior  joints, 

2  Ain  Draham,  June  1909,  Faroult. 

In  addition  to  these  I  have  1  (J  and  2  ??  from  Khenchela  and  1  ?  from  Ain 
Draham  of  a  Procris  I  am  at  present  unable  to  identify. 


AUATIDAZ:. 

45.  Dysauxes  punctata  servula  (Berce). 

Noclia  aervula  Berce,  Ann.  Soc.  Entom.  France,  ser.  4.  vol.  ii.  p.  386  (1862)  (Hyfires). 

This  race  of  punctata  is  so  distinct  that  Mr.  Oberthiir  considers  it  specifically 
so,  and  possibly  it  may  be ;  but  as  true  punctata  has  not  been  taken  with  it,  I 
prefer  for  the  present  to  consider  it  only  subspecifically  distinct.  It  appears  to 
be  very  rare,  and  we  only  came  across  it  once  at  Hammam  Meskoutine. 

1  Djelfa,  May  1913,  Faroult. 

1  Hammam  Meskoutine,  May  1914,  W.  R.  and  K.  J. 


346  NOVITATES    ZOOLOQICAE   XXIV.    191 7. 

HETEBOGYinDAE. 

46.  Heterogynis  affinis  Rambur. 

Heterogynia  affinis  Rambur,  Ann.  Soc.  Entom.  France,  vol.  v.  p.  586  (1836)  (S.  Spain). 
Heterogynis  canaUnsis  Chapman,  Trans.  ErOom.  Soc.  Land.  1904.  p.  71  (Canales  de  la  Sierra). 

It  is  most  difficult  from  imagines  to  identify  any  of  the  three  species  of 
Heterogynis,  but  I  have  bred  series  of  true  penella  from  the  Riviera,  Digne,  etc., 
and  I  found  a  large  number  of  larvae  and  pupae  (cocoons)  at  Hanimam  R'ihra,  and 
therefore  as  tlie  latter  agree  with  Dr.  Chapman's  cocoons  of  canalensis  I  have  come 
to  the  conclusion  that  the  Algerian  Heterogynis  is  affinis  and  not  penella,  as  Mr. 
OberthilrbeUeves.  I  did  not  succeed  in  breeding  many  Hammam  R'ihra  imagines, 
as  most  of  the  cocoons  were  destroyed  bj^  an  accident.  The  Tring  series  number 
103. 

98  (J<J  Oued  Hamidou,  June  1912,  Faroult. 
5  (J<J  Hammam  R'ilira,  May  1908-191 1,  W.  R.,  K.  J.,  and  E.  H. 

2  o(J  cocoons. 

LZmACODIDAE. 

47.  Cochlidion  codeti  (Oberth.). 

Limacodes  codeti  Oberthiir,  Bull.  Soc.  Entom.  France,  1883.  p.  48  (Sebdou). 

We  have  never  found  this  ourselves,  and  I  have  received  it  from  Guelt-es- 
Stel,  Masser  Mines,  and  Oued  Hamidou. 

1  Masser  Mines,  June  1914,  Faroult. 

23  Guelt-es-Stel,  May— October  1913,  Faroult. 

2  Oued  Hamidou,  June  1912,  Faroult. 

[Cerura  interrapta  and  bifida. 

Mr.  Oberthiir  records  both  interrupla  and  bifida  from  Algeria.  This  I 
believe  to  be  an  error  ;  for.  owing  to  various  species  extending  over  countries 
from  Algeria  to  Wladivostock  having  the  antemedian  broad  band  occasionally 
interrupted,  it  has  been  the  custom  on  the  continent  to  lump  a  number  of  species 
together  as  interrupta. 

The  history  of  interrupta  is  as  follows :  H.  Christoph  in  the  Stettiner 
Entomologische  Zeitung  for  1867,  p.  233,  describes  a  new  Cerura  from  Sarepta  as 
Harpya  interrupta  sp.  n.  and  gives  the  following  diagnosis :  "  Alis  anticis  cre- 
taceis  basi  margineque  postica  nigropunctatis,  fascia  ( <?)  in  medio  late  inter- 
rupta, (?)  utrinque  sinuata  nigra — posticis  albidis.  Exp.  al  47  mm.  Long. 
Corp.  20  mm." 

C'hristoph  in  the  detailed  description  lays  great  stress  on  the  chalk-white 
ground-colour,  large  size,  robust  build,  and  much  broader  wings  as  compared 
with  Centra  bifida.  He  also  points  out  that  his  ij  only  has  the  band  broken  into 
two  spots,  while  the  ?  has  a  complete  band  though  constricted  in  the  centre. 
After  this,  in  lH82in  the  Horae  Societafis  Entontologime  Rossime,  S.  Alph^raty 
described  a  Harpya  petri,  p.  37.  t.  1.  fig.  36,  which  is  much  greyer  and  has  a 
complete  band.  Dr.  K.  Griinberg  in  8eitz,  Grossschmetterlinge  der  Erde,  cites 
this  as  a  dimorphic  form  of  interrupta,  and  declares  that  the  latter  occurs  in 
Sarepta,  Caucasus,  the  whole  of  Asia  Minor,  Persia,  Kurdistan,  Syria,  and  Tunis. 


KOVITATEB   ZoOLOOiOiE   XXIV.    1917.  347 

I,  of  course,  cannot  tell  what  material  Dr.  Griinberg  had  before  him  at  the  time 
he  wrote,  but  I  have  at  present  in  the  Tring  series  48  specimens  said  to  be 
wfm-upto  from  the  following  localities:  lU  district  ;  Repetek,  Turcomania  ; 
Maralbashi  ;  Aksu  ;  Yuldus  ;  Urumtschi  ;  Sarepta  ;  Askabad  (Aschabad)  ; 
Naryn,  Gultsha,  Osch,  Irsyn,  Sajan  ;  Laycd  ;  Pompejefka,  Little  Chingan 
Mountains  ;  Chabarovsk,  Ussuri  Railway  ;  Beirut,  Syria  ;  also  Batna,  Khen- 
chela,  and  Bou  Saada  in  Algeria.  These  fall  at  first  sight  into  six  distinct 
groups:  true  interrupki  from  Sarepta,  Askabad,  and  Naryn;  petri  from  Aksu, 
Yuldus,  Maralbashi,  and  Repetek  ;  a  new  form  from  Irsyn,  Layed,  Pompejefka, 
and  Chabarovsk  ;  syra  Gr.-Grsh.  from  Beirut  ;  a  new  form  from  Ih ;  and  last, 
but  not  least,  the  Algerian  fonn,  of  which  there  are  eighteen  examples.  C.  syra 
Gr.-Grsh.  is  described  Annuaire  Mus.  Petersb.  vol.  iv.  p.  471.  No.  18  (1899) 
(Syria),  and  two  other  species  or  forms  have  been  described  of  this  group,  viz. 
htdoviciae  Piingl.,  Iris,  vol.  xiv.  p.  180.  No.  58.  pi.  ii.  f.  15  (1901)  (Chinese 
Turkestan)  ;  and  intercalaris  Gr.-Grsh,.  Ammaire  31  us.  Petersb.  vol.  iv.  p.  470. 
No.  17  (1899)  (Thien-Tsing,  China).  C.  syra  is  characterised  by  its  pale  pink 
forewings  and  strongly  reduced  dark  markings  of  the  forewings,  while  Ivdoviciae 
has  yellowish  white  forewings,  and  the  dark  marks  have  no  trace  of  orange 
margins,  which  are  distinctly  present  in  syra.  C.  intercalaris  resembles  petri,  but 
has  not  got  the  very  strongly  pectinated  antennae  of  that  form  and  has  strongly 
marked  orange  edges  to  the  band. 

All  these  forms,  syra,  petri,  htdoviciae,  the  two  new  forms,  and  intercalaris, 
do  not  affect  the  question  of  the  Mauretanian  form,  except  the  latter  in  respect 
to  the  yellow  and  orange  edges  of  the  band. 

The  Mauretanian  Cerura  as  represented  by  my  18  specimens  vary  very 
much  :  there  are  some  with  broken  bands,  some  with  even  unbroken  bands, 
and  others  with  bands  more  or  less  constricted  in  the  middle  ;  further,  there 
are  specimens  with  and  without  the  orange-yellow  margins  to  the  bands  both 
as  regards  specimens  with  broken  or  unbroken  bands,  and  there  are  some  with 
only  a  vestige  of  yellow  ;  however,  in  my  series  there  are  none  with  as  much 
yellow  or  orange  as  in  certain  European  individuals  of  bifida.  I  have  therefore 
come  to  the  conclusion,  first  of  all,  that  there  are  no  interrupta  Christ,  in  Maure- 
tania  at  all  ;  and  secondly,  that  there  is  only  one  species  of  Cerura  so  far  known 
from  there.     It  remains  to  be  seen  what  that  species  is. 

So  far,  I  think,  there  can  only  come  into  question  two  species,  bifida  Huebn. 
and  intermlaris  Gr.-Grsh.  The  description  given  by  the  author,  Mr.  Griim- 
Grshimailo,  of  the  latter  is  as  follows  :  "  Antennae  nigrae  ;  thorax  inter  scapulos 
griseo-pilosus ;  caput,  prothorax,  et  alae  anticae  supra  dilute  ochraceo-grisei ; 
abdomen  et  alae  posticae  pallidiores,  subalbidae  ;  fascia  transversa  anticarum 
grisea  angusta,  intus  sinuata  extus  ferre  porrecta,  tenuiter  dilute-ochraceo 
marginata,  pictura  cetera  valde  obhterata,  vix  indicata,  puncta  centrale  et 
discoidale  nulla.     ? — 16  mm." 

From  this  description  it  will  be  seen  that  intercalaris  is  very  different  from 
the  Algerian  Cerura,  for  intercalaris  is  described  as  having  all  the  other  markings 
except  the  band  almost  absent,  i.e.  barely  indicated,  while  the  Algerian  speci- 
mens have  aU  these  markings  plainly  shown,  though  they  do  not  stand  out  so 
boldly  as  in  typical  bifida,  owing  to  the  greyer  ground-colour. 

Mr.  Oberthiir  states  that  the  3  5$  he  considered  to  be  bifida  out  of  his 
aeries  of  7  Algerian  Cerura  belong  to  the  form  named  by  Boisduval  in  his  Genera 


548  iloVlTATES   ZOOLOGICAE   XXlV.    191?. 

et  Index  Methodicus,  1840,  p.  84.  No.  655,  Dicramira  furcula  var.  uroceru,  and 
the  locality  given  being  Montpellier.  As  Mr.  Oberthiir  has  l)e  Boisduval.s  col- 
lection, I  suppose  he  had  the  type  of  urocera  before  him,  but  I  cannot  sec  from 
the  series  before  me  of  bifida  from  north  of  the  Mediterranean — viz.  63  from 
Bexley,  Kent ;  Crimmitschau  ;  Strausberg,  BerUn  ;  Germany  (Grum-Grshi- 
mailo  coll.)  ;  Liebenau,  Bohemia  ;  Poschiavo,  Itahan  Alps ;  Tarasp,  Enga- 
dine  ;  Silva  Plana,  Engadine  ;  Herculesbad,  Hungary  ;  C'auterets,  Pyrenees ; 
G^dre,  Pyrenees — any  specimens  like  my  Algerian  series.  The  specimens  of 
urocera  I  have  from  Tarasp  are  nearest  to  the  Algerian  ones  in  shade  of  "ground- 
colour," but  the  bands  in  these  Engadine  specimens  are  much  broader,  and, 
moreover,  not  a  single  European  specimen  shows  any  sign  even  of  constriction 
in  the  band.  I  therefore  have  come  to  the  conclusion  that  the  Algerian  Cerura 
is  a  form  of  bifida  with  a  .strong  tendency  to  the  interruption  of  the  band,  and 
that  it  is  as  yet  an  unnamed  form.] 

48.  Cerura  bifida  interspersa  subsp.  nov. 

Differs  from  bifida  nrocera  Bold,  in  tlie  band  being  narrower  when  fully 
developed  in  the  ??,  usually  being  strongly  constricted  in  the  middle.  The 
(J  (J  usually  have  the  band  either  interrupted  at  median  vein  or  else  reduced  to 
a  narrow  line,  but  one  <J  from  Khenchela  and  one  from  Bon  Saada  have  the 
band  entire,  though  shghtly  concave,  both  basad  and  distad. 

Habitat.  Algeria,  Tunisia  ? 

11  Batna,  May — June  1910-1912,  A.  Nelva  and  M.  Bartel. 
3  Khenchela,  May— July  1911-1912,  W.  R.  and  K.  J.  and  Faroult. 
5  Bou  Saada,  March — May  1912,  Faroult. 
The  Tring  series  totals  19, 

49.  Dicranura  vinula  delavoiei  Gascb. 

Dicranura  vinttla  var.  delavoiei  Gaschet,  Ann.  Soc.  Entom.    France,  »er.  5.  vol.  vi.  p.  522  (1876) 
(El-Eamau,  Algeria). 

Mr.  Oberthiir  considers  this  to  be  a  distinct  species  from  vinula,  but  as  it 
replaces  it  geographically  and  exhibits  no  very  striking  diflerences  I  prefer  to 
treat  it  at  present  as  a  subspecies  only. 

We  ourselves  have  only  taken  it  at  Khenchela,  Timgad,  and  Oran,  in  single 
examples  at  each  latter  place  and  a  pair  at  Khenchela. 

5  Le  Kreider,  Prov.  Oran,  April  1916,  Rotrou. 
2  Magenta,  Prov.  Oran,  April  1916,  Rotrou. 

1  Oran,  April  1913,  W.  R.  and  K.  J. 

6  Environs  d' Alger,  April  1905-1910,  Dr.  Nissen  and  Captain  Holl. 

1  Boghari,  May  1913,  Faroult. 

6  Guelt-es-Stel,  May  1913,  Faroult. 
12  Environs  de  Batna,  1909-1912,  A.  Nelva. 

2  Khenchela,  May  1912,  W.  R.  and  K.  J. 
1  Timgad,  May  1909,  W.  R.  and  E.  H. 

4  larvae,  Khenchela  and  Hammam  R'ihra,  Faroult. 

4  cocoons,  7  pupae,  and  a  batch  of  eggs,  Khenchela,  Faroult. 

The  series  at  Tring  numbers  36. 


KOVITATES    ZOOLOQICAE  XXIV.    1917.  349 

50.  Hybocampa  powelli  Oberth. 

Hylocampa  powelli  Oberthur,  Bull.  Soc.  Entom.  France,  1912.  p.  339  (Lambesaa). 

Thi.s  .species  is  not  represented  at  Tring.  Besides  the  two  specimens  in 
Mr.  Obertliiir's  collection,  I  have  seen  one  in  the  late  Captain  HoU's  collection, 
and  I  saw  one  in  1914  in  the  possession  of  Mr.  A.  Nelva  at  Batna,  but  could  not 
persuade  him  to  part  with  it  as  he  thought  it  was  a  new  species. 

51.  Pterostoma  palpina  (Linn.). 

Phalaena  palpina  Linnaeus,  Fauna  Suec.  edit.  Alt.  (1701). 

1  have  never  seen  a  Mauretanian  example  of  this  insect. 

52.  Phalera  bucephala  bucephalina  Stdgr. 

Phalera  bucephala  var.  bucephalina  Staudinger,  Cat.  Lipid.  Palaear.  Fauneng.  part  i.  p.  111.  Hu. 
858  b.  (1901)  (Tangier). 

We  have  never  taken  this  insect  ourselves. 

2  Tangier,  Staudinger. 

1  Ain  Draham,  Faroult  (autumn  1911). 

53.  Ichthyura  pigra  powelli  (Oberth.). 
Pygaera  powelli  Oberthiir. 

We  never  found  this  insect  ourselves. 

2  Batna,  September  1912,  A.  Nelva. 

54.  Thaumetopoea  pityocampa  (Schiff.). 

Phalaena  pityocampa  SchiffermuUer,  Syst.    Verz.  Schmett.   Wien,  p.  58  (1776)  (Vienna). 

We  have  seen  many  nests  and  larvae  of  this  species,  but  never  took  any 
imagines,  as  we  have  not  been  in  Algeria  so  late  in  the  year. 

16  Guelt-es-Stel,  August— September  1912-1913,  Faroult. 

1  Sidi  Ferruch,  A.  Thery. 
21  Sakamudi,  August  1912,  Faroult. 

4  Batna,  1911-1912,  A.  Nelva. 

The  4  Batna  examples  are  only  about  two-thirds  the  size  of  the  others. 
Tring  possesses  altogether  42  Algerian  examples. 

55.  Thaumetopoea  herculeana  (Ramb.). 

Cnethocampa  herculeana  Rambur,  Faune  Andal.  pi.  14.  ff.  5,  G  (1839)  (Cadiz) ;  Cat.  Syst.  Lipid. 
Andal.  pp.  384,  385  (1866). 

The  same  remarks  apply  to  this  species.  In  1914  (Novit.  Zool.  vol.  xxi. 
p.  313)  I  called  the  Algerian  form  of  herculeana  subspecies  colossa  Bang-Haas,  but 
on  carefully  going  into  the  question  I  find  that  equally  large  specimens  occur 
all  over  the  range  of  this  species,  so  if  retained  at  all  Bang-Haas's  name  can  only 
stand  as  ab.  colossa. 

228  Guelt-es-Stel,  September— October  1912-1913,  Faroult. 
2  Mazagan,  Morocco,  October  1902,  W.  Riggenbach. 
2  Rabat,  Morocco,  1913,  A.  Thery. 


350  JJOV1TATE8   ZOOLOQICAE   XXIV.    1917. 

LIFABIDAE. 

This  famil}'  lias  been  renamed  Iiymantriidae,  because  it  has  been  stated 
that  Ochsenheimer's  genus  Liparis  could  not  stand  because  it  was  preoccupied 
by  Liparis  Artedi,  a  genus  of  fishes.  This  extraordinary  assertion  is  due  to  the 
fact  that,  before  the  issue  of  the  Rules  of  Nomenclature  by  the  International 
Commission,  while  zoologists  in  general  adopted  1758,  the  date  of  the  tenth 
edition  of  Linnaeus's  Systema  Naturae,  as  the  nomenclatorial  starting-point,  the 
ichthyologists,  while  also  adopting  1758,  admitted  names  given  by  certain  pre- 
Linnaean  authors  as  valid.  Now,  however,  the  International  Commission  has 
fixed  the  date  1758  as  the  vahd  starting-point  for  all  and  every  branch  of 
zoology. 

The  genus  of  fishes  Liparis  was  bestowed  by  Artedi  in  1738,  while  Liparis 
Ocbsenheimer  dates  from  1810,  therefore  Liparis  Ochs.  is  not  ante-dated  by 
Liparis  Art.,  as  the  latter  is  before  1758  and  so  is  nomenclatorially  non-existent. 
The  t3'pe  of  Liparis  Ochs.  as  restricted  by  Gennar  1811  is  rnonacha  Linn.,  while 
the  type  of  Lynmntria  Hiibn.  is  also  rnonacha  Linn.,  while  dispar  Linn,  is  the 
type  of  Portheiria.  As  Liparis  is  the  older  genus  and  moreover  the  whole  group 
v.as  included  in  it  by  its  author,  the  family  must  stand  as  Liparidae  and  not 
Iiymantriidae.  The  type  of  Orgyia  Ochs.  as  restricted  by  Germar  is  one  of  the 
species  usually  included  under  Dasychira  Steph.  1829.  Ocbsenheimer  himself 
points  out  that  his  last  2  species  antiqua  and  gonostigma  are  atypical,  and 
Germar  founded  the  new  genus  Notolophus  for  them,  which  leaves  Orgyia  as 
the  older  name  of  Dasychira. 


Notolophus  dubia,  N.  splendida,  and  N.  josephina. 

Dr.  E.  Straud  in  Seitz,  Grossschmetterlinge  der  Erde,  has  united  these  three 
forms  together  with  six  other  forms  and  two  aberrations  under  the  specific 
entity  dubia  Tausch.,  and  makes  it  range  from  Spain  through  Morocco,  Algeria, 
Egypt,  Palestine,  Syria,  Armenia,  Russia,  Siberia,  Transcaspia,  Turkestan,  and 
Thian  Shan,  to  Transbaicaha.  In  the  Etudes  de  Lepidopterologie  Coriiparie,  Messrs. 
Oberthiir  and  Harold  Powell  discuss  these  forms  in  .so  far  as  they  affect  the 
Mauretanian  fauna  at  great  length.  They  start  by  separating  josephina  at  once 
as  a  quite  distinct  species,  and  then  proceed  to  discuss  the  bearings  of  rfi;6i«  and 
splendida.  They  arrive  at  the.  to  me,  extraordinary  conclusion  that  all  Spanish 
examples  are  referable  to  splemlida,  while  the  Algerian  examples,  other  than 
josephina,  are  all  referable  to  dubia. 

Now,  dubia  Tausch.  was  described  in  the  Memoires  de  la  Societe  Imperiale  de 
Moscow,  vol.  i.  1806,  and  came  from  Moscow. 

Notolophus  splendida  was  figured  by  Rambur  in  his  Faujie  Entomologique  de 
r Andalottsie,  1842,  Lepidopteres,  plate  1,  5.  ff.  3-6  and  d,  giving  figures  of  2  <?(? 
and  <J  underside,  I  $,  and  a  larva.  In  my  copy  of  the  work,  which  was  never 
finished,  the  text  of  the  Lepidopteres  is  numbered  213  to  336  and  ends  up  with 
Sesia  rhingiaeformis,  so  that  there  is  no  description.  In  his  Catalogue  Systematique 
des  Lepidopteres  de  VAndalousie  Rambur  refigures  Notoloj)hus  splerulida,  plate  ii. 
£E.  4,  a,  b,  c,  and  describes  it  at  length  pp.  284-289,  where  he  gives  a  comparative 
table  of  differences  between  it  and  dubia,  laying  special  stress  on  the  morpho- 
logical differences. 


NoVlTA*ES  ZOOLOOICAE  XXIV.   1917.  351 

I  have,  taking  the  forms  together,  1 35  (J  ij  and  6  $  $,  from  the  following  localities : 
Andalusia  ;  Oran  ;  Alger ;  Bhda  les  Glacieres  ;  Guelt-es-Stel ;  El  Mesrane  ;  Batna  ; 
JIauretania  !  !  ;  Pontus  ;  Sarepta  ;  Larnaca,  Cyprus  ;  and  Hi  District,  Turkestan. 
On  comparing  these,  one  thing  is  at  once  clear  :  you  must  either  lump  them  all  as 
races  of  one  very  variable  species  or  else  divide  them  into  three  species — two  each 
with  several  races  and  one  {josephina)  confined  to  the  Mauretanian  httoral  and  tell. 
I  consider,  from  the  material  at  my  disposal,  that  the  question  is  not  yet  by  any 
means  solved,  though  I  consider  all  the  facts  point  to  there  being  three  species  ;  but 
I  do  not  at  all  agree  with  Messrs.  Oberthiir  and  Powell  when  they  say  that 
splemlida  is  a  Spanish  species,  while  Algerian  (i.e.  Mauretanian)  specimens  all 
belong  to  duhia.  If  this  were  the  case,  it  would,  on  the  contrary,  go  strongly  to 
prove  them  all  to  be  races  of  a  single  species.  I  have,  however,  true  splendida 
from  Algeria,  Spain,  and  South  Russia,  and  I  have  dubia  from  Algeria  and 
South  Russia,  so  I  feel  certain  in  my  own  mind  that  splendida  and  dubia  are  two 
distinct  species.  The  case  of  josephina  is  somewhat  different :  first  of  all,  the 
name  algirica  Lucas  will  have  to  stand  for  it  instead  of  josephina,  as  the  latter 
was  given  thirty-one  years  later  ;  then,  if  this  insect  were  confined  entirely  to  the 
httoral,  I  should  say  it  was  only  a  very  distinct  race  of  dubia,  but  it  is  found  at 
Hammam  R'ihra  also,  while  we  find  splemlida  also  quite  close  at  Bhda,  therefore 
I  think  it  as  well  to  keep  it  as  a  species,  although  a  true  duhia  form  has  not  j'et 
come  to  fight  from  Blida  and  neighbourhood. 

Notes  on  Rambur's  "  Faune  Entomologique  de  I'Andalousie." 

I  need  not  apologise  to  my  readers  for  including  a  bibUographical  notice  here, 
because  this  work  is  httle  known,  and  yet  of  immense  importance  in  working  out 
Mauretanian  lepidoptera.  Mr.  Oberthiir  says  that  he  beUevcs  that  copies  of  this 
work  containing  all  the  text  and  all  the  plates  that  were  pubhshed  (for  the  work 
was  never  completed)  are  at  the  present  time  unobtainable.  He  acknowledges 
that  his  own  is  incomplete,  though  it  was  Rambur's  presentation  copy  to  Mr.  A. 
de  Grashn.     He  gives  the  following  collation  of  his  copy : 

Text.  Plates. 

Coleoplera,  144  pages.  Coleoplera,  4  (Nos.  1,  2,  19,  20). 

Orthoptera,  96  pages.  Orthoplera,  6  (Nos.  1,  2,  3,  4,  6,  7). 

Lepidoptera,  pages  213-272  inclusive.  Neuroptera.  1  (No.  9). 

Lepidoptera,  7  (Nos.  8,  10,  11,  12,  14,  15,  18). 

Hagen  in  his  Bibliotheca  Entomologica,  vol.  ii.  p.  59  (1863)  gives  the  year  of 
publication  as  1842,  and  the  number  of  parts  issued  as  4,  and  the  collation  as 
follows  : 

Text.  Plates. 

Coleoplera,  144  pages.  Coleoplera,  4. 

Dermaplera^  Neuroptera,  1. 

Orthoptera    UlQ  pages.  Lepidoptera,  8. 

Hemiplera  J  Dermaplera-, 

Orthoptera    1 7. 
,         Hemiplera  I 


352  NoviTATEa  ZooLooicAE  XXIV.  1917. 

Our  Tring  Museum  copy  collates  as  follows  : 

Text.  Plates. 

Coleoptera,  page3  1-144.  Coleoptera,  pla.   1,  2,  19,  20. 

Oermaptera.  Dennaptera^  ^ 

Urtnoptera    >  pages  1-212.  Urthoplera   ) 

Hemiptera   '  Neuroptera,  pi.  9. 

Lepidoptera,  pages  213-336.  Lepidoptera,  Pis.  8,  10,  11,  12,  14,  15,  17, 18. 

So  that  our  copy  has  116  pages  more  of  Orthoptera.  etc.,  than  Mr.  Oberthiir's  and 
64  pages  of  Lepidoptera,  while  it  has  pis.  5  of  Orthoptera  and  17  of  Lepidoptera 
which  are  wanting  in  his  copy. 

Hagen  states  that  the  text  of  the  Lepidoptera  was  never  published,  and  only 
that  of  the  Hesperiidae  ever  printed  (fide  Lederer)  ;  but  m_y  123  pp.  of  text 
begin  with  26  pages  of  general  history  and  96  pages  of  systematic  work,  com- 
mencing with  Papilio  podaliriws  and  ending  with  Sesia  rhingiaeformis. 

In  1872  Mr.  P.  Mabille  published  in  the  Aniudes  de  la  Societe  Entornologique 
de  France  a  complete  bibliography  of  all  the  publications  of  Rambur  ;  and  from 
this  it  would  appear  that  our  Tring  copy  is  complete.  There  is  also  a  complete 
copy  in  the  Natural  History  Museum  {British  Museum).  The  copy  in  the  British 
Museum  (Bloomsbury)  is  very  incomplete  ;  it  has  half  the  Dermaptera-Orthoptera- 
Hemiptera  section  missing  and  also  the  whole  of  the  Lepidoptera.  The  Zoo- 
logical Society  of  London's  copy  is  also  incomplete,  pp.  1 77-212  of  the  Dermaptera- 
Orthoptera- Hemiptera  and  pp.   213-336  of  the  Lepidoptera  being  wanting. 

56.  Notolophus  algirica  (Lucas). 

Triehosoma  algiricum  Lucas,   Explor.  Scient.  Alg.  Zool.  vol.  iii.  p.  376.  No.  82.  pi.  3.  f.  6.  (1849) 

(Environs  d'Alger). 
Orgyia  josephina  Austaut,  Le  Naturaliste,  vol.  ii.  p.  212  (1880)  (Oran). 

It  has  been  the  custom  to  look  upon  Lucas's  insect  as  unrecognisable,  and 
to  ignore  it  ;  though  Dr.  Straud  in  Seitz  puts  it  down  as  a  form  of  dnbia 
and  actually  ventured  to  give  an  aberrational  name  to  the  description  of  an 
aberration  given  by  Lucas.  Although  the  drawing  in  the  Exploration  is  very 
bad  and  evidently  taken  from  a  faded  or  rubbed  specimen  or  more  likely  still 
from  a  starved  abortive  individual,  the  description  and  figure  together  leave  no 
doubt  in  my  mind  that  the  insect  described  by  Lucas  is  the  same  as  that  de- 
scribed by  Austaut.  However,  the  description  shows  that  the  type  of  josephina 
had  much  more  reduced  pale  marking  of  the  forewings  than  the  type  of  algiricum, 
and  this  is  confirmed  by  ezamination  of  the  actual  type  now  at  Tring  ;  but,  not 
being  quite  so  devoid  of  marking  as  the  described  aberration  of  Lucas,  I  think 
we  may  say  that  the  coastal  form  of  the  dubia  group  in  Algeria  must  stand  as 
follows :  Notolophus  algirica  (Lucas)  cum  ab.  josephina  Aust.  et  ab.  ohliterella 
Straud.  I  quite  agree  that  for  the  present  we  cannot  do  otherwise  than  treat 
Notolophus  algirica  (Lucas)  as  a  distinct  species,  as  Mr.  Oberthiir  has  done. 

The  Tring  series  numbers  13  <J(J  and  5  ??. 

2  (J<J,  1  9  Oran,  March— April  1880-1913  (type  Austaut  o' and  1  ?  ;  1  <J 
W.  R.  and  E.  H.) 

4  (J(j,  4  ??  Environs  d'Alger,  Captain  HoU. 


NOVITATES    ZOOLOQICAE    XXIV.    1917.  ,  353 

2  (J (J  Hammam  R'ihra  ex  larva  (larva  April),  1912,  W.  R.  and  K.  J. 
5  Mauretania  (1  ex  Grum-Grshimailo  coll.). 

The  British  Museum  has  11  examples:  5  Mogador  ;  5  Algeria,  Leech  coll.  ; 
1  Esynir,  Morocco,  1889,  Commander  Walker. 


57.  Notolophus  dubia  umbripennis  Strand. 

Orgyia  dubia  ab.  umbripennis  Strand  in  Seitz,  Grossschm.  Erde,  vol.  ii.  p.  119.  pi.  19  c.  (1910)  (Batna). 

It  is  most  unfortunate  that  here  again  an  aberration  and  not  the  typical 
race  from  the  Province  of  Constantino  of  dubia  has  received  a  name  just  as  in 
the  case  of  the  inland  Algerian  race  of  Evchloe  ausonia.  The  ab.  nmbrijjennie 
has  the  same  relation  to  the  typical  form  of  dvbia  from  Prov.  Constantino  as 
ab.  seleniaca  F.  de  W.  has  to  typical  dubia. 

Typical  Algerian  dubia  differ  from  dubia  dubia  as  follows  :  the  cream-coloured 
area  of  forewing  much  more  extended,  owing  to  the  dark  bands  being  narrower 
and  the  cream-white  much  purer,  not  clouded  with  grey. 

Habitat.  Province  of  Constantine,  except  littoral  ;   type  locality,  Batna. 

As  1  have  explained  before,  Messrs.  Oberthiir  and  Powell  are  in  error  in 
considering  that  of  the  three  species  of  the  dubia  group  only  dtibia  and  algirica 
ijosephitia)  occur  in  Mauretania,  and  the  origin  of  this  error  is  because  they 
failed  to  realise  that  the  form  isolatella  Straud  and  one  or  two  others  were 
forms  of  splendida  and  not  of  dubia.     Tring  Museum  has  92  <J(J. 

1  (J  Guelt-es-Stel,  September   1912,  Faroult. 
1  ,J,  2  $  cocoons  El  Mesrane,  June  1913,  Faroult. 
90  (?,J  Environs  de  Batna,  1911-1912,  A.  Nelva. 

The  specimen  from  Guelt-es-Stel  is  very  small  and  has  the  dark  markings 
and  bands  of  the  forewings  very  narrow. 


58.  Notolophus  dubia  deserticola  Powell. 

Orgyia  dubia  deseticola  Powell  in  Oberthiir,   Etud.  Lepidop,   Comp.  Fasc.  XII.  pp.  265,  266  (1916) 
(Kebala). 

The  type  <J  and  some  ??  in  Mr.  Oberthiir's  collection  are  all  the  specimens 
that  have  been  recorded. 


59.  Notolophus  splendida  isolatella  Strand. 
Orgyia  dubia  forma  isolatella  Strand  in  Seitz,  Grossschm.  Erde,  vol.  ii.  p.  119.  pi.  19c.  (1910)  (Batna). 

The  general  type  of  splendida  from  the  Provinces  of  Constantine  and  Alger 
have  the  black  transverse  bands  and  outer  portion  of  the  forewing  narrower 
than  in  the  figure  of  isolatella  in  Seitz,  but  I  have  one  labelled  "  Mauretania  " 
ex  Grum-Grshimailo  coll.  and  three  bred  specimens  from  Bhda  les  Glaciercs  which 
agree  perfectly  wth  this  figure.  The  two  from  the  Ujebel  Ichah  are  exactly 
similar  to  two  ^3  I  have  from  the  Black  Sea  littoral  ex  coll.  Grum-Grshimailo 
and  \\hich  were  labelled  var.  turcica  by  him,  but  they  are  much  brighter  orange- 


354 


NOVITATES    ZOOLOQICAE   XXIV.    1917. 


yellow  in  ground-colour  than  Asia  Minor  and  Persian  turcica  Led.  All  the  Bhda 
Notolophiis  oi  this  group  I  liave  seen  belong  to  splendida,  both  my  three  and  those 
collected  by  Captain  Holl  and  Dr.  Nissen.  I  collected  a  large  number  of  cocoons 
in  1908  at  Blida  les  Glaci^rcs,  but  they  all  emerged  on  our  journey  home  and 
spoiled  themselves  except  the  three  enumerated  below. 

1  <J,  1  9  "  Mauretania,"  Grum-Gshimailo  coll. 

3  3S  Bhda  les  Glacieres,  W.  R.  and  K.  J.  (ex  larva,  larvae  June  1908). 

2  Environs  de  Batna,  Djebel  Ichali,  May  1912,  Nelva. 

60.  Notolophus  splendida  orana  PoweU. 

Orgyia  dubia  orana  Powell  in  Obeithiir,  Etud.  Lipid.  Corny.  Fasc.  XII.  pp.  264,  265  (1916)  (Djebel 
Amour,  Sebdou). 

There  are  no  specimens  of  this  form  at  Tring. 

61.  Notolophus  panlacroixii  Oberth. 

Orgyia  -panlacroixii  Oberthiir,  Elud.  ErUom.  liv.  i.  p.  41.  pi.  iii.  f.  5  (1876)  (Tuelagh). 

On  page  273  Mr.  Oberthiir  states  that  no  entomologist  had  remarked  about 
the  discrepancy  between  the  figure  of  this  insect  and  the  description  (due  to 
grease),  and  draws  the  conclusion,  to  fit  his  theory  as  to  name-vaUdity  and  figures, 
that  no  one  reads  descriptions  when  a  figure  exists.  This  is  a  most  unjust 
deduction  to  make  in  this  instance,  as  I  will  endeavour  to  explain. 

The  type  of  N.  panlacroixii  collected  by  Mr.  Gaston  Allard  has  remained 
unique  to  the  present  day,  in  spite  of  the  extensive  collecting  in  Algeria  during 
the  forty-one  years  since  its  capture.  This  being  the  case,  it  is  evident  that  no 
entomologist  was  lUiely  to  spend  much  time  over  either  plate  or  description  as 
soon  as  he  found  that  any  specimens  he  had  were  not  panlacroixii. 

I,  however,  wish  to  point  out  one  fact  connected  with  this  group  of  Notolophus. 
When  comparing  my  series  with  those  in  the  British  Museum,  I  examined  a  long 
series  of  Notolophus  leechi  Kirby  {prisca  Leech  nee  Staudinger)  from  West  China 
which  had  been  in  the  Leech  collection  and  included  Kirby's  type.  I  found  in 
these  that  the  two  transverse  lines  on  the  disc  of  the  forcwing,  which  resemble 
those  of  panlacroixii  in  some  specimens  by  being  joined  at  the  inner  margin,  are 
very  variable.  In  some  they  are  wide  apart,  as  in  auceps,  at  the  inner  margin, 
while  in  others  they  gradually  converge  till  they  become  joined  on  the  inner 
margin  ;  between  these  extremes  there  is  a  complete  intergradation.  This 
being  the  case  with  leechi,  it  is  in  my  opinion  quite  conceivable  that  panlacroixii 
is  only  an  aberrant  specimen  of  the  local  race  of  trigotephras,  though  a  long 
series  with  intergradations  would  be  required  to  prove  it.  1  therefore  must  for 
the  present  treat  this  insect  as  a  distinct  species. 

62.  Notolophus  trigotephras  anceps  Oberth. 

Orgyia  anceps  Oberthiir,  Etud.  Entom.  liv.  ix.  p.  37.  pi.  iii.  f.  5  (1884)  (Tangier). 

This  race  appears  confined  to  Tangier,  and  the  Tring  Museum  has  no  speci- 
mens. 


NOVITATES    ZOOLOOICAE    XXIV.    1917.  355 

63.  Notolophus  trigotephras  transiens  Stdgr. 

Orgyia  trigotephras  var.  transims  Staudinger  in    Cat.  Lipid.  Palamrc.  Staud.  and  Rebel,  p.   114. 
No.  888  b.  (1901)  (Mauretania). 

This  is  the  most  widely  spread  of  the  Mauretanian  forms  of  trigotephras, 
being  found  in  the  Provinces  of  Alger  and  Constantino  and  also  in  Tunisia. 
1  c?  Hussein  Dey,  June  1908,  Captain  Holl. 
5  c?(J  Bhda  les  Glacieres,  July  1908,  Captain  Holl. 

1  cJ  Tala  Rana,  July  1910,  Dr.  Nissen. 
3  ,J<J  Batna,  Nelva. 

2  (J  Oued  Hamidou,  June  1912,  Faroult. 

3  (J(J  Hammam  Meskoutine,  W.  R.  and  K.  J.  (ex  larva,  larvae  May  1914, 
emerged  at  Tring). 

13  (J (J  Ain  Draham,  July  1911,  Faroult. 
The  Tring  Museum  series  comprises  28  <?<?. 

63a.  Notolophus  trigotephras  hoUi  Oberth. 

Orgyia  trigotephras  holli  Oberthiir,  Etud.  Lipid.  Gomp.  Faac.  XII.  p.  276  (description),  p.  278  (name 
in  explanation  of  figures)  (1916)  (El  Biar). 

This  form  has  also  been  taken  at  Hussein  Dey. 

04.  Notolophus  trigotephras  sebdouensis  Oberth. 

Orgyia  trigotephras  sebdouensis  Oberthiir,  Elud.  Lipidop.  Comp.  Fasc.  XII.  p.  276  (description), 
p.  278  (explanation  of  plate)  (191G)  (Sebdou). 

This  is  the  largest  of  the  Mauretanian  races  of  trigotephras.  It  i.s  nearest 
to  i.  auceps  in  respect  to  its  ground-colour,  but  differs  much  by  the  white  supra- 
tornal  white  patch  being  almost  or  quite  absent  and  in  the  discal  transverse 
hnes  being  more  prominent.  Mr.  Oberthiir  states  that  this  insect  is  somewhat 
smaller  than  N.  panlacroixii,  but  the  drawing  of  that  insect  shows  forewing 
16  mm.  in  length  and  expanse  3.5  mm.,  and  my  specimen  of  t.  sebdouensis  from 
the  Grum-Grshimailo  collection  shows  exactly  identical  measurements. 

1  5,  1  $  Sebdou,  June  1886,  Austaut. 

1  (J  Mauretania,  Grum-Grshimailo  coll. 

[Arctornis  chrysorrhoea  (Linn.)  and  Nygmia  phaeorrhoea  Don. 

It  has  hitherto  been  accepted  that  our  famiUar  "  Goldtail  Moth  "  should 
be  called  Porthesia  similis  Fuessly  (Verz.  hekannt.  Schwerz.  Ins.  p.  35.  No.  662 
(1775)),  because  this  ante-dated  Tabricius's  name  auriflua  [Mant.  Ins.  125  (1787)) ; 
moreover,  this  name  auriflua  was  itself  ante-dated  by  Esper's  auriflua  (Schmett. 
vol.  iii.  p.  207.  pi.  39.  f.  6  (1785)),  applied  to  a  different  insect. 

Mr.  Oberthiir  draws  attention  {Etud.  Lepidop.  Comp.  Fasc.  XII.  p.  281  (1916)) 
to  the  fact  that  Linnaeus's  description  of  his  Phalaenia  chrysorrhoea  says  "ab- 
dominis apice  barbato  luteo,"  and  that  this  applies  to  the  "  Goldtail "  and 
not  to  the  "  Brown  tail  Moth,"  to  which  this  name  has  been  applied  practically 
universally  for  the  last  hundred  years. 

But  true  to  his  obsession  as  to  figures  alone  giving  validity  to  a  name,  he 
refuses  to  discuss  the  question,  and  calmly  adopts  the  name  Euproctis  chry- 
sorrhoea Hiibn.,  which  is  undoubtedly  the  Browntail,  and  treats  Linnaeus's  name 


356  NOVITATES  ZoOLOOICAE  XXIV.    1917 

as  a  nomen  nudum.  However,  I  have  carefully  gone  into  this  question  ;  the 
first  and  therefore  the  proper  quotation  of  Phalaena  ckrysorrhoca  Linn,  is  not, 
as  Mr.  Oberthiir  gives  it,  "  Syst.  Nat.  edit.  x.  reform  (Joannis  Joachinius 
Langius),  vol.  i.  p.  502.  No.  28  (1760),"  but  "Syst.  Nat.  edit.  x.  vol.  i.  p.  502. 
No.  28  (1758)."  Now,  Linnaeus  gives  as  his  first  quotation  Baj.  ins.  156. 
No.  1.  15,  which  means  Joannis  Raius,  Historia  Insectorum,  p.  156.  P.M.  15. 
No.  1  (1710),  where  the  perfect  insect  is  described  as  follows:  "Phalaena 
media,  alls  niveis,  cauda  obtusa  lanugine  densa  pulva  obsita."  This  descrip- 
tion might  fit  either  of  our  two  insects,  but  Raius  adds  a  very  long  and 
most  careful  description  of  the  larva,  which  is  too  extensive  to  quote  verbatim, 
but  the  first  sentence  is  decisive,  "  Lineae  tres  e  coccineis  sen  rubris  macuUs 
compositac,  una  hinc  inde  in  lateribus  supra  pedes,  tertia  in  medio  dorso,  k 
capite  a  caudam  producuntur."  The  statement  that  the  larva  has  three 
scarlet  lines,  one  situated  above  the  feet  on  each  side  of  the  body,  whereas  the 
"Browntail's"  larva  has  no  lateral  red  lines,  clearly  proves  Raius  to  have 
described  the  "  GoldtailMoth  ''  and  not  the  "  Browntail  Moth,"  so  Linnaeus's 
name  chrysorrhoea  must  be  restricted  to  the  "  Goldtail." 

The  proper  name  for  the  "  Browntail  Moth,"  therefore,  must  now  engage 
our  attention.  It  had  long  been  pointed  out  that  as  Esper  had  used  the  name 
auriflua  in  1785  for  the  "  Browntail,"  Fabricius'  name  auriflua  (Mant.  Ins.  vol. 
ii.  p.  125.  No.  145  (1785))  could  not  be  employed  for  the  "Goldtail  Moth,"  and 
that  Fuessly's  name  similis  {Verz.  d.  i  bekannt.  Schnett.  p.  35.  No.  662  (1775)) 
must  be  used  for  that  species.  Now,  however,  I  think  I  have  proved  that  the 
"  Goldtail  Moth  "  must  stand  as  Euproctis  chrysorrhoea  (Linn.),  and  at  first 
sight  it  would  appear  that  Esper's  name  of  auriflua  {Schmett.  vol.  iii.  p.  207. 
pi.  39.  f.  6  (1785))  must  be  applied  to  the  "  Browntail  Moth,"  but,  unfortunately, 
the  name  auriflua  was  applied  to  the  "Goldtail  Moth"  in  1776  by  Schifier- 
miiller  and  Denis  {Syst.  Verz.  Schmett.  Wien,  p.  52.  No.  4).  The  only  other  name 
clearly  applicable  to  the  "  Bro\ratail  Moth  "  is  Phalaena  phaeorrhoea  Donovan 
[Nat.  Hist.  Brit.  Ins.  vol.  xvi.  p.  39.  pi.  555  (1813)).  Therefore  the  "Browntail 
Moth  "  must  stand  as  Nygmia  phaeorrhoea  phaeorrhoea  (Don.). 

The  fact  that  we  have  proved  that  the  name  chrysorrhoea  Linn,  belongs  to 
the  "  Goldtail  Moth  "  carries  with  it  some  generic  changes  as  well  as  specific. 
We  see  that  auriflua  Schiff.  and  Den.  applies  to  the  "  Goldtail,"  but  the  type 
of  the  genus  Euproctis  Hiibner  is  given  by  him  as  auriflua  Schiff.,  and  I  found 
on  reference  to  Hubner's  own  copy  of  Schiffermiiller  and  Denis's  Systematisches 
Verzeichniss  der  Schmettenlinge  der  Wiener  Gegend  evidence  to  prove  this.  This 
name  Euproctis  (Hiibner,  Verzeichnis  bekannten  Schmetterlinge,  p.  159.  Coitus  2 
(1827)),  and  which  ante-dates  Porthesia  (Stephens,  Illustrations  of  British  In.secis, 
HousteUata,  vol.  ii.  p.  65  (1828),  is  unfortunately  also  antedated  by  Germar's 
name  Arctornis  {Syst.  Gloss.  Prod.  sist.  Bomb.  1811,  p.  18),  which  therefore  must 
be  used  for  the  "  Goldtail  "  chrysorrhoea  Linn.,  so  that  we  have  to  seek  the  oldest 
generic  name  for  the  "  Browntail."  This  would  appear  to  be  Artaxa  (Walker, 
List  of  the  Specimens  of  Lepidopierous  Insects  in  the  Collection  of  the  British 
Museum,  p.  794,  genus  7  (1855)),  but  Hiibners  name  Nygmia  is  23  years  older. 
\_  I  may  here  add  that  not  only  does  Rajus's  description  of  the  larva  prove  Linnaeus 
to  have  designated  the  "Goldtail  Moth"  and  not  the  "  Browntail"  by  the 
name  chrysorrhoea,  but  Linnaeus's  own  mention  of  the  larva,  "  Larva  nodosa, 
pilosa,  nigra,  rnbro  Uneata,"  curs«ry  as  it  is,  also  })rovcs  this  to  be  the  case] 


NOVITATES    ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV.     1917.  357 

65.  Nygmia  phaeorrhoea  xanthorroea  (Oberth). 

Luproctis  chrysorrhoea  forma  xanthorroea  Obertliiir,  Etud.  Lepidop.  Comp.  Faac.   XII.  p.  282  (1916) 
(Algeria,  Tunisia). 

We  have  never  taken  this  insect  ourselves,  as  it  appears  later  in  the  year 
than  we  staj-ed  in  Algeria.     The  Tring  series  of  16  is  very  small. 

1  Masser  Mines,  June  1914,  Faroult. 

2  Blida  les  Glacieres,  July  1906,  Captain  Holl. 
13  Ain  Draham,  July^  1911,  Faroult. 

The  British  Sluseum  has  3  specimens,  Meade-Waldo  coll.  In  his  article 
Mr.  Meade- Waldo  gives  Tangier. 

66.  Liparis  atlantica  (Ramb.). 

Liparis  atlantica  Rambur,  Faune  EtUom.  And-al.  pi.  15.  f.  7  (1842)  (Andalusia). 

Psilura  atlantica.  Rambur,  Cat.  Syst.  Lepidop.  Andal.  pp.  277-278  (1858)  (Andalusia  (J,  Algeria  $). 

Wc  have  taken  this  insect  in  several  places  during  our  travels  in  Algeria, 
but  it  was  at  Hammam  Meskoutine  alone  that  we  found  it  was  very  abundant. 
The  Guelt-es-Stel  scries  for  the  greater  part  are  very  small.  The  variation  is 
individually  very  great. 

1  Mcgador,  Morocco,  Staudinger. 

1  Oued  Raham,  near  Mazagan,  April — May  1903,  W.  Riggenbach. 

1  Moroccan  Frontier,  May  1914,  Faroult. 

1  Nedroma,  May  1914,  Faroult. 

2  Colomb  Bechar,  March — April  1912,  Faroult. 
6  Ain  Scfra,  May  1913,  W.  R.  and  E.  H. 

22  Sidi  Ferruch,  A.  Thery. 

13  Hammam  R'ihra,  May  1908-1913,  W.  R.,  E.  H.,  K.  J.,  and  Dr.  Nissen. 
11  Sakamudi,  August  1912,  Faroult. 
6  El  Hamel,  May  1912,  Faroult. 

1  El  Messrane,  June  1913,  Faroult. 

251  Guelt-es-Stel,  May— October  1913,  Faroult. 
100  Bou  Saada,  April— May  1911-1912,  Faroult. 

2  Djebel  Kendada,  May  1912,  Faroult. 

2  Biskra,  March— April  1908-1909,  W.  R.,  E.  H.,  and  Faroult.' 
2  El  Kantara,  April— May  1909-1911,  W.  R.,  E.  H.,  and  Faroult. 
2  Khenchela,  May  1912,  W.  R.  and  K.  J. 

1  Constantine,  Staudinger. 

71  Hammam  Meskoutine,  May  1914,  W.  R.,  E.  H.,  and  K.  J. 

2  Ain  Draham,  August  1910,  Faroult. 

The  Tring  Museum  totals  498  examples. 

The  British  Museum  has  2  examples  labelled  Tunis,  Staudinger. 

67.  Liparis  mus  Oberthiir. 

Lynxanlria  mus  Oberthiir,  Etud.  Lepidop.  Comp.  Fasc.  XI.  (Planches),  Explan.  Pis.  p.  22.  pi.  cccxxx. 
No.  4723  (1916)  (El  Outaya). 

I  have  no  lAjmris  which  agrees  exactly  with  Mr.  Oberthiir's  figure,  though 
some  Guelt-es-Stel  specimens  approach  it  closely ;   I  therefore,  for  the  present, 
24 


358  NOVITATES    ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV.     1917. 

keep  it  separate,  but  personally  I  believe  it  is  only  a   starved   specimen   of 
L.  atlantica. 

68.  Liparis  oberthuri  Lucas. 

LymarUria  oberthuri  Lucas,  Ann.  Soc.  Enlom.  France,  vol.  Ixxv.  p.  26.  pi.  3.  ff.  6,  7  (1906)  (Nefta, 
Tunisia). 

We  have  taken  2  oo  of  this  pretty  httle  species  ourselves  ;  it  appears  to 
be  very  rare. 

1  Bordj  :\rgeitla.  near  El  Oucd,  April  1909,  W.  R.  and  E,  H. 
1  Oucd  Saadana,  May  1912,  E.  H.  and  V.  H. 

69.  Porthetria  dispar  (Linn.). 

Phalaena  dispar  Linnaeus,  Syst.  Xat.  vol.  i.  p.  501.  No.  27  (1758)  (?). 

This  insect  appears  later  in  the  year  than  we  have  been  in  Algeria.  It  is 
exceedingly  common,  but  I  have  a  very  poor  Mauretanian  series. 

11  Tala  Rana,  July  1908,  Dr.  Nisscn. 

27  Environs  de  Batna,  Nelva  and  Tailkfer. 

I  A'in  Draham,  July  1911,  Faroult. 

70.  Ocneria  signatoria  nisseni  (Rothsch.). 

Lymantria  nisseni  Rothschild,  Novit.  Zool.  vol.  xix.  p.  125.  No.  1  (1912)  (Khenchela). 

If  Mr.  Obertluir  did  not  persist  in  considering  names  A\ith  descriptions  only 
invalid,  usually  ignoring  them  altogether,  he  would  have  found  out  that  his 
siymUoria  algirica,  described  and  figured  in  his  Fascicule  XI.  of  the  Etudes  Com- 
parees  in  April  1916,  was  ante-dated  by  nearly  four  years  by  my  nisseni. 

Mr.  Oberthiii-  remarks  that  he  does  not  know  the  o,  having  only  5  $? :  it 
is  very  strange,  but  although  the  Tring  Museum  contains  71  examples,  they  are 
all  without  exception  $?,  as  is  the  case  «ith  my  tlirce  typical  signatoria  from 
Central  Asia.  I  also  find  that  all  the  Ocneria  rubea  we  have  captured  ourselves 
in  Algeria  are  ??. 

1  Khenchela,  June  1911  (type),  Faroult. 
3  El  Mesrane,  June  1913,  Faroult. 
1  Msila,  May  1915,  Faroult. 
66  Ain  Sefra,  August  1915,  Faroult. 

71.  Ocneria  rubea  (Schiff.  and  Den.). 

Phalaena  rubea  Schiffermuller  and  Denis,  Syst.  Verz.  Schmett.  Wien,  p.  51.  No.  2  (1766)  (Vienna). 

We  captured  a  small  series  of  this  species  at  Hammam  Mcskoutinc,  all  $2  ; 
one  of  these  has  the  forewings  suffused  with  smoky  browii,  only  the  costal  edge, 
inner  margin,  and  fringe  being  pink.  The  o  from  Masscr  Mines  is  entirely 
suffused  with  smoky  grey,  only  on  the  disc  of  the  hindwings  a  little  pink 
shows  through.    The  Ain  Draham  $  is  very  large. 

1  ^  Masser  Mines,  June  1914,  Faroult. 

II  ??  Hammam  Meskoutine,  May  1914,  W.  R.  and  K.  J. 
1  $  Ain  Draham,  July  1911,  Faroult. 


NOVITATES    ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV.     1917.  359 

7 Ibis.  Casama  uniformis  (Roth.sch.). 

Ocneria  tmijormis  Rotl-Lschild,  Novil.  Zool.  vol.  xx.  p.  118.  No.  22  (1913)  (S.  Oued  Mya). 

This  insect  is  very  close  to  Casama  innotata  Walk.,  but  exhibits  constant 
differences. 

1  ?  S.  Oued  Mya,  May  1912,  E.  H.  and  C.  H. 

1  S  Amgid,  February  1914,  Geyr  von  Schweppenburg. 

1  ?  Ji-n-tabarik,  April  1914,  Geyr  von  Schweppenburg. 

2  ??  Ain  Tahart,  April  1914,  Geyr  von  Schweppenburg. 
2  ??  Tahihout,  April  1914,  Geyr  von  Schweppenburg. 

72.  Albarracina  warionis  warionis  (Oberth.). 

Bombyx  warionis  Oberthiir,  Elud.  Entom.  vi.  p.  75.  pi.  ii.  f.  6  (1881)  (Oran). 

We  first  captured  a  specimen  of  this  species  in  1909  on  our  journey  to  El 
Oued  ;  and  in  1912  Dr.  Hartert  got  four  specimens  on  his  expedition  to  In-Salah, 
and  he  captured  the  species  again  on  the  Oued  N9a  in  1914. 

1  cJ  Bordj  Ferjan,  April  1909,  W.  R.  and  E.  H. 

7  9?  Oued  N9a,  April— June  1912-1914,  E.  H.  and  C.  H. 

LASIOCAUFIDAE. 

73.  Chonderostega  powelli  Oberth. 

Chonderostega  powelli  Oberthur,  Etiid.  Lepidop.  Comp.  Faac.  VI.  p.  336.  pi.  cxxxii.  ff.  1162-1164 
(1912)  (Geryville). 

We  found  a  larva  at  Boghari  which  unfortunately  died,  but  I  was  able  to 
preserve  it,  and  it  is  a  fine  specimen.  It  differs  from  the  two  larvae  sent  by  Faroult 
and  also  from  the  figure  of  Mr.  Oberthiir  by  having  the  hair  thicker  and  much 
more  grey  ;  but  one  of  Faroult's  larvae  is  intermediate  between  it  and  the  figure, 
while  the  second  larva  is  exactly  like  the  figure. 

2  ^cJ,  4  ??  Guelt-es-Stel,  September  1913,  Faroult. 

1  larva,  Boghari,  April  1911,  W.  R.  and  E.  H. 

2  larvae,  Guelt-es-Stel,  March  1913,  Faroult. 

74.  Chonderostega  constantina  Aurivillius. 

Chonderostega  constantina  Aurivillius,  Iris,  vol.  vii.  p.  137.  No.  7  (larva)  (1894)  (Mauretania  (Con- 

Btautine  fide  Staudinger)). 
Chonderostega  constantina  Oberthur,  Bull.  Soc.  Entom.  France,  1898,  p.  230  (imago  ^  $)  (Prov.  Con- 

stantine). 

I  only  have  1  $  of  this  species. 

1  $  Constantine,  Staudinger. 

3  larvae,  Constantine,  Staudinger. 

75.  Chonderostega  tingitana  Powell. 

Chonderostega  tingitana  Powell  in  Oberthur,  Etud.  Lepidop.  Comp.  Faac.  XII.  pp.  303-304  (1916) 
(Tangier). 

Only  kno^vn  from  the  o?  in  Mr.  Oberth iir's  collection, 


360  XOVITATES    ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV.     1917. 

70.  Clisiocampa  neustria  flavescens  'Griinb.). 

ilalaajsoma  neustria  flavescens  Griinborg  in  Seitz,  Grossschm.  Erde,  p.  151  (1911)  (.Algeria). 

The  only  place  from  which  the  Tring  Museum  has  received  this  species  is 
Masscr  Mines. 

4  cJo,   1   $  Masser  Mines,  June  1914,  Faioult. 

77.  Malacosoma  alpicola  lutea  (Obcrth.). 

Bombijx  luieus  Oberthiir,  Etiid.  Entom.  liv.  iii.  p.  44  (187S)  (El  May  Oran). 

Mr.  Oberthiir  has  told  us,  from  material  in  his  collection,  that  he  finds  West 
Algerian  and  East  Algerian  ?V  of  hdeu  more  or  less  alike,  while  the  otJ  are  very 
distinct ;  the  East  Algerian  qS  being  dark  with  two  hght  discal  transverse  lines, 
while  the  West  Algerian  o(J  are  light  with  two  dark  discal  transverse  lines.  From 
this  it  appears  that  Mr.  Oberthiu-'s  experience  has  been  different  from  mine,  else  he 
woidd  have  realised  that  the  problem  of  the  .Mauretanian  representatives  of  the 
European  franconica-alpicola  group  of  moths  was  a  very  different  one  from  what 
he  thought.  In  1912  Dr.  Jordan  and  I  collected  a  large  number  of  larvae  of  these 
insects  at  Khenchela  and  in  1913  Faroult  did  the  same  at  Guelt-es-Stel.  Of 
both  lots  many  larvae  died  before  spinning  up  and  pupating,  and  of  the  rest  the 
largest  number  died  or  the  imagines  got  spoilt  owing  to  our  very  rough  journeys 
home.  However,  I  succeeded  in  breeding  3  <J(J  and  1  ?  from  Guelt-es-Stel  and 
4  o(J  and  4  $?  from  Khenchela.  In  1914  Faroult  sent  me  some  cocoons  of  these 
insects  from  Boghari,  from  which  5  o<3  and  1  5  emerged.  The  resulting  insects 
form  a  most  interesting  series  :  4  o(J  and  1  ?  from  Boghari  and  the  3  o(J  and 
1  ?  from  Guelt-es-Stel  and  1  $  from  Lambessa  are  typical  lutea,  ie.  tlie  (J(J 
have  the  disc  of  the  forewings  cream-yellow  with  the  two  transverse  hnes  mauve- 
brown,  and  the  ??  are  entirely  rich  golden  yellow  ;  the  1  S  from  Boghari  and 
4  0(J  from  Khenchela  have  the  disc  of  the  forewings  mauve-bro\\ii,  with  the  two 
transverse  lines  cream-yellow  ;  the  ?$,  however,  also  sho^\•  a  great  difference — 
two  of  these  ??  are  liver-brown,  washed  -nith  oUvaceous  or  greenish  and  with  an 
indistinct  yellowish  transverse  band,  the  remaining  two  are  blackish  chocolate- 
brown.  Before  reading  Mr.  Oberthiir's  article  I  had  determined  in  my  own  mind 
that  I  was  dealing  with  two  distinct  races  of  one  species,  but  after  reading  his 
article  and  looking  up  his  previous  works  on  the  subject,  I  carefully  re-examined 
my  nineteen  specimens,  and  I  was  at  once  struck  by  three  points:  first,  Mr. 
Oberthiir  had  got  typical  lutea  ??  from  Khenchela  and  Lambessa  and  a  typical 
lutea  o  from  Biskra  ;  secondly,  I  had  got  dark  SS  and  S?  quite  unlike  typical 
lutea  from  Khenchela  ;  and  thirdly,  I  had  got  three  typical  lutea  Jo  from  Boghari 
and  one  dark  (J  similar  to  those  from  Khenchela.  The  fact  thus  demonstrated 
that  typical  lutea  as  well  as  dark-coloured  examples  occurred  at  Boghari  and 
Khenchela  clearly  proved  that  what  we  were  dealing  with  were  not  two  local 
races  of  one  species,  as  two  local  races  of  the  same  species  cannot  occur  together 
in  one  place.  Therefore  we  had  either  a  case  of  dimorphism  to  deal  with  or  the 
dark  and  light  examples  were  specimens  of  two  distinct  species.  This  question 
can  only  be  decided  by  the  examination  of  the  genitalia  or  by  breeding  both  dark 
and  light  individuals  from  eggs  laid  by  a  single  $. 

Pending  such  decision,  I  prefer  to  keep  them  as  separate  species,  one  repre- 


NOVITATES    ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV.     1917.  301 

senting  in  Mauretania  Malacosoma  franconica  Esp.  and  the  other  Malacosoma 
alpicola  Stdgr. 

4  (J(?,  1  ?  Boghari,  May  1913—1914,  Faioiilt  (ex  larva  hatched  Hammam 
Meskoutine). 

3  <J<J,  1  ?  Guelt-es-Stel,  May  1913,  Faroult. 

1  $  Lambessa,  Staudinger. 

2  larvae,  4  cocoons,  and  2  pupae,   CJuelt-es-Stel,  Faroult. 

78.  Malacosoma  franconica  brunneo-olivacea  subsp.  nov. 

(J.  Differs  from  /.  franconica  in  having  the  cream-yellow  discal  lines  of  the 
forewings  much  more  strongly  developed.  ?.  Differs  from  /.  franconica  in  being 
either  Hver-brown  washed  with  olive  or  dark  chocolate-brown  not  maroon-red. 

Habitat.  Algeria. 

1  (?  Boghari,  May  1913,  Faroult  (ex  larva). 

4  (J(J,  4  5?  Khenchela.  May  1912.  W.  R.  and  K.  J.  (ex  larva,  larva  Khen- 
chela,  emerged  Tring), 

2  larvae,  2  cocoons,  Khenchela,  W.  R.  and  K.  J. 

79.  Achnocampa  ilicis  Ramb. 

Achnocampa  ilicis  Rambur,   Cat.  Syst.   Lepidop.  Andal.  p.   362.  pis.   5.   f.   4  and  14.  f.  1  (1866) 
(Andalusia). 

We  never  received  or  found  this  species. 

SO.  Diplura  loti  algeriensis  (B.  Baker). 

Bombyx  loti  var.  algeriensis  B.  Baker,  Entom.  Month.  Mag.  vol.  xxi.  p.  242  (1885)  (Guelma). 
Bombyx  brunnea  Oberthiir,  Eliid.  Entom.  livr.  xiii.  p.  29.  pi.  6.  f.  39  (1890)  (Prov.  Oran). 

We  have  never  come  across  the  imago  of  /.  brunnea,  but  we  found  a  larva 
at  Saida  which,  as  it  was  almost  dead,  I  preserved.    The  Batna  o  is  much  damaged. 

1  c?  "Algeria,"  Bartel. 

1  <J,   3  $9  Batna,   1909-1914,  Nelva. 

1  ?  Lambessa,  Deyrolle. 

1  $  Lalla  Marnia,  October  1912,  Rotrou. 

1  ?  Sidi-bel-Abbes,  August   1912,  Rotrou. 

1  larva,  Saida,  May  1913,  W.  R.  and  K.  J. 

81.  Diplura  loti  simulatrix  Chr^t. 

Diplura  simulatrix  Chretien,  Le  Nnturaliste,  vol.  x.-sxii.   (ser.    ii.    vol.  xxii.)  p.  78.  No.  2  (1910) 
(Tunisia). 

I  have  never  received  this  form.  Mr.  Chretien  has  described  simulatrix  as 
a  species  distinct  from  loti,  and  an  examination  of  the  genitaha  and  other  structures 
may  prove  him  to  be  right.  Mr.  Oberthiir  has  alluded  to  Mr.  Chretien's  insect 
under  his  brunnea  —  recte  algeriensis  B.  Baker  {Etud.  Entom.  Camp.  Fasc.  XII. 
p.  326  (1916) ),  and  treats  it  as  a  local  race  of  algeriensis,  which  he  considers  a  dis- 
tinct species  from  loti ;  this  again  may  or  may  not  prove  to  be  the  case.  However, 
one  thing  is  clear,  typical  Diplura  loti  does  not  occur  in  North  Africa  ;  and  as 


362  NOVITATES    ZOOLOOICAE    XXIV.     19l7. 

algeriensis  and  simulatrix  replace  this  species  geographically  in  Algeria  and 
Tunisia  respectively,  I  feel  bound  for  the  present  to  treat  both  as  subspecies  of 
loti. 

[Pachygastria  serrula  (Guen.)  and  its  allies. 

This  little  group  of  species  is  very  difficult  to  make  out,  but  fortunately  I 
have  a  good  series  of  the  two  Palestine  forms  davidis  Stdgr.  and  serrula  pulaesti- 
nensis  Stdgr.  for  comparison.  The  type  of  Guenee's  serrula  was  said  to  have 
been  brought  from  Andalusia  by  Lorquin,  but  there  appears  to  be  some  doubt 
as  to  the  correctness  of  the  locality  (see  Oberthiir,  Etudes  d' Entomologie,  livraison 
vi.  pp.  73,  74).  The  figure  of  the  type  [Ann.  Soc.  Entom.  France,  pi.  x.  fig.  2)  is 
not  good,  too  red  and  not  pure  grey  enough. 

The  next  record  of  serrula  is  from  Mt.  Tessala,  Prov.  Oran,  where  it  was  dis- 
covered bj'  JMr.  Austaut  in  1880.  Mr.  Oberthiir  describes  it  and  figures  the  (J  and 
larva  [Etud.  Entom.  livr.  vi.  p.  73.  pi.  iii.  Nos.  6  and  6«)  from  Mr.  Austaut's  speci- 
mens. These  figures  are  not  very  good.  Since  then  a  number  of  forms  (aegyptiaca 
Oberth.,  marocmna  Stdgr.,  and  undukita  Stdgr.)  have  been  described  ;  in  addi- 
tion to  this  Staudinger  has  described  davidis  and  Oberthiir  homilcar  with  a  var. 
hamilcar,  which  these  authors  consider  good  species.  As  regards  davidis,  Herr 
Paulus,  its  discoverer,  stated  that  its  larva  was  feeding  in  company  with  that  of 
s.  palaestinensis  and  did  not  differ  from  it.  Comparing  davidis  and  palaesiinensis 
and  hamilcar  and  vndulata  =  homilcar,  we  at  once  see  that  they  bear  exactly  the 
same  relationship  to  one  another,  and  I  have  no  doubt  that  davidis  is  the  extreme 
pale  form  of  serrula  palaestinensis,  just  as  hamilcar  is  the  extreme  pale  form  of 
serrula  itndulata.  If  Mr.  Oberthiir  had  looked  up  the  original  descriptions 
of  Staudinger's  vars.  maroccana  and  iinduhta  {Iris,  vol.  vii.  p.  265),  instead  of 
merely  reading  the  diagnosis  in  the  Catalogue  of  1901,  he  would  have  perceived 
that  the  tnaroccana  fitted  his  cj  figure  of  semda  very  well,  while  the  umhilata 
was  his  homilcar.  The  Tring  Museum  possesses  a  (J?  out  of  Austaut's  collection 
labelled  "S.  serrula  V"'  hrunea  Oran,  type  Austaut."  This  is  apparently  one  of  the 
specimens  obtained  on  Djebel  Tessala.  Staudinger's  type  of  maroccana  was  also 
from  the  Austaut  collection  from  somewhere  near  the  Moroccan  frontier;  it 
apparently  is  only  an  aberration  with  less  grey  mixture  in  the  brown  and  the 
transverse  bands  almost  absent.] 


82.  Pachygastria  serrula  serrula  (Guen.). 

Bombyx  serrula  Guen^e,  Ann.  Soc.  Entom.  France,  ser.  3.  vol.  vi.  p.  45-t.  t.  10.  fig.  2  (1858)  (.\nda- 

lu.sia  ?  !). 
Bombyx  serrula  Oberthiir,  Etud.  Entom.  livr.  vi.  p.  73.  t.  iii.  ff.  6  (J  and  6a  larva  ((J  =  ab.  -maroccana 

Staudinger)  (1881)  (Djebel  Tessola). 

4  <?<?,  2  $?  Mauretania,  Grum-Grshimailo  coll. 
1  (J,  1  ?  Oran,  Austaut  (labelled  V"  hrunnea  type). 
4  (J  (J  Perregaux,  Prov.  Oran,  October  1915,  Faroult. 
1  larva,  AIn  Sefra,  W.  R.  and  E.  H. 

The  British  Museum  has  8  Algiers  !  ! 

The  Tring  Museum  series  consists  of  9  <J(J  and  3  $?  =:  12. 


EXPLAXATTOX    OF    PLATE    I. 

No. 

1,   l().      ;  ^  Pdcluiguftirin   jontKi    nuicheri   {Blach.i     Nov.  Zool.  XXIV.  p.  'MiX 

1*.     LsLvvsi  F.  trilolii  Tiiaiiretaniat  iStdgr.)     Nov.  ZooL.  XXIV.      -  -  p.  :i6.5 

3.  Lai-va  P.  josna  jo-vin  (Stdgr.)     Nov.  Zool.  XXIV.          .  •  P-  •'f>-l 

4.  Larva  P.  josiia  rniirlieri  (Blach.)     Xov.  Zool.  XXIV.  -          -  -  P-  •^''  + 

5.  C.  o  J  ^.  •'■■P''''"^' •s'^'''"?^  (Gaen.)  Xov.  Zool.  XXIV.  .  .  •  P-  •*6- 
7.  8.  f J  P.  sernihi  palnestinensis  (Stdgr.)  Nov.  Zool.  XXIV.  -  -  P-  -i'J- 
9.  Id.  11.  s  +  I^- SI' ir II lu  Hiuhilain  iStdgv.)  Nov.  Zool.  XXIV.  .  .  p.  -.iHS 
iii.  lit.  :;  i  P.  s.  serrula  a,h.  briinea  {Aust.)  Nov.  Zool.  XXIV.-  -  p.  :iry2 
13,  U.  Lt\rvA  P.  serruktiinflvlafa  (Stdgr.)  Nov.  Zool.  XXIV.  .  .  p.  :uy.i 
15.  L-dwa,  P.  sernila  paltiestiripusis  iStdgr.)  Nov.  Zool.  XXIV.  j)}).  .'?()2.  ."ifi:! 
17,   IS.     o  i  P- j'»iiiii  j"-'^"(i  (^tdgr.)     Nov.  Zool.  XXIV.     -         -  -  !>■  ■">'5 


.\>r\ITATES   ZOOLOGICAE,    VoL.    XXV.       1918. 


Pl.  I. 


F.  \V.  Frohawk,  del. 


MENPES  PRESS,    WATFI 


NOVITATES    ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV.     1917.  363 

83.  Pachygastria  serrula  undulata  (Stdgr.). 

Bombyz  serrula  var.  undulata  Staudinger,  Iris,  vol.  vii.  p.  265  (1894)  (Biskra). 
Lasiocampa  bomilcar  Oberthiir,  Etud.  Lepidop.  Comp.  Faso.  XI.  Expl.  Planches,  p.  21.  No.  4718- 
4720.  pi.  cccxxix.  ff.  4718-4720  (1916) :   Faso.  XII.  p.  328  (1916)  (M'Chounech). 

Mr.  Oberthiir  considers  this  a  distinct  species  because  of  the  non-dentate 
transverse  band  and  the  more  elongated  wings  of  the  ? ;  two  of  my  females,  how- 
ever, have  distinctly  dentate  transverse  bands,  while  a  typical  serrula  serrula  ? 
in  the  British  Museum  has  the  band  absolutely  non-dentate.  The  larva  from 
Biskra  differs  from  those  of  s.  serrula  and  s.  palaestinejisis  in  the  interspaces 
between  the  segments  of  the  body  being  black,  not  slate-blue.  This  form  is 
largely  parthenogenetic,  but,  as  is  almost  invariably  the  case  in  parthenogenetic 
reproduction  in  inssects,  the  eggs  of  virgin  ??  produce  only  ??. 

The  dimorphic  form  hamilcar  Oberth.  is  entirely  yellowish  cream  colour 
with  dark  transverse  thin  bands,  and  evidently  is  in  the  same  relation  to  s.  ttndulata 
as  davidis  Stdgr.  is  to  s.  palaestinensis.     The  Tring  series  totals  20. 

2  <?<?,  2  2$  Bou  Saada,  September  1912-1913,  Faroult. 

16  $$E1  Outaya  ex  larva  (larva  March  1911,  emerged  Ain  Draham,  September 
1911),  W.  R.  and  E.  H. 

6  larvae.  El  Outaya,  W.  R.  and  E.  H.  and  Faroult. 

[Mr.  Oberthiir  is  his  Etudes  Comparees,  Fasc.  XII.  pp.  331-334,  interpolates 
here  the  two  species  of  Lamhessa  between — 

84.  Pachygastria  serrula  and  Pachygastria  trifolii. 

This  is  so  out  of  place  that  I  feel  bound  to  reverse  this  order,  in  spite  of 
my  previous  statement  that  I  was  keeping  to  Mr.  Oberthiir's  order  of  the 
species.] 

[The  small  group  of  species  consisting  of  trifolii  Linn,  and  its  allies  evers- 
manni  Ev.,  josua  Stdgr.,  concolor  Chr.,  and  grandis  Stdgr.,  are  a  most  complicated 
and  puzzling  lot  of  forms,  and  it  is  quite  possible  that  they  may  one  day  all 
prove  to  be  local  and  other  forms  of  one  protean  species  trifolii,  but  for  the 
present  I  think  it  is  perfectly  correct  to  treat  them  as  four  or  five  species  of  which 
trifolii  is  spUt  up  into  a  great  number  of  local  races.  Mr.  Oberthiir  (Etud. 
Lepidop.  Comp.  Fasc.  XII.  p.  336.  1°  Tanger.)  says  that  he  believes  that  what 
he  figured  in  Fasc.  XI.  pi.  cccxxix.  ff.  4721-4722  as  Lasiocampa  josua  vaucheri 
Blachier  is  not  that  insect,  but  a  Tangier  local  race  of  trifolii,  for  which  he  pro- 
poses the  name  of  trifolii  vaucheri.  This  name  is  absolutely  inadmissible,  for 
it  is  distinctly  laid  down  in  the  International  Rules  of  Nomenclature  that  no  two 
species  or  subspecies  of  a  single  genus  can  bear  the  same  name.  Mr.  Oberthiir 
further  says  he  has  not  any  specimen  like  the  drawing  in  the  Ann.  Soc.  Entom. 
France,  pi.  2.  fig.  4.  I  have  a  S  and  $  from  Tangier,  and  the  o  is  identical  with 
fig.  4  and  the  $  almost  so  with  fig.  5.  Dr.  Griinberg  in  Seitz  figures  as  josua 
from  Algeria  a  <J  of  serrula  undulata,  while  he  figures  davidis  as  serrula  palaes- 
tinensis. In  the  text  he  keeps  josua  as  a  separate  species,  and  with  the  Maroccan 
subspecies  vaucheri.  He  figures  as  davidis  a  pale  form'  of  gratulis  not  in  the 
least  like  the  series  I  have  of  true  davidis  from  the  Grum-Grshimailo  collection, 
which  agree  absolutely  with  Staudinger's  description,  Iris,  vol.  vii.  p.  266  (1894). 
This  frequent  confusion  in   the  plates,  giving  totaDy  different  insects  in  the 


364  NOVITATES    ZOOLOOICAE    XXIV,     1917. 

figures  to  those  belonging  to  the  names  of  species  in  the  text,  is  a  serious  blot 
on  Dr.  Seitz's  great  work ;  it  arises  from  Dr.  Seitz  arranging  the  plates  inde- 
pendently of  the  author's.  Although  I  think  eventually  josiia  will  prove  to  be 
only  a  form  of  irifolii,  I  keep  it  separate  here  as  the  larva  is  also  different.] 

85.  Pachygastria  josua  vaucheri  (Blach). 

Lasiocampa  josua  var.  vaucheri  Blachier,  A?in.  Soc.  Entom.  France,  vol.  Ixxv.  p.  23.  pi.  2.  if.  4,  5 
(1906)  (Tangier). 

The  larvae  both  of  typical  josua  and  of  the  form  from  Mauretania  differ 
from  the  lai'vae  of  the  various  irifolii  races  by  being  much  blacker,  the  paired 
white  segmental  spots  are  much  more  conspicuous,  and  the  hairs  are  scantier 
and  brown,  yellowish  brown,  or  dark  grey,  not  golden  yellow  or  silver  grey. 
Ain  Draham  specimens  I  have  are  quite  as  large  and  robust  as  the  Tangier 
examples.     The  Tring  Museum  has  25  examples. 

1   o,  1  ?  Tangier,  Vaucher  (ex  Staudinger). 

1   o  Mazagan,  Morocco,  August  1903,  W.  Riggenbach. 

1   <J  Eabat,  1914,  A.  Thery. 

1  ?  Masser  Mines,  August  1914,  Faroult. 

2  33  Guelt-es-Stel,  October  1913,  Faroult. 

8  <J<J,  1  $  Ain  Draham,  September  1911,  Faroult. 

1  (J,  1  9  Environs  d'Alger,  Dr.  Nissen  and  Captain  Holl. 

1  (J  Bordj-bou-Arreridj,  October  1912,  Faroult. 

6  (?(J  Batna,  September — October  1912,  Nelva. 

1  larva,  Lac  Fetzara,  May  1909,  W.  R.  and  E.  H. 

1  larva,  Ain  Sefra,  May  1913,  W.  R.  and  E.  H. 

I  unfortunately  overlooked  Mr.  Blachier's  description  and  described  seme 
aberrant  Guelt-es-Stel  Irifolii  mauretanica  as  josua  deleta,  misled  in  part  by 
Seitz  (NoviT.  ZooL.  vol.  xxi.  p.  314.  No.  49  (1914)). 

86.  Pachygastria  trifolii  codes  (Hiibn.). 

Bombyx  codes  Hiibner,  Samm.  Europ.  Schmett.  No.  332-335  (1831)  (?). 

The  Mauretanian  coastal  and  tell  race  of  Irifolii  has  received  numerous 
names ;  but  although  it  is  very  variable,  I  think  it  is  all  referable  to  codes,  and 
the  forms  named  seitzi,  jugurthina,  etc.,  are  all  mere  casual  aberrations  of  codes. 
We  have  taken  the  larvae  of  this  insect,  but  were  never  in  Algeria  at  the  time 
of  flight  of  the  imago. 

49  Mazagan,  Morocco,  September  1902-1903,  Riggenbach. 
5  Rabat,  Morocco,  1914,  A.  Thery. 

2  Zoudj-el-Beghal,  November  1914,  Faroult. 
1  Masser  Mines,  November  1914,  Faroult. 

1  (J  Lalla  Marnia,  October  1914,  Faroult. 

2  Perregaux,  November  1915,  Faroult. 

18  Environs  d'Alger,  Dr.  Nissen  and  Captain  Holl. 

1  Media,  November  1912,  Faroult. 
64  Ain  Draham,  Tunisia,  September  1911,  Faroult. 

3  larvae,  Hammam  R'irha,  W.  R.  and  K.  J. 
1  larva,  Environs  d'Alger,  W.  R.  and  K,  J. 


NOVITATES    ZOOLOGICAE    XXI\^     1917.  365 

I  have  a  large  number  (some  50  or  60),  unset  as  yet,  received  in  1916  from 
Perregaux,  Hammam  R'ihra,  Sidi-bel-Abbes,  etc.,  besides  the  above  143. 
The  British  Museum  has  I  ?  Algiers,  Leech  coll. 


87.  Pachygastria  trifolii  maiiretanica  (Stdgr.). 

Bombyx  trifoHi  var.  niauretanica  Staudinger,  Iris.  vol.  iv.  p.  262  (1891)  (Lambessa). 

This  appears  to  be  the  "Hants  Plateaux"  and  "mountain"  race  of  lii/olii, 
as  opposed  to  the  "  coastal  "  one.  Though  extremely  variable,  it  is  charac- 
terised as  a  rule  by  its  washed-out  appearance,  due  to  the  large  admixture  of 
j^ellow  and  grey  scales,  and  in  the  many  hundreds  I  have  seen  there  has  never 
been  a  single  rufous  or  chocolate-brown  specimen,  such  as  are  frequent  among 
the  coastal  t.  codes. 

902  Guelt-es-Stel.  September— October  1912-1913,  Faroult. 

125  Environs  de  Batna,  September— October  1909-1915,  Nelva. 

7  Bordj-bou-Arr6ridj,  September  1912,  Faroult. 

2  larvae,  Boghari,  W.  R.  and  E.  H. 

4  larvae,  Guelt-es-Stel,  W.  R.,  K.  J.,  and  Faroult. 

1  larva,  Batna,  Nelva. 

I  larva,  Boudj-bou-Arreridj,  Faroult. 

The  Tring  Museum  series  totals  1,034. 

[Lambessa  staudingeri  B.  Baker  and  its  allies. 

Dr.  Griinberg  and  Mr.  Oberthiir  place  these  in  the  genus  Lasiocampa,  but 
they  certainly  form  a  very  distinct  group  of  insects,  and  I  feel  certain  the  genus 
Lambessa  ought  to  be  upheld  as  distinct.  Mr.  Oberthiir  further  on  p.  333  of 
Fasc.  XII.  of  his  Etudes  Comparees  accuses  me  of  paying  no  attention  to  the 
variabihty  of  Lambessa  staudingeri  because  I  described  a  Lambessa  decolorata 
sordidior  and  accentuates  the  fact  that  I  gave  no  figure.  Mr.  Oberthiir  then 
proceeds  to  give  a  French  translation  of  what  I  said. 

I  can  only  once  more  repeat  that  Mr.  Oberthiir  as  well  as  many  other  ento- 
mologists have  failed  to  realise  that  in  Mauretania  there  are  two  ciuite  distinct 
species  of  Lambessa :  one  with  an  apterous  9  and  the  S  with  shorter  antennae 
=  staudingeri  B.  Baker,  and  the  second  one  in  which  tlie  ?  is  fidl-winged  and 
the  (J  has  very  long  antennae. 

It  therefore  remains  for  me  to  try  to  unravel  the  nomenclature  of  the 
various  forms  of  the  genus  Lambessa.  Mr.  Bethune  Baker  described  staudingeri, 
Entom.  Month.  Mag.  vol.  xxi.  p.  242  (1885)  (Lambessa),  and  in  the  Fasc.  V. 
(part  i.),  plate  Ixv.  Nos.  621-625  Mr.  Oberthiir  figured  five  staudingeri  from  the 
neighbourhood  of  Sebdou.  As  I  have  never  seen  any  Lamliessa  or  Ehenchela 
examples  so  strongly  washed  with  brown,  I  described  or  rather  named  this 
Sebdou  race  from  Mr.  Oberthiir's  figures  .staudingeri  castaneolavata  (NoviT.  ZoOL. 
vol.  xxi.  p.  314  (synopsis  of  forms  under  No.  51)  (1914)  (Sebdou)).  These  are  the 
first  descriptions  of  the  only  two  wingless  forms  of  Lambessa.  We  now  come 
to  the  winged  forms :  the  earhest  described  is  decolorata  Klug.  (Symb.  Phys. 
Ins.  ii.  folio  vi.  p.  3.  No.  1.  pi.  xx.  f.  1  (1832)  (vicinity  of  Alexandria)).  This  is 
a  ?  fully  winged  and  of  a  uniform  yellowish  cinnamon-brown  colour.     The  next 


366  NOVITATES    ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV.     1917. 

described  form  of  this  group  is  datiyii  Mab.  {Bull.  Soc.  Enfom.  France,  1888,  p.  42 
(Gabes))  ;   this  is  uniform  mouse-grey,  tegulae  and  base  of  wings  whitish. 

The  next  described  form  was  my  virago  (Novit.  Zool.  vol.  xix.  p.  118  (1912) 
(Biskra)).  I  unfortunately  was  so  struck  by  the  resemblance  of  the  o  to 
staiulingeri  that  it  never  occurred  to  me  to  look  up  the  decolorata  of  Klug,  and 
Sir.  Oberthiir's  figures  of  datini  are  so  unlike  my  specimens  that  I  also  did  not 
consider  that  insect  related  to  my  virago.  The  single  3  of  virago  is  pale  buffish 
grey,  while  the  ??  are  cinnamon  brown-grey. 

The  last  of  this  group  to  be  described  is  d.  sorrfirfior  Rothsch.  (NoviT.  ZooL. 
vol.  xxi.  p.  314.  No.  51  (1914)  (Guelt-es-Stel)).  The  colour  of  the  general  run  of 
the  males  is  dirty  grey-brown  with  a  slight  cinnamon  tinge  and  suffused  with 
sooty  black-grey,  as  if  smoked  ;  the  ?$  are  clearer,  less  smoky  brown. 

This  is  the  insect  Mr.  Oberthiir  takes  me  so  to  task  over,  for  having  named. 
I  can  only  say  anyone  examining  the  series  I  have  would  have  done  the  same. 
I  must,  however,  confess  that  a  S  and  2  $?,  received  after  the  paper  was  written, 
are  rather  disconcerting ;  in  fact,  they  entirely  agree  with  the  Biskra  examples 
of  virago  in  colour.  This,  however,  is  something  often  found  in  two  closely 
allied  local  races  of  one  species,  that  is,  that  some  specimens  closely  or  entirely 
resemble  the  whole  mass  of  the  other  race,  therefore  until  I  get  Biskra  specimens 
agreeing  with  sordidior  and  in  such  numbers  that  they  prove  that  virago  and 
sordidior  are  merely  individual  aberrations,  I  shall  consider  them  two  closely 
allied  subspecies  of  the  Egyptian  decolorata  Klug.  In  my  synopsis  of  the  forms 
I  included  grisea  Griinb.  as  a  third  species,  but  on  carefully  looking  at  the 
description  and  the  figure,  I  perceive  this  insect  has  a  stigma  on  the  disc  of  the 
forewing,  and  I  have  come  to  the  conclusion  that  it  belongs  to  the  serrula  group 
of  Paclnjgastria,  and  is  not  a  Lambessa  at  all.  Therefore  only  two  species  of 
Lamhessa  occur  in  the  Palaearctic  region,  though  several  occur  in  tropical 
Africa. 

Mr.  Oberthiir  received  from  El  Kantara  a  ?  of  my  virago  and  a  ?  from  Bou 
Saada  somewhat  similar  to  it  which  he  has  identified  as  the  only  other  two 
known  specimens  of  datini  besides  the  type  cJ?  from  Tunisia  {see  Etud.  Lepidop. 
Comp.  Ease.  XII.  p.  332  (1916)). 

The  synopsis  of  the  forms  of  Lambessa  is  as  follows  : 

I.   LAMBESSA  DECOLORATA  DECOLORATA  Klug. 
Egypt. 

a.  L.  decolorata  albescens  subsp.  nov. 

Palestine. 

(J.  Forewings  cream-buff,  hindwings  cinnamon  colour  ;    $  entirely  cream 
white.     (2  ??,  3  (J (J,  and  3  larvae  in  Tring  Museum.) 

b.  L.  decolorata  datini  Mab. 
Tunisia. 

c.  L.  decolorata  -virago  Rothsch. 
Biskra,  Algeria. 

d.  L.  decolorata  sordidior  Rothsch. 
Bou  Saada  and  Guelt-es-Stel,  Algeria. 


NOVITATES    ZOOLOOICAE    XXlV.     1917.  367 

II.  LAMBESSA  STAUDINGERI  STAUDINGERI  B.   Baker. 
Prov.  Constantine,  Algeria. 

a.  L.  staudingeri  castaneolavata  Rothsch. 
Prov.  Oran,  Algeria.] 

88.  Lambessa  decolorata  datini  (Mab.). 

Bombyx  datini  Mabille,  Bull.  Soc.  Entom.  France,  1888.  p.  xlii.  (Gab^j). 
The  original  (J?  types  remain  unique  to  this  day. 

89.  Lambessa  decolorata  virago  Roth.sch. 

Lambeasa  virago  Rothschild,  NovU.  Zool.  vol.  xix.  p.  118  (1912)  (Biskra). 

I  collected  the  larvae  of  this  form  at  Biskra  in  1911,  and  the  five  examples 
( 1  (J,  4  ?$)  were  reared  for  me  by  Faroult,  emerging  September  191 1  at  Ain  Draham. 

1  <J,  4  ¥?  Biskra  (ex  larva,  larva  March  1911),  W.  R.  and  E.  H.  (type). 
3  larvae,  Biskra,  W.  R.,  E.  H.,  and  Staudinger. 
1  larva,  El  Outaya,  Faroult. 

90.  Lambessa  decolorata  soididior  Rothsch. 

Lambessa  decolorata  sordidior  Rotlischild,  Novit.  Zool.  vol.  xxi.  p.  314.  No.  51  (1914)  (Guelt-es-Stel). 

The  first  specimens  I  received  were  some  ?$  sent  to  me  by  Dr.  Nissen,  who 
collected  them  in  1911,  and  sent  them  to  me  to  know  what  they  were.  After 
that  Faroult  collected  a  number  of  (J<J  and  ?$.  Faroult  also  sent  one  ?  from 
Bou  Saada  which  is  undoubtedly  sordidior. 

52  <J<J,  26  5?  Guelt-es-Stel,  September— October  1911-1913,  Dr.  Nissen  and 
Faroult. 

1   ?  Bou  Saada,  1912,  Faroult. 


91.  Lambessa  staudingeri  staudingeri  (B.  Baker). 

Bomhyx  staudingeri  B.  Baker,  Entom.  Month.  Mag.  vol.  xxi.  p.  242  (1885)  (Lambessa). 

We  only  found  the  larvae  of  this  insect  at  Khenchela,  and  bred  2  ??  and  a 
number  of  crippled,  useless  SS- 

1  cJ,  1  ?  Mauretania,  Grum-Grshimailo  coll. 
3  S$   Bord]"-bou-Arr6ridj,    1912,   Faroult. 

1  (J  Setif,  1911,  Faroult. 

102  cJcJ,  1  ?  Batna,  September  1909-1915,  A.  Nelva. 

2  ??  Khenchela,  ex  larva  Khenchela  (larva  May  1912,  emerged  September 
at  Tring),  W.  R.  and  K.  J. 

2  larvae,  Khenchela,  W.  R.  and  K.  J. 

The  Tring  series  numbers  107  <J5,  4  ??. 


368  NOVITATES    ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV.     1917. 

92.  Lambessa  staudingeri  castaneolavatus  Rothsch. 

Lambessa  staudingeri  castaneolavatus  Rdttechild,  Novit.  Zool.  vol.  xxi.  p.  314.  No.  51  (Synopsis  of 
Lambessa)  (1914)  (Sebdou). 

Mr.  Oberthiir  received  a  number  of  Jo  of  tliis  form  from  Aflou  and  tlie 
vicinity  of  Sebdou  from  Harold  Powell.  It  is  the  western  race  of  staudingeri, 
which  appears  to  be  confined  to  the  Province  of  Constantino.  We  never  caught 
or  received  this  insect. 

[THE  MAURETANIAN  SPECIES  OF  CHILENA  AND 
THEIR    RELATIVES. 

These  species  fall  naturall}'  into  two  well-marked  groups,  first  those  with 
white  wings  and  bodies,  viz.  oherthilri  Luc,  hilgerli  Rothsch.,  and  virgo 
Oberth.  ;  and  secondly  those  with  grey  wings  and  bodies,  viz.  geyri  Rotlisch., 
malacosomoides  Rothsch.,  and  lucasi  Oberth. 

Of  the  first  or  "  White  Group,"  in  addition  to  the  three  Manretanian  species, 
there  are  two  other  Palaearctic  species,  obligitata  Klug.  and  pura  Warr.,  both 
from  the  Egyptian  region,  while  of  the  second  or  "  Grey  group  "  there  are  also 
two  other  Palaearctic  species,  viz.  sordida  Ersch.  and  proxitna  Stdgr.  There 
are,  of  course,  a  number  of  other  non-Palaearctic  species  of  CJnlena  mostly  from 
tropical  Africa. 

Of  the  "White  Group"  the  three  Mauretanian  species  differ  considerably 
from  the  two  Egyptian  ones,  for  while  virgo  is  quite  white,  the  other  two  have 
two  transverse  lines,  whereas  the  two  Egyptian  ones  both  have  only  a  single 
line.  The  question  of  course  arises,  Are  the  two  banded  Algerian  species 
oberlhiiri  and  hilgerti  distinct  ?  I  answer  that,  without  examining  and  com- 
paring the  actual  specimens  side  by  side,  there  are  many  so-called  "  Species- 
Lumpers  "  who  would  maintain  they  are  the  .same  ;  but  I  think  I  can  prove 
they  are  distinct.  In  oberthiiri  Luc.  the  outer  of  the  two  transverse  lines  starts 
from  the  apex  and  reaches  vein  1  near  the  tornus,  being  somewhat  angled  at 
vein  5  ;  the  inner  hne  is  sinuate  very  broad  and  does  not  reach  much  beyond 
vein  2,  while  it  starts  from  vein  7 ;  moreover,  the  basal  half  of  the  mng  is 
strongly  dusted  with  greyish  scales  with  exception  of  the  cell,  while  tlie  tarsi  are 
white.  In  hilgerti,  on  the  other  hand,  the  outer  Une  starts  from  vein  9 below  the 
apex  and  runs  much  more  obliquely  to  vein  1  fully  one-third  behind  the  tornus  ; 
the  inner  line  is  very  faint  in  both  V?  and  runs  parallel  to  the  outer  from  costa  to 
vein  1  ;  the  whole  of  the  wings  are  tinged  with  bulf ,  the  hindwings  less  so,  and 
the  tarsi  are  uniform  pale  cinnamon-grey.  Another  striking  difference  between 
the  Egyptian  and  Algerian  "  White  "  species  is  that  while  obliquata  Klug.  has 
golden-yellow  tarsi  and  jnira  orange  tarsi  ringed  with  black,  the  Algerian  ones 
have  them  white  or  grey.  Of  the  "  Grey  Group  "  only  lucasi  Oberth.  is  any- 
where near  the  other  Palaearctic  species,  both  geyri  and  malacosovwidcs  being 
very  distinct.] 

93.  Chilena  oberthuri  Lucas. 

Chilena  oberthiiri  Lucas,  Bull.  Soc.  Entom.  France,  1909.  p.  71  (Tunisia). 

Chilena  oberthuri  Lucas,  Ann.  Soc.  Entom.  France,  vol.  Ixxix.  p.  477.  pi.   IS.  f.  9  (1910)  (Tuzeur, 
Zarcine). 

We  never  obtained  this  form.     Mr.  Oberthiir  records  a  ?  from  El  Outaya, 
Algeria. 


NOVITATES   ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV.     1917.  369 

91.  Chilena  hilgerti  Kothsch. 

Chilem  hilgerti  Rothschild,  Novit.  Zool.  vol.  xx.  p.  119.  No.  25  (1913)  (Oued-el-Abiod). 

The  two  9?  caught  by  Dr.  Hartert  have  up  to  the  present  remained  the 
only  ones  recorded. 

2  $?  Oued-el-Abiod,  north  of  In-Salah,  April  1912,  E.  H.  and  C.  H. 

95.  Chilena  virgo  Obcrth. 

Chilena  virgo  Oberthur,  Etud.  Lepidop.  Cump.  Fasc.  XII.  p.  340.  No.  2  (191G)  (El  Outaya). 
We  have  never  seen  or  received  this  species. 

96.  Chilena  lucasi  Oberth. 

Chilena  lucasi  Oberthur,  Etud.  Lepid.  Comp.  Fasc.  XII.  p.  341.  No.  3  (1916)  (Beni-Ouiiif). 
We  never  received  this  species. 

97.  Chilena  malacosonioides  Rothsch. 

Chilena  malacosomoides  Rothschild,  Ann.  .Mag.  Xat.  Hist.  (8).  xvi.  p.  249.  No.  (13)  (1915)  (Oued 
Tamoudat,  north  of  Ideles). 

Herr  Geyr  von  Schweppenburg's  type  remains  the  only  recorded  specimen. 

1   o  Oued  Tamoudat,  north  of  Ideles,  March  1914,  Geyr  von    Schweppen- 


burg. 


98.  Chilena  geyri  Rothsch. 


Chilena  geyri  Rothschild,  Ann.  Hag.  Nat.  Hist.  (8).  xvi.  p.  249.  No.  (12)  (1915)  (south  of  Bledet- 
Ahmar). 

Herr  Geyr  von  Schweppenburg  sent  10  specimens,  1  of  which  is  in  the 
British  Museum  and  1  I  gave  to  Dr.  Nissen.  The  <J  50  kilometres  north  of 
Ouargla  is  very  small,  and  the  grey  scaling  on  the  basal  two-thnds  of  the  wing 
is  much  reduced. 

7  oo  25  kilometres  south  of  Bledet-Ahmar,  December  1913,  Geyr  von 
Schweppenburg. 

1  cJ  50  kilometres  north  of  Ouargla,  December  1913,  Geyr  von  Schweppen- 
burg. 

99.  Metanastria  digramma  (Meade-Waldo). 

Macrothylacia   rubi  subsp.   digramma  Meade-Waldo,    Trans.  Eniom.   Soc.    London,    1905.    p.    390. 
No.  86.  pi.  xjx.  f.  10  (Tangier). 

I  have  no  Mauretanian  examples,  but  a  fine  series  taken  by  my  brother 
and  Dr.  Jordan  at  Cintra  and  Monehique  Algarve  in  Portugal.  My  brother  was 
the  first  collector  to  take  the  <J.  Unhke  rubi,  the  S  is  identical  in  colour  with 
the  ?.  I  consider  this  insect  to  be  a  distinct  species  from  rubi  because  the 
diseal  transverse  lines  are  much  wider  apart  and  because  cJ?  are  alike,  whereas 
they  are  dissimilar  in  riibi.  The  larva  in  Portugal  is  much  brighter  and  more 
variegated  with  bright  golden  yellow  than  the  larva  of  ruhi. 

Mr.  Meade-Waldo  in  his  article  record.s  it  from  Tangier  and  Babara. 
There  are  7  or  8  ??  in  the  British  Museum,  Mcade-Waldo,  Tangier. 


370  NOVITATES    ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV.     1917. 

100.  Epicnaptera  suberifolia  (Diip.). 

Lasiocampa  suberifolia  Duponchel  in  Godart,  Pap.  France,  Suppl.  IV'.  p.  79.  No.  cclzxxix.  pi.  57. 
f.  3  (1842)  (Digne  Andalusia). 

I  possess  only  one  example  of  this  species  from  Prov.  Oran. 

1  Masser  Mines,  July  1914,  Faroult. 

[Pachypasa  limosa  limosa  (Devi II.). 

Bombyx  liinosa  Devilliers,  Ann.  Soc.  Linn.  Paris,  vo\.  v.  p.  478  (1826)  (Montpellier). 

Mr.  Oberthiir  tells  us  he  has  specimens  of  this  species  from  Hyercs,  Mar- 
seilles, Montpellier,  Vernet-les-Bains,  Barcelona,  Sebdou,  Afloii,  and  Lambessa, 
and  that  the  Aflou  form  is  distinct.  Besides  a  lot  of  old  or  doubtful  material, 
I  have  a  fine  series  from  Marseilles,  1  from  Guelt-es-Stel,  and  7  from  Alger  (1  we 
got  ourselves,  and  6  from  Captain  Holl).  On  comparing  the  Alger  specimens 
with  those  from  Marseilles,  they  all  show  a  browner  ground-colour,  though  not 
so  b^o^v^l  as  those  from  Aflou,  therefore  they  must  be  separated  ;  and  I  am 
convinced  that  typical  limo.su  does  not  occur  in  Algeria.] 


101.  Pachypasa  limosa  intermedia  subsp.  nov. 

(J$.  Differ  from  limosa  limosa  in  being  more  mouse-grey  or  brownish  grey, 
not  silver-grey. 

Habitat.  Alger  (iMr.  Obcrthiir's  Lambessa  and  Sebdou  examples  also  belong 
to  this  race). 

This  insect  was  only  once  found  by  u.s.  On  the  morning  of  our  departure 
from  Alger  in  June  1912,  when,  owing  to  the  sailors'  strike  at  Marseilles,  we  had 
to  go  via  Port  Vendrcs,  a  fine  $  was  picked  up  near  the  foot  of  a  large  cypress 
tree  in  Mustapha  Superieur. 

1  ?  Environs  d' Alger,  June  1912,  W,  Pv.  and  K.  J. 

3<JcJ,  3  ??  Hussein  D.-y,  Alger,  November  1911,  Captain  Holl. 


102.  Pachypasa  limosa  powelli  Ubcrth. 

Pachypasa  limosa  powelli  Oberthiir,  Etiid.  Lepidup.  Comp.  Fasc.  XII.  p.  343  (1916)  (Aflou). 

This  form  is  browner  than  either  I.  limosa  of  Europe  or  I.  intermedia,  especi- 
ally on  the  hindwings. 

1   (J  Guelt-es-Stel,  September  1912,  Faroult. 

103.  Taragama  repaiida  repanda  (Hiibn.). 

Bombyx  repanda  Hiibner,  Europ.  Schmeii.  Bomb.  if.  274,  275,  346  (1827)  (Spain). 

We  have  only  taken  this  insect  at  Alger,  where  I  got  a  number  of  (JcJone 
evening  by  "  sembhng  "  \nth  a  freshly  emerged  ?  lent  me  by  Dr.  Nissen  aUve. 
I  also  bred  one  <J  from  a  cocoon  found  by  myself  near  El  Biar.  The  Tring 
series  from  Mauretania  comprises  49  examples. 


NOVITATES    ZOOI.OGICAE    XXIV.     1917.  371 

1  (J  Algeria  ?  ! 
46  SS,  17  ??  Environs  d'Alger,  May — October  1908,  W.  E.,  K.  J.,  and  Dr. 
Nissen  (1  Faroult,  no  date). 

1  <J,  1  ?  Guelt-es-Stel,  September  1912,  Faroult. 

2  larvae  and  7  cocoons,  W.  R.  and  K.  J.  and  Faroult. 

The  British  Museum  has  1  North  Africa,  Sand  coll.  ex  Leech  coll. 

104.  Taragama  repanda  tenebrosa  subsp.  nov. 

<J.  Differs  from  cJ  of  repanda  repanda  in  being  larger  and  much  darker, 
almost  black. 

Habitat.  Tangier  (type  coll.  by  Meade-Waldo,  British  Museum). 

Mr.  Meade-Waldo  records  this  insect  from  Tangier,  Rabat,  and  Tetuan. 
There  are  3  in  the  British  Museum  :  2  Meade- Waldo  and  1  Colonel  Irby,  all 
Tangier. 

LEMONIIDAE. 

105.  Lemonia  vallantini  (Oberth.). 

Bombyx  vallantini  Oberthiir,  Etucl.  Enlom.  livr.  xii.  \<.  28.  pi.  vi.  f.  33  (1890)  (B6ne). 

We  found  the  larva  of  tliis  fine  species  at  Hammam  R'ihra.  Total  at  Tring, 
53. 

1  <J  Bone,  November  1891,  Dr.  Vallantin  ex  Grum-Grshimailo  coll. 

1  (J  Djebel  Djelland,  Tunisia,  Staudinger. 

2  <J<J,  2  ?9  Batna,  Nelva  coll. 

44  (J (J,  2??  Environs  d'Alger,  November — December  1907-1912,  Dr.  Nissen, 
Captain  Holl,  and  Faroult. 

1  (J  BUda  les  Glacieres,  November  1915,  Faroult. 

5  larvae,  Hammam  R'ihra,  W.  R.,  E.  H.,  and  Faroult. 

106.  Lemouia  philopalus  (Donzel). 

Bombyx  philopalus  Donzel,  Ann.  Soc.  Entom.  France,  vol.  xi.  p.  198.  t.  8.  f.  2  (1842)  (?). 

We  found  the  larva  of  this  insect  at  Guelt-es-Stel,  April  1912.  Tring  series 
comprises  101. 

1  cJ  Mauretania,  Grum-Grshimailo  coll. 
1  (J  Foum  Tatahouine,  S.  Tunisia,  Staudinger. 
88  ^S,    10   ??  Guelt-es-Stel,  November— December  1912-1913,  Faroult. 

1  S  Lalla  Marnia,  November  1914,  Faroult. 

2  larvae,  Guelt-es-Stel,  W.  R.  and  K.  J. 
1  larva,  Lalla  Marnia,  Faroult. 

SATURNIDAE. 

[Mauretanian  Saturnia  forms.  S.  atlantica  Lucas  was  figured  and  de- 
scribed Explor.  Scient.  Alger,  vol.  iii.  p.  379.  t.  3.  f.  4  (1848)  ;  numida  Aust., 
Naturalist,  1883,  p.  359,  and  maroccana  Aust.,  Naturalist,  1894,  p.  56.  In 
addition  to  these   pavonia-major  Linn,   occurs  in  West  Algeria  and   Morocco. 


372  XOVITATES    ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV.     1917. 

There  has  always  been  a  dispute  as  to  what  numida  and  inaroccana  were.  As 
the  types  of  both  these  forms  are  in  the  Tring  Museum,  tlie  matter  is  easily 
settled.  The  two  specimens  of  numida  are  labelled  as  coming  from  Nemours. 
They  are  as  large  as  pavonia-rruijor,  and  have  the  outer  margins  and  apex  of 
wings  suffused  with  ohve-yellow  as  in  pavonia-7najor,  but  the  basal  three-fifths 
of  hindwings  arc  much  paler  and  the  obUque  zigzag  double  hne  running  outside 
the  ocellus  of  the  forewing  is  not  contiguous  to  the  ocellus  as  in  pavonia-major, 
but  is  well  outside  the  ocellus  and  very  sharply  zigzag  as  in  atlantica.  When  Dr. 
Jordan  and  I  saw  these  specimens  we  at  once  said  these  must  be  hybrids  ;  two 
years  ago  I  obtained  from  Mr.  Watson  of  Manchester  two  artificially  bred 
atlantica  x  pyri  in  which  the  <J  parent  was  atlantica  ;  these  arc  much  smaller 
than  the  two  numida  and  more  hke  atlantica.  I  am  now  therefore  convinced 
that  numida  Aust.  is  the  reverse  cross  to  atlantpyri  Niep  (sic  ! !),  i.e.  o  pavonia- 
major  X  ?  atlantica. 

As  regards  marocc-ana  Aust.  the  type-specimen  is  labelled  Tlcmccn  !  !  and 
I  can  see  no  difference  between  it  and  typical  atlantim.  Dr.  Vallantin  (Bull. 
Soc.  Entom.  1898)  described  an  aberration  of  atlantica  as  var.  motheri  from 
DjidjelH  ;  it  is  very  dark  and  strongly  washed  all  over  with  pink.  I  have 
seen  a  similar  specimen  in  the  collection  of  the  late  Captain  Holl.  I  have  only 
seen  one  pavonia-major  from  Jlauretania  (Oran),  but  Mr.  Oberthiir  has  one  from 
Oudjda  and  one  from  Ain  Draham.] 


107.  Satumia  atlantica  Lucas. 

Saturnia  atlantica  Lucas,  E.tphr.  Sclent.  Alrj.  Zool.  vol.  iii.  p.  379.  t.  3.  f.  4  (1848)  (Luc  Tonga, Lacalle). 

We  have  taken  this  at  Alger,  and  I  had  two  damaged   specimens  brought 
me  at  Souk-Ahras,  one  only  of  which  could  be  preserved. 

1  Souk  Ahras,  April  1914,  W.  R.  and  K.  J. 
12  Environs  d'Algcr,   April— May    1908,   W.   R.,   E.   H.,   Dr.    Nissen,    and 
Captain  Holl. 

1  Algeria  ? 

9  Ain  Draham,  Faroult. 

2  Tlcmcen,  Austaut  (type  of  var.  inaroccana  Aust.). 
■4  no  locaHty. 

5  larvae,  2  cocoons,  Ain  Draham,  Faroult. 

3  larvae,  Hammam  R'ihra,  Faroult. 

The  total  at  Tring  is  29. 


107cr.  S.  atlantica  cJ  x  S.  pavonia-major  ?. 
1  cJ,  1  ?  bred  in  Germany  (per  Mr.  Watson). 

1076.  S.  pavonia-major  o  x  S.  atlantica  ?  (Satumia  numida  Aust. 
1  (5,  1  $  Nemours,  Austaut  (types  of  S.  numida). 


NOVITATES  ZuOLOGlCAE,   VOL.   XXIV.    IQI/. 


PL.   IX. 


"Saturniaatlantpyri  Niep."  (S.  atlantica  ^  x  S.  pavonia-majon 
(Bred  in  captivity). 


"Saturnia  numida  Aust."  (S.  pavonia-major  i  x  S.  atlantica  ^  ). 
(Type.  Wild  caught  at  Nemours.  W.  Algeria.) 


XOVUAXES  ZOOLOGICAE  XXIV.    1917.  373 

108.  Saturiiia  pavonia-major  (Linn.). 

Phalaena  pavonia-major  Linnaeus,  Syst.  Nat.  edit.  x.  p.  497.  var.  (i.  (1758)  (?). 

We  onlj-  came  across  this  species  once  when  the  landlord  of  the  liotel  at 
Oran  gave  us  a  specimen  which  had  flown  into  his  office  the  day  before  our 
arrival.     Curious  to  relate,  it  is  in  fine  condition,  only  wanting  one  antenna. 

1  c?  Oran,  April  1913,  W.  R.  and  E.  H. 

(In  the  first  section  of  this  paper  {Rhopalocera)  I  did  not  indicate  the  sexes 
of  the  Tring  series  :  I  have  put  them  in  in  this  section  wherever  I  thought  it 
was  of  importance.) 

While  this  article  was  going  through  the  press,  I  received  a  large  number 
of  lepidoptera  from  Mr.  Rotroii,  among  which  were  :  160  Smerinthus  ocellatus 
ath.nticus  from  Le  Kreider,  April  1917;  and  82  Amorpha  populi  a usta uti  a,ho 
from  Le  Kreider,  April  1917.  This  brings  the  series  in  the  Tring  Museum  up 
to  207  and  196  respectively.  There  were  also  among  them  20  Dicranura  vinula 
delavoiei  from  Magenta,  April  1917,  and  25  Saturnia  pavonia-major  from  Detrie 
near  Sidi-bel-Abbes,  April   1917. 

(To  he  continued.) 


25 


374  NOVITATES    ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV.     1917. 

NEW  SOUTH  AMERICAN  GEOMETRIDAE. 
By  LbUIS  B.  PROUT,  F.E.S. 
SUBFAM.  OENOCHROMINAE. 

1.  Ergavia  burro wsi  spec.  nov. 

(J,  44-49  mm.  Head  olive-buff,  the  face  irrorated  with  red  *  and  black  ; 
palpus  black.  Antenna  dentate,  the  teeth  at  longest  scarcely  one-half  the 
diameter  of  the  shaft ;  cihation  and  single  bristles  normal.  Thorax  and  abdomen 
above  olive-buff,  the  thorax  in  front  strongly  mixed  \\ith  red,  and  shghtly  irith 
black,  the  abdomen  weakly  tinged  with  red  on  posterior  half  of  the  segments 
and  with  diminutive  red-and-black  crests.     Hindtibia  with  a  single  spur. 

Foreicing  olive-butt',  in  places  with  shght  dark  irroration  ;  a  weak,  very 
ill-defined  reddish  shade  in  the  middle  (about  from  R'  to  BP  in  their  proximal 
half),  traceable  still  more  faintly  to  hindmargin  ;  basal  raised  tuft  fairly  strong, 
red  mixed  with  black  ;  discal  tuft  strong  but  not  very  wide,  predominantly 
black  ;  three  red,  in  places  black-mixed,  costal  patches,  the  basal  about  5  mm. 
long,  the  central  bounded  proximally  by  the  antemedian  hne,  distally  by  the 
postmedian,  posteriorly  by  M,  the  third  subapical,  reaching  SC  ;  some  similarly 
coloured  costal  strigulation  and  irroration  between  the  median  and  postmedian 
and  beyond  the  distal  patch  ;  hnes  chieflj'  expressed  by  dark  costal  spots,  the 
median  spot  rather  elongate,  a  little  beyond  the  cell-patch  (generally  nearer 
to  the  postmedian  than  to  the  antemedian),  obUque  inward  ;  antemedian  Hne 
somewhat  excurved  in  anterior  half  of  wing,  marked  by  a  dark  dot  or  minute 
dash  on  M,  then  incurved  but  almost  obsolete,  except  for  dots  on  fold  and 
SM' ;  median  obsolete  ;  postmedian  exceedingly  weak,  sometimes  obsolete, 
its  course  always  indicated  by  small  or  minute  vein-dots  ;  extremely  oblique  out- 
ward to  R',  where  it  is  3-4  mm,  from  termen,  incurved  between  radials,  oblique 
inward  to  about  three-fifths  hindmargin,  the  dots  on  R',  M',  SJP,  and  hind- 
margin  nearly  in  ahgnment,  an  inward  curve  between  M'  and  SM' ;  subterminal 
line  faintly  paler,  scarcely  traceable  except  between  radials  and  near  tornus, 
where  it  crosses  ill-defined  reddish  patches  ;  termen  with  strong  black  dots  ; 
fringe  traversed  by  some  reddish  motthng  which  suggests  a  thick,  irregular  Une. 

Hirulwing  with    tennen    moderately  strongly   dentate,  the    tooth    at    R' 

scarcely  appreciable  except  in  the  fringe  ;  ohve-buff,  the  proximal  half  strongly, 
a  band  proximal  to  the  subterminal  more  feeblj',  shaded  with  red  and  with 
some  blackish  strigulation  or  irroration  ;  cell-mark  white,  rarely  conspicuous  ; 
a  rather  strong,  thick,  wavy  black  line  just  beyond,  from  R'  to  hindmargin  and 
indicated  on  midcosta  by  a  blackish  spot  ;  a  less  definite  red ,  black -mixed  line 
r5  mm.  beyond  and  parallel  with  the  preceding,  expanding  into  more  rust- 
coloured  spots  between  R'  and  R'  and  especially  between  R'  and  R'  ;  post- 
median  line  fine,  blackish,  marked  with  very  strong  black  teeth  on  the  veins, 
that  on  R=  generally  elongate  ;  a  very  fine  pale  distal  edging  to  thi.s  line  ;  termen 
with  black  dots. 

*  None  of    the  markings  described  as  "  rcxl  "  are  very  bright — scarcely  more  than  "  liver- 
brown." 


NOVITATES    ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV.     1917.  375 

Underside  reddish,  clouded  mth  grey  in  proximal  half  or  sometimes  more 
or  less  throughout  (especially  on  hindwing),  otherwise  with  grey  irroration  ; 
costal  margin  of  forewiug  rather  hghter,  with  rather  strong  irroration  ;  both 
wings  with  rather  sharp  black  discal  lunula  and  vague  grey  subterminal  cloud- 
ings, corresponding  to  the  reddish  ones  of  upper.side  ;  terminal  dots  very  weak 
or  almost  obsolete. 

Calama,  Rio  Madeira,  below  Rio  Machados,  August — October  1907  ('W. 
Hoffmanns).     7  cJ<J  in  coll.  Tring  Museum. 

The  genitaha  have  been  examined  by  my  kind  friend  the  Rev.  C.  R.  N. 
Burrows,  to  whom  I  dedicate  the  species,  and  show  a  great  difference  from  the 
following  species  in  the  form  of  the  gnathos,  the  shorter,  hairy  uncus,  and 
especially  in  the  penis  ;  the  manica  is  strongly  spined,  the  vesica  without  the 
characteristic  cornuti  of  piercei. 

2.  Ergavia  piercei  spec.  nov. 

(J,  45-48  mm.     Very  similar  to  the  preceding,  distinguished  as  follows  :  ' 

Foreiving  more  unifonnly  shaded  with  reddish,  at  least  in  the  median  area, 
and  as  minute  strigulac  on  the  principal  veins  ;  costal  patches  scarcely  notice- 
able, the  basal  sometimes  wanting  ;  costal  spots  equidistant  or  even  with  the 
median  nearer  to  the  antemedian  ;  in  well-marked  specimens  an  additional  line 
indicated  (at  least  posteriorly)  about  2  mm.  proximal  to  the  postmedian  ;  ter- 
minal dots  smaller. Hindiving  with  the  double  line  just  beyond  cell  much 

weaker,  greyish  or  reddish,  never  mixed  with  black,  the  outer  not  expanding 
into  spots  between  the  radials  ;  postmedian  slightly  more  distally  placed,  with 
minute  dots  (never  long  teeth  or  wedges)  on  the  veins  and  nearly  always  with 
a  deeper  sinus  inward  between  the  radials. 

Underside  on  an  average  paler  than  in  hurrowsi,  with  postmedian  Une  well 
indicated  ;  cell-mark  of  forewing  sometimes  shortened,  that  of  hindwing  gener- 
ally wanting. 

Calama,  Rio  Madeira,  below  Rio  Machados,  August — October  1907,  15  <J<J, 
including  the  type  ;  AlUanca,  below  San  Antonio,  Rio  Madeira,  November — 
December  1907,  7  $S  ;   all  in  coll.  Tring  Museum,  collected  by  W.  Hoffmanns. 

Dedicated  to  Mr.  F.  N.  Pierce,  to  whom  also  I  am  deeply  indebted  for  help 
in  the  investigation  of  Geometrid  genitaha. 

Vesica  with  seven  strong,  broad  cornuti.  It  is  right  to  mention  that  the 
specimen  dissected  was  from  Allianca,  but  there  is  no  difference  between  the 
series  from  the  two  locaKties  named. 

3.  Ergavia  endoeasta  spec  nov. 

cJ,  48  mm.  Closely  similar  to  the  two  preceding,  especially  to  piercei,  of 
which  I  should  have  supposed  it  a  subspecies  but  that  the  antennal  teeth  are 
longer,  nearly  cquaUing  the  diameter  of  the  shaft. 

Forewing  rather  duller,  very  confusedly  marked,  the  double  postmedian, 
however,  indicated  by  ill-defined  spots  rather  than  dots  ;  cell-mark  thin  ;  pale 
subterminal  line  fairly  distinct  ;    termen  with  short  black  lunules  in  place  of 

the  dots. Hindwing  more  weakly  marked  than  in  the  allies  ;  terminal  lunules 

as  on  forewing. 


376 


NOVITATE?    ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV.     1917. 


Underside  nearly  as  in  weakly  marked  piercei,  but  with  the  discal  streak 
of  forew'ing  sharply  expressed. 

San  Esteban,  N.  Venezuela,  June  1909  (S.  M.  Klages).  Type  in  coll. 
Tring  Museum. 

E.  illineata  Warr..  unknot™  to  me  and  described  from  a  single  $  from 
French  Guiana,  probably  belongs  to  this  group  and  not  to  that  of  roseivena 
Prout  (  =  calvina  Warr.,  nee  Druce),  with  which  its  author  compares  it.  It 
may  even  be  that  one  of  my  species  will  prove  a  race  thereof,  although  as  none 
of  them  has  the  discal  tuft  "  red-browi  "  and  the  group  is  evidently  rich  in 
closely  similar  forms,  this  is  by  no  means  probable. 

-i.  Eligavia  venturii  spec.  nov. 

(J,  36  mm.  In  structure  and  markings  akin  to  hrunnca  Schaus.  Body  and 
wings  rather  darker  and  duller. 

Foreiving  rather  narrower  ;  a  small  areole  present,  as  in  iiraria  Guen.  ;  R' 
arising  less  near  R'  than  in  the  example  of  brimnea  before  me  ;  the  raised  ceU- 
tuft  less  developed  ;  median  area  more  heavily  irrorated  ;  postmedian  line  less 
acutely  angled  on  R',  less  deeply  incurved  between  this  and  R". 

Ocampo,  El  Chaco,  Argentina,  January  1906  (Venturi).  Type  in  coU. 
Tring  Museum. 

Superficially  recalls  stigmaria  Wallv.  even  more  than  brunnea  Schaus,  except 
for  the  white  cell-mark  of  hindwing. 

SuBFAM.  HEMITHEINAE. 
5.  Racheospila  rufoseriata  spec.  nov. 

<J,  31  mm.  Face  brown-red,  the  lower  edge  more  rosy,  a  narrow  obMque 
white-yellow  band  at  each  side  separating  the  two  shades.  Palpus  fully  one- 
and-a-half  times  diameter  of  eye,  third  joint  moderate,  partly  concealed  by 
projecting  hairs  of  second  joint  ;  white  at  base,  upper  part  and  end  of  second 
joint  brown-red,  third  joint  darker  and  duller.  Vertex  white  ;  occiput  green. 
Antenna  white  proximally,  tinged  with  brown-red  distally  ;  pectinations  about 
twice  as  long  as  diameter  of  shaft.  Thorax  and  base  of  abdomen  green  above  ; 
abdomen  with  four  white,  red-edged  dorsal  spots,  the  first  large,  the  second 
small  and  weak,  the  last  two  moderate.  Foretibia  and  tarsus  (the  latter  paler) 
brownish,  spotted  with  white  ;  hindtibial  process  reaching  fully  to  the  middle 
of  the  rather  long  first  joint  of  tarsus. 

Wings  shaped  as  in  alhnscriala  Warr.,  or  very  slightly  broader. 

Forewing  with  SC"  free  or  anastomosing  sUghtly  with  C,  R'  connate,  M' 
rather  widely  separate  ;  light  yellowish  green  ;  costal  edge  white,  at  proximal 
and  apical  extremities  slightly  underhned  with  red  ;  antemedian  brown-red  dots 
on  SC,  M  and  SM=,  that  on  M  farthest  from  base,  close  to  origin  of  M' ;  a  moderate 
brown-red  cell-dot ;  a  postmedian  row  of  browii-red  vein-dots,  incurved  pos- 
teriorly, that  on  M»  4  mm.  distant  from  termen,  sUghtly  elongate  ;  minuter 
white  dots  accompanying  this  series  distally  ;  a  very  fine  red  terminal  line,  very 
sHghtly  interrupted  at  the  veins  ;    fringe  pure  white  proximally,  dirty  white 

distally. Hindwing  with  JI'  rather  widely  separate  ;   similar  to  forewing,  the 

postmedian  dots  more  elongate,  especially  on  R'  iind  M'. 


NOVITATES    ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV.     H)17.  377 

Underside  mostly  wliitish  ;  forewing  in  the  costal  region  (except  extreme 
edge)  greener,  base  of  costa  somewhat  mixed  with  reddish,  a  minute  and  rather 
weak  cell-dot,  terminal  Une  chiefly  developed  in  anterior  part  and  extending 
round  the  apex  as  a  costal  dash  between  SC  and  SC* ;   fringe  as  above. 

Huancabamba,  Cerro  de  Pasco,  E.  Peru,  6,800  ft.     Type  in  coll.  L.  B.  Prout. 

Near  alboseriata  Warr.,  the  pectinations  and  apparently  the  palpus  shorter. 

6.  Racheospila  variifrons  spec.  nov. 

?,  28  mm.  Face  green  below,  red  above.  Palpus  slender,  over  two-and-a- 
half  times  diameter  of  eye,  third  joint  very  long  ;  reddish  above,  pale  beneath. 
Crown  green,  mixed  with  white  between  the  antennae.  Thorax  and  abdomen 
green  above,  whitish  beneath. 

Forewing  shaped  as  in  bryata  Feld.  or  shghtly  narrower  ;  SC  free,  approach- 
ing C,  R'  connate,  M'  connate  ;  briglit  green,  shghtly  more  yellowish  than  in 
bryata,  costal  edge  narrowly  reddish  ;  lines  very  indistinct,  rather  thick,  paler 
green  ;  antemedian  from  one- fifth  costa,  obUque  outward  to  cell-fold,  here  and 
again  at  submedian  fold  angled  outward  ;  postmedian  from  costa  just  before 
two-thirds,  lunula te-dentate,  receding  from  termen  behind  M%  reaching  hind- 
margin  at  about  three-fifths  ;  a  minute  red,  black-mixed  cell-dot ;  traces  of 
a  red  terminal  line  at  end  near  apex  only  ;    fringe  whitish  yellow  proximally, 

more  grey-white  distally. Hindiuing  shaped  as  in  bryata,  or  with   termen 

even  straighter  ;  cell  very  short,  M'  stalked  ;  hke  forewing  but  without  ante- 
median  line. 

Underside  whitish  green,  unmarked  ;  costal  region  of  forewing  proximally 
with  very  slight  reddish-smoky  suffusion  ;   apical  fringe  of  forewing  darkened. 

Parana,  Entre  Rios,  Argentina.     Type  in  coll.  Tring  Museum. 

Misidentified  by  Warren  as  bryata  Feld.  (  =  flavifimbria  Warr.,  syn.  nov.), 
which  is  only  known  to  me  from  Bogota  ;  in  that  species  the  face  is  wholly 
green,  the  vertex  white,  the  antemedian  line  much  straighter,  the  postmedian 
less  recurved  behind  M'. 

7.  Chloropteryx  anisoctena  spec.  nov. 

cj,  22-26  mm.  ;  9,  28-;!0  mm.  Face  dull  reddish.  Palpus  in  3  extending 
little  beyond  frons,  with  third  joint  short ;  in  ?  with  second  joint  reaching 
slightly  beyond  frons,  third  joint  nearly  as  long  as  diameter  of  eye  ;  dark 
above,  pale  beneath.  Vertex  white  ;  occiput  green.  Antenna  in  ij  on  the 
outer  side  with  serrate  teeth  ;  on  the  inner  side  shortly  pectinate,  the 
branches  nearly  twice  as  long  as  diameter  of  shaft ;  in  $  almost  simple  on 
the  outer  side,  very  shortly  pectinate  on  the  inner,  the  branches  about  as 
long  as  diameter  of  shaft.  Hindtibia  of  S  with  strong  hair-pencil  and  short 
terminal  process.  Thorax  and  abdomen  concolorous  with  wings,  abdomen 
with  a  dark,  pale-crested  dorsal  patch. 

Foreioing  dull  grey-green,  varying  slightly  in  tone  (from  that  of  pallescens 
Warr.  almost  to  that  of  subriifescens  Warr.)  ;  costal  edge  ochreous,  rather  heavily 
dotted  with  black  ;  lines  whitish,  weak  except  on  the  veins,  where  they  form 
rather  larger,  whiter  dots  ;  antemedian  deeply  cxcurved  in  cell  (almost  reaching 
the  dark  grey-green  cell-dot)  and  rather  less  deeply  in  submedian  area  ;  post- 
median   from    a    little   before   two-thirds   costa,   forming   anteriorly   a   gentle 


378  NOVITATES    ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV.     1917. 

outward  curve,  angulated  inward  at  R*,  lobed  outward  at  R'-M',  then  receding 
to  M',  curving,  falling  almost  verticallj'  on  hindmargin  beyond  two-thirds  ; 
terminal  line  black,  interrupted  by  whitish  dots  at  the  veins  ;   fringe  ochreoua 

whitish,  with  elongate  blackish  spots  (dashes)  opposite  the  veins. Hindiving 

with  abdominal  margin  long,  tail  rather  strong  ;  first  line  obsolete  ;  cell-mark 
elongate  ;    the  rest  as  on  forewing. 

Underside  whitish,  shghtly  opalescent,  the  forewing  and  a  small  terminal 
area  on  hindwing  towards  apex  with  a  rosy  tinge  ;  no  distinct  markings  ;  ter- 
minal line  and  fringe  as  above,  but  both  intensified  at  tornus  of  forewing  and 
apical  region  of  hindwing. 

San  Esteban,  N.  Venezuela,  June — July  1909  (S.  M.  Klages).  A  good 
series  in  coll.  Tring  Museum.  A  single  <?  from  Sapueay,  Paraguay,  October 
1904  (W.  Foster),  was  mixed  by  Warren  with  pallescens  Warr.  (see  Nov.  Zool. 
xvi.  76).  True  ■pallescens  (from  Oconeque,  Carabaya)  has  normal  bipectinate 
(J  antenna,  but  is  not,  as  was  suggested,  an  aberration  of  subrufescens  Warr., 
the  (J  lacking  the  hindtibial  hair-pencil  which  is  developed  in  that  species. 

SuBFAM.  STERRHINAE. 
Semaeopus  H.-8ch. 

Semaeopus  H.-Sch.,  Samml.  Aussereur.  Sehmett.  i.  (pt.  13-17.  fig.  327.  1855.  indescr.)  pp.  25,  36 

(1856). 
Cnemodes  Guen.,  S-pec,  Oin.  Lep.  x.  5  (1858). 
Issa  Walk.,  Joxtrn.  Linn.  Soc.  ix.  198  (18G7). 
Dichromatopodia  Warr.,  Nov.  Zool.  ii.  94  (1895). 
Dysephyra  Warr.,  Nov.  Zool.  ii.  94  (1895). 
Heterephyra  Warr.,  Nov.  Zool.  ii.  95  (1895). 
Cliarommataea  Hulst.,  Tr.  Amer.  Ent.  Soc.  xxiii.  302  (1896). 
Xenosligma  Warr.,  Nov.  Zool.  vii.  165  (1900). 
Paradmeta  Warr.,  Nov.  Zool.  xiv.  221  (1907). 
Parazeuxis  Warr..  Nov.  Zool.  xiv.  221  (1907). 
Dasycosymbia  Grossbeck,  Journ.  N.Y.  Ent.  Soc.  xx.  283  (1912). 

I  cannot  find  any  solid  basis  for  generic  separation  of  any  of  the  above, 
which  have  mostly  been  founded  on  minor  sexual  characters  or  sUght  differences 
in  shape  or  pattern.  Possibly  even  Trygodes  Guen.  {Spec.  Gen.  Lep.  ix.  426) 
will  also  have  to  be  merged  with  them.  The  o  antennae  show  the  finest  inter- 
gradations  from  the  heavily  pectinated  to  almost  simple,  cihated.  The  stalking 
of  SC  of  the  forewing,  which  would  separate  off  Dysephyra,  is  usually  (though 
not  invariably)  constant  for  individual  species,  but  would  in  any  case  j'ield 
rather  unnatural  groupings,  as  it  occurs  not  only  in  a  sprinkling  of  siDecies  with 
the  Dysephyra-Heterephyra  facies  (jiistata  Walk.,  ruhida  Warr.,  ella  Hulst — the 
type  of  Charommataea — etc.),  but  also  in  ^^  Parazeuxis"  puntigera  Dogn.,  in 
Semaeopus  incolorata  Warr.,  oenopodiata  Guen.,  and  trygoduln  Warr.  (Nov.  Zool. 
xi.  ."Se,  as  Craspedia). 

8.  Semaeopus  semicaeca  spec.  nov. 

(J,  34-36  mm.  Head  and  body  mostly  concolorous  with  \\ings  ;  vertex 
and  base  of  antenna  darkened  ;  palpus  rather  short,  somewhat  reddtned  on 
outer  side,  pale  beneath.  Antennal  pectinations  fine  and  rudimentarj-,  sur- 
mounted by  moderate  tufts  of  cilia.  Hindleg  with  strong  pencil  of  hair  from 
femoro-tibial  joints  and  strong  red  and  white  tufts  on  tibia  and  tarsus. 


NOVITATEa    ZOOLOOICAE    XXIV.     19ll  379 

Forewing  with  SC  from  cell,  R'  from  before  middle  of  DC  ;  vinaceous  buff, 
with  verj^  fine  oHve-grey  irroration  ;  costal  edge  very  finely  tufous  ;  markings 
nearly  as  in  viridiphga  Walk.,  but  with  the  cell-spot  sharp,  not  elongate,  the 
median  hne  not  succeeded  by  a  dark  shade,  sinuosities  of  postmedian  rather 

less  deep. Hindwing  with  minute  white,  finely  black-edged  cell-spot  ;  median 

line  farther  beyond  it  than  in  vtridipkiga,  slightly  curved  or  bent  about  M'. 

Forewing  beneath  pale  at  base  and  especially  along  hindmargin  ;  costal 
edge  proximally  more  broadly  red  than  above  ;  cell-spot  and  the  two  Unes 
beyond  present.  Hind\ving  beneath  pale  as  far  as  the  postmedian  line  ;  costal 
edge  tinged  vnth  red  ;  median  line  indicated  anteriorly  ;  a  small  dark  cell-dot 
and  postmedian  line  present. 

Calama,  Rio  Madeira,  below  Rio  Machados,  August— October  1907  (W. 
Hoffmanns).     6  <J(J  in  coll.  Tring  Museum. 

9.  Semaeopus  ladrilla  fiavicans  subsp.  nov. 

(J  ?,  34-35  mm.  Smaller  than  I.  ladrilla  Dogn.  {Ami.  Soc.  Ent.  Belg.  xxxvii. 
161=  illimitata  Warr.,  Nov.  Zool.  vii.  156),  and  essentially  different  in  the 
colour,  both  of  body  and  wings,  which  is  yellowish  clay-colour  above,  buff 
beneath. 

North  Venezuela  :  San  Esteban.  Type  ?  and  others  in  coll.  Tring  Museum. 
Also  from  Las  Quiguas,  in  the  same  district  (coll.  Brit.  Mus.  et  coll.  L.  B. 
Prout). 

Without  knowledge  of  the  local  conditions,  it  is  useless  to  attempt  to 
account  for  the  occurrence  of  this  modification  of  so  widely  distributed  a  species 
in  so  restricted  an  area,  and  we  are  perhaps  deahng  with  a  separate  species  ; 
but  the  agreement,  except  in  size  and  colour,  seems  exact,  and  I  have  preferred 
to  regard  the  distinction  as  racial  only. 

10.  Semaeopus  euthyoria  spec  nov. 

(J,  28  mm.  Face  mixed  with  black.  Palpus  blackish,  beneath  ochreous. 
Vertex  and  base  of  antenna  strongly  mixed  with  red  ;  antennal  cihation  scarcely 
as  long  as  diameter  of  shaft.  Thorax  and  base  of  abdomen  above  concolorous 
with  wings  ;    anal  end  and  underside  pale. 

Foreu'ing  with  apex  rather  blunt,  termen  curved,  httle  obhque  anteriorly  ; 
SC  from  cell  ;  saturn-orange  (really  orange  with  thick  red  irroration^  ;  costal 
edge  narrowly  dark  fuscous  or  blackish  ;  Unes  dull  dark  reddish  ;  antemedian 
from  beyond  one-fourth  costa  to  before  one-third  hindmargin,  slender,  gently 
curved  ;  median  firm,  only  very  sUghtly  curved,  well  beyond  cell-mark  ;  post- 
median  from  within  3  mm.  of  apex  to  1  mm.  from  tornus,  rather  slender,  rather 
deeply  lunulate-dentate,  between  the  radials  somewhat  sinuate  inward,  the 
tooth  outward  at  R'  very  sUght,  those  at  R'  and  M'  rather  approximated  to 
the  termen  ;  cell-dot  small,  white,  finely  red-ringed  ;  terminal  hne  red,  inter- 
rupted by  orange-yellow  dots  at  the  veins,  slightly  thickened  between  ;    fringe 

red,  with  a  fine  yellow  hne  at  base  and  an  ill-defined  one  beyond  middle.' 

Hindwing  with  termen  full,  rounded  ;  as  forewing,  but  without  antemedian  line. 

Underside  paler  yellowish,  with  hindmargin  of  forewng  whitish,  the  fore- 
wing  mostly,  the  hindwing   between    postmedian   hne   and  termen  and  more 


380  ^JOVITATES    ZOOLOUICAE    XXIV.     19l7. 

faintly  in  costal  region,  flushed  v>iih  red  ;  cell-dots  greyish,  not  verj'  sharp  ; 
median  and  posfniedian  lines  well  developed. 

C'alama,  Rio  Madeira,  below  Rio  Machados,  August — October  1907  (W. 
Hoffmanns).     2  J  (J  in  coll.  Tring  Museum. 

Very  distinct  in  the  conspicuous,  almost  straight  median  line. 

11.  Semaeopus  dorsiomata  spec.  nov. 

(J,  28  mm.  Face  blackish,  paler  below.  Palpus  with  third  joint  minute  ; 
red  mixed  with  black,  narrowl}'  whitish  beneath.  Vertex  and  base  of  antennal 
shaft  reddish  ;  antennal  ciliation  even,  about  as  long  as  diameter  of  shaft. 
Thorax  and  abdomen  above  deep  salm&n-buff,  the  second — fifth  abdominal 
tergites  each  with  a  white,  irregularly  blackish-margined  central  spot ;  beneath 
pale.  Hindleg  short,  the  tibia  and  tarsus  thickened,  together  httle  hjnger  than 
the  femur,  whitish  ;  a  long  pencil  of  buff  hair  from  femoro-tibial  joint,  a  whiter 
tuft  from  end  of  tibia  above  the  tarsus,  reaching  the  end  of  the  latter. 

Wings  shaped  as  in  the  preceding  species. 

ForeiL'ing  with  SC-  from  cell  ;  deep  salmon-buff  (buff  with  dense  reddish 
irroration)  ;  lines  not  very  sharply  expressed  ;  antemcdian  frcm  one-fourth 
eosta,  obUque  outward,  angulated  in  cell,  then  straightish  (slightly  wavy)  to 
one-third  hindmargin  ;  median  and  postmedian  lunulate-dcntate,  parallel, 
about  equidistant  from  one  another,  from  the  cell-mark  and  from  the  termen, 
somewhat  bent  outward  (and  with  longer  teeth — especially  the  postmedian)  at 
R'  and  M'  ;    cell-mark  rather  long  and  narrow,  reddish  ;    terminal  dark  Une 

interrupted  at  the  veins. Hindwing  with  a  few  scattered  black  dots  except 

in  distal  area  ;  no  antemedian  line  ;  cell-mark  broken  into  two  black  spots, 
that  on  DC-  the  larger  ;    distal  half  marked  as  on  forewing. 

Underside  much  paler,  especially  the  posterior  part  of  forewing  and  whole 
hindwing  ;  markings  feebly  reproduced,  the  cell-mark  of  hindwing  obsolescent 
but  not  interrupted. 

Goyaz  (towii),  January  1906  (G.  A.  Baer).     Type  in  coll.  Tring  Museum. 

12.  Semaeopus  luridata  subrugosa  s\ibsp.  nov. 

cj,  26  mm.  Shghtly  shorter-winged  than  I.  luridata  Warr.  (Nov.  ZoOL. 
xiv.  219),  from  S.E.  Peru.  Above  otherwise  scarcely  distinguishable,  the  outer 
line  of  the  forewing  not  so  deeply  inbent,  the  dark  terminal  blotch  between  the 
radials  consequently  less  elongate  proximally.  Hindwing  beneath,  except  a 
pale  distal  border  of  2  mm.  width,  covered  with  rough  orange-rufous  scaUng. 

Calama,  Rio  Madeira,  below  Rio  Machados,  August — October  1907  (W. 
Hoffmanns).     2  (Jo  in  coll.  Tring  Museum. 

13.  Semaeopus  hypoderis  spec.  nov. 

cf,  35  mm.  Face  and  palpus  rufous,  mixed  with  blackish  ;  palpus  pale 
ochreous  beneath,  third  joint  quite  short.  Vertex  cream-colour;  occiput  nar- 
rowly reddish.  Antennal  eihation  scarcely  fasciculate,  not  longer  than  diameter 
of  shaft.  Patagia  and  base  of  tegula  cream-colour,  spotted  with  red  ;  thorax 
and  abdomen  above    otherwise  mostly  dull  dark  brown,  with  a  shght    oUve 


NOVITATES    ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV.     191 7.  "JOl 

tinge,  a  few  cream-coloured  spots  on  metathorax  and  base  of  abdomen.  Under- 
side and  legs  pale,  the  foreleg  reddened  on  inner  side  ;  hindtibia  with  strong 
tufts  and  a  single  spur  ;    hindtarsus  thickened,  abbreviated,  stronglj'  tufted. 

Forewing  fairly  broad,  termen  curved  ;  SC"  from  cell ;  cream-colour,  with 
rufous  irroration.  but  mostly  occupied  by  the  extended  dark,  oUve-tinted  brown 
markings  ;  a  costal  spot  and  one  or  two  irregular  hues  near  base  ;  a  broad  band 
(averaging  nearly  4  mm.)  before  middle,  its  proximal  edge  oblique  inward  and 
somewhat  sinuous,  its  distal  touching  the  cell-mark,  incui-ved  behind  cell,  some- 
what oblique  outward  to  hindmargin  beyond  middle  ;  a  red  subcostal  spot  in 
middle  of  this  band  ;  cell-mark  elongate,  of  the  ground-colour  but  dark-edged 
its  proximal  edge  on  DC'"',  slightly  incurved,  its  distal  tridentate  (on  the  radials) ; 
a  broad  (4-5  mm.)  distal  border,  bounded  proximally  by  a  chain  of  whitish, 
rufous-edged  spots,  which  is  sUghtly  incurved  between  the  radials  and  outbent 
between  R'  and  M' ;  a  moderately  large  subapical  patch  of  the  ground-colour 
bounded  behind  by  R'  and  a  second  (submarginal)  from  before  JI'  to  behind 
M%  each  of  these  patches  followed  at  distal  margin  by  a  pair  of  small  spots  ; 
terminal  line  at  these  points  rufous  ;  fringe  strongly  dark-spotted. Hind- 
wing  with  termen  subcrenulate,  SC  very  shortly  stalked  ;  almost  entirely  dark- 
clouded,  the  ground-colour  only  showing  in  a  very  small  basal  patch  and  an 
elongate  subtornal  one  which  crosses  M'  and  is  accompanied  at  distal  margin 
by  three  small  pale  spots  ;  on  the  dark  area  stand  two  black  discal  dots, 
a  strongly  curved  blackish  central  line  and  a  very  indistinct  postmedian,  edged 
distally  by  a  few  reddish  scales,  shghtly  sinuous  anteriorly  and  forming  a 
sharp  outward  angle  behind  R*. 

Both  wings  beneath  buff  to  buff-yellow,  with  weak  rufous  irroration,  the 
dark  markings  chocolate,  on  forewing  nearly  as  above,  but  with  the  proximal 
band  fading  out  behind  cell  (the  posterior  region  shiny  pale  grey),  on  hindwing 
confined  to  a  subbasal  patch  and  a  broad  terminal  band  from  apex  nearly  to 
R' ;  both  wings  showing  in  addition  well-developed  crenulate  median  and  post- 
median  hnes,  the  former  strongly  outbent  well  beyond  the  cell. 

La  Oroya,  Rio  Inambari,  S.E.  Peru,  3,100  ft.,  December  1905,  wet  season 
(G.  R.  Ockenden).  Type  in  coll.  Tring  Museum.  Near  commaculata  Warr. 
(Nov.  ZooL.  iv.  435). 


14.  Semaeopus  catamompha  spec.  nov. 

(J,  27-28  mm.  Much  smaller  and  decidedly  paler  than  the  preceding. 
Face  and  palpus  mostly  pale.     Thorax  above  not  or  scarcely  darkened. 

Forewing  with  the  antemodian  dark  band  narrower  and  ill-defined  ;  cell- 
mark  quite  dift'erent,  consisting  of  a  pair  of  black  dots,  as  on  hindwing  ;  a 
median  fine,  strongly  incurved,  well  beyond  (as  on  underside)  ;  distal  border 
narrower,  interrupted  at  the  medians,  the  whitish  proximal  spots  before  and 
behind  M'  enlarged  (especially  the  former),  the  subapical  distal  patch  reaching 
R',  consequently  accompanied  at  termen  by  three  pale  spots. 

Underside  with  the  cloudings  quite  weak  and  restricted,  the  subbasal  of 
hindwing  virtually  wanting. 

Buenavista,  E.  BoUvia,  750  m.,  July — October  1906,  type,  August  1906 — 
April    1907,   paratype   (Steinbach).     In   coll,   Tring    Museum. 


382  NOVITATES   ZOOLOOICAE   XXIV.    1917. 

15.  Semaeopus  geminilinea  spec.  nov. 

<S,  22-24  mm.     Similar  to  mitranaria  Wallc.  (List  Lef.  Ins.  xx.  241). 

Forexohxg  darker,  the  irroration  being  much  stronger  and  mixed,  especially 
in  anterior  region,  with  grey  ;  costal  edge  partly  blackened  ;  veins  partly 
darkened  ;  median  line  stronger,  followed  distally  (at  '5  mm.)  by  a  second, 
similarly  formed  line  ;    the  oblique  subapical  hne  (from  eosta  to  termen  at  R') 

accompanied  distally  by  some  grey  shading. Hinchving  strongly  shaded  in 

middle  \\ith  whitish  pearl-grey  ;  tornal  patch  of  ground-colour  much  less  sharply 
defined,  being  shaded — especially  at  tornus — with  grey,  the  hne  which  bounds 
it  proximaUy  rather  strongly  dentate. 

Underside  darker  than  in  mitranaria.  median  hne  of  hindwing  much  more 
proximally  placed  (close  to  cell-mark). 

Calama,  Rio  Madeira,  below  Rio  Machados,  Augu.st — October  1907  (W. 
Hoffmanns).  2  $$  in  coll.  Tring  Museum.  Also  an  old  and  damaged  cJ  merely 
labelled  "  S.  America." 

16.  Semaeopus  plumbeostrota  spec.  nov. 

Heterephyra  plumbeostrota  Warr.,  MS. 

(J  ?,  27-30  mm.     Larger  than  geminilinea  Prout. 

Forewing  broader,  with  distal  margin  more  strongly  curved  ;  markings 
similar,  including  the  geminate  median  line  ;  antemedian  hne  angulated  on  M  ; 
cell-mark  less  obUque  than  in  mitranaria  and  geminilinea  ;  a  similar  mark  with- 
in the  cell  ;  the  space  between  these,  together  with  the  entire  posterior  half  of 
wing  from  the  antemedian  to  the  postmedian  line  occupied  by  a  violaceous- 
plumbeous  suffusion  ;    tornus  and  subapical  band  similarly  suffused. Hind- 

loing  without  the  whitish  pearl-grey  shading,  thus  coloured  more  as  in  mitranaria, 
but  with  the  ill-defined  distal  area  of  geminilinea  ;  distal  edge  of  basal  patch 
more  curved  than  in  either  of  the  aUies,  tornal  patch  broader. 

Aroewarwa  Creek,  Maroewym  Valley,  Surinam,  April   1905,    ^  type.  May 

1905,  $  ;   San  Esteban,  Venezuela,  June  1909,  $  ;   Fontc  Boa,  Amazons,  August 

1906,  9.  All  in  coll.  Tring  Museum,  collected  by  S.  M.  Klages.  Also  a  ?  from 
Rio  Chucurras,  Rio  Palcazu,  E.  Peru,  320  m.  (W.  Hoffmanns)  in  the  same 
collection. 

17.  Semaeopus  exypna  spec.  nov. 

(J,  32  mm.  Face  black  on  upper  half,  pale  fawn-colour  on  lower.  Palpus 
with  third  joint  very  short ;  black,  beneath  pale  fawn-colour.  Antenna  pec- 
tinate, the  branches  mostly  over  twice  diameter  of  shaft.  Thorax,  abdomen, 
and  legs  fawn-colour  ;  fore-femur  and  tibia  blackened  on  inner  side  ;  hindleg 
with  very  long  pencil  of  pale,  shghtly  ochreous-mixed  hair,  reaching  almost  to 
end  of  tarsus,  tibia  and  proximal  part  of  tarsus  dilated  and  thickly  clothed,  the 
slender  exposed  end  of  tarsus  extremely  short. 

Forewing  with  termen  waved,  more  obUque  in  posterior  part  than  in 
anterior  ;  SC  arising  well  before  end  of  cell  ;  fawn-colour,  with  very  fine  and 
inconspicuous  darker  irroration  ;  antemedian  and  median  lines  rather  weak, 
irregularly  crenulate  ;  antemedian  obUque  outward  from  beyond  one-fourth 
costa,  marked  with  a  dark  dot  on  crossing  SC  (at  base  of  SC),  with  a  pronounced 


NOVITATES   ZOOLOOICAE    XXIV.     1917.  383 

double  projection  in  cell,  then  oblique  inward  to  about  one-third  hindmargin  ; 
median  from  nearly  three-fourths  costa  to  five-ninths  hindmargin,  slightly  in- 
curved between  the  radials  and  again  between  M'  and  SW  ;  postmedian  Mne 
blacker,  near  termen,  exceedingly  slender,  deeply — though  not  acutely — den- 
tate, the  outward  teeth  {on  the  veins)  sUghtly  thickened,  the  inward  (in  the 
cellules)  partly  marked  with  black  dots,  especially  those  before  R'  and  before 
R',  which  are  deeper  than  the  others  ;  cell-dot  small,  inconspicuous,  brownish  ; 
terminal  line  very  fine,  brovraish,  marked  with  shghtly  elongate  (or  subtri- 
angular)  dots  between  the  veins  ;    fringe  with  minute  dark  dots  opposite  the 

veins. Himhving  with  termen  crenulate,  slightly  toothed  at  R'  ;    lines  of 

forewing  continued,  the  antemedian  near  the  base,  the  median  little  beyond 
middle  of  wing  ;    cell-spot  rather  large,  black,  white-pupilled. 

Forewing  beneath  sUghtly  smoky  in  proximal  part.,  first  line  wanting  ; 
ceU-spot  grey,  larger  and  more  conspicuous  than  above  ;  markings  beyond  it 
nearly  as  above.  Hindwing  beneath  paler  ;  first  fine  wanting,  median  weak, 
the  rest  nearly  as  above. 

Pozuzo,  Huanuco,  E.  Peru.     Type  in  coll.  L.  B.  Prout. 

18.  Semaeopus  rubida  orbistigma  subsp.  nov. 

S,  34-38  mm.  Larger  than  r.  rubida  Warr.  (Nov.  ZoOL.  iv.  439),  from 
Venezuela,  strongly  marked. 

Forewing  with  the  cell-mark  enlarged  into  a  round  or  broad-oval  black 
ring,  whitish  grey  in  centre ;  postmedian  Une  rather  more  bent,  on  both  wings 
more  strongly  thickened  at  hindmargin. 

Huancabamba,  Cerro  de  Pasco,  E.  Peru  (E.  Boettger).  Type  and  others 
in  coll.  Tring  Museum  ;  paratyjje  in  coll.  L.  B.  Prout.  Also  from  Cushi,  prov. 
Huanuco  ;    Santo  Domingo,  Carabaya  ;    Chulumani,  Bolivia. 

19.  Semaeopus  vestita  spec.  nov. 

(J  ?,  30-32  mm.  Face  dull  reddish,  somewhat  mixed  with  grey.  Palpus 
dull  reddish,  beneath  pale  ochreous  ;  third  joint  minute,  darkened.  Crown 
mostly  yellow- whitish,  narrowly  red  between  antennae.  Antennal  joints  in 
(3  scarcely  projecting  ;  ciliation  scarcely  longer  than  diameter  of  shaft.  Thorax 
and  abdomen  reddish  above,  more  ochreous  beneath.  Hindleg  in  S  similarly 
clothed  to  that  of  caecaria  Hb.  (  =  punctata  Stoll,  nom.  praeocc). 

Forewing  with  SC-  arising  from  stalk  of  8C"-'  ;  vinaceous  cinnamon,  shghtly 
shaded  over  in  parts  with  oUve-grey  ;  Unes  grey,  not  very  sharp  ;  antemedian 
from  just  beyond  one-fourth  costa,  rather  oblique  outward,  curved  in  cell,  then 
mainly  vertical,  but  somewhat  sinuous,  to  one-third  hindmargin  ;  median  well 
beyond  cell,  bent  outward  at  R'  ( — M'),  rather  strongly  inbent  in  submedian 
area  ;  postmedian  from  about  three-fourths  costa,  dentate  outward  on  the 
veins  (the  extremities  of  the  teeth  slightly  thickened),  incurved  between  M' 
and  iSM^  somewhat  approaching  termen  at  SM*  ;  cell-dot  small,  white,  with 
sHght  grey  circumscription  ;  termen  with  dark  reddish  dashes  between  the 
veins  and  minute  pale  dots  at  vein-ends  ;    fringe  wth  a  very  fine  pale  line  at 

base. Hiruliving  similar,  with  first  line  wanting,  cell-dot  rather  more  distinctly 

dark -edged. 

Forewing  beneath  pale  reddish,  at  costal  margin  brighter  and  more  ochreous, 


384  XOVITATES    ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV.     1917. 

at  hindmargin  nearl3-  to  tornus  whitish  ;  markings  of  upperside  (except  first 
Hne)  present,  not  strong.  Hindwing  beneath  more  yellowish,  with  costal  edge 
brigliter  ochreous  and  distal  area  concoloroiis  with  underside  of  forewing  ;  cell- 
dot  and  postmedian  line  indicated  in  grey. 

Venezuela  :  San  Esteban,  June  1909  (S.  M.  Klages)  ;  type  S  ;  Cucuta, 
paratype  ?  ;  both  in  coll.  Tring  Museum.  A  worn  o  from  Fonte  Boa,  Upper 
Amazon,  June  1910  (S.  M.  Klages)  seems  also  to  belong  here. 

In  some  respects  similar  to  Anisodes  nudaria  Guen.  (Spec.  Gen.  Lip.  ix. 
417  ;  Obcrtli.,  Et.  Lip.  xii.  t.  396.  f.  3361),  under  which  name  I  gather  it  has 
stood,  with  a  query,  in  the  Dognin  collection.  Few  structural  clues  were  given 
for  that  species,  but  it  would  seem  to  be  evidently  a  true  Anisodes  ;  in  no 
Semaeopus  could  the  3  hindtibia  possibly  be  described  as  "  naked."  The  name 
vestitn  has  been  adopted,  not  because  of  anything  exceptional  (for  this  genus) 
in  the  clothing,  but  in  contradistinction  to  nudaria. 

20.  Semaeopus  vestita  asymphora  subsp.  nov. 

(J  ?,  33-34  mm.  Face  blackish.  Wings  less  red  than  in  v.  vestita  Prout 
(supra),  of  an  almost  uniform  fawn-colour,  without  the  grey  cloudings  ;  post- 
median  line  and  generally  the  median  finer  ;  hindwing  beneath  nearly  con- 
colorous  with  forewing,  median  Une  present. 

Tinguri,  Carabaya,  S.E.  Peru,  3,400  ft.,  January  1905,  wet  season  (G.  R. 
Ockenden),  type  in  coll.  Tring  Museum  ;  August  1904,  dry  season,  2  ??.  Huanca- 
bamba,  Cerro  de  Pasco  (E.  Boettger),  La  Oroya,  Carabaya,  December  1905 
(G.  R.  Ockenden),  also  in  coll.  Tring  Museum.  Yahuarmayo,  S.  Peru,  1,200  ft., 
April  1912,  in  coll.  British  Museum. 

Possibly  a  separate  species — forewing  slightly  blunter  at  apex,  etc. 

As  ab.  (?)  punctulifera  (spec.  div.  ?)  I  describe  a  rather  puzzUng  form 
which  is  also  distributed  in  Peru,  with  coloration  intermec.iate  towards  that 
of  V.  vestita,  postmedian  hne  of  both  wings  on  the  whole  witli  shallower  lunules, 
but  these  almost  obsolete,  hlack  dots  at  the  extremities  of  the  teeth,  on  the  other 
hand,  developed  above  and  beneath.  As  the  antennal  shaft  looks  shghtly 
thicker,  the  joints  more  projecting,  the  ciliation  shghtly  longer,  I  suspect  this 
may  prove  a  separate  species,  but  the  differences  are  so  intangible  that  it  will 
require  further  research  to  satisfy  me  I  may  not  have  been  deceived. 

Yahuarmayo,  S.  Peru,  1,200  ft.,  April  1912,  type  in  coll.  L.  B.  Prout  ; 
Pozuzo,  E.  Peru,  in  coll.  L.  B.  Prout  ;  Chaquimayo,  S.  Peru,  in  coll.  British 
Museum. 

21.  Semaeopus  tergilinea  spec.  nov. 

(J,  25  mm.  Head  and  bodj'  concolorous  with  wings,  face  more  mixed  with 
rufous,  palpus  and  collar  with  ochreous.  Structure  of  the  sigillata  group 
(Dichromatopodia  \A'arr.)  ;  hindtibia  with  the  inner  tuft  purple-red.  Abdomen 
with  a  fine,  clear  fawn-coloured  mediodorsal  hne,  the  rest  of  the  dorsal  surface 
rather  strong!}'  irrorated. 

Forewing  pale  fawn-colour,  with  minute,  rather  inconspicuous  greyer 
irroration  ;  a  narrow  ceU-mark,  covering  the  entire  length  of  DC'"',  and  two 
almost  straight  hues  free  from  irroration,  shghtly  tinged  with  buff  ;  first  line 
from   SC    before  one-third,  obhque  to  hindmargin  beyond  two-fifths  ;    post- 


NOVITATES    ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV.     1917.  385 

median  just  beyond  three-fourths,  slightly  less  oblique  than  termen  ;  a  fine 
dark   terminal  line,  sUghtly  interrupted  at  the  veins,  accompanied   proximally 

by  an  equally  fine  pale  line. Hindwing  not  bent  at  R' ;   first  line  wanting  ; 

cell-mark  as  on  forewing  ;    postmedian  line  curved  parallel  with  termen. 

Underside  much  paler,  markings  scarcely  indicated,  costal  margin  of  fore- 
wing  sUghtly  reddish,  extreme  edge  more  ochreous. 

San  Estcban,  N.  Venezuela,  June  1909  (S.  M.  Klages),  3  cJcJ  in  coll.  Tring 
Museum.  Buenavista,  E.  Bolivia,  750  m.,  August  1906— -April  1907  (Steinbach). 
Distinguishable  at  a  glance  by  its  colour  and  abdominal  line. 

22.  Semaeopus  {'.)  purpureoplaga  spec.  nov. 

(J,  30  mm.  Face  red,  above  and  for  a  distance  down  the  middle  dark  brown. 
Palpus  ochreous  mixed  with  red,  a  dark  mark  on  second  joint.  Antenna  not 
dentate,  ciUation  longer  than  diameter  of  shaft.  Vertex,  thorax,  and  abdomen 
buff,  the  collar  and  pectus,  fore-  and  middle-legs  marked  with  red.  Hindtibia 
moderately  long,  with  hair-jjencil,  the  upperside  shghtly  fringed  ;  tarsus  strongly 
abbreviated. 

Forewing  wth  costa  arched  ;  SC"  from  cell,  R-  not  noticeably  before 
middle  of  DC  ;  buff  or  pinkish  butt',  proximally  vinaceous  buff  ;  Hues  rather  fine, 
raw  sienna  or  inchning  to  ochreous,  not  reaching  costa  ;  antemedian  indistinct, 
arising  in  cell,  incurved  behind  ;  median  excurved  beyond  cell-dot,  incui-ved  and 
thickened  behind  ;  postmedian  irregularly  lunulate-dentate,  forming  a  moder- 
ately strong  proximal  curve  from  behind  R=  to  behind  M= ;  cell-dot  strong,  black  ; 
some  confluent  greyish-pui-ple  blotches  shortly  beyond  the  postmedian,  that 
between  the  radials  small,  one  between  R'  and  M*  and  one  from  fold  to  tornus 

large  ;  terminal  hue  purple,  interrupted  at  the  veins. Hindtcing  with  termen 

little  convex,  rather  recalling  the  shape  of  a  Leptoclenopsis  ;  SC  separate  ;  first 
line  wanting  ;  median  shade  crossing  (and  thickened  around)  the  cell-mark  ; 
postmedian  similar  to  that  of  forewing  ;  purple  blotches  smaller  and  weaker  ; 
cell-dot  white,  shghtly  elongate,  very  finely  black-edged. 

Underside  wthout  markings  ;  forewing  largely  tawny  or  tawny-ochreous, 
its  distal  and  hindmargin,  with  the  whole  of  the  hindwing,  paler  and  more 
pinkish. 

"Brazil"  (?  Amazons).     An  old  specimen  in  coll.  Tring  Museum. 

The  shape  and  the  hindleg  more  suggest  a  Somatina  than  a  normal  Semaeopus. 

23.  Trygodes  basisignata  spec.  nov. 

?,  31  mm.  Palpus  with  second  joint  reaching  well  beyond  frons,  third  joint 
long.  Antennal  ciUation  one-half  as  long  as  diameter  of  shaft.  General  colora- 
tion as  in  pliysciata  Feld.  (Reise  Novara,  Lep.  Hep.  t.  128.  f.  8)  or  niobe  Druce, 
occiput  spotted  wth  blackish. 

Forewing  with  a  small,  blackish-green  spot  at  extreme  base  just  in  front 
of  M,  closely  followed  by  two  others  (in  front  of  and  behind  base  of  cell)  ;  lines 
distinct,  grey,  olive-mixed  ;  antemedian  extremely  obUque  outward  subcostally 
(almost  parallel  with  costa),  from  SC  into  cell  nearly  vertical  but  shghtly  den- 
tate, obUque  inward  to  M,  nearly  straight  to  hindmargin  at  two-sevenths  ;  a 
conglomeration  of  ohve-green  central  spots,  narrowly  separated  by  DC' — R' 
and  by  DC-"' ;   anterior  spot  (between  SC  and  DC — R')  wedge-shaped,  those 


386  NOVITATES    ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV.     1917. 

in  and  out.iidc  the  cell  boot-shaped,  the  feet  j)ointing  in  opposite  directions 
(inward  between  cell-fold  and  M,  outward  between  R'  and  R')  ;  a  rather  large 
roundish  spot  between  fSM'  and  base  of  M- ;  postmedian  and  subterminal  hnes 
lunula te-dentate,  their  course  nearly  as  in  niobe  but  with  the  bends  exaggerated, 
the  space  between  them  somewhat  pale  ;  distal  area  shaded  ^^^th  reddish  gre}-, 
especially  between  the  radials  and  at  tornus  ;  some  small  pale  spots  at  termen 
itself,  well  developed  at  apex  ;  terminal  hne  and  fringe  as  in  niobe. Hind- 
wing  without  basal  spots  and  first  hne  ;  cell-patch  recalhng  that  of  physciata, 
but  more  hke  an  animal's  head,  the  neck  (between  M  and  SM°)  narrower,  the 
anterior  part  (at  SC)  broken  into  short  ears. 

Underside  quite  similar  to  that  of  physciata. 

La  Oroya,  Rio  Inambari,  S.E.  Peru,  3,100  ft.,  December  1905,  wet  season 
(G.  R.  Oekcnden).     Type  in  coU.  Tring  Museum. 

24.  Trygodes  viridiplena  spec.  nov. 

<J  ?,  42-47  mm.  Face  hght  reddish  bro\\n,  with  a  variable  admixture  of 
darker  scales  in  middle.  Palpus  with  second  joint  scarcely  reaching  beyond 
face,  third  joint  moderate,  slightly  longer  in  ?  than  in  o  ;  reddish  above, 
ochreous-whitish  beneath.  Vertex  mixed  with  pink,  occiput  with  oUvaceous. 
Antenna  in  5  scarcely  dentate,  ^;^•ith  cihation  httle  longer  than  diameter  of  shaft  ; 
in  $  with  ciliation  over  one-half  diameter  of  shaft.  Collar  and  front  of  thorax 
mixed  with  ochrcous  and  strongl}'  spotted  with  black  ;  thorax  above  otherwise 
vinaceous  pink  with  a  shght  purple  tinge  and  with  sparse  and  minute  black  dots  ; 
abdomen  above  more  reddish  ;  both  beneath  more  or  less  ochreous  ;  tufts  of 
coxae  and  hindtibia  variegated,  as  in  the  alhes. 

Forewing  with  the  terminal  teeth  rather  strong  ;  fleshy  whitish,  along  the 
costal  margin  brighter  pink  ;  some  shght,  irregular  dark  marks  at  base  ;  a  large 
green  patch  in  end  of  cell  (quadrate  or  even  more  extended  longitudinally  than 
transversely),  only  narrowly  separated  by  DC  from  a  large  quadripartite  one 
beyond  (extending  from  SC  to  JM')  and  ])y  M  from  a  supplementary  spot  between 
base  of  M'  and  Jl- ;  a  very  large  green  patch  on  hindmargin,  separated  from  the 
last-named  only  by  M=,  its  proximal  part  reaching  nearly  to  base  and  entering 
the  cell,  its  distal  boundary  rather  beyond  middle  of  wing  ;  an  olive-brownish 
postmedian  hne  close  beyond  the  green  patches,  formed  about  as  in  physciata 
Feld.  ;  subtcrminal  line  farther  from  the  termen  than  in  any  of  the  other  species, 
deeply  lunulate-dentate  and  irregular,  the  inward  curve  between  the  radials 
generally  deep,  always  marked  with  black  at  the  proximal  extremities  of  these 
lunules  and  generally  of  some  of  the  others  ;  a  broad  (between  SC*  and  SO* 
narrowed),  strongly  dentate-edged  band  beyond  this,  the  teeth  on  R'  and  R' 
reaching  the   termen  ;    pale   terminal  area   very  shghtly  dusted  and  with  the 

veins  brown  ;    terminal  hne  black,  thickened  between  the  veins. Hindwing 

with  the  green  patches  in  and  beyond  the  cell  corresponding  to  those  of  the 
forewing  ;  the  hinder  patch  also  large,  but  prolonged  distally,  its  proximal  edge 
curving  outward  till  it  reaches  .SM',  along  which  it  runs  to  near  tornus,  its  distal 
edge  bending  abruptly  at  M=,  along  which  it  runs  for  over  3  mm.,  again  bending 
abruptly  to  join  the  proximal  (posterior)  edge  near  tornus  ;  a  fawn-coloured 
shade  between  the  green  patches  and  costa  ;  outer  part  nearly  as  on  forewing, 
the  fawn-coloured  shade  beyond  subterminal  hne  narrower. 


NOVITATES    ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV.     1917.  387 

Underside  with  similar  but  more  sombre  (dark  grey)  markings. 

San  Esteban,  N.  Venezuela,  June — August  1909  (S.  M.  Klages).  8  <J(J,  2  ?? 
in  coll.  Tring  Museum. 

A  slight  modification  of  this  species,  with  the  green  patch  beyond  the  cell 
broken  into  four  separate  wedges,  is  figured  by  Lruce  {Biol.  Cintr.  Amer.,  Lej). 
Het.  ii.  t.  51.  f.  6,  7)  from  Chiriqui  as  "  musivaria  H.  S." 

25.  Trygodes  niobe  desolata  subsp.  nov. 

(J  9.  Rather  browner  (less  pinkish)  than  n.  niobe  Druce  (Biol.  Centr.  Amer., 
Lep.  Het.  ii.  106.  t.  51.  f.  9,  10)  ;   all  the  spots  small,  very  pale  green. 

Venezuela  :  San  Esteban,  July  1909  (S.  M.  Klages),  3  cJo,  including  type  ; 
June  1909,  1  ?  ;    Valencia,  1  ?.     All  in  coll.  Tring  Museum. 

T.  niobe  niobe  is  known  to  me  from  different  localities  in  Costa  Rica  and 
Peru,  and  will  presumably  be  found  in  Colombia  and  Ecuador. 

26.  Tricentra  allotmeta  spec.  nov. 

(J  9,  19-21  mm.  Very  close  to  T.  airnaria  H.-Sch.  {Samml.  Au.ssereur. 
Schmett.  i.  fig.  194  =  laciniata  Warr.,  Nov.  Zool.  xiv.  223,  syn.  nov.). 

Forexving  with  costal  and  distal  areas  more  clouded  with  grey  ;  subtcrminal 
yellow  Une  finer,  placed  a  little  farther  from  the  termen,  the  interneural  yellow 

dashes  which  run  in  from  the  termen  longer. Hindwing  with  the  yellow  line 

quite  differently  placed,  bending  rather  sharply  at  R'  and  thence  running 
straight  across  the  wing  to  hindmargin  2  mm.  from  tornus  ;  distal  area  as  on 
fore  wing. 

Underside  with  distal  area  less  clear,  showing  traces  of  (or  even  a  moder- 
ately well  developed)  pinkish  cloud  dowii  its  centre. 

Carabaj'a,  S.E.  Peru  :  Rio  Huacamayo,  3,100  ft.,  June  1904,  dry  season, 
type  (J;  La  Oroya,  Rio  Inambari,  3,100  ft.,  November — December  1905,  wet 
season,  2  SS,  January  1906,  wet  season,  1  $.  All  in  coll.  Tring  Museum,  col- 
lected by  G.  R.  Ockcnden. 

I  do  not  think  this  can  be  a  mere  aberration  of  mrnaria,  as  there  is  no  sign 
of  intermediates  ;  nor  is  it  likely  to  be  a  seasonal  form,  though  the  only  two 
La  Oroya  carnaria  wliich  I  have  seen  were  taken  at  other  periods  of  the  year — 
September  1904,  dry  season,  and  March  1905,  wet  season. 

27.  Tricentra  devigescens  spec.  nov. 

<J,  16  mm.  Face  light  yellowish  grey.  Vertex  and  uppersidc  of  thorax 
and  abdomen  concolorous  with  wings  ;  underside  much  paler  and  more  ochreous. 
Hindtibia  with  the  proximal  spur  less  long  than  in  most  species. 

Forewing  light  seal-brown,  inchning  to  grey  ;  apical  region  cream-colour, 
with  shght  dark  dusting,  at  costal  edge  rather  more  ochreous  ;  the  boundary- 
Hne  between  the  two  colour  areas  is  somewhat  lunulatc-dentate  and  runs  from 
before  two-thirds  costa  fairly  straight  to  termen  behind  M'  ;  small  white  dots 
on  DC-  and  DC  ;  fringe  cream-colour,  dark-spotted  opposite  the  veins  in  pos- 
terior part. Hindwing  with  termen  sHghtly  sinuate,  at  least  between  the 

radials  and  at  tornus  ;  ground-colour  and  discal  dots  as  on  forewing  ;  no  apical 
patch  ;    a  lunula te-dentate  cream-coloured  submarginal  line  within   1  mm.  of 


388  NOVITATES    ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV.     1917. 

termen,  inbent  between  the  radials  and  bcliind  i\P ;  fringe  dark-spotted 
throughout. 

Underside  with  distal  area  of  hindwing  pale  from  subterminal  line  to  termen, 
forewing  more  a.s  above. 

Aroewarwa  Creek,  Maroewj'm  Valley,  Surinam,  April  1905  (S.  M.  Klages). 
Tj'pe  in  coll.  Tring  Museum.  A  second  example  from  La  Union,  Rio  Huacamayo, 
Carabaya,  S.E.  Peru,  2,000  ft.,  November  1904,  wet  sea.son  (G.  R.  Ockenden), 
is  slightly  larger. 

28.  Tricentra  flavifigurata  spec.  nov. 

S,  19-20  mm.  Face  pale  straw-colour,  spotted  with  umber  ;  palpus  pale 
beneath.  Vertex  and  thorax  and  abdomen  above  vinaceous,  mixed  -with 
umber  ;    underside  straw-colour. 

Forewing  with  termen  very  sUghtly  concave  anteriorly  to  M',  here  pro- 
minent, thence  very  oblique  ;  vinaceous,  here  and  there  with  umbreous  cloud- 
ings, in  distal  part  with  some  yellow  admixture,  giving  it  a  vaguely  oUvaceous 
tinge  ;  a  thick,  but  not  sharply  defined,  burnt-umber  line  from  beyond  one- 
fourth  costa  to  beyond  one-third  hindmargin,  strongl}'  outbent  in  middle  ;  an 
elongate  naples-yellow  cell-mark,  thickening  at  its  posterior  end  ;  a  dark  costal 
spot  just  beyond,  indicating  the  commencement  of  a  very  weak,  dentate  line  ; 
a  dentate  yellow  subterminal  line,  commencing  at  about  five-sevenths  costa 
(here  accompanied  proximally  by  a  slight  dark  spot),  very  oblique  outward  to 
R',  slightly  so  to  R',  thence  rather  close  to  termen  ;  a  strong  dark  dot  on  fold 
proximally  to  the  subterminal  line  ;  fringe  yellow,  with  a  strong  dark  dot  oppo- 
site M'. Hindwing  with  termen  faintly  waved,  very  slightly  concave  between 

the  radials  ;  vinaceous,  mixed  with  umber  in  proximal  half  (especially  at  base), 
with  yellow  distally  to  the  subterminal  hne  ;  a  large,  complex  naples-yellow 
patch  in  middle,  namely  an  8-shaped  mark  just  outside  the  cell  confluent  in  its 
posterior  half  with  a  large  patch  in  and  just  behind  the  distal  half  of  the  cell 
a.nd  proximally  projecting  a  little  into  the  anterior  half  thereof  ;  on  this  patch 
stand  in  places  some  minute  dark  irrorations.  particularly  in  the  anterior  half 
of  the  8-shapcd  mark  ;  subterminal  yellow  line  more  nearly  parallel  with  termen 
(at  nearly  1  mm.  distant),  rather  deeply  inbent  between  the  radials. 

Forewing  beneath  somewhat  vinaceous,  at  costa  rodder,  at  base  and  hind- 
margin  pale,  cell-mark  eream-colour  ;  distal  border  for  1  or  2  mm.  (most  broadly 
at  apex,  most  narrowly  in  middle)  cream-colour,  from  R'  to  hindmargin  separated 
from  ground-colour  by  a  smoky  band  ;  a  spot  on  fringe  as  above.  Hindwing 
beneath  mostly  cream-colour,  a  complete  smoky  band  continuing  that  of  fore- 
wing. 

La  Oroya,  Rio  Inambari,  Carabaya.  S.H  Peru,  3,100  ft.,  November — 
December  1905,  wet  season  (G.  R.  Ockenden).  Type  in  coll.  Tring  Museum. 
Also  from  Rio  Huacamayo,  Carabaya,  3,100  ft..  June  1904,  dry  season. 

29.  Tricentra  citrinaria  grisescens  subsp.  nov. 

Both  wings  with  the  dark  parts  of  an  almost  uniform  grey,  with  a  slight 
purplish  tinge,  the  hindwing  entirely  without  the  rufous  shades  of  c.  citrinaria 
Warr.  (Nov.  Zool.  xiv.  222).  The  yellow  submarginal  band  on  both  wings  is 
broad  and  pale,  sharply  defined,  though  on  the  hindwing  the  grey  ground-colour 
is  shghtly  mixed  with  yellow  between  the  middle  and  this  band. 


NOVTTATES    ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV.     1917.  389 

Fonte  Boa,  Upper  Amazon,  May  1906  (S.  M.  Klages) ;  type  3  and  an- 
other in  coll.  Tring  Museum.  St.  Jean  de  Maroni,  French  Guiana,  July;  a  <? 
in  coU.  L.  B.  Prout. 


30.  Ptychopoda  combinata  spec.  nov. 

1^  ?,  20-26  mm.  Face  red-brown,  mixed  (except  below)  with  blackish. 
Palpus  ochreous,  on  outer  side  mixed  with  red-brown  and  black.  CrowTi  creamy 
white,  narrowly  edged  behind  with  black.  Antennal  shaft  ochreous,  the  first 
few  joints  white  ;  ciUation  even,  scarcely  longer  than  diameter  of  shaft.  Collar 
orange.  Front  of  thorax  vinaceous,  mixed  with  orange-buff  ;  thorax  and 
abdomen  otlienvi.se  concolorous  with  \\ings,  the  abdomen  v,ith  two  or  three 
blackish  medic-dorsal  spots,  on  the  middle  segments.  Hindtibia  in  S  rela- 
tively long,  dilated,  with  long  hair-pencil  from  base  ;  tarsus  strongly  abbreviated. 

Foreunng  with  areole  rather  small,  all  the  subcostals  well-  or  long-stalked 
from  its  apex  ;  dirty  white,  with  salmon-buff  and  sparse  vinaceous  and  black 
irroration  ;  costal  edge  narrowly  orange-buff  ;  markings  salmon-buff,  almost 
entirely  overlaid  with  black,  consisting  of  large  spots  much  as  in  Pt.  complexaria 
Schaus  {Tr.  Amer.  Ent.  Soc.  xxvii.  257)  ;  antemedian  spot  in  cell  rather  small, 
that  behind  it  large,  somewhat  crescentic,  but  broad,  its  convex  side  turned 
towards  the  base,  that  at  hindmargin  .small,  obhque  ;  median  series  similar, 
but  the  first  two  larger,  the  one  in  (at  end  of)  cell  posteriorly  confluent  with  a 
narrower  extracellular  mark,  behind  which  (at  base  of  R' — M'  and  between  the 
medians)  stand  two  small  lunules  ;  postmedian  fomied  abovit  as  in  complexaria, 
with  rather  marked  proximal  thickening  between  the  radials  and  between  M' 
and  SM',  sUghter  thickening  between  R'  and  M'  and  a  thick  dot  or  dash  at 
hindmargin  ;  beyond  (leaving  free  a  rather  thick,  sinuous  pale  hne)  stands  an 
irregular  row  of  elongate  interncural  dark  marks  between  R'  and  hindmargin, 
the  first  two  and  last  three  wedge-shaped,  those  between  R'  and  M^  larger  and 
broader  ;  subterminal  line  zigzag,  white,  rather  thick,  bounded  proximally  by 
these  spots  ;   a  rather  thick  lavender  Une  at  termen  ;   fringe  pinkish  proximally, 

yellow  distally. Hinclwing  ample,  with   termen  evenly  rounded  ;    8C' — R' 

quite  shortly  stalked  ;  to  bej'ond  the  postmedian  Hne  white,  with  rather  sparse 
irroration,  distally  more  buff,  with  strong  irroration  ;  a  minute  but  distinct 
cell-dot ;  Hnes  very  fine  and  indistinct,  shaped  as  in  fervens  Butl.  {Tr.  Ent.  Soc. 
Land.  1881,  p.  340) ;  subterminal  line  weak  and  interrupted  anteriorly  ;  terminal 
and  fringe  as  on  forewing. 

Underside  whitish,  with  more  or  less  strongly  ochreous  veins,  costal  and 
distal  margins  and  fringes,  the  costal  margin  of  forewing  rather  broad,  more 
reddish  proximally  ;  forewing  wth  the  spots  showing  through  in  grey  and  with 
the  anterior  part  of  an  ochreous  postmedian  Une. 

Surinam  :  Aroewarwa  Creek,  Maroewym  Valley,  July  1905  (type),  March 
and  April  1905  (S.  M.  Klages)  ;  French  Guiana  :  St.  Jean  de  Maroni;  Upper 
Amazon  :  Fonte  Boa,  May  and  July  1906,  Codajas,  April  1906  (S.  M.  Klages)  ; 
aU  in  coll.  Tring  Museum. 

Strongly  recalls  complexaria  Schaus,  in  which,  however,  the  termen  of  the 
hindwing  is  irregularly  bent,  whereas  in  the  present  species  it  is  at  least  as  regular 
as  in  fervens  Butl. 

26 


390  NOVITATES    ZOOLOOICAE    XXIV.     1917. 

31.  Ptychopoda  xanthodeta  spec.  nov. 

<J,  18  mm.  Face  dull  red.  Palpus  slender,  with  terminal  joint  distinct, 
not  minute ;  blackened  on  outer  side.  Crown  yellow,  irrorated  with  red. 
Antennal  shaft  partly  darkened  ;  cilia tion  very  long.  Ihorax  above  deep 
yellow  ;  abdomen  above  shghtly  paler  ;  underside  .still  paler.  Foreleg  long, 
femur  and  tibia  blackened  on  inner  side  ;  hindtibia  shghtly  shorter  than  femur, 
somewhat  thickened,  with  hair-pencil,  tarsus  verj-  slender,  as  long  as  tibia. 

Forcwirig  rather  broad,  costa  gently  arched  distally,  apex  round-pointed, 
termen  obhque,  straight  anteriorly,  then  slightly  curved  ;  areole  long,  SC  aris- 
ing before  its  end  ;  white,  with  yellow  irroration  ;  costal  margin  as  far  as  SC 
mostly  Uver-coloured,  but  rather  irregularly,  with  the  extreme  edge  darkened  ; 
basal  region  mostly  yellow  ;  hnes  thick,  yellow,  very  ill-defined,  the  postmedian 
and  two  subterminals  less  so  ;  postmedian  and  proximal  subterminal  parallel, 
incurved  between  the  radials,  dentate  outward  on  R*  and  M',  shghtly  inter- 
rupted just  behind  M'  ;  distal  subterminal  close  to  termen,  almost  touching  it 
in  places,  less  thick  than  the  ethers,  becoming  thinner  posteriorly  ;  fringe  mixed 
■with  yellow,  especially  anteriorly. Hindwing  with  termen  ver}'  slightly  con- 
cave between  the  radials,  otherwise  fairlj-  regular  ;  as  forewing,  or  slightly 
clearer,  costal  margin  concolorous. 

Forewing  beneath  with  shght  reddish-smoky  sufiusions  anteriorlj%  especially 
in  cell,  whitish  posteriorly  ;  two  weak,  ill-defined,  rather  thick  darker  Unes 
indicated  in  distal  area  between  costal  margin  and  M'.  Hindwing  beneath 
whitish,  unmarked. 

San  Antonio,  W.  Colombia,  5,800  ft.,  December  1907  {M.  G.  Palmer).  Type 
m  coll.  L.  B.  Prout. 

32.  Ptychopoda  calhpepla  spec.  nov. 

(J  ?,  12-13  mm.  Face  and  upperside  of  palpus  purphsh.  Vertex  and  base 
of  antenna  more  rosy  ;  antennal  joints  in  S  shghtly  projecting,  Ihe  ciliation 
very  long  and  fine.  Thorax  in  front  cadmium  jcHow,  behind  rosy  ;  abdomen 
above  rosy,  mixed  with  dark  plum-eolcur,  sometimes  wholly  overlaid  with  the 
latter  shade  ;    anal  extremity  yellow  ;    underside  paler. 

Forewing  with  SC  arising  before  apex  of  areole,  M'  generally  stalked  ; 
yellow,  with  a  spot  of  deeper  yellow  at  base  ;  a  subbasal  pink  fascia,  more  or 
less  strongly  overlaid,  except  at  its  edges,  with  dark  plum-colour  ;  a  large, 
round-oval  subapical  patch  extending  from  costa  to  M',  its  central  part  blackish, 
mixed  with  iridescent  blue  and  shghtly  with  pink  (producing  a  general  eii'ect 
of  dark  plum-purple),  its  circumference  geranium  pink,  the  proportion  of  the 

two   colours  variable. Hindwmg  rather  narrow  and  elongate,  SC  and   JP 

both  stalked  ;  a  moderately  broad  yellow  distal  border,  shghtly  broadest  at 
apex  and  extending  some  distance  along  costa  ;  the  rest  of  the  wing  dark 
plum-purple,  bordered  distally  (to  a  variable  width,  correlated  to  the  coloration 
of  the  forewing)  with  geranium  pink. 

Underside  similar,  though  slightly  paler. 

Jamaica,  August  1898  (W.  J.  Kaye),  type  <J,  and  Moneague,  January  20, 
1905  (Lord  Walsingham),  paratype  ?,  both  in  coll.  British  Museum.  Also  2  $?, 
merely  labelled  "  Jamaica,"  in  coll.  Tring  Museum. 


NOVITATES    ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV.     1917.  391 

33.  Cyllopoda  gibbifrons  spec.  nov. 

(J,  32  mm.  ;  9,  37-39  mm.  Face  (especially  in  the  S)  even  more  strongly 
protuberant  than  in  postica  Walk.  (List.  Ley.  Ins.  ii.  371)  ;  black  above,  becom- 
ing pale  below.  Orbital  rim  white,  mixed  with  a  few  yellow  scales.  Palpus  the 
same,  with  third  joint  and  part  of  upperside  of  second  joint  blackish  ;  rather 
short,  with  third  joint  rather  small.  Antennal  pectinations  much  shorter  than 
in  postica — less  than  twice  diameter  of  shaft.  Crown  black.  Thorax  and 
abdomen  above  black  ;  tegula  with  a  yellow  spot  in  front.  Breast  white,  mixed 
with  j'ellow.  Abdomen  yellow  on  side,  white  beneath.  Legs  predominantly 
grey  to  blackish  ;  hindleg  in  J  whitish,  the  tibia  with  a  pair  of  very  short,  very 
thick  terminal  spurs,  tarsus  at  least  half  as  long  as  tibia. 

Foreu'ing  with  areole  double  ;  bright  gamboge-yellow  ;  the  black  costal 
border  in  <J  15  mm.  broad,  in  ?  2  mm.  ;  in  addition,  a  few  scattered  black  scales 
behind  this  and  nearly  always  a  blackening  of  vein  M  ;  the  usual  black  distal 
region  and  enclosed  yellow  spot,  the  latter  ciuite  narrow  at  C,  \videning  rather 
rapidly,  entering  the  cell,  but  not  deeply,  ending  at  M'  ;    apical  fringe  white. 

Hindwing  with  the  black  border  in  both  sexes  on  an  average  a  little  wider 

than  in  postica,  narrowing  rather  suddenly  at  tornus. 

Underside  similar,  the  distal  border  of  the  hindwing  in  cJ  shghtly  narrowed. 

Venezuela  :  Suapure,  March  1,  1899,  type  S,  February— March  1899,  7  ?? 
(S.  M.  Klages)  ;  Maipures,  Orinoco,  December  1898,  1  <J  (Cherrie).  All  in  coll. 
Tring  Museum. 

In  posiiui  Walk.,  apart  from  the  above-mentioned  distinctions,  the  black 
distal  border  of  the  forewing  bends  obUquelj'  inward  at  hindmargin,  which  is 
not,  or  scarcely,  the  case  in  gihhifrons.  Like  postica  Walk.,  latiflava  Warr.  (Nov. 
ZooL.  xii.  312),  and  a  few  others,  this  species  is  intermediate  between  true 
Cyllopoda  and  Flavinia  *),  agreeing  with  the  former  in  the  double  areole,  with 
the  latter  in  the  less  elongate  palpus.  Perhaps  all  form  a  single  genus  ;  com- 
pare variability  of  areole  in  the  following  species. 

34.  Cyllopoda  expansifascia  spec.  nov. 

(J,  39  mm.  Similar  to  latiflava  Warr.  (Nov.  Zool.  xii.  312).  Palpus,  as  in 
that  species,  with  third  joint  rather  short.  Antennal  pectinations  shorter  than 
in  latiflava — scarcely  twice  diameter  of  shaft.  Hindtibia  with  strong  ochreous 
tufts.     Abdomen  beneath  yellowish  white. 

Forewing  with  areole  generall}'  double  ;  coloration  as  in  latiflava  ;  the  black 
posterior  border  proximally  reaching,  distally  just  crossing  SM^ ;  the  j'ellow 
proximal  patch  less  triangular  than  in  latiflava,  its  distal  border  more  oblique, 
rounded  rather  than  angled  where  it  meets  the  costal  border  at  SC,  rounded 
also  at  its  outer  end  (between  M  and  SM')  ;  the  transverse  black  band  in  conse- 
quence expanding  strongly,  though  gradually,  anteriorly  and  rather  abruptly 

posteriorly  ;    distal   yellow    patch   moderately   broad. Hindiving   with    the 

black  distal  border  slightly  broader  than  in  latiflava,  above  extending  a  little 
way  along  costal  margin,  beneath  running  narrowly  along  this  margin  halfway 
to  base  ;    abdominal  margin  above  and  beneath  narrowly  black  in  distal  half 

•  Flavinia  Walk.,  Liet.  Lep.  Ina.  ii.  369(1854),  =  Alyria  (Hb.  Zutr.  ii.  31,  indeecr.)  H.-Sch  , 
Samml.  Aueeereur.  Schmtll.  i.   19  (1856). 


392  NOVITATES    ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV.     1917. 

(in  latifiava  only  the  fringe  is  here  blackened)  ;  SC  usually  blackened  at  base, 
at  least  beneath. 

Bolivia  :  Charaplaya,  65°  W.  long.,  16°  S.  lat.,  1,300  m.,  June  1901  (Simons). 
Type  in  coll.  Tring  Museum.  Also  from  Peru  :  San  Remon,  3,000  ft.,  June — 
August  1903  ;  Rio  Colorado,  2,500  ft.,  July— August  1903  (Watkins  and  Tcm- 
linson),  in  coll.  British  Museum  et  coll.  Joicey. 

In  two  San  Remon  examples  the  areole  is  broad,  undivided.  C.  breviplaga 
Dogn.  (Anil.  Soc.  Ent.  Belg.  1.  108).  if  I  have  rightly  determined  a  3  from 
Charape,  N.  Peru  (in  it  I  should  not  call  the  black  border  of  hindwing  "  broad  "), 
has  the  proximal  yellow  patch  of  forewing  shorter  and  not  entering  the  cell, 
SC  of  hinchving  not  blackened  at  base,  antennal  pectinations  rather  less  short 
and  stout  (areole  double). 

35.  Cyllopoda  nigrivena  spec.  nov. 

?,  39-42  mm.  Face  black.  Palpus  with  second  just  reaching  about  to 
irons,  third  joint  moderate,  rather  robust  ;  black,  first  joint  beneath  whitish. 
Cheek  white.  Vertex  black.  Thorax  and  abdomen  mostly  black  or  blackish  ; 
tegula  with  a  yeUow  line  or  narrow  streak  from  base  ;  pectus  marked  with 
yellow  ;    abdomen  with  a  yellow  lateral  stripe. 

Forewing  moderately  broad,  with  apex  moderately  rounded  ;  areole  double  ; 
yellow,  with  rather  broad  black  borders  and  black  band  from  tornus  to  mid- 

costa  ;    vein  M    black. Hindiving  with  moderately  broad  costal  and  distal 

borders  and  a  narrower,  proximal!}'  tapering  abdominal  border,  which  does  not 
reach  the  base. 

Underside  similar  ;  posterior  border  of  forewing  grey  rather  than  black, 
median  vein  only  dusted  with  black  ;  the  extreme  costal  margin  of  hindwing 
from  base  to  middle  usually  j-ellow. 

Brazil:  Novo  Friborgo,  tj'pe  ;  "  Tipuca  "  (?  Tijuca).  In  coll.  Tring 
Museum. 

I  at  first  took  this  for  an  aberration  of  diibia  Schaus  (Proc.  Zool.  Soc.  Land. 
1892,  p.  286),  but  that  has  the  areole  single;  moreover,  the  costal  yellow  edge 
of  hindwing  beneath  is  much  reduced  or  wanting  and  the  palpus  appears 
somewhat  stouter. 

SuBFAM.  LARENTIINAE. 
36.  Eois  hyriaria  (Warr.). 

Psilocamhogia  hyriaria  Warr.,  Nov.  Zool.  i.  39G  (1894). 

As  often  occurs  in  Warren's  earlier  work,  the  type-specimen  is  not  indicated 
in  the  published  account  The  type  label,  however,  is  affixed  to  the  ?,  and  as 
this  alone  bears  a  locahty  label  (St.  George's  [?  British  Guiana],  November  1891, 
C.  W.  Ellacombe),  this  is  the  best  selection.  According  to  Warren's  manuscript, 
the  species  sinks  to  conlractcda  Walk.  (List.  Lep.  Ins.  xxii.  671),  from  the 
Amazons.  I  have  not  yet  made  a  critical  comparison,  but  see  nothing  against 
the  union. 

The  generic  name  Eois  Hb.  belongs  to  the  few  South  American  species  of 
the  Camhogia  group  with  non-pectinate  S  antenna  ;  should  the  distinction,  as 
I  fear,  prove  to  be  subgeneric  only,  Guende's  weU-knowii  name  of  Camhogia  will 
have  to  sink. 


XOVITATES    ZOOLOGICAB    XXIV.     1917.  393 


SUPPLEMENTAL  NOTES  TO  MR.  CHARLES  OBERTHtJR'S 
FAUNE  DBS  LEPIDOPTERES  DE  LA  BARBARIE,  WITH 
LISTS  OF  THE  SPECIMENS  CONTAINED  IN  THE  TRING 
MUSEUM. 

{Continued  from  p.  373.) 
By  LORD  ROTHSCHILD,  F.R.S.,  Ph.D. 

DREFANIDAi:. 

[Drepana  binaria  (Hufn,). 

MR.  OBERTHUR,  while  stating  that  hinaria  uncinida  Borkh.  is  not  only 
found  in  Algeria  but  also  in  the  south  of  Europe,  seems  to  hint  that  in 
Mauretania  the  form  uncinula  and  its  extreme ora?iaJta  Strand  with  intermediates 
are  all  that  occur.  The  Tring  Museum  possesses  29  Mauretanian  examples  and 
not  a  single  one  is  uncinula..  The  example  taken  by  Dr.  Jordan  and  myself  at 
Guelt-es-Stel  is  a  very  large  and  strongly  characterised  oranaria  ;  1  Guelt-es- 
Stel  taken  by  Faroult  and  5  taken  by  him  at  Ain  I  raham  are  pale  yellowish 
brown ;  2  taken  near  Alger  by  ourselves,  2  taken  at  Tala  Rana  by  Dr.  Nissen, 
and  3  taken  at  Ain  Draham  by  Faroult  are  brownish-cinnamon  colour  ;  while 
15  from  Ain  Draham  are  more  or  less  intermediate  between  the  two  last.  This 
strong  variation  in  Mauretania  would  lead  me  to  consider  all  the  forms  of 
hinaria  as  simply  individual  aberrations  of  a  highly  variable  species,  but  the 
fact  remains  that  the  brownish-orange  form  found  in  the  northern  parts  of 
Europe  is  apparently  absent  from  the  Mediterranean  regions,  so  for  the  present 
I  shall  retain  the  southern  form  as  a  subspecies  under  the  name  of  uncin^da.^^ 

109.  Drepana  binaria  uncinula  (Borkh.). 

Phalatna  uncinula  Borkhauscn,  Sysl.  Bcschr.  Europ.  Schmett.  vol.  iii.  p.  401  {1790)  (Italy). 

This  insect  appears  to  be  rare  in  Mauretania  ;    we  have  only  taken  three 
ourselves. 

2  Guelt-es-Stel,  April  1912-1913,  W.  R.,  K.  J.,  and  Faroult. 

2  Environs  d'Alger,  February— May  1908,  W.  R.,  E.  H.,  and  K.  J. 

2  Tala  Rana,  September  1910,  Dr.  Nissen. 

23  Ain  Draham,  July — August  1911,  Faroult. 

110.  Cilix  glaucata  glaucata  (Scop.). 

Phalatna  glaucata  Scopoli,  Entom.  Cam.  p.  221  (1763)  (C'arniolia). 

I  have  no  specimens  from  Mauretania  in  which  the  glaucous  smear  is  \\ant- 
ing  as  shown  by  Mr.  Oberthiir. 

1  Masser  Mines,  June  1914,  Faroult. 

2  Hammam  Meskoutine,  April  1914,  W.  R.  and  K.  J. 

3  Souk  Ahras,  April  1914,  W.  R.  and  K.  J. 

I  mentioned  in  my  introductory  notes  to  the  first  part  of  this  article  that 
it  was  very  disconcerting  to  find  in  the  middle  of  a   Fauna  of  Barbary  the 


394  NOVITATES    ZOOLOOICAE    XXIV.    1917. 

descriptions  of  a  number  of  Thibetan  Drejmnidae,  but  Mr.  Oberthiir  has  gone 
further  than  this  and  has  described  a  new  species  of  Cilix  from  Ta-Tsien-Lu 
in  the  text  of  the  paragraph  relating  to  Cilix  glaucata. 

MEGAZ.OF  Y6ID  AE . 

Dr.  Jordan  has  written  a  pieliminar}-  article  on  these  (Novit.  Zool.  xxiii. 
pp.  350-358  (1916));  and  as  I  hope  he  will  soon  be  able  to  write  more  exhaust- 
ively and  finallj'  on  this  group,  I  am  leaving  them  out  of  this  paper.  I  will 
onlj'  state  that  we  now  have  at  Tring  considerably  more  than  1,000  (Jo  of  the 
various  species  of  Somdbrachys,  and  that  we  see  nothing  as  yet  to  alter  our 
opinion  that  there  are  only  3  species  with  a  large  number  of  aberrations,  and 
not,  as  Mr.  Oberthiir  believes,  at  least  18  species  and  2  subspecies. 

ABCTIIOAE. 

Arctianae. 

111.  Ocnogyna  boetica  albescens  (Oberth.). 

Trichosoma  boelica  ab.  atbescenaOheithm,  Elud.  Lipidop.  Comp.  Faso.  XIII.  p.  8.  pi.  odxxxv.  f.  3745 
(I9I7)  (Larabtee). 

It  is  unfortunate  that  the  name  mauretanica  given  to  the  Mauretanian  form 
of  this  insect  is  preocoupied,  so  that  Oberthiir's  name  given  to  an  aberration  is 
the  only  available  one.  The  Mauretanian  race  of  0.  boetica  is,  when  a  long 
series  is  examined,  generally  larger  and  always  with  the  white  markings  purer 
and  more  pronounced  than  in  the  typical  Spanish  form. 

I  have  2  Ain  Draham  specimens  which  are  enormous,  fully  two-fifths 
larger  than  any  Spanish  specimens. 

76  <JcJ  Environs  de  Batna.  1909-1912,  Nelva  coll. 
1  (J,  2  ??  Sebdou,  1880-1882,  Dr.  Codet  ex  coll.  Grum-Grshmailo. 
1  cJ  Boghari,  November  1912,  Faroult. 
6  <J(J,  4  ?$  Hussein  Dey,  December  1912,  Captain  Holl. 
1  <J,  4  $?  Souk  Ahras  (larvae  April  1914,  emerged  Tring,  November  1914), 
W.  R.  and  K.  J. 

In  British  Museum,  2  o(J,  1  ?  "Algiers,"  Heyne. 

112.  Ocnogyna  adaena  mauretanica  (Lucas). 

Trichosoma  mauretanica  Lucas,  Explor.  Scient.  d'Alg.  Zool.  Anim.  Art.  vol.  iii.  p.  376.  pi.  3.  f.  5 
(1849)  (Cercle  de  Lacalle). 

Fabricius  in  Mant.  Ins.  vol.  ii.  p.  )23.  No.  130  (1787)  described  the  typical 
form  of  this  insect  from  Spain  which  was  later  on  called  pierreti  by  Rambur, 
Bull.  Soc.  Ejit.  France,  1841,  p.  xxvii.  pi.  5.  f.  1  (Andalusia). 

The  Mauretanian  examples  fall  into  3  subspecies,  the  above  from  the  coast 
and  Hants  Plateaux  east  of  Alger  to  Tunis,  one  from  Alger  and  neighbour- 
hood, and  one  from  Djerba  Islands,  Tunisia. 

1  (J  Bone,  Max  Bartel.  ' 

10  (J (J,  2  ??  Mauretania,  Staudingcr  and  Grum-Grshmailo  coll. 

In  the  British  Museum,  2  Jjj,  1  ?,  Bone,  Algeria. 


XOVITATES    ZOOLORICAE    XXIV.     1917.  396 

113.  Ocnogyna  adaena  huegenini  (Oberth.). 

Trichosoma  huegenini  Obsrthiir,  Etud.  Enlom.  liv.  iii.  p.  42  (1878)  (Alger). 

This  is  the  Alger  form  with  hardly  any  marks  on  the  forewing  and  two 
oblique  bars  on  the  hindwing  which  Mr.  Oberthiir  also  called  gandolphii.  It 
is  the  most  constant  form. 

13  (?,J,  3  ??  Environs  d'Alger,  Dr.  Nissen,  Captain  Holl. 
1  (J  Medea,  1884,  Dr.  Kobelt. 

1  S  Alger,  M.  Bartel  in  the  British  Museum. 


114.  Ocnogyna  adaena  pallida  subsp.  nov. 

(J.  Differs  from  the  other  forms  of  adaena  in  the  very  pale  forewings  and 
in  the  pale  portions  of  the  hindwings,  being  greyish  white  not  yellow  or  orange. 
9.  Differs  in  being  dirty  grey  not  black. 
Hah.  Djerba  Island,  Tunisia. 

1   (J,  1  $  Djerba  Island. 

In  the  British  Museum  is  1  o  from  El  Esnam. 

[Mr.  Oberthiir  places  brcveti  Oberth.  next,  but  as  that  belongs  to  another 
genus  it  must  follow  Ocnogyna]. 

115.  Ocnogyna  pudens  (Lucas). 

Trichosoma  piulens'L\ico,%,  Ann.  Soc.  Eiitom.  France,  ser.  iii.  vol.  i.  p.  410.  pi.  33.  f.  1  (1853)  (Spain). 

This  is  a  very  variable  species,  the  ground-colour  varies  from  deep  brown- 
grey  to  bright  rufous  and  the  forewings  vary  from  being  almost  devoid  of  dark 
markings  through  grades  showing  a  few  scattered  dark  spots  to  definite  discal 
bands  of  spots,  and  finally  to  complete  dark  transverse  bands.  The  Tring 
Museum  possesses  31  specimens. 

1  S  Mauretania,  Grum-Grshimailo  coll. 

6  cJ(J  "Algiers,"  Staudinger. 

1  (J,  1  ?  Environs  d'Alger,  Captain  Holl. 

1  $  El  Biar,  Alger,  Captain  Holl. 

15  <J(J,  4  ??  Blida  les  Glacieres,  April— June  1908-1916,  W.  R.  and  K.  J., 
Dr.  Nissen,  Captain  Holl,  Faroult. 

2  iJ<J  Hammam  R'ihra,  May  1912,  W.  R.  and  K.  J. 

In  the  British  Museum  are  Z  S,^  :  I  Algeria,  Mrs.  do  la  B.  NichoU,  1  Algeria 
and  1  Bone,  Dr.  Vallantin. 

110.  Ocnogyna  leprieuri  (Oberth.). 

Spiloaoma  leprieuri  Oberthiir,  Etud.  EiUom.  liv.  iii.  p.  43.  pi.  5.  f.  2  (1878)  (Bflne). 

We  have  never  taken  this  rare  insect,  and  I  have  never  received  it  from 
any  of  my  Algerian  correspondents. 

2  (J (J,  1  5  Philippeville,  Staudinger. 

In  the  British  Museum  are  1  o,  1  $  from  Philippeville. 


396  NOVITATES    ZOOLOOICAE    XXIV.    1017. 

117.  Phragmatobia  faroulti  Rothsch. 

Phragmatobia  faroulti  Rothschild,  Ann.  Mag.  Nat.  Hist.  (8)  viii.  p.  233.  No.  5  (1911)  (Bou  Saada). 
The  type  specimen,  a  very  perfect  (J,  has  remained  unique  to  the  present 
day.     Mr.  Oberthiir  omits  this  entirely  from  his  Faune,  as  usual,  I  suppose, 
because  he  considers  it  non-existent,  o^ving  to  its  not  having  been  figured. 

1    (3  Bou  Saada,  May  1911,  Faroult. 

118.  Phragmatobia  breveti  (Oberth.). 

Trichosoma  breviti  Obprthiir,  Bull.  Sor..  Entom.  France,  1882.  p.  cisxiv  (Tlemoen). 

We  have  taken  this  ourselves  on  three  occasions  ;  it  is  nowhere  very  com- 
mon but  appears  to  be  most  numerous  at  Bou  Saada.  The  ?  appears  to  be 
unknown. 

1  Ain  Sefra,  May  1913,  W.  R,  and  E.  H. 
53  Bou  Saada,  April  1911,  Faroult. 

1  Biskra,  March  1909,  W\  R.  and  E.  H. 

2  El  Kantara,  March  1911,  W.  R.,  E.  H,,  and  Faroult. 
2  Aflou,  September  1916,  Faroult. 

One  of  the  Bou  Saada  specimens  has  the  hindwings  yellow  instead  of  pink, 
and  the  forewings  are  suffused  with  yellow  ;  I  propose  the  name  ab.  flava  ab. 
nov.  for  it. 

In  the  British  Museum  is  1  Bou  Saada  c.x  Tring  Museum. 

119.  Phragmatobia  powelli  (Oberth.). 

Trichosoma  poiwlli  Oberthiir.  Bull.  Soc.  Entom.  France,  1910.  p.  333  (Geryrille). 

Mr.  Oberthiir,  in  his  Etudes  Comparees,  Fasc.  XIII.  p.  9,  is  now  of  opinion 
that  this  insect  is  only  an  aberration  of  P.  breveti.  I  have  only  seen  one  speci- 
men of  poiceUi,  a  S  captured  by  Dr.  Nissen  at  Ain  Sefra  in  May  1913,  when  we 
were  there  together.  It  is  so  unlike  any  of  the  55  specimens  I  have  of  breveti 
that  for  the  present  I  prefer  to  keep  it  separate. 

Mr.  Oberthiir  considers  these  three  insects  and  tlic  following  to  belong  to 
the  genus  Ocnogyna  =  Trichosoma  ;  but  their  ncuration  undoubtcdlj'  places 
them  in  PJaagmatobia .  The  question  of  the  abortive  wings  of  ?  powelli  I  think 
we  may  disregard,  as  in  the  genus  Cymbalophora,  which  is  a  very  well  charac- 
terised and  circumscribed  genus,  pudica,  powelli.  diva,  and  oertzeni  have  $$  with 
fully  developed  wings  ;    while  rivularis  and  haroldi  have  ??  with  abortive  wings. 

120.  Phragmatobia  occidentalis  (Roth.sch.). 

Mcurtas  breveti  occidentalis  RotlischikI,  Noi-it.  Zoo/,  vol.  xvii.  p.  119.  No.  845a  (1910)  (Mazagan). 

This  species  differs  from  P.  breveti  in  its  much  stouter  build  ;  in  the  fore- 
wings  having  much  fewer  spots  and  frequently  a  complete  subterminal  curved 
transverse  black  band,  and  in  the  hindwings  being  duller  and  browner  and 
having  a  heavier  subniarginal  band  of  black  patches.  Some  specimens,  how- 
ever, are  more  spotted  than  others. 

3  Mwhoila,  near  Mazagan,  Morocco,  VV.  Riggenbacli. 
23  Mazagan,  January— October  1902-1903,  W.  Riggenbach, 


XOVITATBS    ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV.     1917.  "97 

121.  Phragmatobia  fuliginosa  kroumira  Oberth. 

Phragmatohia  jidiginosa  form,  kroumira  Oberthiir,  Eiiid.  Lepid.  Comp.  Faso.  XIII.  p.  II.  t.  cdxxxv. 
f.  3751  (1917)  (Ain  Drahani). 

We  have  never  taken  this  species. 

C  Environs  de  Setif,  1911,  Faroult. 
3  Khenchela,  June  1911,  Faroult. 
43  Ain  Drahani,  August — September  1911,  Faroult. 

[Apantesis  fasciata  and  its  allies. 

Mr.  Oberthiir  is  convinced  that  fasciata'  Esp.,  dido  Wagn.,  and  oberthuri 
Oberth.  (Stdgr.  in  litt.)  are  three  very  distinct  species.  I  confess  that  I  cannot 
convince  myself  of  this,  for  tlie  three  forms  replace  one  another  geographically : 
fasciata  being  only  found  north  of  the  Mediterranean  ;  oberthuri.  being  confined 
to  Algeria  west  of  Hammam  Meskoutine  and  in  the  Province  of  Alger  ;  and 
dido  is  only  found  east  of  Hammam  Meskoutine  and  in  Western  Tunisia.  It 
might  be  urged  that  while  in  Europe  we  have  three  distinct  races  of  fasciata, 
there  appears  to  be  no  connecting  link  between  that  form  and  oberthuri  (which 
link  would  be  expected  in  the  Oranais)  ;  this  is  true,  but  the  character  of  the 
pattern  of  the  wings  is  so  similar  and  their  geograpMcal  distribution  so  regular 
that  I  feel  almost  certain  they  are  merely  geographical  races  of  one  species.] 

122a,  Apantesis  fasciata  oberthuri  (Oberth.). 

Chelonia  nbcrlhiiri  Oberthiir  (ex   Staudinger  in  litt.),  Etiid.  Eniom.  liv.  xiii.  p.  27.  pi.  7.  ff.  47-48 
(1890)  (I-ambeze). 

We  only  took  this  insect  once  at  night  at  Blida  les  Glacieres,  but  Dr.  Har- 
tert  found  a  full-gro-rtTi  larva  on  Djebel  Mahmel  from  which  I  bred  a  fine  ?. 

1  ?  Djebel  Mahmel  (ex  larva).  E.  H. 

2  S3  Blida  les  Glacieres,  June  1908,  W.  R.  and  K.  J. 

28  cJcJ,  34  5?  Blida  les  Glacieres  (all  reared  from  the  eggs  of  1$),  Captain  Holl. 

2  "  Algeria  "  in  the  British  Museum. 

1226.  Apantesis  fasciata  dido  (Wagn.). 

Eiiprepia  dido  Wagner,  Reiner  Regent  Algier,  vol.  iii.  p.  209.  t.  9  (1841)  (Algeria). 

We  have  never  taken  this  insect  nor  did  Faroult  send  it  to  me.  One  of 
the  o  o  has  the  ground-colour  of  the  forewings  brown-grey  instead  of  liver-brown. 

5  (J (J,  2  $9  Ain  Drahara,  Staudinger. 

1  (J  Le  Tarif,  Tunisia. 

2  "  Tunis  "  in  the  British  Museum. 

123a.  Arctia  villica  arabum  (Oberth.). 

Chelonia  villica  arabmn  Oberthiir,  Etiid.  Lipid.  Comp.  Fasc.  IV.  p.  678.  No.  447.  pi.  liii.  f.  447  (I9I0) 
(Bougie). 

We  have  taken  this  insect  at  Hammam  R'ihra  and  Blida  les  Glacieres.  We 
did  not  find  it  very  rare,  but  the  numlier  of  bad  specimens  was  very  large,  so 


398  XOVITATES    ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV.     11)17. 

that  the  number  retained  for  the  collection  is  not  very  great  in  proportion  to 
those  seen  or  captured. 

16  BHda  les  Glacieres,  June  1906-1908,  W.  R.,  K.  J.,  and  Dr.  Nissen. 
18  Hammam  R'ihra,  May  1908-1911,  W.  R.,  E.  H.,  and  K.  J. 
7  Djebel  Zaccar  above  Miliana,  June  1916,  Faroult. 

2  Oued  Hamidou,  June  1912,  Faroult. 

1236.  Arctia  villica  angelica  (Boisd.). 

Chdonia  villica  var.  an/jelica  Boisdvival,  Gen.  el  Ind.  Meth.  Europ.  Lipid,  p.  42  (1829)  (Spain). 

This  form  1  do  not  possess  from  Mauretania,  and  I  believe  it  has  hitherto 
only  been  recorded  from  Spain.  However,  there  are  two  S3  from  Tangiers  in 
the  British  Museum  w  liich  are  identical  with  my  series  of  angelica  collected  by 
Dr.  Jordan  in  Portugal  and  are  absolutely  distinct  from  arahum. 

124.  Cymbalophora  pudica  (Esper). 

Bombyjs  pudica  Esper,  Schmeit.  vol.  iii.  p.  177.  pi.  33.  f.  4  (1784)  (?). 

I  described  the  Mauretanian  form  as  pudica  magnified,  Novit.  Zool.  vol.  xxi. 
p.  354.  No.  316.  I  find,  however,  that  my  diagnosis  only  fits  the  scries  I  have 
from  Ain  Draham,  and  I  have  since  received  specimens  from  north  of  the  Medi- 
terranean quite  as  large  and  bright  as  any  Ain  Draham  ones.  I  therefore  have 
come  to  the  conclusion  that  I  cannot  maintain  my  magnified .  We  have  never 
taken  this  insect. 

1  Mazagan,  ^Morocco,  October  1902,  W.  Riggenbach. 
34  Rabat,  A.  Thery. 

3  Tangier,  September — November  1908. 

7  Environs  d'Alger,  September  1905 — 1908,  Dr.  Nissen. 
3  Guelt-es-Stel,  September  1912,  Faroult. 
1  Ferregaux,  October  1915,  Faroult. 
72  Ain  Draham,  September  1910-1911,  Faroult. 
1  Sidi-bel-Abbes,  October  1916,  Rotrou. 

1   (J  Morocco,  Meade-Waldo,  in  the  British  Museum. 

125.  Cymbalophora  powelli  Oberth. 

Cymbalophora  powelli  Oberthiir,  Bull.  Soc.  ICntom.  France,  1910.  p.  333  (Geryville). 

We  have  never  been  in  Algeria  in  the  autumn  so  have  never  taken  this 
species. 

1  (J  Geryville,  September  1910,  H.  Powell  ex  coll.  Oberthiir. 

118  cJtJ,  10  ??  Guelt-es-Stel,  September— October  1912-1913,  Dr.  Nissen  and 
Faroult. 

2  Guelt-es-Stel  in  British  Museum  ex  Tring  Museum. 

126.  Cymbalophora  haroldi  Oberth. 

Cymbalophora  haroldi  Oberthiir,  Etud.  Lipid.  Comp.  Fasc.  V^.  p.  123  (1911)  (.\flou). 

On  pages  197-198  Fasc.  VI.  of  his  Etudes  Comfarees,  Mr.  Oberthiir  draws 
attention  to  the  opinion  expressed  by  Mr.  Harold  Powell  on  page  221  of  the 
same  Fascicule  that  haroldi  is  generically  distinct  from  pudica  and  proceeds  to 


XOVITATES    ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV.     1917.  399 

adopt  for  haroldi  the  generic  term  TympanopJiora  of  Laboulbene.  Now,  Mr. 
Oberthiir  in  Fasc.  VI.  of  his  Etudes  Comparees,  on  pp.  149-151,  tells  us  most 
precisely  that  in  1864  Rambur  and  Laboulbene  quite  independently  of  one 
another  erected  for  the  species  pndica  Esper  the  genera  Cymbalophora  and 
Tympanophora,  both  having  reference  to  the  peculiar  stridulating  organ  of  the 
(J.  Rambur's  name  of  Cymbalophora  has  several  months'  priority.  The  Inter- 
national Rules  of  Nomenclature,  however,  declare  that  "  generic "  as  well  as 
"  specific  "  names  which  apply  to  one  and  the  same  species  or  group  of  species 
are  synonyms  and  cannot  be  used  for  anything  else  at  a  future  time.  There- 
fore Mr.  Oberthiir's  use  of  Tympanophora  for  haroldi,  now  that  he  considers  it 
different  generically  from  pudica,  is  absolutely  inadmissible,  as  Tympanophora 
is  an  absolute  synonym  by  "  Iffonotypy "  of  Cymbalophora,  the  latter  having 
priority  by  several  months.  The  erection  of  a  new  generic  name  for  haroldi 
does  not,  however,  in  my  opinion,  arise  ;  for  Sir  George  Hampson,  to  whom  I 
submitted  my  haroldi,  says  that  it  decidedly  belongs  to  Cymbalophora  and  stands 
nearest  to  rivularis,  with  which  it  shares  the  phenomenon  of  abortive  wings  in 
the  $. 

1  (J  Guvlt-es-St«l,  September  1913,  Faroult. 

2  SS,  1  9  Aflou,  September  1911,  H.  Powell  ex  coll.  Oborthiir. 

The  specimen  from  Guelt-es-Stel  is  identical  with  Mr.  Oberthiir's  fig.  1046, 
pi.  c.Kix.  Etud.  Lipid.  Comp.  VI.  ;  one  of  the  2  (J (J  from  Aflou  i.s  like  fig.  1045 
of  the  same  plate,  wliile  the  second  is  intermediate  both  in  size  and  colour  ;  the 
?  is  intermediate  in  shape  between  the  2  $?  £f.  1048  and  1049  on  above  plate, 
but  has  more  black  on  the  forewings  than  either.  While  at  Aflou  this  insect  is 
so  abundant  as  to  be  a  perfect  pest  and  scourge,  devouring  all  the  barley,  on  the 
Hants  Plateaux  of  the  Provinces  of  Alger  and  Constantine  it  appears  very  rare, 
the  only  specimens  recorded  being  my  single  Guelt-es-Stel  ^  and  2  cJcJ  taken  by 
Harold  Powell  at  Lambcssa.  (In  addition  to  my  above  remarks  on  Tympano- 
phora it  is  quite  precluded  from  use  in  Mr.  Oberthiir's  sense,  as  it  was  applied  to 
a  genus  of  Orthoptera  by  White  in  1841.) 


127a.  Euprepia  libyssa  libyssa  Piingl. 

Euprcpid  libi/ssa  Piingler,  Societ.  Eiiiom.  xxii.  p.  25  (1907)  (Magenta). 

On  p.  162  of  Fasc.  VI.  of  his  Etudes  Comparees,  Mr.  Oberthiir  records  the 
fact  that  Count  Turati  had  already  discovered  that  the  names  caligans  Turati 
and  powelli  Oberthiir  were  antedated  by  libyssa  Piing.  ;  but  that  he,  Mr. 
Oberthiir,  declined  to  accept  libyssa  as  valid  because  it  was  unaccompanied  by 
any  figure.  Count  Turati  described  his  caligans  from  Sicily,  and  Mr.  Oberthiir 
tells  us  that  on  comparison  with  his  series  it  proves  to  be  a  somewhat  different 
local  race,  therefore  the  two  forms  must  stand  as  follows  : 

Euprepia  libyssa  libyssa,  Piingl.,  Mauretania,  and  Euprepia  libyssa  caligans, 
Trti.,  Sicily. 

1  <J  Sebdou,  October  1907,  H.  Powell  ex  coll.  Oberthiir. 
20  <JcJ  2  ??  Guelt^es-Stel,  September  and  October  1913,  Faroult. 


400  XOVITATES    ZOOLOOICAE    XXIV.     1917. 

128a.  Euprepia  cribraria  chrysocephala  (Hiibn.). 

Bomhyx  chrysocephala  Hiibner,  Europ.  Schmett.  vol.  ii.  Bomb.  ii.  f.  251  (1827)  (?  Spain). 
We  only  took  this  in.sect  in  1908  at  light  in  Mustapha  Superieur. 

3  Mwhoila,  Oum-er-Rebia.  Morocco.  April  1901,  E.  H. 

I  Zoudj-el-Beghal,  E.  Morocco,  July  1914,  Faroult. 
22  JIasser  Mines.  May — June  1914,  Faroult. 

10  Environs  d'Alger,  Jlay  1906-1908,  W.  R.,  E.  H.,  and  Dr.  Nissen. 
1  Bou  Saada,  Jlay  1912,  Faroult. 

3  Aln  Draham,  Jul}- — August  1911,  Faroult. 

One  rj  from  Ain  Draham  is  ab.solutely  uniform  dull  white  except  the  grey 
hindwings,  for  the  yellow  of  the  head  and  anal  tuft  is  wanting. 

129.  Utetheisa  pulchella  (Linn.). 

Phaiaena  pulchdla  Linnreiis,  Syst.  Nat.  edit.  x.  vol.  i.  p.  5.34.  No.  238  (1758)  (South  Europe,  Manre- 
tania). 

This  insect  is  fairly  abundant  everywhere  north  of  the  desert,  but  is  not 
much  seen  as  it  is  very  sluggish  of  flight.  Hartert  found  it  even  south  of 
Ghardaia  on  Zizyphus  bushes  in  oueds  in  the  stony  desert.  The  Tring  series 
from  Maurctania  of  606  is  very  variable  as  regards  size,  and  the  extent 
of  or  suppression  of  the  black  and  red  markings  of  the  forewings.  Those 
specimens  where  the  black  spots  are  almost  or  quite  suppressed  and  the  red 
strongly  augmented  are  ab.  bicolor  Oberth. 

15  Mazagan,  Morocco,  July — September  1900-1902,  W.  Riggenbach. 
62  Zoudj-el-Bcghal,  July  1914,  Faroult. 
1  Moroccan  Frontier,  May  1914,  Faroult. 
1  Masser  Mines,  June  1914,  Faroult. 
1  Nedroma,  May  1914,  Faroult. 
152  Lalla  Marnia,  May — July  1914,  Faroult. 
152  Aiin  Sefra,  May  1913-1915,  W.  R.,  E.  H.,  and  Faroult. 
1  Titen  Yaya,  June  1915,  Rotrou. 
5  Saida,  May  1913,  W.  R.  and  E.  H. 
12  Msila,  May  1915,  Faroult. 
7  Perregaux,  October  1915,  Faroult. 
1  El  Mesrane,  June  1913,  Faroult. 
1  Foret  de  Bainen,  June  1908,  W.  R.  and  K.  J. 

7  Environs  d'Alger,  May— June  1905-1908,  W.  R.,  K.  J.,  and  Dr.  Nissen. 

8  Maison  Carree,  June  1908,  VV.  R.  and  K.  J. 

10  Hammam  R'ihra,  May— June  1908-1916,  W.  R.,  E.  H.,  and  K.  J.,  and 
Faroult. 

5  Boghari,  May  1913,  Faroult. 
8  Ain  Ousscra,  May  1913.  Faroult. 
70  Guelt-es-Stel,  May— July  1913,  Faroult. 

4  Puits  Baba,  May  1913,  Faroult. 

II  Djelfa,  May  1913,  Faroult. 

1  Ghardaia,  May  1912,  E.  H.  and  C.  H. 

2  Oued  Abiod,  May  1912,  E.  H.  and  C.  H. 


NOVITATES    ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV.     1917.  401 

6  El  Hadadra,  May  1912,  E.  H.  and  C.  H. 

1  El  Meksa,  April  1912,  E.  H.  and  C.  H. 

2  Biskra,  AprU— June  1908-1912,  W.  R.,  E.  H.,  and  C.  H. 
5  Bou  Saada,  May  1911,  Faroult. 

16  El  Kantara,  June  1909-1911,  Cheli  Brahim. 
8  Environs  de  Batna,  June  1910-1912,  Nelva. 
1  Khenchela,  May  1912,  W.  R.  and  K.  J. 
1  Setif,  August  1911,  Faroult. 
1   El  Hamel,  May  1912,  Faroult. 

3  Oued  Hamidou,  June  1912,  Faroult. 
1  Sidi  Ferruch,  June  1911,  A.  Thery. 

4  Hanimam  Meskoutine,  May  1914,  W.  R.  and  K.  J. 
20  Aflou,  October  1916. 

The  British  Museum  has  1  Tangiers  and  1  Mogador,  Leech,  and  1  Tozeur, 
Tunisia,  G.  C.  Champion. 

Iiithsiinae. 
130.  Phryganopsis  unipuncta  Hmpsn. 

Phryganopaie  unipuncta   Hampson,  Ann.    Mag.  Nat.  Hist.  (7).  xv.  p.  333  (1905)    (Hammam-ea- 
Salahin). 

This  minute  species  would  have  escaped  the  notice  of  all  collector.?  but 
those  of  so-called  "  Microlepidoptera."  The  only  known  specimens  are  the 
2  (J(J,  4  ??  in  the  British  Museum  from  Hammam-es-Salahin,  near  Biskra,  col- 
lected by  Lord  Walsingham. 

131.  Ilema  bipuncta  (Hiibn.). 

Bombyx  bipuncta  Hiibuer,  Europ.  Schmett.  vol.  ii.  fT.  286,  287  (1827)  (Europe). 
There  are  no  specimens  of  this  species  in  the  Tring  Museum. 

132.  nema  uniola  (Rambur). 

Liihosia  uniola  Rambur,  Cat.  Syst.  Lipid.  d'Andal.  p.  209  (1SG6)  (Andalusia). 

Staudinger  and  most  others  have  placed  tliis  species  under  caniola  Hiibn., 
but,  as  Mr.  Oberthiir  points  out,  it  is  quite  distinct  ivoiaalheola  Hiibn.  (the  whitish 
race  of  caniola)  and  is  a  distinct  species.  Mr.  Oberthiir,  however,  suggests  that 
my  interposita  (see  infral  was  identical  with  uniola.  This  is  not  so,  for  though 
somewhat  allied  they  are  perfectly  distinct.  My  interposita  is  a  much  darker 
insect  and  has  no  trace  of  yellow,  either  on  the  head,  thorax,  or  anal  segment. 

5  (JcJ,  2  $?  Ain  Draham,  August — September  1911,  Faroult. 

133.  Ilema  interposita  Rothsch. 

Tltma  interposita  Rothschild,  Novit.  Zyoul.  vol.  xxi.  p.  334.  Xo.  314  (1914)  (Guelt-ea-Stel). 

This  insect  so  far  has  only  been  taken  by  us  on  one  occasion  in  1912  at 
Guelt^es-Stel.  Both  Dr.  Nissen  and  Faroult  failed  to  get  it  subsequently  ; 
though  the  former  took  some  when  he  was  with  us  in  1912. 

80  Guelt^es-Stel,  April  1912,  W.  R.  and  K.  J. 

In  the  British  Museum  are  the  remaining  6  specimens  captured  by  our- 
selves. 


402  NOVITATES    ZOOLOOICAE    XXIV.     1U17. 

134.  Hema  caniola  (Hiibn.). 

Bombyx  caniola  Hiibner,  Europ.  Schmelt.  vol,  ii.  f.  220  (1827)  (Europe). 

Of  this  species  we  took  a  number  at  Haramam  R'ihra  and  Hammam  Mes- 
koutine.     The  Tring  series  consists  of  64  specimens. 

13  Oued  Hamidou,  May — June  1912.  Faroult. 

9  Hammam  R'ihra.  May  1913,  W.  R,  and  E.  H. 

6  Bou  Saada,  June  1912,  Faroult. 
36  Hammam  Meskoutine,  May  1914,  W.  R.  and  K.  J. 

135.  Ilema  sordidula  (Rambur). 

Lilhoaia  sordidula  Rambur,  Cat.  Syst.  Lipid,  d'.lndai.  p.  210  (ISGB)  (Andalusia). 

Mr.  Oberthiir  raises  what  he  considers  the  debatable  point  of  the  identity 
or  otherwise  of  sordidula  Rambur  and  marcida  Mann.  The  latter  came  from 
Sicily,  and  Mr.  Oberthiir  points  out  that  a  Sicilian  specimen  he  possesses  differs 
from  Algerian  specimens  of  sordidula  by  the  uniform  leaden  grey  liindwings.  I 
have  no  Sicilian  or  Spanish  Lithosids  of  tliis  group,  so  I  cannot  compare  my 
Algerian  specimens  with  topotypical  material ;  but  I  have  been  carefully  through 
these  Algerian  insects  with  Sir  George  Hampson,  and  he  is  of  opinion  that  the 
specimens  enumerated  below  are  true  sordidula. 

4  Hammam  R'ihra,  May  1913,  W.  R.  and  E.  H. 

[Ilema  lutarella  pygmeola  (Doubl.). 

Lithosia  pygmeola  Doubleday,  Zoologist,  vol.  v.  p.  1914  (1847)  (Great  Britain). 

Mr.  Oberthiir  has  identified  3  specimens  of  a  form  of  Ilema  lutarella  which 
he  has  from  Ain  Draham  with  /.  pygmeola  Doubl.  This  he  does,  because, 
although  he  says  they  lack  all  traces  of  the  black  shade  on  the  hindwings  charac- 
teristic of  the  British  race  pygmeola,  yet  he  has  two!  British  specimens  also 
lacking  this.  Now,  it  is  well  known  that  geographical  races  ( =  Subspecies)  of 
one  and  the  same  species  are  not  fixed  and  unalterable  entities,  and  very  often 
individuals  crop  up  in  the  area  of  one  race  which  are  almost  or  quite  identical 
with  those  of  another.  Under  these  conditions  it  is  generally  thought  quite 
sufficient  to  establish  a  valid  local  race  or  subspecies  if  from  75  to  80  per  cent, 
of  the  individuals,  in  a  special  geographical  area,  show  the  characters  difl'eren- 
tiating  the  race  from  the  individuals  of  other  areas.  As,  however,  I  have  not 
personally  seen  Mauretanian  examples  of  any  form  of  lutarella,  I  do  not  pro- 
pose to  give  a  new  name  to  this  race,  and  simply  record  it  as — 

136a.  Ilema  lutarella  subspec  ? 
3  specimens  from  Ain  Draham  in  coll.  Oberthiir.] 

137.  Ilema  lurideola  (Zink.). 

Lilhoaia  lurideola  Zinken,  Allgem.  Literal urztitung,  1817.  p.  68  (1817)  (?). 

Tliis  is  the  oldest  name  for  plumbeola  Herr.-Sch.,  which  name  Mr.  Oberthiir 
by  mistake  attributed  to  Hiibner. 

I  have  no  Mauretanian  examples,  but  Mr.  Oberthiir  received  3  examples 
taken  at  Lambessa  by  H.  Powell. 


NOVITATES    ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV.     1917.  403 

138.  Paidia  conjuncta  (Staud.). 

Nudaria  murina  var.  conjuncta  Staudinger,  Iris,  vol.  iv.  p.  249  (1891)  (Mardin). 
This  i's  a  perfectly  distinct  species  from  murina. 
1   (J  Alger,  January  1914,  Faroult. 

139.  Apaidia  rufeola  (Rambur). 

Lilhoaia  rufeola  Bambur,  Ann.  Sue.  Entom.  France,  vol.  i.  p.  271.  pi.  8.  f.  12  (1832)  (Corsica). 
1  Sidi  Ferruch,  A.  Thery. 

6  Hammam  R'ihra,  May  1911-1913,  W.  R.  and  E.  H. 
5  Hammam  Meskoutine,  May  1914,  W.  R.  and  K.  J. 

140.  Apaida  mesagona  (Godt.). 

Callimorpha  mesogona  Godart,  Lepid.  France,  vol.  iv.  ji.  396.  pi.  40.  f.  6  (1822)  (France). 

There  are  in  the  Brltfsh  Museum  5  specimens,  Tangier,  April — May  1901- 
]  902,  Lord  Walsingham  coll. 

ITolinae. 
141.  Celama  chlamitulalis  (Hiibn.). 

Pyralis  chlamilulalia  Hiibner,  Europ.  Schmeti.  Pyr.  IT.  160.  181  (1827)  (Europe). 

1  Environs  d'Alger,  May  1912,  W.  R.  and  K.  J. 

2  Hammam  Meskoutine,  May  1914,  \V.  R.  and  K.  J. 

142a.  Celama  cristulalis  subchlamydula  (Staud.). 

Nola  Subchlamydula  Staudinger,   Horae  Soc.  Entmn.  Boss.  vol.  vii.  p.    107.  pi.  1.   ff.    6.  7  (1871) 
(Attica,  Greece). 

I  have   no  specimens  of   this.      Mr.  Oberthiir  records  it  from  Aflou  and 
Lambessa. 

143a.  Celama  centonalis  atomosa  (Brem.). 

Olaphyra  atcrmosa  Bremer,  Bull.  Acad.  Scien.  PHersb.  vol.  iii.  p.  491  (18C1)  (East  Siberia). 

This  subspecies,  according  to  Mr.  Oberthiir,  occurs  at  Geryville  ;    it  is  not 
represented  at  Tring. 

144.  Celama  squalida  (Staud.). 

Sola  squalida  Staudinger,  Berl.  Entom.  Zeit.  vol.  xiv.  p.  102  (1870)  (Malaga). 
1   (J  Guelt-es-Stel,  April  1912,  W.  R.  and  K.  J. 

145.  Nola  cucullatella  (Linn.). 

Phalaena  cucullatella  Linnaeus,  Syst.  Nat.  edit.  x.  vol.  i.  p.  537  (1758)  (Sweden). 
We  never  found  or  received  this  species. 


404  NOVITATES    ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV.     1917. 

146.  Roeselia  togatulalis  (Hiibn.). 

Pyralis  iogaiulalis  Hubner,  Europ.  Schvielt.  Pyr.  p.  20.  f.  130  (1837)  (Europe). 
1  Masser  Mines,  June  1914.  Faroult. 
1  Ain  Sefra,  July  1915,  Faroult. 

1  Khenchela,  June  1911,  Faroult. 

2  Ain  Draham,  September  1911,  Faroult. 

[CTKBIDAE. 

Mr.  Oberthiir  has  followed  the  old-fasliionecl  and  exploded  custom  and 
placed  directly  after  the  Arctiadae  the  genera  Sarrothripus,  Nycteola,  and  Earias 
under  the  family  heading  as  above.  In  order  not  to  produce  too  serious  a  break 
in  the  sequence  in  the  present  article,  and  to  enable  the  easy  comparison  of  Mr. 
Oberthiir's  Faune  de  Barbaric  and  my  notes,  I  shall  leave  them  here,  but  they 
are  emphatically  Noctuidae  and  belong  to  the  three  subfamilies  Stictopterinae, 
Sarrothripinae,  and  Acontiatiae,  wliich  stand  between  the  Erastrianae  and 
Eutelianae  on  the  one  hand  and  the  Catocalinae  on  the  other.] 

NOCTUIDAE. 

Stictopterinae. 

147.  Nycteola  talsalis  Herr.-Sch. 

Nycteola  jaUalis  Herricli-SchalTer,  Deutsch.  Ins.  vol.  i.  t.  166.  f.  1  (1829)  (Germany). 
2  Environs  d'Alger,  May  1908,  W.  R.  and  K.  J. 
8  Sfdi  Feruch,  A.  Thery. 

8  Hammam  R'ihra,  May  1908-1913,  W.  R.,  E.  H.,  and  K.  J. 
25  Hammam  Meskoutine,  April  1914,  W.  R.  and  K.  J. 

The  British  Museum  has  1  Hammam-es-Salahin,  March  1904,  Lord 
Walsingham. 

Sarrothripinae. 
148.  Sarrothripus  revayana  (Scopoli). 

Tortrix  revayana  Scopoli,  Annus  Nat.  Hist.  vol.  v.  p.  116  (1772)  (Germany). 

Among  the  13  specimens  from  Mauretania  at  Tring  are  6  of  the  ab. 
glaucana  Lampa.  ;  1  of  the  ab.  fnsciilana  Schmid. ;  4  of  the  ab.  obscura  Warr.  ; 
and  2  of  the  ab.  ilicana  Fabr. 

1  Masser  Mines,  June  1914,  Faroult. 

2  Ain  Sefra,  July  1915,  Faroult. 

I  Hammam  Meskoutine,  May  1909,  \V.  R.  and  E.  H. 

9  Ain  Draham,  July— September  1911,  Faroult. 

The  British  Museum  has  4  specimens  of  the  ab.  ilicana,  Philippeville, 
November  1905,  Lord  Walsingham. 

Acontianae. 
149.  Earias  chlorophyllana  Staud. 

i;orto«  chlorophyllana  Staudinger,  Iris.  vol.  iv.  p.  249  (1891)  (Mardin). 
There  is  no  specimen  of  this  species  at  Tring. 


NOVITATES    ZOOLOQICAE    XXIV.     1917.  405 


150.  Barias  albovenosana  Oberth. 

Eariat  albox'tnosana  Oberthiir,  Elud.  Lipid.  Comp.  Faac.  XIII.  p.  27.  pi.  cdxxxvi.  ff.  3707,  376S 
(1917)  (Lambdze). 

151.  Earias  chlorion  Rambur. 

Farias  chlorion  Rambur,  Cat.  Synt.  Lipid.  Andnl.  livr.  ii.  pi.  xv.  f.  6  (1866)  (Andalusia). 

1  agree  with  Mr.  Oberthiir  in  considering  this  quite  a  distinct  species  from 
insulana  Boisd. 

2  Biskra,  1911. 

152.  Hylophila  africana  Warr. 

Hylophila  ajricanaVftiTTeniaScMz^GrosaschmM.  Erde,  vol.  iii.  p.  298.  pi.  53  m.  (1913)  (Ain  Draham). 
1   ^,  1  ?  Ain  Draham  (cj  July  1911,  Faroult),l$  M.  Bartel. 

This  species  was  quite  overlooked  by  Mr.  Oberthiir,  or  else  he  thought  the 
locality  erroneous.     Mr.  Warren  never  saw  the  S. 

HEPIALIDAE. 

153.  Hepialiscus  algeriensis  de  Joan. 

Hepialiscus  algeriensi"  de  Joannia,  Bull.  Soc.  Entom.  France,  1903,  p.  223  (St.  Charles,  Philippe- 
ville)  ;  Ann.  Soc.  Entom.  France,  pi.  2.  f.  8. 

We  have  never  been  in  Algeria  when  this  insect  and  the  following  appear. 
124  Ain  Draham,  September — October  1911,  Faroult. 

154.  Hepialus  tunetanus  Oberth. 

Hepialus  tunetanva  Oberthiir,  Etud.  Entom.  Comp.  Fasc.  XIII.  p.  29.   pi.  cdxxxvi.   f.  3771  (1917) 
(Ain  Draham). 

3  Ain  Draham,  September  1911,  Faroult. 

COSSIDAE. 

155.  Cossus  cossus  (Linn.). 

Phalaena  cossus  Linnaeus,  Syst.  Nat.  edit.  x.  p.  504.  No.  40  (1758)  (Sweden). 
We  never  found  this  insect  in  Algeria. 

1  Lalla  Marnia,  May  1914,  Faroult. 
1  Oued  Hamidou,  June  1912,  Faroult. 

156.  Cossus  aries  Piingl. 

Cossus  aries  Piingler,  Iris,  vol.  xv.  p.  145.  pi.  VI.  £.  22  (J  (1902)  (Palestine). 

We  took  the  first  specimen  of  this  great  rarity  at  Tilghempt  in  1911,  where 
Faroult  again  found  it  the  following  year.  It  seems  widely  spread,  being  re- 
corded from  Palestine  and  Egypt  as  well  as  from  Tunisia  and  tlie  Provinces  of 
Constantine  and  Alger.  It  is  evidently  a  desert  and  Hauts  Plateaux  insect  and 
is  generally  found  in  the  neighbourhood  of  terebinth  trees,  though  it  evidently 

27 


406  NOVITATES    ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV.     1917. 

also  feeds    on  other   plants,  as   at  Biskra  and   southwards   there  are  no   tere- 
binths at  all. 

3  Tilghempt,  April  1911-1912,  W.  R.,  E.  H.,  and  Faroult. 

2  Oued  N^a,  April  1914,  E.  H.  and  C.  H. 

1  Kef-el-Dor,  March  1912,  E.  H.  and  C.  H. 

157.  Hypopta  reibellii  Oberth. 

Ht/popla  reibellii  Oberthiir,  Etud.  Entom.  livr.  i.  p.  4(1.  t.  4.  f.  1  (1876)  (Biakra). 

3  Mauretania,  Grum-Grshimailo  coll. 
9  Algeria,  Staudinger,  etc. 

1  Ain  Sefra,  Julj'  1915,  Faroult. 

158.  Dyspessa  vaulogeri  (Stand.). 

Hypopta  vaulogeri  Staudinger,  Iris,  vol.  x.  p.  155.  pi.  5.  f.  13  (1897)  (Chellala). 

We  captured  a  considerable  number  at  Ain  Sefra,  24  in  all,  and  so  did  Dr. 
Nissen,  but  very  few  in  good  condition.  The  J  proves  it  to  be  closely  allied  to 
Dyspessa  suavis. 

6  <?,?,  18  ??  Ain  Sefra,  May  1913,  W.  R.  and  E.  H. 

159.  Dyspessa  saharae  Luc. 

Dyspessa  saharae  Lucas,  Bull.  Soc.  Entom.  France,  1007.  p.  197  (1903)  (Zarcine). 

I  have  examined  again  carefully  the  figure  of  this  insect,  which  is  very 
coarse  and  crude,  and  I  cannot,  any  more  than  Mr.  Oberthiir,  ventufe  to  say 
positively  what  it  is.  I,  however,  have  more  than  a  shrewd  suspicion  that  it 
represents  a  much  rubbed  specimen  of  vaulogeri.  Perhaps  Mr.  Oberthiir  will 
compare  my  forthcoming  figures  of  cj?  of  tlie  latter  with  this  picture,  and  then 
give  us  a  deciding  vote. 

ICO.  Dyspessa  suavis  Staud. 

Dyspessa  jordana  var.  suai-is  Staudinger,  Iris,  vol.  xii.  p.  355.  pi.  5.  f.  7  (1899)  (Bi»kra). 

1  ,?,  3  ??  Bou  Saada,  May  1911-1912,  Faroult. 

1  (J,  1  ?  El  Mesranc,  June  1913,  Faroult. 

1  9  El  Arich,  east  of  Guerrara,  April  1914.  E.  H.  and  C.  H. 

1  ?  Kef-el-Dor,  April  1909,  W.  R.  and  E.  H. 

3  ??  halfway  between  Ouargla  and  El  Golea,  March  1912,  E.  H.  and  C.  H. 

In  the  British  Museum  1  ?  Hammam-es-Salahin,  May  1903,  Lord  Walsing- 
ham. 

161.  Dyspessa  fuscula  Staud. 

Dyspessa  fuscula  Staudinger,  Iris,  vol.  v.  p.  283.  No.  41.  pi.  3.  f.  10  (1892)  (Tunis). 

The  members  of  the  genus  Dyspessa  allied  to  ulula  Borhh.  are  most  difficult 
to  determine,  and  have  led  to  much  controversy.  Herr  Piingler  and  many 
of  his  colleagues  consider  them  all  aberrations  of  ulula,  while  others  think  they 
are  all  distinct.     I  am  of  opinion    that  the   greater   number,  viz.    marmorata 


NOVITATES    ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV.     1917.  407 

Ramb.  ;  algeriensis  Ramb.  ;  juscula  Staud.  ;  habylaria  Bang-Haas ;  and 
pallidata  Staud.,  are  good  species.  The  onlj'  doubtful  one  of  tliis  number  is 
algeriensis  Ramb.  If  the  insect  figured  by  Oberthiir,  Etud.  Entom.  livr.  iii. 
pi.  5.  f.  1,  is  really  Rambur's  algeriensis ,  then  it  is  quite  distinct,  but  I  am  not 
in  a  position  to  decide  this  without  comparing  the  insect  I  have  identified  as 
algeriensis  with  Rambur's  type.  The  reason  I  am  unable  to  do  without  actual 
comparison,  is  that  while  I  have  a  long  series  (14)  of  $$,  my  4  (J^  are  in  very 
poor  condition,  and,  as  is  well  known,  ?$  of  this  group  are  not  easy  to  determine 
when  one  has  to  compare  them  with  figures  or  descriptions  of  SS- 

2  $?  Guelt-es-Stel,  May  1913,  Faroult. 

1  (J,  1  ?  Biskra,  Staudinger. 

1   (J,  1  ?  Khenchela,  June  1911,  Faroult. 

162.  Dyspessa  kabylaria  Bang-Haas. 

Dyspessa  kubylaria  Bang-Haas,  Iris,  vol.  xix.  p.  143.  ]>!.  5.  f.  10  (1906)  (Gafsa). 

1  S,   19  ??    Khenchela,    May— June    1911-1912,  W.  R.    and  K.  J.   (??)  ; 
Faroult  (s). 

1  (J  Biskra,  Staudinger. 

4  (J(J  Gafsa,  Tunisia,  Staudinger  (co-types). 

1  <J  Gab^s,  Tunisia,  Staudinger. 

163.  Dyspessa  algeriensis  (Rambur). 

Eudagria  algeriensis  Rambur,  Cat.  Syst.  Lipid.  d'And.  p.  331  footnote  (18(56)  (Algeria). 

1  have  identified  as  algeriensis  a  series  of  small  individuals  darker  and  more 
distinctly  marked  than  juscula,  but  I  am  still  in  doubt  about  them. 

2  <J(J,  11  ??  Guelt-es-Stel,  April— May  1913,  Faroult. 
1  cj,  3  ??  Bou-Saada,  April  1912,  Faroult. 

1  <J  Khenchela,  May  1912,  W.  R.  and  K.  J. 

In  the  British  Museum  is  1  $  El  Kantara,  May  1903,  Lord  Walsingham. 

164.  Dyspessa  ulula  pallida  subsp.  nov. 

(J.  Is  much  paler  than  ulula  ulula,  and  the  white  spots  very  much  dilated 
and  fainter,  sometimes  the  ground-colour  is  entirely  suffused  with  the  white. 
?.  Almost  as  dark  as  in  ulula  infuscata  from  Amasia. 

3  (JcJ  Bone,  Staudinger. 

1  ?  Teniet>el-had,  Staudinger. 

4  (J<J,  2  ??  Hammam  Meskoutine,  May  1909,  W.  R.  and  E.  H. 

165.  Dyspessa  marmorata  (Rambur). 

Eudagria  mamorata  Rambur,  Cat.  Syst.  Lipid.  d'Andal.  p.  332.  pi.  5.  f.  6  (1866)  (Andalusia). 

We  found  this  very  abundant  in  Hammam  R'ihra,  but  only  caught  (J^, 
the  ??  never  coming  to  the  light. 

82  <J(J  Hammam  R'ihra,  May  1908-1913,  W.  R.,  E.  H.,  and  K,  J. 
36  <J<J  Oued  Hamidou,  May — June  1912,  Faroult. 


408  No%-ITATE9    ZoOLOOICiE    XXIV.     1917. 

32  (JcJ  Guelt-es-Stel,  May— June  1913,  Faroult. 
4  o^  Bou  Saada,  Faroult. 
2  (J<J  Zoudj-el-Beghal,  July  19U,  Faroult. 
2  (J  (J  Environs  d'Alger,  June  1905,  Dr.  Nissen. 

In  the  British  Museum  is  1  S  "  Mauretania." 


165a,.  Dyspessa  marmorata  maroccana  subsp.  nov. 

3.  Very  much  darker  brown  than  m.  viarmoraia.  the  pale  spots  being  almost 
entirely  confined  to  the  marginal  and  submarginal  areas. 

5.  Much  darker  than  Rambur's  figure  and  the  wliite  marks  smaller. 
Habitat.  S.W.  Morocco. 

9  (J<J,  1  ?  Mazagan,  Morocco,  April  1902,  W.  Riggenbach. 
1   cj,  8  ?  Seksawa,  Morocco,  April  1905,  W.  Riggenbach. 
1  $  Rahama,  Morocco,  May  1903,  W.  Riggenbach. 
1  ?  Djebel  Cheddar,  May  1902,  W.  Riggenbach. 


166.  Dyspessa  affinis  sp.  nov. 

$.  Closely  allied  to  suavis  Staud.,  but  smaller  and  much  darker.  Thorax 
and  abdomen  grey-brown. 

Forewing  dark  grej'-brown  with  a  few  paler  scales.  Hindwings  paler  grey- 
brown. 

Length  of  forewing  :    12  mm.     Expanse  :    28  mm. 

Habitat.  Ain  Sefra,  May  7,  1912,  W.  R.  and  E.  H.     1  ?. 


167.  Holcocerus  mauretanicus  (Lucas). 

Cossn-smanretanicvs'Lwcaa.  Bull.  Soc.  Enlom.  France,  1907.  p.  343  (Tozeura) ;    Ann.  Soc.  Enlom. 
France,  1910.  pL  IS.  f.  4. 

Mr.  Oberthiir,  Etud.  Cotnp.  Fasc.  XIII.  p.  33,  suggests  that  tliis  may  be  his 
poirelli.  The  figure  is  so  coarse  and  crude  that  it  cannot  be  identified  with 
anvthing  I  know,  though  the  outlines  and  size  resemble  poivelli ;  but  the  very 
careful  description  differs  so  from  powelli,  that  I  do  not  think  it  at  all  advisable 
to  unite  them,  but  quote  this  as  a  species  till  we  get  Tunisian  material  for 
comparison. 


168.  Holcocerus  powelli  Oberth. 

Holcocerus  jmvcUi  Obcrtliur,  Etud.  Lepidopt.  Camp.  Fasc.  VI>.  p.  333.  pi.  Uiix.  ff.  722,  723  (1911) 

(Geryville). 

I  have  only  received  this  insect  from  Faroult. 

90  (J(J,  26  ??  Guelt-es-Stel,  July— August  1913,  Faroult. 


NOTITATES   ZOOLOeiCAE   XXIV.    1017.  409 

169.  Holcocerns  farouiti  Oberth. 

Holcocents  farouiti  Oborthiir,  EUid.  Lepidopt.  Comp.  Fasc.    V'.   p.  326.   pi.  Ixxi.    f.    658    (1011) 
(Mograroua). 

Only  the  2  cJcJ  sent  by  Faroult  to  Mr.  Oberth iir  have  so  far  been  recorded. 
170.  Zeuzera  pyrina  (Linn.). 

Phalatna  pyrina  Linnaeus,  Fauna  Suecica,  edit.  ii.  (Altera),  p.  306  (1701)  (Sweden). 
We  never  got  this  insect. 
5  cJ^,  3  ??  Khenchela,  June  1911,  Faroult. 


Nygmia  charmetanti  (JIab.  &  VuilL). 

Artaxa  charmetanti  Mabille  &  Vuillot,  Bull.  Soc.  ErU.  France,  1890.  p.  204  (Hassi-bou-Kouba). 

This  species  was  accidentally  omitted  from  the  former  section  of  my  "  Notes." 
It  was  originally  taken  south  of  Ouargla,  and  a  second  sijecimen  was  captured  in 
May  1907  at  Biskra  by  Monsieur  Chretien. 


WhOe  this  article  was  going  through  the  press  I  received  several  parcels 
of  lepidoptera  from  Algeria.  Among  them  were  three  more  Amorpha  jwpnli 
populi  from  Pcrregaux  and  a  number  of  Drcpnnidae,  among  which  was  a  Cilix 
glaucata  without  the  glaucous  smear.  I  also  received  two  more  Pergesa  porcelhis 
colossus  and  some  Arctia  villica  arabum  from  Djebel  Zaccar. 


410  XOVITATES    ZOOLOGICAK    XXIV.     1917. 


NOTES   AND   DESCRIPTIONS   OF   SOUTH   AMERICAN    BIRDS. 

By  ERNST  HARTERT  and  ARTHUR  GOODSON. 

1.  Pachyrhamphus  peraanus  sp.  nov. 

?.  Crown  .ash-grey,  over  the  ej'es  a  dull  greenish  line,  hind-neck  and  nape 
ash-grey,  rest,  of  upper  surface  yellou-ish  green  as  in  P.  viridis  ;  tail  and  wings 
as  in  the  latter,  i.e.  with  a  rufous  patch  on  the  upper  wing-coverts.  Sides  of 
head  and  the  throat  pale  grey  ;  chest-band  and  sides  of  breast  ohvaceous  green 
with  yellow  edges  to  the  feathers,  not  uniform  yellow  as  in  P.  v.  viridis  and 
cuvieri.  Rest  of  under  surface  white  with  a  greyish  tinge  on  the  breast — not 
creamy  as  in  P.  v.  viridis  and  cuvieri.     Wing,  73  mm. 

Hab.  Chanchamayo,  state  of  Cuzco,  South-eastern  Peru,  1,500  metres. 

Type  :    $  Chanchamayo,  January  1905,  collected  by  C.  0.  Sckunke. 

The  grey  head  and  somewhat  undecided  supcrcihary  line  point  towards 
immaturity,  and  it  is  probable  that  the  specimen — unfortunately  only  the  one 
female  has  been  received— is  not  fully  adult,  but  it  is  not  hke  young  P.  viridis, 
which  agree  with  it  only  in  having  the  top  of  the  head  greyish.  Probably 
P.  penunuis  will  have  to  rank  as  a  subspecies  of  viridis,  but  without  knowing 
the  male,  this  must  remain  uncertain.  The  collector  marked  the  eyes  as  grey 
("  pardo  "),  bill  and  feet  plumbeous. 

2.  Forms  of  Blacicus  brachytarsus  (Scl.). 

It  has  alreadj-  been  said  by  Mr.  Ridg\\ay  {Birds  of  North  and  Middle  America, 
iv.  p.  527)  that  specimens  from  Colombia,  Venezuela,  and  Trinidad  are  "con- 
siderably greyer  "  above  than  those  from  Central  America.  Our  series  from 
Trinidad  and  the  State  of  Cumana  is  certainlj'  paler  and  shghtly  (we  should 
not  say  considerably)  more  greyish  above,  the  crouii  generally  less  brownish, 
and  they  are  also  paler  underneath,  the  breast  being  less  olivaceous  and 
the  abdomen  paler  yellow.  Jloreover,  they  have  a  longer  wing  :  S  75-80, 
?  72-76  mm.,  if  correctlj'  scxed,  while  Central  American  specimens  measure 
(J  72-75,  ?  67-72  mm.,  if  correctly  scxed. 

No  name  appears  to  be  referable  to  this  form  except  Taczanowski's  aiidinus. 
This  name  is  adopted  by  Berlepsch  (Nov.  Zool.  1908,  p.  128)  and  Hellmayr 
and  Seilern  (Arcliiv  /.  Katurg.  Ixwiii.  1912.  p.  84).  It  is  difficult  to  believe 
that,  in  consideration  of  the  other  local  forms,  these  birds  should  be  exactly  the 
same,  but  from  comparison  with  a  Bolivian  male  we  are  unable  to  find  the 
slightest  difference.  Tyrannula  hogotensis  Bonaparte  cannot  possibly  be  this 
bird,  as  there  are  great  discrepancies  in  the  diagnosis,  and  Planchesia  juliginosa 
of  the  same  author  is  only  Gmelin's  Mnscicapa  juliginosa,  in  which  no  Blacicus 
can  be  recognised  (cf.  Berlepsch,  I.e.  p.  129). 

We  cannot  unite  with  these  birds  our  scries  from  Cayenne  and  Surinam. 
They  arc  smaller,  wings  S  70'5-72-5,  $  67-69  mm.  The  colour  of  the  upper- 
side  is  slightly  more  grcj'ish  and  the  crown  is  not  so  dark,  less  in  contrast  with 
the  back.     Underside  as  in  the  Cumana  and  Trinidad  birds.     We  call  tliis  bird  : 


^'OV^TATES    ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV.     1917.  411 

Blacicus  brachytarsus  guianarum  subsp.  nov. 

Type:  S  near  Paramaribo,  Surinam,  6.  ix.  1900.  B.  Chunkoo  coO.  (In 
the  Tring  Museum.) 

In  Nov.  ZooL.  1902,  p.  50,  Berlepsch  and  Hartert  discussed  a? from  Alta- 
gracia  on  the  Orinoco  River.  This  specimen  is  indeed  very  small  and  rather 
olive  above,  but,  of  course,  we  cannot  say  anything  more  about  it  until  a  series 
from  Altagracia  is  available. 

Specimens  in  the  Tring  Museum. 

Guatemala,  Costa  Rica  .....  6 

Venezuela,  Trinidad       ......  23 

Cayenne,  Surinam  ......  9 

Orinoco         ........  1       ' 

3.  Elaenia  gaimardii  trinitatis  subsp.  nov. 

The  forms  of  Elaenia  gcmnardii  have  been  reviewed  by  tlie  late  Count 
Berlepsch — for  many  years  our  teacher  and  mentor  in  South  American  ornith- 
ology— in  the  Proceedings  of  the  Fourth  I ntenmtional  Orn.  Congress,  pp.  419- 
422.  He  distinguished  three  subspecies  :  Elaenia  gaimardii  gaimardii,  E.  g. 
guianensis,  and  E.  g.  bogotensis.  The  first  he  accepted  as  ranging  from  Bolivia 
and  N.E.  Peru  to  the  Orinoco,  Venezuela  (Puerto  Cabello),  Trinidad,  Brazil  as 
far  as  Mattogrosso  and  the  Rio  Negro  ;  E.  g.  guianensis  as  British  Guiana, 
Cayenne,  and  N.  Brazil  (Para) ;  E.  g.  bogotensis  as  Colombia  (Bogota  collections 
and  Sta.  Marta).  This  distribution  is  somewhat  peculiar,  and  the  series  in  the 
Tring  Bluseum  does  not  bear  it  out. 

Our  birds  from  the  Orinoco  basin  diifer  strikingly  from  two  skins  from 
Para  and  two  from  Goyaz,  which  seem  to  agree  perfectly  with  each  other.  The 
Orinoco  birds  do  not  seem  to  be  distinguishable  from  guianensis  unless  the 
underside  is  still  of  a  richer  yellow.  On  the  other  hand,  five  from  Cumana 
(North  Venezuela)  seem  to  be  exactly  like  bogotensis  from  Bogota  collections, 
which  is  altogether  paler  than  guianensis.  The  Trinidad  birds  (eleven  skins 
collected  by  Andre)  are  nearest  to  bogotensis,  but  differ  in  having  the  uppersidc 
duller,  more  olivaceous,  not  so  greenish  ;  the  crown  is  white,  as  a  rule  without 
the  slightest  tinge  of  yellow  ;  the  sides  of  the  crowii  is  deeper  blackish  ;  the 
ashy-white  colour  of  the  throat  seems  to  extend  farther  back  to  the  chest,  and 
the  abdomen  is  paler  sulphur-yellow.  The  wings  vary  much  in  length  ;  barring 
some  apparently  wrongly  sexed  specimens,  the  wings  seem  to  measure  58-60  mm. 
in  females,  62-65  in  males. 

Type  of  E.  g.  trinitatis:  3  Caparo,  Trinidad,  20.  iv.  1902,  E.  Andre  coll. 
(Tring  Museum.) 

4.  Hirundinea  bellicosa  pallidior  subsp.  nov. 

Comparing  eight  skins  of  Hirundinea  bellicosa  from  the  provinces  of  Tucu- 
man,  Salta,  and  Catamarca,  all  three  in  the  north-western  part  of  Argentina, 
with  twenty-one  from  south-eastern  Brazil  and  one  from  Paraguay  (Colonia 
Risso  near  the  Rio  Apa),  it  is  obvious  that  the  former  are  paler,  especially  on 
the  underside,  the  upper  wing-coverts  have  more  rufous  and  the  primaries  are 


412  XOVITATES    ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV,     lfll7. 

not  so  deep  black,  the  terminal  bar  to  the  rcctrices,  especially  on  the  lateral 
feathers,  is  less  wide  and,  as  a  rule,  somewhat  less  blackish.  Wing:  <J  112-115, 
$  104-1085  mm.     The  young  is  paler  than  the  adult. 

Type  of  H.  h.  pallidior  :  3  ad.  Salta,  Cachi,  2,500  m.  5.  iv.  1905.  Jose 
Steinbach  coll.,  No.  49.     "Iris  yellowish  brown,  feet  and  bill  black." 

5.  Tyrannus  melancholicus  occidentalis  subsp.  nov. 

Lilvc  T.  m.  satrapa,  but  underside  paler  yellow,  upper  tail-coverts  appar- 
ently lighter  also  smaller. 

Wing:    S  111,  lllS,  ?  106,  106  mm. 

Hab.  San  Bias,  Tepic,  N.W.  Mexico. 

Type  :    3  ad.  San  Bias,  20.  iv.  1897. 

Our  specimens,  two  males  and  two  females,  were  all  shot  from  April  20th 
to  23rd,  and  are  in  rather  worn  plumage.  Therefore  the  paler  colour  of  the  upper 
tail-coverts  is  open  to  doubt,  but  the  shorter  wings  and  paler  yellow  underside 
are  undeniable  Probably  specimens  from  Sinaloa  belong  to  the  same  form, 
as  Ridgway  (B.  N.  and  Middle  America,  iv.  p.  701)  gives  for  males  from 
there  the  length  of  wings  as  11 2' 9,  while  in  the  other  specimens  of  his  large 
series  they  vary  from  11 3  to  llS"5and  120,  and  are  nearly  all  over  114  mm.  None 
of  Ridgway's  females  range  below  1095  (one  only  !)  and  they  mostly  go  from 
110  mm.  upwards.  The^  from  Jahsco  with  a  wing  of  1129  mm.  must  of  course 
belong  to  our  new  form,  as  that  place  is  not  far  from  San  Bias. 

6.  Myiozetetes  cayanensis  hellmayri  subsp.  nov. 

Differs  from  M.  r.  cayanensis  from  Cayenne  and  North  Brazil  (24  speci- 
mens from  Cayenne,  Surinam,  Para,  and  Goyaz  in  the  Tring  Museum)  in  having, 
as  a  rule,  more  rufous  on  the  outer  webs  of  the  primaries  and  the  upperside 
not  so  dark  and  more  olivaceous. 

Hab.  West  Ecuador,  Cauea  Valley  in  Colombia,  and  in  Bogota  collections. 

Type  :  c?  ad.  Cachabe.  N.W.  Ecuador,  10.  xi.  189G.  W.  F.  H.  Rosenberg, 
coll.       (Tring  Museum.) 

Examined  :  6  Cachabi,  W.  F.  Rosenberg  coll. ;  2  San  Domingo,  W.  Ecuador, 
W.  Goodfellow  coll. ;  2  Nanegal.  W.  Ecuador,  W.  Goodfellow  coll. ;  1  Guayaquil, 
Dr.  Powell  coll. ;  1  Cauea  Valley,  T.  W.  Paine  coll. ;  8  Bogota  skins. 

In  Birds  of  North  and  Middle  America,  iv.  p.  444,  Mr.  Ridgway  united  M.  c. 
ruflpennis  with  M.  c.  cayanensis  which  he  accepted  as  ranging  from  "  Panama 
through  Colombia,  Venezuela,  Trinidad,  British  Guiana,  Surinam,  Cayenne,  to 
Ecuador,  Eastern  Peru,  and  the  entire  Amazon  Valley,  Bolivia,  and  South-western 
Brazil."  To  this  distribution  we  cannot  agree.  We  separate,  as  explained,  the 
birds  from  Colombia  and  Ecuador  (at  least  the  western  parts  !),  and  there  is  no 
doubt  at  all  that  31.  cayanensis  rufiqie.nnis  from  Venezuela  is  quite  distinct. 
On  Trinidad  it  has  never  been  found,  and  the  specimen  in  the  Strickland  collec- 
tion, said  to  come  from  Trinidad,  is  almost  certainly  wrongly  labelled,  like  so 
many  other  skins,  which  Mere  collected  in  Venezuela  and  shipped  from  Trinidad. 
Mr.  Hellmayr,  after  whom  we  are  naming  our  new  subspecies,  has  given  a  review 
of  the  subspecies  of  M.  cayanensis  in  his  Revision  of  the  Spix  types  (Ahh.  Bayer. 
Akad.  Wiss.,  11.  Kl.,  XXII.  Bd.,  III.  Abt.,  1906,  p.  649).  He  already  mentioned 
differences  of  the  birds  from  Western  Ecuador,  but  he  considered  Bogota  speci- 


NOVITATES    ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV.     Ini7.  413 

mens  to  belong  to  tj'pical  aiyanerusis.  Our  Bogota  examples  do  not  differ  from 
the  W.  Ecuadorian  hellmayri,  but  it  is  quite  possible  that  both  the  latter  and 
M.  c.  cayanensis  are  found  in  Bogota  collections.  The  collections  that  are,  or 
were,  made  by  Indians  and  sent  from  Bogota,  are  not  all  brought  together  near 
Bogota  ;  we  know  that  the  collectors  used  to  go  do^ni  into  the  valley  of  the 
Rio  Meta — where  typical  cayanensis  or  rufipennis  might  possibly  occur — -and 
westwards  into  the  Cauca  Valley,  where  hellmarjri  is  found. 

We  have  three  skins  from  Panama  (2  Savannah  near  Panama,  Andre  coll., 
one  Panama,  Nelson  coll.)  which  have  hardly  any  rufous  on  the  wing,  and 
appear  perhaps  to  be  smaller  (wing,  S  86,  ?  84  mm.),  while  the  uppersidc  is  rather 
greyish  olive.  We  believe  these  to  belong  to  another  subspecies,  but  do  not 
consider  the  material  available  sufficient  for  decision. 

7.  Forms  of  Leptopogon  superciliaris. 

Twice  recently  remarks  have  been  published  on  the  subspecies  of  Lcpto- 
qwgon  sujierciliaris,  first  by  Ridgway  (Birds  of  North  and  Middle  Amer.  iv.  p.  466 
(1907) ),  then  by  Hellmayr  (Proc.  Zool.  Soc.  London,  1911.  vol.  ii.  p.  1 1.12).  Neither 
of  these  meet  the  case  fully,  as  exhibited  by  the  series  in  the  Tring  Museum. 
The  colour  of  the  tips  of  the  wing-coverts  is  generally  quite  constant,  as  stated 
by  Ridgway,  and  varies  only  slightly  in  certain  Iccahties,  but  not  in  a  series, 
from  the  pale  primrose-yellow  of  the  Venezuelan  form  to  the  rich  buff  of  the 
West  Ecuadorian  birds. 

Two  males  from  Huanibo  and  Pozuzo,  collected  by  Stolzmann  and  W.  Hoff- 
manns, we  take  to  be  typical  superciliaris.  From  these  the  West  Ecuadorian 
form  differs  only  slightly  by  the  more  olivaceous  green  throat  and  chest  antl  a 
less  cinereous  crown.  Specimens  from  Bogota  collections  and  Costa  Rica 
seem  to  be  identical  with  each  other,  unless  the  crown  of  the  head  in  the  latter 
is  more  greenish,  less  slaty  ;  if  separable  from  the  West  Ecuadorian  form,  which 
seems  to  have  less  white  on  the  forehead,  the  Bogota  bird  would,  of  course, 
have  to  be  called  Leptopogon  superciliaris  poliocephalns. 

Our  seven  skins  from  Venezuela  fCumana,  Caripe,  and  Cumbrc  de  Valencia 
near  Puerto  Cabello)  dift'er  from  all  the.se  by  their  pale  primrose-yellow  tips  to 
the  outer  webs  of  the  greater  upper  wing-coverts  and  outer  margins  of  the  secon- 
daries, and  more  whitish  throat  and  more  yellowish,  less  olivaceous,  chest.  The 
crown  of  the  head  is  slate-coloured,  more  cinereous  than  in  the  West  Ecuadorian 
race,  but  agrees  with  the  skins  from  Bogota  collections,  from  which  they  merely 
differ  by  the  pale  spots  to  the  wing-coverts  and  edges  to  the  secondaries.  The 
wings  vary  remarkably:  <J  Cumana  (Andre  coll.),  69;  3  Cumbre  de  Valencia 
(S,  M.  Klages  coU.),  65  mm.;  sujjposed  females  from  Cumana  and  Caripe, 
61-72;    $  Cumbre  dc  Valencia,  63  mm. 

We  name  the  North  Venezuelan  form  : 

Leptopogon  superciliaris  venezuelensis  subsp.  nov. 

Type  :  Cumbre  de  Valencia  near  Puerto  Cabello,  11.  i.  1910,  S.  31.  Klages 
coll.     (In  the  Tring  Museum.) 

We  are  not  at  all  sure  about  two  skins  collected  by  Ockenden  at  Santo 
Domingo,  Carabaya  (in  June),  and  Caradoc,  Marcapata  (in  March).  The 
former  has  the  wing-spots  quite  pale,  the  latter  more  buff  ;   the  former  has  the 


414  NOVITATES    ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV.     1017. 

abdomen  almost  whitish,  the  latter  certainly  more  yellow  ;  probably  this  form 
differs  again  from  superciliaris,  as  Ridgway  (I.e.)  also  calls  attention  to  the  pale 
underside  of  a  Bolivian  specimen. 

8.  The  jorms  of  Rhynchocyclus  sulphurescens. 

1.  Rhynchocyclus  snlphuresceihs  sulphurescens  (Spis). 

Plalyrhynchus  sulphurescens  Spix,  Av.  Brasil.  ii.  p.  10.  pi.  xii.  fig.  1  (1825 — "in  sylvis  Provineiae 
Rio  de  Janeiro,  Piauhy  et  flum.  Amazonum."     Terra  typica:    Rio  de  Janeiro). 

Wc  have  3  (J,  2  §  from  Sao  Paulo,  collected  by  Hempcl,  and  1  i  from 
Minas  Geraes,  collected  by  A.  Robert. 

The  crown  almost  uniform  ^^ith  the  back,  but  slightly  darker  and  some- 
times tinged  with  grej'.  Back  bright  olivaceous  green.  Wings:  68-70,  1  ?  665 
mm. 

2.  Rhynchocyclus  sulphurescens  assimilis  (Pelz.). 
Rht/nchocyclus  assimilis  Pelzcln,  Orn.  Brasil.  p.  110  (1869 — Rio  Negro,  North  Brazil). 

We  have  a  series  from  Calama  on  the  Rio  Madeira,  from  TcfTe,  Rio  Solimoes, 
and  from  Chamicuros,  East  Peru,  and  Xeberos,  collected  by  Bartlett. 

These  birds  differ  chiefly  by  the  more  slaty-grey  crown  and  darker  upper 
surface.     Wings  from  62-71  mm. 

3.  Rhynchocyclus  sulphurescens  pallescens  subsp.  nov. 

Upperside  as  in  Rh.  s.  sulphurescens,  but  the  green  slightly  brighter,  under- 
side considerably  paler,  more  sulphur-yellow.     Wings  :    68"  5,  65,  63  mm. 

The  Tring  Bluscum  has  one  specimen  (evidently  a  male,  but  not  sexed) 
from  Santa  Cruz,  Bolivia,  21.viii.  1889,  No.  197,  Gustav  Garlepp  coll. 
(type  of  R.  s.  jxillescensl),  and  two  skins,  both  sexed  males,  but  smaller,  col- 
lected by  J.  Steinbach  at  elevations  of  450  and  750  metres  in  the  province  of 
Sara,  Bolivia,  in  December  1905. 

4.  Rhynchocyclus  sulphurescens  cherriei  subsp.  nov. 

Closely  alUed  to  adult  R.  s.  assimilis.  but  the  crown  of  the  head  not  so 
slaty,  more  olivaceous,  tinged  with  green  ;  vinder-surface  paler,  more  sul- 
phureous ;  the  yellow  edges  to  the  upper  wing-coverts  generally  not  so 
conspicuous  and  some^^■hat  narrower.  Wings  62-68'5,  the  latter  measurement 
exceptional,  generally  only  to  66  and  67  mm.  The  specimens  with  wings  of 
62  and  63  mm.  probably  all  females,  though  partially  sexed  "  males."  Rh.  s. 
assimilis  is  larger,  the  wings  of  the  males  ranging  up  to  70  and  71  mm. 

Habitat  :  Cayenne,  Surinam,  British  Guiana,  Caura  River,  and  Blaipures 
on  the  Orinoco. 

Type:  S  ad.  Cayenne,  2.  xii.  1902.  No.  1,001,  Geo.  K.  Chcrrie  and  B.  T. 
Gault  coll.  "Iris  pale  greyish.  Bill  above  black,  below  pale,  nearly  flesh- 
colour."     (Tring  Museum.) 

Named  after  J.  K.  Chcrrie,  who  collected  most  of  our  specimens.  15 
specimens  compared. 

The  specimen  No.  11,407  from  Maipures,  Orinoco,  has  been  erroneously 
enumerated  as  Rh.  poliocephalus  in  Nov.  ZooL.  1902,  p.  47.  Both  species  occur 
in  the  same  places. 


NOVITATES    ZOOLOOICAE    XXIV.     1017.  415 

Ridgway's  Rh.  hlagesi,  described  from  Maripa  in  Venezuela,  Proc.  Biol. 
Soc.  Washington,  xix.  p.  115,  1906,  is  apparently  a  specimen  of  Rh.  polioccphalus 
sclateri;  the  wing  measurement  (52  mm.)  is  too  small  for  any  sidphvrescens. 
This  has  already  been  suggested  by  Hellmayr  in  the  Record  of  Ornithological 
Literature  for  1906  in  the  Archiv  fiir  Natvrgeschichte. 

5.  Rhynchocydu.s  sulphurescens  berlepschi  subsp.  nov. 

L)ifl[ers  from  Rh.  s.  sulphurescens  in  its  lighter  and  more  yellow  underside, 
from  Rh.  s.  cherriei  in  its  lighter  and  more  yellowish  green  upperside  and  much 
brighter  yellow  underside.  The  crown  of  the  head  is  almost  uniform  with  the 
back,  and  shows  very  httle  if  any  slaty  tinge.  It  is  nearest  to  Rh.  s.  flavo- 
olivaceus,  but  duller  throughout  and  \\ith  the  throat  darker  and  more  greenish. 
Wings,  67-69  mm. 

Hab.  :  Northern  Venezuela  (Cumana,  Puerto  Cabello)  and  Trinidad. 

Type:  "?"  (probably  <J)  C'aparo,  Trinidad,  9.  iv.  1902.  E.  Andre  coll. 
(Tring  Museum.)  "  Iris  dark  bro\ra.  Bill  above  black,  lower  mandible  dirty 
white.     Feet  black." 

Ten  from  Trinidad,  3  from  North  Venezuela  compared.  Named  in  honour 
of  the  late  Count  Berlepseh,  one  of  the  greatest  authorities  on  South  American 
ornithology. 


6.  Rhynchocyclus  sulphurescens  exortivus  Bangs. 

Rhynchocydu.s  sulphurescens  exortivus  Bangs,  Pruc.  Biol.  Soc.  Washington,  xxi.  p.  103  (1908 — Santa 
Marta  Mountains,  Colombia). 

We  have  unfortunately  no  specimens  from  Santa  Marta.  Half  a  dozen 
Bogota  skins  in  the  Tring  Museum  and  a  (supposed)  $  from  Jimenez  in  W. 
Colombia  (Merwyn  G.  Palmer  coU.)  have  been  named  exortivus  by  Hellmayr. 
They  have  the  crown  of  the  head  slaty-grey,  forming  a  distinct  cap,  thus  differ- 
ing at  a  glance  from  Rh.  s.  fluvo-olivaceus  of  Panama,  as  described  by  Bangs, 
and  in  fact  from  all  the  other  forms,  but  we  cannot  see  that  these  birds  are  paler 
generally  than  R.  s.  sulphurescens,  except  on  the  underside,  where  this  is  striking. 

Bangs,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Washington,  xxiii.  p.  72.  1910,  described  a  new 
form  as : 

Rhynchocyclus  sulphurescens  asemus 

from  Jimenez,  W.  Colombia,  Merwyn  G.  Palmer  coll.,  but  the  description  does 
not  agree  with  our  example  from  the  same  place  and  collection.  We  suspect 
that  asemus  is  a  form  of  Rh.  cinereiceps,  which  would  then  not  be  a  subspecies 
of  sulphurescens,  as  suggested  by  Bangs,  but  a  distinct  species,  occurring 
together  with  forms  of  sulphurescens. 

We  have  a  specimen  identified  by  Hellmayr  as  Rh.  sulphurescens  aequa- 
torialis  from  West  Ecuador  which  onlj'  dift'ers  from  cinereiceps  in  having  a  slightly 
darker  grey  head  and  less  extended  grey  throat.  A  Peruvian  skin  named  Rh. 
sulph.  peruvianus  does  not  seem  to  differ  from  the  Ecuadorian  specimen.  Rh. 
megacephalus  flavotectvs  Hart.,  from  N.-W.  Ecuador,  has  been  considered  as  a 
subspecies  of  sulphurescens  by  Berlepseh  (Proc.  Orn.  Congr.  1905,  p.  482),  but  we 
are  convinced  that  this  is  a  mistake. 


416  XOVITATES    ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV.     1917. 

7.  Rhynchocydus  sulphurescens  flavo-olivaceus  LawT. 

Rhynchocydus  flavo-olivacem  Lawrence,  Ann.  Lye.  Xat.  Hist.  New  York,  viii.  p.  8  ("  1863" — Liou 
Hill,  Panama).     Cf.  Ridgway,  Birds  North  and  Middle  America,  iv.  391. 

Very  light  above  and  below,  crown  almost  uniform  with  back. 
Panama. 

9.  Note  on  the  distribution  of  Platyrhynchus  coronatus. 

In  Nov.  ZooL.  1902,  p.  607,  one  of  us  mentioned  Platyrhynchus  coronatus 
Scl.  as  being  found  at  Lita  and  Caclij'jacu  in  N.-W.  Ecuador,  We  find  now  that 
these  two  birds  are  not  typical  P.  coronatus,  described  from  East  Ecuador,  and 
extending  to  Western  Brazil  and  Guiana,  but  that  they  belong  to  PI.  coronatus 
superciliaris  Lawr.,  described  from  Panama,  or  to  a  new  subspecies,  closely 
allied  to  the  latter.  Our  two  West  Ecuadorian  birds  are  darker,  especially  on 
the  chest  and  sides  of  breast,  but  we  cannot  decide  from  two  specimens  whether 
these  differences  are  constant. 

10.  Forms  of  Dendrocolaptes  validus. 

Thanks  to  the  kindness  of  Lr.  Clubb  in  Liverpool  we  were  able  to  com- 
pare the  type  of  Dendrocolaptes  midlistrigatus  Eyton  in  the  Derby  collection, 
Liverpool  Museum.  It  agrees  absolutely  with  Colombian  skins  from  Bogota 
collections,  and  can  therefore  not  have  come  from  Peru,  but  from  Colombia- 
The  skin,  as  it  is  now,  is  in  excellent  condition,  but  has  been  mounted  and  dis- 
mounted. The  subspecies  of  Dendrocolaptes  validus,  now  that  the  identity  of 
muUistrigatus  is  cleared  up  (cf.  Hellmayr  and  Seilcrn,  Arch.  f.  Naturg.  Ixxviii. 
1912,  p.  117),  will  therefore  have  to  stand  as  follows  : 

1.  Dendrocolaptes  validus  validus  Tsch. 

Central  and  East  Peru,  and,  according  to  Hellmayr,  Western  Brazil,  also 
probably  East  Ecuador. 

2.  D.  validus  phtgosus  Salv.  and  Godman. 
British  Guiana  and  Cayenne  to  N.-E.  Brazil. 

3.  D.  validus  nudtistrigatus  Eyt. 

Colombia  :  Bogota  collections  and  Antioquia.  Hellmayr,  in  agreement 
with  other  authors,  unites  with  these  the  form  from  the  Andes  of  Merida  in 
Venezuela.  Three  specimens  in  the  Tring  Museum,  however,  show  the  bars 
on  the  abdomen  generally  narrower  and  less  continuous,  more  broken  up,  than 
in  Colombian  skins.  It  would,  therefore,  seem  to  be  probable  that  they 
formed  another  subspecies,  which  would  have  to  be  called  D.  validus  berlepschi 
(Mad.).  (See  Dendrexetastes  berlepschi  Madarasz,  Ann.  Mus.  Nat.  Hungar.  i. 
p.  463,  1903.) 

4.  D.  validus  seilerni  subsp.  nov. 

Differs — as  described  by  Hellmayr  and  Seilern — as  follows  from  D.  v. 
muUistrigatus  :    the  throat  is  less  uniform,  the  feathers  being  edged  with  oliva- 


NOVITATES    ZOOLOOICAE    XXIV.     1917.  417 

■  ceous  brown,  giving  the  throat  a  striped  appearance,  the  light  stripes  on  jugulum 
and  chest  are  conspicuously  narrower.  The  bars  on  the  underside  are  finer  and 
more  broken  up,  as  in  our  Merida  specimens.  Ihe  tail  is  slightlj-  darker.  Cf. 
Arch.  f.  Natnrg.  Ixxviii.  1912,  p.  117. 

Hab.  :    San  Esteban  and  Cumbre  de  Valencia. 

Type:  No.  2,803,  Cumbre  Chiquito  near  San  Esteban,  19.  xi.  1909. 
S.  M.  Klages  coll. 

5.  D.  validus  costaricensis  Ridgw. 

Costa  Rica  and  Chiriqui. 

Of  D.  puncticollis,  which,  according  to  Ridgway,  is  probablj'  a  subspecies 
of  validus.  we  have  no  specimens  in  the  Tring  Museum. 

11.  On  a  new  subspecies  of  Picolaptes  albolineatus. 

Comparing  our  series  in  the  Tring  Museum  of  what  is  called  Picolaptes 
albolineatus,  it  is  evident  that  there  must  be  several  distinct  races  ;  of  most 
of  these  our  material  is  not  large,  and  the  differences  are  very  slight,  but  birds 
from  the  littoral  of  North-eastern  Venezuela  stand  out  too  strikingly  to  be 
ignored.     We  propose  to  call  this  form  : 

Picolaptes    albolineatus  littoralis  subsp.  nov. 

This  subspecies  differs  from  typical  albolineatus  from  Colombia  in  the  upper- 
side  being  pale,  not  deep  rufous  brown  ;  the  ground-colour  of  the  crown  of  the 
head  being  generally  not  so  deep,  and  the  light  stripes  as  a  rule  wider.  Under- 
neath the  Ught  shaft-stripes  are  wider  and  more  buff,  less  creamy  white.  Per- 
haps this  new  form  is  also  larger,  as  the  wing  of  one  (male,  doubtless,  though 
not  sexed)  reaches  101  mm.,  but  others  are  smaller.  Females  are  much  smaller, 
a  difference  of  over  5  mm.     The  bill  appears  generally  to  be  slenderer. 

Hab.  Coastal  region  of  North  Venezuela. 

Type:  S  ad.,  Quebrada  Secca,  State  of  Cumana,  Venezuela,  9.  ii.  1898. 
No.  143,  Caracciolo  coll.     (Tring  Museum.) 

Of  this  form  we  have  two  specimens  from  the  State  of  Cumana,  two  from 
Guiria  on  the  Gulf  of  Paria,  collected  by  Comte  de  Dalmas,  and  two  taken  by 
Albert  Mocquerys  and  said  to  come  from  Valencia  ;  these  latter  may,  by  some 
mistake,  have  been  wTongly  labelled,  as  a  skin  from  San  Esteban,  inland  of 
Puerto  Cabello,  is  quite  different,  hardly  differing  from  Bogota  skins.  Judging 
from  three  skins,  collected  by  Andre  (cf.  HeUmayr,  Nov.  Zool.  xiii.  1906.  p.  30), 
the  Trinidad  birds  seem  to  agree  with  those  from  Cumana,  being  at  least  as 
pale  on  the  upperside,  though  the  under  surface  appears  to  be  more  greyish. 

Six  skins  from  the  Orinoco  Valley,  collected  by  Cherrie,  agree  on  the  whole 
very  well  with  Colombian  skins,  but  appear  to  be  sUglitly  more  greyish  under- 
neath. 

12.  Xenops  genibarbis  ridgwayi  subsp.  nov. 

While  the  South-American  forms  of  Xenops  genibarbis  have  been  excel- 
lently reviewed  by  Hellmayr  in  Nov.  Zool.  1907,  pp.  54,  55,  the  Central-American 
ones  have  hitherto  been  united  under  the  name  X.  genibarbis  mexica^ius  Scl., 


418  XOVITATES    ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV.     UI17. 

though  Ridgway  (Birds  oj  North  and  Middle  America,  v.  p.  174)  calls  attention  to 
the  differences  between  specimens  from  British  Honduras  and  Mexico  and  those 
from  Costa  Eica,  and  suggests  that  "  the  species  almost  certainly  requires 
further  subdivision." 

Looking  at  our  series  from  Guatemala,  which  agrees  apparently  with 
Mexican  specimens,  and  Panama  and  Costa  Rica,  the  difference  between  the 
former  (from  Guatemala)  and  those  from  Panama  and  Costa  Rica  is  so  striking, 
that  one  must  wonder  that  they  have  not  yet  been  separated.  The  specimens 
from  southern  Central  America,  i.e.  Costa  Rica  and  Panama,  are  much  less 
rusty  on  the  upperside,  the  crown  of  the  head  is  not  so  bro-wn,  and  the  under 
surface  considerably  more  olivaceous  ;  these  birds,  as  a  matter  of  fact,  differ 
at  a  glance,  but  are  very  closely  aUied  to  X.  genibarhis  littoralis  of  U'ostcrn 
Ecuador  and  X.  geniharbis  neglecUis  Todd  from  Northern  Venezuela.  From 
neglectus  they  differ  in  having  the  upperside  shghtly  browner,  the  under  surface 
not  quite  so  oUvaceous,  from  littoralis  in  having  the  crown  browner,  less  oUvaceous, 
the  breast  and  abdomen  hghter,  less  brownish  ohve.  When  describing  his 
X.  genibarbis  neglectus  (Proc.  Biol.  Sac.  Washington,  xxvi.  1913.  p.  173)  Todd 
should  have  compared  his  new  form  also  with  X.  g.  littoralis,  with  which  it 
agrees  much  better  in  the  more  olivaceous  underside,  unless  he  took  specimens 
of  our  ridgwayi  for  typical  mexicanits. 

Habitat  of  A",  g.  ridgivayi  :  Costa  Rica,  Panama,  and  the  Uttle  islands  of 
Iguaros,  Sevilla,  Almijas,  and  Medidor. 

Type  :  S  Tocoume,  Panama,  7.  iii.  1899.  E.  Andre  coll.  "Iris  very  dark 
brown.     Beak  black,  base  of  lower  mandible  pale.     Feet  dark  slate  "  (Andre). 

We  have  examined  14  skins  from  the  above-said  islands,  Panama  and 
Costa  Rica,  collected  by  J.  H.  Batty,  E.  Andre,  J.  Watson,  Underwood  and 
Cherrie.  Of  littoralis  the  Tring  Museum  possesses  5,  of  neglecta  2  specimens, 
the  latter  from  Las  Quigas  near  San  Esteban,  the  type  locahty,  and  the 
Cumbrc  de  Valencia,  collected  by  8.  M.  Klages. 

13.  Note  on  Xenops  rutilus  heterurus. 

In  Nov.  ZooL.  1908,  p.  147,  Count  Bcrlepsch  quoted  specimens  from 
Cayenne  as  X.  r.  heterurns,  though  stating  that  they  were  smaller  than  Bogota 
specimens,  and  had  more  black  in  the  tails  than  X.  r.  rutilvs.  The  fact  is  that 
the  Caj'enne  specimens  and  others  from  Surinam  differ  stril<ingly  from  X.  r. 
heterurns  in  size  and  shape  of  bill  and  colour  of  underside.  They  would  fonn  a 
distinct  new  subspecies,  unless  they  might  be  X.  tenuirostris.  which  is  unknown 
to  us.     The  extent  of  black  in  the  tail  varies  a  good  deal. 

14.  Note  on  Glyphorhynchus  cuneatus  castelnaudi  Des  Murs. 

The  distribution  of  the  various  forms  of  G.  cuneatus  is  evidently  very  little 
understood  at  present.  IMost  authors  have  treated  all  the  birds  from  Brazil 
to  Cayenne  and  the  Orinoco  as  typical  cuneatus,  while  Peruvian  and  Ecuadorian 
birds  were  separated  as  G.  cuneatus  castelnaudi.  Bogota  (Colombian)  speci- 
mens were  called  cas<ei?M«rf»  bj- Hellmayr  in  1911  (P.Z.8.,  1911,  p.  1152),  but 
Brabourne  and  Chubb  [List  B.  8.  Anier.  p.  248)  called  them  typical  cuneatus. 

G.  c.  cuneattis  is  probablj'  restricted  to  Eastern  Brazil  and  is  distinguished 


NOVITATES    ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV,     1017.  419 

from  castelnaudi  by  its  considerably  larger  bill.  'Ihis  is  striking  in  a  series  from 
Para  which  agree  with  those  from  Bahia. 

G.  caslelruiiidi  has  been  described  from  Peru  and  seems  to  extend  to 
Colombia. 

Specimens  from  Cayenne,  the  Orinoco  Valley,  British  Guiana,  and  Surinam 
are  in  no  case  typical  cuneatus  as  they  have  smaller  bills  and  a  more  uniform 
and  brighter  rufescent  throat.  They  are  very  closely  aUied  to  castelnaudi,  but 
differ  in  having  the  breast  and  abdomen  more  brownish,  not  quite  so  dark,  and 
the  throat  generally  more  rufescent,  the  upper  part  of  the  throat  being  in  many 
specimens  almost  uniform  rufous.  The  bill  is  generally  less  powerful,  especially 
if  seen  from  below.     We  propose  for  this  form  the  name  : 

Glyphyrhynchus  cuneatus  simillimus  subs  p.  nov. 

Type:  (J Ipousin,  Approuague  River,  Cayenne,  0.  i.  1903.  No.  13,020,  Geo.  K. 
Cherrie  coll. 

15.  Xiphorhynchus  nanus  demonstratus  subsp.  nov. 

It  has  already  been  pointed  out  by  Hellmayr  and  Seilern  (Archiv  /.  Natvrg. 
Ixxviii.  pp.  110,  111,  1912)  that  specimens  from  Northern  Venezuela  differ  from 
typical  Tianus  from  Panama.  There  is  no  doubt  that  this  is  the  case,  the  ground- 
colour of  the  crown  being  less  black,  the  buff  spots  on  the  head  and  nape  gener- 
ally wider,  the  underside  being  more  rusty  yellowish.  Hellmayr  and  Seilern 
called  attention  to  some  other  differences,  which  we  cannot  find  to  exist  at  all, 
as  they  are  quite  variable,  and  to  the  smaller  size  of  the  North- Venezuelan  birds. 
This  latter  character  is  doubtful.  Six  Venezuelan  males  have  the  wings  lOS-110 
mm.,  two  females  97  and  99,  while  Panama  males  have  wings  of  110-114,  but 
females  93-97  mm. 

Habitat  of  X.  n.  demonstratus  :  North-western  Venezuela  from  Tocuyo  to 
Puerto  Cabello. 

Type:  S  ad.  San  Esteban  Valley,  11,  xi.  1909,  No.  2,823,  S.  M.  Klages 
coU.     (In  Tring  Museum.) 

Mr.  Hellmayr  treats  X.  nanus  as  a  subspecies  of  guttatus,  but  it  is  perhaps 
safer  to  be  a  bit  hesitating  at  present  in  grouping  these  forms. 

Bangs  (Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Washington,  xxiii.  p,  72,  1910)  described,  appar- 
ently from  a  single  specimen  (!)a  X.  rosenbergi  iiom  the  Cauca  Valley  in  Western 
Colombia.  We  have  from  the  same  valley  a  specimen  collected  by  the  late 
J.  H.  Batty,  sexed  "$"  but  with  awing  of  114  mm.,  so  that  it  must  be  a 
male!  If  this  is  the  bird  described  by  Bangs,  then  the  description  is  rather 
misleading,  for  it  should  not  have  been  compared  with  the  rather  different 
cMmchotambo,  which  has  much  more  rounded  scaly  spots  on  the  throat  and 
jugulum  and  a  straighter  bill.  Our  specimen  from  the  Rio  Cauca  resembles 
so  closely  the  typical  nana  from  Panama,  that  we  are  unable  to  state  any 
differences  at  all. 

Ridgway  {Birds  North  awl  Middle  America,  v.  p.  251)  extends  the  range 
of  naiM  to  Colombia,  but  does  not  mention  Venezuela  at  all. 


420  XOVITATES   ZOOI.OOICAE   XXIV.    1917. 

ON    THE    FOEMS    OF    COT  URN IX   COTURNIX. 

By  ERNST  HARTERT,  I'li.D. 

IN  the  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.  {xxii.  pp.  230-2-10)  two  species  and  one  subspecies 
of  palaearctic  Quails  were  admitted  : 

1.  Coturnix  coturnix  :  "  Europe,  Asia  (except  the  south-west  corner,  Siani, 
etc.),  Africa."' 

2.  Subsp.  a.  Coturnix  capensis  :  "  South  Africa,  south  of  about  15°  S.  lat., 
Mauritius,  Madagascar,  Comoro  Islands,  Cape  Verd  Islands,  Canaries,  Madeira, 
and  Azores." 

3.  Coturnix  japonica  :  "  Japan,  Manchuria,  S.E.  Mongolia,  and  China, 
as  far  south  as  Canton.  Specimens  have  also  been  obtained  in  Bhootan  and 
Karen-nee." 

Our  friend  the  author  of  volume  xxii.  was  at  the  time  satisfied  with 
the  results  of  his  study  of  the  genus,  for  he  says  :  "  Perhaps  no  species  of  Game 
Birds  has  been  more  confused,  and  their  changes  of  plumage  less  understood, 
than  the  Common  Quail  (Coturnix  coturnix)  and  its  near  ally  the  Japanese 
Quail  (C.  japonica)  ;  and  I  am  pleased  that  I  have  now  at  last  discovered 
definite  and  well-marked  characters  by  which  both  the  males  and  females  of 
these  two  species  may  be  readily  distinguished,  while  the  intermediate  forms 
are,  as  I  shall  presently  show,  undoubtedly  the  results  of  interbreeding."  Dr. 
Stejneger  has  already,  long  ago,  pointed  out  that  he  did  not  show  that  his 
supposed  hybrids  were  hybrids,  but  merely  said  they  were,  while,  in  fact, 
there  was,  in  our  opinion,  no  reason  whatever  for  this  theory.  From  the  dis- 
tribution admitted  for  capensis  (rectius  africana),  it  is,  among  others,  difficult 
to  understand  how  Indian  Quails  could  be  regarded  as  the  results  of  hybridisa- 
tion of  C.  coturnix  coturnix  and  capensis.  It  will  be  seen  that,  though  in  the 
"  habitat  "  the  sweeping  statement  "  Africa  "  is  made,  not  a  single  skin  from 
that  continent,  except  two  from  Egypt,  was  known  to  be  in  the  British  Museum 
in  1893,  when  vol.  xxii.  of  the  Cat.  B.  was  published.  The  fact  is,  that  it  only 
breeds  in  Egypt  and  in  Africa  Minor,  i.e.  in  the  fertile  districts  of  Marocco, 
Algeria,  Tunisia,  and  Tripoli.  It  passes  through  the  Nile  Valley  and  winters  in 
great  numbers  in  parts  of  Abyssinia,  and  has  been  recorded  from  the  White 
Nile,  Kordofan,  and  Rcichenow  mentions  one  as  obtained  by  Emin  at  Mahagi 
in  Uganda.  The  Quail  also  passes  through  the  Western  Sahara  south  of  Algeria, 
and  must  winter  in  the  districts  immediately  south  of  the  Sahara,  but  the  only 
western  localities  on  record  seem  to  be  as  follows  :  Rendall  says  that  they  were 
common  on  the  Gambia  in  February  and  March,  but  it  seems  that  skins  were 
not  preserved.  There  is,  however,  a  skin  of  a  female  in  the  British  Jluseum, 
which  was  recorded  as  ajricana  in  the  Cat.  B.  p.  238,  but  it  belongs  to  C.  c.  coturnix. 
Shelley  and  Buckley  say  that  they  shot  one  at  Accra,  but  did  not  preserve  it ! 
Verreaux  gives  as  locaUty  the  Casamanze,  but  before  the  specimen  is  re-examined, 
one  cannot  be  certain  about  it.  Boyd  Alexander  shot  a  S  near  Mafoni  (at 
"Marou"),  south-west  of  Lake  Chad  in  Northern  Hausaland,  on  November  21st, 
1904,  which  I  have  examined. 

As  the  occurrence  of  the  South  African  Quail  in  all  these  districts  is  not 


NOTTTATEB   ZoOLOOICAE   XXIV.    1917.  421 

known,  a  pairing  of  European  and  African  Quail  cannot  take  place,  unles.s  one 
surmises  that  the  former  make  a  circular  flight  round  the  Atlantic  Islands 
(Madeira,  Azores,  Canaries),  where  close  allies  of  C.  c.  africana  (  =  capensis)  are 
found  ;  but  even  then  there  would  be  no  .sensible  explanation  how  the  results 
of  their  wickedness  could  reach  such  extraordinarily  different  places  as  Cape 
Colony,  Gibraltar,  England,  Austria,  Hungary,  Greece,  and  India  :  all  places 
where,  according  to  Mr.  Ogilvie-Grant,  "intermediate  forms,"  i.e.  hybrids 
(of.  his  explanations  on  p.  231,  and  the  labels  in  the  British  Museum), 
are  found.  The  fact  is,  that  the  supposed  hybrid  specimens  from  South  Africa 
are  less  typical  C.  c.  africana,  and  those  from  Europe  red-faced  varieties  of  the 
type  of  the  so-called  Coturnix  baldami  and  others  ;  mostly  the  former  can  be 
distinguished  by  their  shorter  wings,  though  otherwise,  in  coloration,  hght 
varieties  of  C.  c.  africana  and  dark  ones  of  C.  c.  coturnix  are  sometimes  difficult 
to  distinguish. 

The  European  C.  c.  coturnix,  besides  nesting  in  Europe  and  North  Africa, 
extends  in  Asia  as  far  east  as  Lake  BaUial,  but  not  farther  eastwards.  Mr. 
Ogilvie-Grant  said  that  it  occurred  in  Asia  "except  the  south-west  corner,  Siam, 
etc.,"  but  he  evidently  meant  south-east  corner ;  he  admits  skins  from  China 
and  Japan  as  C.  c.  coturnix,  s.nA  in  the  same  places  ever  so  many  hybrids  between 
the  latter  and  japonica.  This  is  a  mistake.  On  p.  230  he  gave  one  to  under- 
stand that  he  was  going  to  explain  the  changes  of  plumage  in  the  C.  c.  japonica, 
but  he  has  not  done  so,  and  evidently  himself  misunderstood  them.  He  accepts 
that  the  adult  male — apparently  at  all  seasons — has  the  "  sides  of  the  head, 
chin,  and  throat  uniform  dull  brick-red,  without  a  trace  of  the  anchor-shaped 
mark,"  while  adult  females  and  young  males  have  the  throat-feathers  elongate 
and  lanceolate.  Now  the  moults  of  the  Quails  are  very  interesting  :  there  is 
a  complete  moult  of  the  entire  plumage  after  the  breeding  season,  but  there 
is  also  another,  partial,  moult  in  the  spring  ;  this  latter  moult  is  apparently 
restricted  to  the  head,  neck,  back,  and  chest,  and  it  seems  to  be  very  irregular, 
some  signs  of  moult  being  found  in  winter,  while  even  in  May  Mr.  Witherby 
shot  moulting  males  in  South-west  Persia.  In  the  European  Quail  this  moult 
produces  no  evident  difference  in  plumage  at  all,  while  in  the  eastern  race,  C.  c. 
japonica,  it  produces  a  very  marked  change  !  The  throat-feathers  are  elongate 
and  lanceolate  in  winter,  and  in  winter  only.  Every  winter  bird  with  trust- 
worthy date,  both  male  and  female,  has  these  elongate  and  lanceolate  feathers, 
though  they  vary  in  length  and  pointedness,  and  every  spring-bird  has  rounded, 
shorter,  "  ordinary "  throat-feathers.  Moreover,  there  are  in  the  British 
Museum  and  in  the  Rothschild  collection  males  which  clearly  moult  from  the 
hackle-throated  plumage  into  the  round-feathered,  rufous-throated  one.  These 
birds,  according  to  their  state  of  plumage,  are  fully  adult,  and  not  at  all  juvenile 
individuals.  In  the  adult  males  in  spring  the  whole  throat  is  dull  brick-red, 
but  the  black  anchor-shaped  mark  is  sometimes  indicated  or  even  well  developed. 
In  the  winter  the  male  has  the  throat  white,  mostly  with  a  more  or  less  deve- 
loped black  mark  along  the  middle  ;  the  female  has  no  black  mark  on  the 
throat,  and  differs,  of  course,  from  the  male  in  having  the  crop  and  chest  more 
or  less  spotted,  Uke  females  of  the  other  subspecies  of  Quails.  The  adult  female 
in  spring  and  summer  is  so  much  like  that  of  C.  c.  coturnix  that  I  am  unable  to 
give  constant  distinguishing -characters,  though  C.  c.  japonica  is  generally 
smaller  :    \vings,  <J  98-102,  ?  100-106,  against  S  104-115,  ?  106-117  mm.  in  C.  c. 

28 


422  .  NOVITATES    ZOOLOOICAE    XXIV.     1917. 

coturnix.  Since  C.  c.  coturnix  is  never  found  in  East  Asia,  hybrids  between  it 
and  C.  c.  japonica  do  not  and  cannot  occur. 

More  difficult  than  the  distinction  between  the  western  and  eastern  races, 
C.  c.  coturnix  and  japonica,  are  the  forms  which  inhabit  Africa  and  the  Atlantic 
islands. 

According  to  Mr.  Ogilvie-Grant,  C.  c.  africana  (his  capensis)  inhabits  "  South 
Africa,  south  of  about  15°  S.  lat.,  Mauritius,  Madagascar,  Comoro  Islands, 
Cape  Verd  Islands,  Canaries,  Madeira,  and  Azores."  Ihis  would  be  a  most 
astounding  distribution  and  requires  much  investigation  and  alteration.  It 
would  mean  that  the  same  form  inhabited  South  Africa  and  the  Cape  Verd  Isles, 
with  no  such  Quail  in  an  area  of  25  degrees  of  latitude  between  the  two  areas, 
i.e.  the  Cunene  River  and  the  Cape  Verd  Islands.  But,  worse  luck,  the  Quail, 
inhabiting  the  Cape  Verd  Islands  is  not  at  all  of  the  group  of  africana  !  It  is 
true  that  there  is  a  male  in  the  British  Museum,  presented  by  Bouvier,  which 
belongs  to  C.  c.  africana  and  is  labelled  as  coming  from  the  Cape  Verd  Isles,  but 
no  date  and  no  exact  locality  is  given.  I  therefore  do  not  accept  tliis  evidence 
at  all,  since  more  recently  Boyd  Alexander  collected  a  nice  little  series  on  Sao 
Nicolau  and  other  islands,  and  caught  the  downy  young,  showing  that  these 
Quails  breed  there  in  November  !  Now,  these  Quails  are  hardly  distinguish- 
able from  the  European  C.  c.  coturnix,  but  they  are  smaller  :  wings,  S  99-106, 
?  100-105  mm.,  against  104-115  and  106-117  mm.  in  C.  c.  coturnix.  From  the 
specimens  examined  I  am  not  able  to  state  constant  differences  in  colour,  but 
it  seems  that  the  throat  is  oftener  spotted  and  the  neck  above  more  brownish. 
I  name  the  Cape  Verd  Quail : 


Coturnix  cohimix  inopinata  subsp.  nov. 

Type:  <J  ad.,  Sao  Nicolau,  7.  xi.  1897,  Boyd  Alexander  coll.  (In  the 
Tring  Museum.) 

Proceeding  northwards,  we  come  next  to  the  Canary  Islands.  From  observa- 
tions by  various  ornithologists,  it  seems  certain  that  the  European  C.  c.  coturnix 
passes  through  these  islands  on  migration  while  another  form  of  the  africana 
group  is  breeding  and  resident.  From  the  material  hitherto  examined  I  am 
unable  to  separate  the  birds  from  the  Canaries  from  those  which  inhabit  Madeira. 

The  Madeira  Quail  resembles  C.  c.  conturbans,  but  is  larger  ;  the  upperside 
looks  generally  lighter,  though  the  rump  is  in  most  specimens  much  darker, 
blacker,  but  the  light  shaft-stripes  are  wider,  the  upper  wing-coverts  darker  and 
not  so  cinnamon-brown  ;  the  throat  shows  more  white,  and  in  the  majority 
of  specimens  the  middle  of  the  abdomen  is  lighter  and  mostly  quite  white.  The 
wings  of  Madeiran  males  measure  106-112,  females  107-113  mm.,  in  males  from 
the  Canary  Islands,  107-110,  once  104,  once  103  mm.  I  was,  however,  only 
able  to  examine  3  males  and  5  females  from  Madeira,  altogether  9  <J  and  3  ?  from 
the  Canary  Islands,  in  the  British,  Tring  (2  (J),  and  Liverpool  (1  (j,  1  ?  in  the 
Tristram  collection)  Museums.  Some  Canary  Islands  males  resemble  more  C.  c. 
conturbans,  especially  the  male  in  the  Liverpool  Museum.  There  is,  as  usual 
in  Quails,  much  variation. 

I  name  this  form  : 


NOVITATES   ZOOLOaiCAE    XXIV.     1917.  423 

Cotumix  cotumix  confisa  subsp.  no  v. 

Type:  S  ad.  12.  ix.  1903,  Ponta  de  Pargo,  Madeira.  Received  from 
Padre  Schmitz.     (In  the  Tring  Museum.) 

In  the  last  group  of  North  Atlantic  Isles,  the  Azores,  Quails  are  also 
common  and  resident. 

Now,  the  Azores  birds  are,  strange  to  say,  almost  exactly  like  the  South 
African  C.  c.  africana,  a  fact  which,  in  consideration  of  the  enormous  distance 
of  their  two  areas,  is  most  unexpected.  There  is.  however,  one  difference  :  the 
outer  aspect  of  the  wings,  that  is  to  say,  the  upper  wdng-coverts  and  inner 
secondaries  are  of  a  more  rusty  cinnamon-brown  tinge,  wliile  they  are  darker 
and  generally  more  olivaceous  in  C.  c.  africana.  There  appears  to  be  no  con- 
stant difTerence  in  size,  though  the  wngs  of  twenty  specimens  measured  do 
not  reach  beyond  105  mm.,  while  they  go  to  109  mm.  in  C.  c.  africana.  I  pro- 
pose to  call  the  Azores  Quail : 

Cotumix  cotumix  conturbans  subsp.  nov. 

Type  :  o'  ad.  Santa  Maria,  400  ft.,  3.  iii.  1903.  W.  R.  Ogilvie-Grant  coll. 
(In  the  Tring  Museum.) 

Last  of  all,  let  us  consider  the  distribution  of  the  real  C.  c.  africana.  As  I 
have  said  above,  according  to  Mr.  Ogilvie-Grant  it  inhabits  South  Africa  south 
of  about  15°  S.  lat.,  Mauritius,  Madagascar,  Comoro  Islands,  Cape  Verd  Islands, 
Canaries,  ^Madeira,  and  Azores.  I  have  already  discussed  the  Atlantic  Islands, 
where  other  subspecies,  but  not  typical  africana,  are  resident.  The  birds,  on 
the  other  hand,  from  the  Comoro  Isles,  Madagascar,  and  JIauritius  are,  I  am 
only  too  glad  to  agree,  indistinguishable  from  South  African  ones,  though  I 
must  say  that  I  have  seen  only  one  single  bird  without  history  said  to  be  from 
Mauritius,  in  the  British  Museum  :  there  is  no  proof  that  it  actually  came  from 
Mauritius,  where  it  might  not  be  at  home  at  all.  Mr.  Ogilvie-Grant  also 
enumerates  a  skin  of  a  female  from  the  Ciambia,  but  this  is,  in  my  opinion,  a 
specimen  of  the  migratory  European  C.  c.  cotumix.  Moreover,  since  the  Cata- 
logue of  Birds,  vol.  xxii.,  was  ^vritten,  we  have  some  evidence  of  the  extension, 
in  Eastern  Africa,  north  of  the  Zambesi,  while  in  the  west  it  is  not  known  to 
occur  north  of  the  Cunene  River.  Tliere  are  several  specimens  in  the  British 
Museum  from  Nyassaland.  Von  Stegniann  shot  one  south  of  the  Kai'issimbi 
volcano  (north  of  Lake  Kivu),  and  Rudolf  Grauer  collected  one  on  the  foot-hills 
of  the  same  mountain  ;  Reichenow  mentions  a  specimen  from  the  Rugege  forest ; 
Crawshai  obtained  one  north-east  of  Fort  Smith,  in  Kikuvn  ;  all  these  latter 
were  single  specimens,  which  seems  to  show  that  the  bird  is  rare  in  all  these 
places,  but  Dr.  van  Someren  says  that  near  Eiubu  and  Kyambu  in  British  East 
Africa  it  is  sometimes  common. 

There  is  also  a  skin  in  the  Britieh  Museum,  collected  near  Gibraltar  by  the 
late  Colonel  Irby.  Mr.  Ogilvie-Grant  called  it  an  "  intermediate  form  between 
Cotumix  cotumix  and  C.  africana,"  but  to  me  it  seems  to  be  a  male  of  the 
South  African  africana  ;  it  agrees  with  the  latter  in  colour,  the  wing-coverts 
being  very  deep  brown,  but  the  wng  measures  about  110  mm.,  which  is  very 
long  for  africana.  It  is  marked  "  spring  1872,"  no  exact  date  being  given  ;  tlie 
primaries  of  the  left  wing  are  torn  out.      \\'eie  Colonel  Irby  alive,  he  could 


424  NOVITATES  ZoOLoaiCAE  XXIV.    1.917. 

doubtless  tell  us  how  he  got  it,  but  he  evidently  did  not  shoot  it,  and  one  cannot 
but  regret  the  absence  of  its  full  history.  If  it  is  a  South  African  Quail,  it 
cannot  have  been  wild  at  Gibraltar  ;  the  same  can  be  said  if  it  should  be  an  aber- 
rantly dark  Madei'ran  bird.  That  it  is  a  hybrid  is,  in  my  opinion,  absolutely 
impossible,  nor  is  there  any  evidence,  as  it  is  typically  dark  and  red  for  africana, 
not  in  the  least  intermediate  between  the  latter  and  C.  c.  cohirnix. 

Colonel  Irby  tells  us  that  Spanish  shooters  and  bird-catchers  distinguish 
between  the  resident  and  migratory  Quails,  and  says  that  he  also  found  them 
to  be  different.  I  have  very  little  confidence  in  such  vague  statements  of  bird- 
catchers  and  shooters ;  they  may  have  once  established  such  a  statement,  possibly 
based  on  comparison  of  the  breeding  birds  in  spring  with  autumnal  migrants, 
and  then  repeated  it  from  generation  to  generation  ;  but  it  is  difficult  to  under- 
stand that  an  excellent  observer  and  field-ornithologist  like  the  late  Colonel 
Irby  should  have  omitted  to  collect  specimens  to  show  these  differences.  Apart 
from  the  dark  varieties  of  Valencia  (which  occur  also  in  Italy  and  elsewhere, 
also  among  cage-birds),  there  are  comparatively  many  very  bright-coloured  birds 
among  the  half  dozen  Spanish  Quails  which  I  have  been  able  to  compare,  but 
a  series  is  nowhere  available  ;  there  is,  however,  no  probability  that  a  separate 
subspecies  occurs  in  Spain,  since  the  birds  from  North-west  Africa  do  not  differ 
from  C.  c.  coturnix. 

We  have  now  to  distinguish  the  following  races  of  G.  coturnix  : 

C.  coturnix  coturnix  (L.). 

Europe  to  Yenisey  and  Lake  Baikal,  south  to  Marocco,  Algeria,  Tunisia, 
Egypt,  and  Persia,  also  in  small  numbers  nesting  in  North-west  India. 
Wintering  chiefly  in  Northern  Tropical  Africa  south  of  the  Sahara  (south  to 
Gambia  and  Abyssinia),  in  Arabia  and  India. 

?  C.  coturnix  corsicana  Tschusi. 

Described  from  two  winter  birds,  which  were  smaller  and  darker.  Other 
Quails  from  Corsica  (Laubmann,  Hartert)  are  typical  C.  c.  coturnix.  but  they 
may  be  migratory  birds.  Material  from  the  spring  and  summer  months  must 
be  compared  in  order  to  settle  the  question  of  a  possible  Corsican  race. 

C.  coturnix  confisa  Hart. 
Madeira  and  Canary  Islands. 

C.  coturnix  inopinata  Hart.  • 

Cape  Verd  Islands. 


C.  coturnix  conturbans  Hart. 


Azores. 


C.  coturnix  africana  Temm.  and  Schleg.* 
South  Africa,  in  the  east  north  to  Uganda  ;  Madagascar,  and  Comoro  Islands. 

*  Called  in  the  Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus,  xxii.  C.  capensis,  but  it  is  now  universally  known  that  the 
earlier  name  a/ricana  had  been  overlooked,  and  Mr.  Ogilvie-Grant  usesit  too  in  hie  recent  writings, 
as  in  1905  and  1912. 


NonfATES  ZOOLOGICAB   XXIV.    1917.  425 

G.  coturnix  erlangeri  Zedl. 

Near  Harar  in  Abyssinia.  According  to  Erlanger  and  Zedlitz,  \^ith  black 
instead  of  rufous  jugulum. 

C.  coturnix  japonica  Jemm.  and  Schleg. 

East  Siberia  from  Dauria  (Transbaikalia)  to  the  Amur  and  Ussuriland, 
south  to  China  and  Japan.  In  winter  to  Hainan  and  Formosa,  in  small  num- 
bers to  Burma  and  Bhutan.     (Not  known  from  the  Loo-Choo  (Riu-Kiu)  Islands.) 


426  NOVITATES    ZOOLOOICAB    XXIV.    Ifll?. 


DESCEIPTION   OF    THE   FEMALE    OF    TROIDES 
ALLOT TE I  EOTHSCH. 

By  H.  M.  PEEBLES,  F.E.S,  AND  W.  SCHMASSMANN,  F.E.S. 

Head  and  thorax.  Velvety  black,  with  no  trace  of  red  on  sides  below  ; 
abdomen  grey  on  top,  golden  yellow  on  sides  and  below.  Basal  segment  black 
with  golden  spot  on  each  side,  second  segment  darker  on  top  than  the  remain- 
ing ones,  black  lateral  spots  on  segments  3-7.  Below  segments  1-7  are  divided 
by  black. 

Forewing  above.  Brownish  black  with  spots  in  cell,  apical  and  discal  area 
suffused  with  brownish  grey.  In  upper  third  of  cell,  close  to  the  upper  median, 
a  quadrate  spot  of  3  mm.,  and  at  a  distance  of  3  mm.  from  the  lower  median 
an  elongate  spot  of  7  mm.  by  3  mm.  opposite  D*.  In  apical  area  a  row  of 
four  elongated  spots  between  SC  and  R=,  those  between  SC*  and  SC'-R'  are 
wedge-shaped  and  pointed  towards  base  but  rounded  towards  apex.  The 
other  two  are  rounded  off  towards  base  but  cut  off  oblique  at  the  apical  end. 
Three  spots  are  nearly  of  same  length,  15  mm.,  but  the  one  between  SC'-R'  is 
25  mm.  long.  Counting  from  costa,  the  basal  termination  of  the  spots  Nos.  1,  3, 
and  4  form  a  straight  line.  Nos.  3  and  4  each  with  brownish  spot.  Between 
vein  R'"',  at  a  distance  of  15  mm.  from  margin,  a  small  triangular  spot  of  3  mm., 
and  6  mm.  from  it  a  small  submarginal  spot,  one  of  a  row  of  four,  of  which 
those  between  veins  SM'-R^  are  placed  closer  towards  margin.  Counting  from 
hindmargin  Nos.  1  and  4  are  of  equal  size,  2  mm.,  No.  3  half  the  size,  and  No.  2 
double  the  size  in  length  but  the  same  in  width.  There  are  three  discal  spots, 
of  which  the  one  between  M'  and  M'  is  the  largest,  22  mm.  long  and  7  mm.  wide, 
cut  off  straight  towards  base,  but  pointed  at  marginal  end  close  to  vein  M', 
which  applies  also  to  the  spot  between  SM'  and  M',  but  which  is  only  half  the 
size.  The  third  spot  between  R'  and  M'  is  the  smallest,  segment^shaped,  and 
3  mm.  from  cell.  Row  of  four  black  submarginal  spots  of  underside  showing 
faintly  on  upperside. 

Hindwing  above.  Basal  half  deep  brownish  black,  veins  and  margin  (3  mm.) 
the  same  colour.  There  are  six  discal  spots  and  the  same  number  of  submar- 
ginal spots.  The  discal  spots  are  of  slightly  lighter  colour  tlian  those  of  the 
forewing  ;  the  submarginal  spots  are  heavily  shaded  with  brownish  black.  The 
discal  spots  do  not  touch  the  cell,  which  has  no  spot.  Both  wings  have  short 
white  marginal  fringes  between  veins. 

Forewing  beloti'.  Ground-colour  deeper  brownish  black,  markings  the  same 
as  above  but  more  whitish  in  colour. 

Hindwing  below.  Nearly  black,  darker  than  forewing,  markings  as  above 
with  the  exception  of  an  additional  discal  spot  between  C  and  SC  of  grey 
colour.  The  submarginal  spot  between  these  veins  pale  j'ellow.  The  other 
discal  spots  whitish  and  the  submarginal  ones  lighter  than  above. 

Length  of  fore^ving  :    97  mm.     Expanse:    201  mm. 

One  specimen  in  coll.  H.  M.  Peebles. 


NOVITATEB    ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV.    1917.  427 

[Pere  Allotte,  who  sent  me  the  a  type  of  the  species,  was  convinced  that 
it  was  a  hybrid  between  Troide-s  priatnus  urvilleariiis  and  Troides  victoriae  regis. 
The  underside  of  the  ?,  and  the  neuration  of  the  fore  wings  in  both  (J  and  $,  which 
is  exactly  intermediate  between  the  above  two  species,  gives  a  great  confirma- 
tion of  this  idea  ;  however,  the  fact  of  the  two  known  ^^  being  exactly  alike 
and  the  great  scarcity  of  hybrids  in  nature  makes  me  doubt  the  correctness 
of  this  theory. — Rothschild.] 


428  XOVITATEe    ZOOLOGICAB    XXIV.     1 017. 

NEW  AFRICAN   GEOMETRIDAE. 

By  LOUIS  B.  PROUT,  F.E.S. 
SuBFAM.  OENOCHROMINAE. 
1.  Cartaletis  libyssa  natalensis  subsp.  nov. 

Abdomen  with  the  white  spots  smaller  than  in  I.  libyssa,  I.  montcironis,  and 
I.  etheliiirla.  the  black  area  which  separates  the  dorsal  and  lateral  rows  broader 
than  their  diameter.     Ground-colour  slightly  deeper  than  in  I.  libyssa. 

Forewing  with  the  black  border  on  an  average  broader,  its  proximal  edge 
very  gently  and  ahnost  evenly  curved,  or  sometimes  slightly  bent  about  M' 
(never  with  the  strong  bend  in  front  of  M'  which  is  so  frequent  in  the  other  forms 
named)  ;  the  contained  white  spot.^  generally  somewhat  smaller,  the  last  one 
(behind  M')  nearly  always  wanting  (if  present,  quite  rudimentary).* Hind- 
wing  with  the  black  border  generally  widened. 

C4riqualand  to  Pondoland.  Type  S.  Durban  (G.  F.  Leigh),  in  coll.  Tring 
JIuseum. 

This  form  has  stood  in  the  British  Museum  collection  as  libyssa  and  has 
consequently  been  mentioned  under  that  name  by  Rogers,  Trans.  Ent.  Soc. 
Lond.  1908,  p.  522,  as  "  the  well-known  south-eastern  species."  Hopflcr,  how- 
ever, described  and  figured  the  species  from  Mozambique,  and  his  form  inhabits 
German  East  Africa,  Zanzibar,  etc.,  differing  only  frcm  the  form  monieironis 
Druce  in  its  deeper  colour.  The  new  form  similarlj'  differs  only  from  concolor 
Warr.  in  its  deeper  colour,  and  it  is  not  impossible  that  we  are  dealing 
with  two  species — libyssa  =  monieironis  =  ethelinda  and  concolor  =  natalensis. 
Warren  labelled  this  Natal  form  rubra,  but  I  have  departed  from  my  usual 
practice  of  adopting  an  available  MS.  name,  inasmuch  as  the  reddest  race  in 
the  collective  species  (or  group)  is  ethelinda  Kirb}%  from  Nyassaland. 

SuBFAM.  HEMITHEINAE. 
2.  Prasinocyma  tranquilla  spec.  nov. 

cJ,  22  mm.  ;  2,  26  mm.  Face  and  palpus  hght  red-brown  ;  palpus  in  o 
scarcely  longer  than  diameter  of  eye,  in  ?  fully  one-and-a-half  times  as  long, 
with  third  joint  Uttle  elongate.  Vertex  narrow!}'  white  ;  occiput  green.  Thorax 
above  green,  beneath  whitish  ;  abdomen  mostly  whitish.  Hindtibia  in  (J  not 
dilated. 

Forewing  with  SC  anastomosing  with  C  ;  smooth,  uniform  malachite  green, 
without  white  irroration  or  strigulation  ;  costal  edge  narrowly  pale  cchreous  ; 
cell-dot  very  faintly  indicated  in  darker  green  ;    fringe  green  proximally,  white 

distally. Hindwing   with   termen   smooth,   rounded,   tornus  not  produced  ; 

concolorous  with  forewing,  at  base  of  costa  more  whitish  ;  cell-dot  as  on  fore- 
wing or  scarcely  indicated  ;   fringe  as  on  forewing. 

•  It  is  curious  that  Hopffer's  figure  (of  libyssa  name-type)  does  not  show  this  spot,  but  it  is 
mentioned  in  his  description ;    it  is  generally  well  developed  in  this  and  the  nearly  allied  races. 


NOVITATES    ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV.     1917.  «2tt 

Both  wings  beneath  slightly  paler,  the  posterior  half  of  forewing  inclining  to 
whitish. 

Diredaua,  N.W.  of  Harar,  1914  (G.  Kristensen).  A  long  series,  mostly  Sd, 
in  coll.  Tring  Museum. 

The  shade  of  green — almost  identical  with  that  of  the  forewing  of  Rhadinom- 
phax  divincta  Walk. — distinguishes  this  species  at  a  glance  from  its  allies. 

3.  Pseudheniithea  exomila  spec.  nov. 

(J,  24  mm.  Face  and  palpus  red.  Vertex  narrowly  white  ;  occiput  green. 
Antenna  wth  minute  ciliation,  less  than  half  as  long  as  diameter  of  shaft. 
Thorax  and  abdomen  greenish  above,  whitish  beneath  ;  crests  scarcely  developed. 
Hindtibia  with  all  spurs. 

Forewing  with  apex  very  slightly  produced,  termen  little  oblique  anteriorly, 
slightly  gibbous  in  middle,  oblique  posteriorly  ;  SC  connate  or  shortly  stalked, 
anastomosing  at  a  point  with  C  ;  dull  oUve  green,  slightly  irrorated  with  white  ; 
costal  edge  narrowlj'  ochreous  ;  a  thick  lunulate-dentate  white  postniedian  line 
from  near  costa  at  nearly  three-fourths,  incurved  between  the  radials  and  be- 
tween M'  and  SM',  the  outward  teeth  at  R'  and  M'  strong  ;   fringe  concolorous. 

• Hindwing  with  termen  gibbous,  slightly  bent  at  R',  but  not  at  R' ;  C  closely 

approximated  to  SC  for  a  short  distance  beyond  the  point  of  anastomosis  ;  post- 
median  line  as  on  forewing. 

Underside  whitish,  shaded  (especially  on  the  forewing)  wth  olive,  the  fore- 
wing with  the  costal  region  and  both  wings  with  the  fringe  deeper  olive,  the 
forewing  with  slight  indications  of  the  white  postmedian  line,  proximally  to 
which  the  olive  shading  is  rather  strong. 

Bitye,  Ja  River,  Cameroons,  2,000  ft.,  September — November  1911  (G.  L. 
Bates).  Type  in  coll.  Tring  Museum.  Paratype  (wet  season,  without  date) 
in  coll.  Joicey,  considerably  rubbed,  but  with  the  postmedian  hne  evidently 
rather  less  thick. 

Quite  aberrant  in  the  presence  of  the  median  spurs  and  in  several  minor 
characters,  but  clearly  belonging  to  the  Hemithea  group  and  best  referred  for 
the  present  to  Psevdhemithea,  on  account  of  the  minute  palpus. 

SuBFAM.  STERRHINAE. 
4.  Somatina  probleptica  spec.  nov. 

<J  ?,  30-31  mm.  Face  black,  narrowly  white  below.  Palpus  short,  white 
above  and  on  outer  side  brown  with  a  few  black  scales.  Antenna  in  <J  dentate, 
with  fascicles  of  longish  ciUa,  in  $  minutely  ciliated.  Vertex,  thorax,  and  ab- 
domen white  ;  abdomen  in  S  rather  elongate.  Hindtibia  in  S  rather  strongly 
dilated,  a  strong  tuft  of  pale  yellowish  hairs  from  femoro-tibial  joint,  tarsus 
abbreviated  (its  extremity  lost).  I 

Wings  shaped  as  in  figurata  Warr.  (Nov.  Zool.  iv.  01). 

Forewing  with  areole  single  in  both  the  examples,*  SO'  arising  from  ex- 
tremity of  areole  (?)  or  barely  stalked  (cj)  ;  white,  without  the  grey  irroration 
of  figurata  ;  lines  grey,  not  very  strong  ;  antemedian  almost  obsolete,  scmewhat 
curved  and  sinuous,  marked  between  SM*  and  hindmargin  by  two  or  three  black 

•  Cf.  Nov.  Zool.  xxii.  328. 


430  NOVITATES    ZOOLOOIOAE   XXIV.     1917. 

scales  ;  cell-mark  brown,  tripartite,  scmewliat  interruptedly  edged  with  silvery, 
the  anterior  element  (at  and  beyond  apex  of  areole)  crescentic,  the  posterior 
(at  hinder  angle  of  cell)  round,  almost  completely  silver-ringed,  the  distal  (on 
R')  smaller  ;  median  and  postmedian  hnes  formed  nearly  as  in  figurata,  the 
teeth  smaller  ;  proximal  submarginal  spots  between  R'  and  hindmargin  rather 
strong,  distal  small  ;  terminal  line  very  fine,  black,  thickened  into  conspicuous 
black  dots  between  most  of  the  veins.- — Hindiring  without  first  line  ;  cell-mark 
pale  brown,  silver-edged  except  in  front,  reaching  from  R'  to  M',  its  proximal 
edge  sUghtly  sinuate  anteriorly,  its  distal  gradually  projecting  to  R',  then  sharply 
retracted  ;    markings  of  outer  half  corresponding  to  those  of  forewing. 

Underside  white,  ^^-ith  the  markings  scarcely  discernible. 

N.  Nigeria  :  Bauchi  Province,  Panyam,  1910  (G.  T.  Fox),  type  S  ;  Baro, 
September  11,  1910  (Scott  Macfie),  paratype  $.     Both  in  coll.  Brit.  Mus. 


5.  Somatina  virginalis  spec.  nov. 

S  ?.  Superficially  scarcely,  if  at  all,  distinguishable  from  vestalis  Butl. 
(Ann.  Mag.  Nat.  Hist.  (4)  xvi.  419),  from  Natal  and  the  Cape.  6  hindtibia 
strongly  dilated,  with  a  dense  hair-pencil,  spurs  wanting,  tarsus  greatly  abbre- 
viated (in  vestalis  the  S  hindtibia  is  not  dilated  and  bears  a  pair  of  well-developed 
spurs  and  the  hindtarsus  is  fully  developed). 

Forewing  with  the  dark  distal  cloudings  between    the  radials,  which  in 

vest<dis  arc  often  (though  not  invariably)  well  developed,  weak  or  wanting. 

Hindwing  usually  with  the  discal  patch  continued  (often  without  narrowing)  to 
the  abdominal  margin,  whereas  in  vestalis  it  is  only  connected  with  the 
abdominal  margin  by  a  single  hne. 

Entebbe,  Uganda.     Type  in  coll.  Tring  Museum. 

More  widely  distributed  than  its  twin  species,  occurring  in  Sierra  Leone, 
Congo,  Angola,  Unyoro,  British  and  German  East  Africa,  Nyassaland.  The 
range  of  the  two  overlaps,  for  I  have  before  me  a  single  S  of  vestalis  collected 
by  Dr.  Ansorge  in  Kavirondo  (Makombi). 

6.  Problepsis  digammata  Kirby. 

Problepsia  digammata  W.  F.  Kirby,  Ann.  Mag.  Nat.  Hist.  (6)  xviii.  396  (1896)  (nom.  nov.). 
Argyris  lalonaria  var.  Walk.,  List  Lep.  Ins.  Brit.  Mus.  xxiii.  807  (1861)  (nee.  Guen.). 

Face  black  above,  white  below.  Vertex  white.  Antenna  in  <J  with  short 
pectinations,  commencing  as  mere  teeth,  becoming  at  longest  less  than  twice 
diameter  of  shaft,  all  surmounted  with  long  eolation  ;  in  9  shortly  cihated. 
Collar  tinged  with  ochreous.  Thorax  and  abdomen  white.  Foreleg  shghtly 
infuscated  on  inner  side  ;  hindtibia  in  o  rather  long,  moderately  thickened, 
tarsus  strongly  abbreviated  (less  than  one-fourth  tibia). 

Foreicing  white  ;  discal  ocellus  long  and  narrow,  closed  posteriorly  (just 
behind  M"),  open  anteriorly  (at  R'),  its  proximal  side  (that  on  DC)  joined 
anteriorly  to  a  supplementary  mark  which  runs  outward  along  R'  for  about 
3  mm.  ;  the  outhnes  of  these  markings  fuscous,  mixed  with  metaUic  silvery,  a 
filhng-in  of  ochre-yeDow  between  base  of  R'  and  M'  and  in  the  longitudinal 
streak  of  R'  ;  a  faint  grey  line  from  ocellus  to  hindmargin  ;  postmedian  line 
brownish  grey,  somewhat  wavy,  a  httle  incurved  between  M'  and  SM',  sharply 


NOVITATES  ZooLoaicAE  XXIV.   1917.  431 

angled  on  R',  becoming  oblique  inward  anteriorly,  but  here  usually  weak  or 
obsolescent ;  double  subterminal  line  grey,  rather  weak,  the  proximal  more  or 
less  broken  into  spots,  course  similar  to  that  of  postmedian  but  with  the  angle 
at  R'  less  strong  ;  terminal  line  fine,  continuous  ;  fringe  white,  with  slightly 
smoky  central  and  distal  lines  (sometimes  with  their  interspace  also  somewhat 

smoky). Hindwing  marked  almost  as  in  aegretta  Feld.,  but  wthout  proximal 

line. 

Underside  white  ;   costal  edge  of  forewing  tinged  with  ochreous. 

Natal,  common,  the  type  cJ  from  Durban,  in  coll.  Brit.  Mus.,  ex  coll. 
Guentzius.  Also  from  British  East  Africa,  Pemba  Island,  Zanzibar,  East 
Griqualand,  Uganda,  Sierra  Leone,  etc. 

Probably  the  cf  mmonest  African  species  of  the  genus,  though  only  hitherto 
made  kno^nl  through  Walker's  very  brief  description.  Misidentified  by  Warren 
as  aegretta,  the  true  aegretta  being  his  digammata  as  pubhshed,  though  his  earlier 
manuscript,  used  by  Kirby,  had  applied  the  name  digammata  to  the  present 
species. 


7.  Problepsis  similinotata  spec.  nov. 

cJ,  34-38  mm.  Extremely  like  the  preceding,  of  which  nearly  the  whole 
description  is  appMcable.  Face  less  clear  white  (more  fuscous-mixed)  in  lower 
part.     Antennal  pectinations  rudimentary  throughout. 

Forewing  with  the  discal  mark  broader,  its  outer  side  being  farther  frcm 
cell  and  nearly  or  quite  connected  by  some  ochre-yellow  shading  with  the  end 
of  the  longitudinal  streak  of  R'  (the  general  contour  thus  more  recalling  that  of 
meroearia  Saalm.,  Lep.  Madag.  218.  t.  5.  f.  67)  ;  postmedian  line  stronger,  rather 
brighter  ochreous  ;  proximal  subterminal  spots  thickened  between  the  radials 
and  between  M'  and  SM'. 

Upper  Congo:  Yakusu,  May  1900,  type;  Bopoto,  May  1903.  Both  in 
coll.  Tring  Museum,  collected  by  Rev.  Kenred  Smith. 

A  ?  from  Ogriiga,  River  Niger,  Avith  terminal  line  obsolete,  probably  also 
belongs  here,  though  rather  smaller  than  would  be  expected  for  that  sex  (scarcely 
34  mm.). 


8.  Problepsis  aegretta  insculpta  subsp.  nov. 

o,  42  mm.  ;  ?,  46  mm.  Larger  than  aegretta  Feld.  [Reise  Novara,  Lep. 
Het.  t.  128.  f.  14),  from  South  Africa,  all  the  markings  stronger. 

Forewing  with  the  outUnes  of  the  ocellus  complete,  olivaceous  brownish, 

edged  proximally  from  SC  to  M  with  black. Hindicing  with  the  proximal 

and  distal  sides  of  the  silvery  cell-mark  connected  along  the  base  of  R'  by  a 
silver  streak. 

Escarpment,  British  East  Africa,  6,500-9,000  ft.,  March  1901,  <?  type; 
January  1901,  ?  (W.  Doherty).  Also  a  slightly  worn  example  from  Toro, 
Uganda,  January  1902  (F.  J.  Jackson).     All  in  coll.  Tring  Museum. 

Probably  Guenee's  htonaria  {Spec.  Gen.  Lip.  x.  14)  was  a  worn  ?  of  aegretta, 
which  varies  in  the  direction  of  weakened  markings  even  when  in  fine  condition  ; 
his  name  would  take  priority. 


432  XOVITATES    ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV.     1917. 

9.  Problepsis  flavistigma  dilatistigma  subsp.  nov. 

(J  ?,  45-50  mm.  Larger  than  flavistigma  flavistigma  Swdnh.  (Tr.  Eni.  Soc. 
Land.  1904,  p.  564),  from  Sierra  Leone.  Hindwing  with  termen  rather  more 
regularly  rounded,  ocellus  expanding  behind  M  and  R',  measuring  2  mm.  at 
M'  (in  /.  flavistigma  1  mm.). 

Escarpment,  British  East  Africa.  6,500-9,000  ft.,  October— November  1900, 
January  1901  (W.  Dohcrty),  S  type,  another  S,  3  ??  in  coll.  Tring  Museum,  all 
with  the  lines  feebly  expressed,  terminal  line  wanting  ;  also  a  more  .strongly 
marked  example  from  Nairobi.    Here  belongs  also  Swinhoe's  second  <J  (loc.  cit.). 

Might  be  mistaken  at  first  glance  for  a  weakly  marked  form  of  aegretta ,  which , 
however,  was  taken  in  the  same  locality  in  a  very  strongly  marked  form  (see 
supra).  Distinguishable  by  the  rather  longer  antennal  pectinations  (about 
four  times  the  diameter  of  shaft,  in  aegretta  nearly  three  times),  longer  tarsus 
(two-thirds  tibia,  in  aegretta  scarcely  one-half),  blacker  face  (lower  half  whitish 
in  aegretta),  position  of  median  line  of  forewing  (well  beyond  the  discal  mark 
instead  of  running  to  it)  and  almost  entire  absence  of  silvery  scales  at  ab- 
dominal margin  of  hindwing.  Possibly  both  flavistigma  and  dilatistigma  are 
forms  of  ochripida  Warr  (Nov.  Zool.  viii.  10),  from  8t.  Thome,  of  which  I 
know  only  the  type  S,  with  shorter,  weaker  ocelli  (not  crossing  R')  and  median 
line  more  distally  placed  (on  forewing  mid\\ay  between  ocellus  and  postmedian, 
on  hindwing  just  beyond  ocellus  (in  flavistigma  crossing  it)).  The  "  Sierra 
Leone  "  example  cited  by  Warren  Hoc.  cit.)  must  certainlj-  have  been  the 
British  Museum  specimen  (acquired  in  1899),  which  later  serv^ed  as  Swinhoe's 
type  of  flavistigma,  for  no  such  specimen  exists  in  the  Tring  Museum. 

10.  Anacosymbia  chrysoparalias  spec.  nov. 

(J,  26  mm.  Face  and  uppcrsidc  of  palpus  dull  dark  red  ;  palpus  beneath 
pale  ochreous.  Vertex  and  antenna  yellowish  white,  the  latter  in  places  marked 
with  rufous.  Collar  ochreous.  Thorax  and  abdomen  mostly  concolorous  -ttith 
wings,  front  of  thorax  vinaceous,  abdomen  dorsally  mixed  with  dark  purplish. 
Hindtarsus  as  long  as  tibia. 

Forewing  vinaceous  cinnamon,  strongly  mixed  with  rufous  ;  costal  edge 
to  about  three-fourths  narrowly  jcUowish  white  ;  lines  dark  olive-grey,  almost 
black  ;  antemedian  rather  thick,  ill-defined,  sinuous;  median  thick,  well  be- 
yond the  cell-spot,  rather  strongly  sinuous,  the  inward  bend  beyond  the  middle 
stronger  than  in  albivertex  8winh.  (Tr.  Ent.  Soc.  Land.  1892,  p.  15)  ;  post- 
median  fine,  hinulate-dcntate,  the  hmule  inward  between  M'  and  SM'  deepest, 
sUght  inward  bends  near  costa   and    between    the  radials  ;    cell-dot  large  ;    a 

shghtly  interrupted  blue-black  terminal  line. Hindwing  with  shght  olivaceous 

admixture  in  proximal  area  ;  antemedian  Une  wanting  ;  median  continuing  the 
antemedian  of  forewing,  formed  as  in  albivertex  Swinh.  ;  postmedian  formed 
about  as  on  forewing,  continuing  median  of  forewing  ;  cell-dot  elongate  ; 
tcnninal  line  as  on  forewing. 

Underside  pinkish  bufl',  slightly  more  vinaceous  in  middle  of  forewing  ; 
both  wings  with  a  vague  pinkish  grey  subterminal  fine,  that  of  forewing  nearlj- 
as  above,  that  of  hindwing  as  near  termen  as  on  forewing  ;  terminal  line  feeble, 
olivaceous. 


NOVITATES    ZOOLOQICAE    XXIV.     1917.  433 

Gambaga,  Gold  Coast  (Dr.  Bury).     Type  in  coll.  Tring  Museum. 

Very  similar  to  the  Indian  albiveitex  ;  smaller,  redder,  distinguishable  also 
bj-  the  whitish  costal  edge,  blackish  terminal  line,  relatively  slightly  longer 
hindtarsus,  etc. 

11.  Ptochophyle  apicirubra  spec.  nov. 

(J,  21  mm.  Head  and  body  ochre-yellow.  Antennal  shaft  spotted  with 
red  ;    pectinations  black. 

Forewing  rather  short  and  broad,  with  costa  scmewhat  arched  ;  areola 
moderately  long,  SC  shortly  stalked  bejcnd,  M'  well  separate  ;  ochre-yellcw, 
with  scattered  rufous  dots  in  places  (chiefly  at  base,  proximal  half  of  costa, 
across  middle  of  wing  and  in  tornal  region)  ;  a  large  apical  patch  (at  costa  about 
4  mm.  ;  terminating  on  hindmargin  at  M')  ;  brick-red  mixed  with  dragon's- 
blood-red  and  blackish  and  containing  a  few  dots  and  spots  of  the  ground- 
colour ;  fringe  concolorous  with  this  patch  and  posteriorly  with  the  ground- 
colour.  Hindwing  with  termen  shghtly  bent  in  middle  ;    M'  about  connate  ; 

ochre-yellow,  dotted  with  rufous. 

Underside  concolorous,  with  less  rufous  dots  (chiefly  developed  along  costal 
margin  of  forewing)  and  with  the  apical  patch  more  blackened. 

Ambinanindrano,  50  km.  W.  of  Mohanoro,  Madagascar,  December  5,  1914 
(G.  K.  Kestell-Cornish).     Type  and  another  in  coll.  Tring  Museum. 

12.  Chrysocraspeda  leighata  holobapta  subsp.  nov. 

Both  wings  as  far  as  the  j'ellow  border  dull  Indian  purple  ;  terminal  purple 
dots  well  developed. 

Kassai  district,  Congo  Free  State  (Taj'mans).  T3'pe  in  coll.  Tring  Museum. 
Also  from  Rau,  Nandi  Country,  February  24,  1899  (Dr.  Ansorge),  in  the  same 
collection. 

C.  leighata  leighata  Warr.  (Nov.  Zool.  xi.  466)  is  only  known  to  me  from 
Natal. 

SuBFAM.  LARENTIINAE. 
13.  Eupithecia  subscriptaria  spec.  nov. 

?,  20  mm.  Head  and  body  concolorous  wth  wings.  Palpus  nearly  twice 
diameter  of  eye  ;  more  heavily  irrorated  (thus  appearing  fuscous)  except  the 
first  and  a  part  of  the  second  joint  beneath.  Fore  and  middle  legs  infuscated 
on  one  side,  except  the  extremities  of  the  joints.  Abdomen  above  slightly 
belted  with  brown,  but  less  markedly  than  in  the  European  scriptaria  Freyer. 

Forewing  dirty  white,  mostly  rather  closely  irrorated  with  fuscous,  leaving 
clear,  or  almost  clear,  the  wavy  transverse  markings  ;  at  costal  margin  the 
irroration  is  somewhat  condensed  into  ill-defined  spots  at  the  commenctment  of 
a  rather  well-marked  subbasal  hne,  a  vague  narrow  band  succeeding  it,  part 
of  the  median  area  (proximally  to  the  cell-dot)  and  a  postmedian  hne  ;  the 
broadest  and  clearest  white  band  arises  at  nearly  one-third  costa,  is  bent  in  ceil 
and  behind  fold,  the  middle  part  of  its  course  being  strongly  cbUque  inward, 
and  separates  the  proximal  from  the  median  area  ;  ill-defined  whitish  lines 
traverse  the  median  area,  those  about  and  beyond  the  cell-dot  being  the  thickest 
and  most  conspicuous  ;   the  double  postmedian  dark  line  which  Hmits  this  area 


434  NOVITATES    ZOOLOOICAE    XXIV.    1017. 

is  more  distally  placed  than  the  corresponding  lines  in  scriptaria,  angled 
outward  about  R'  and  inward  at  M'  ;  distal  area  weakly  clouded,  the  dentate 
subterminal  line  interrupted,  rather  near  the  termen,  reaching  it  at  tornus  ; 
cell-dot  rather  large,  black  ;  terminal  dashes  moderately  strong ;  fringe  some- 
what chequered. Hindwinrj  with  termen  .straight  or  very  shghtly  concave 

from  before  R'  to  R' ;  costal  margin  pale,  the  rest  nearly  as  on  forewing.  though 
somewhat  more  weakly  marked,  except  at  abdominal  margin  ;  cell-dot  small 
but  distinct ;  the  double  whitish  line  which  separates  median  from  distal  area 
fairly  well  developed,  strongly  bent  inward  about  M'. 

Underside  scarcely  irrorated,  thus  appearing  whiter,  with  shght  fuscous 
suffusion  on  forewing  except  at  posterior  margin  ;  cell-dots  sharp  ;  a  single 
dark  po.stmedian  line  and  a  proximal  subterminal  fairly  well  developed,  especi- 
ally the  former. 

E.  Transvaal  :  White  River,  1910  (A.  J.  t'ooke).  Type  in  coll.  Brit.  Mus. 
I  have  also  seen  a  rather  worn  $  from  Three  Sisters,  March  11.  1911,  in  coll. 
A.  J.  T.  Jane. 


14.  Eupithecia  infelix  spec.  nov. 

(J,  22-23  mm.  Head  and  bodj'  above  dark  fuscous,  on  abdomen  mixed 
with  black,  the  face  with  a  decided  tinge  of  red  ;  underside  of  body  and  legs 
light  brownish.  Palpus  moderate,  rough-scaled,  pale  at  base,  otherwise  mixed 
with  black  on  outer  side.  Antennal  ciliation  minute.  Abdominal  crests  small, 
each  succeeded  by  a  small  pale  dot. 

Forewing  moderately  elongate,  costa  shghtly  curved,  apex  not  very  sharp, 
termen  strongly  obhcj^ue,  shghtly  curved  ;  pale  brown  with  a  slight  reddish  tinge 
and  with  minute  but  copious  dark  grey  irroration  ;  costa  with  irregular  black 
spots,  the  most  prominent  being  at  the  proximal  and  distal  boundaries  of  the 
median  area  ;  some  short  black  dashes  on  M  in  median  area,  on  SM  nearly 
throughout  and  shghtly  on  some  of  the  other  veins  distally  ;  the  transverse 
dark  markings  otherwise  not  well  developed,  angulated  in  middle  of  cell  and 
about  R^  posteriorly  nearly  parallel  with  termen,  somewhat  wavj-  ;  post- 
median  somewhat  obUque  inward  at  costa,  angled  inward  subcostally  ;  cell- 
spot  black,  conspicuous,  somewhat  elongate,  slightly  obhque  outward  ;  band 
distally  to  median  area  shghtly  paler  and  more  brownish,  with  the  intersecting 
line  feeble  ;  subterminal  hne  white,  consisting  of  small  wedge-shaped  interreural 
markings  from  costa  to  M'  and  a  large,  somewhat  elongate  subterminal  mark 
between  M'  and  SM' ;  shght  dark  shading  proximally  and  distally  to  these 
white  markings;  terminal  line  black,  interrupted  at  the  veins,  somewhat 
thickened  between  ;    fringe  largeh'  clouded  with  grey,  paler  distallj^  and  with 

a  fine,  shghtly  intsrrupted  and  whitish  line  at  its  base, Hindtving  elongate, 

but  with  apex  nearly  rounded  ;  rather  paler  than  forewing,  proximally  and 
anteriorly  less  tinged  with  reddish  ;  cell-dot  black ,  not  elongate  ;  hues  indi- 
cated at  abdominal  margin,  two  beyond  the  middle  usually  traceable  across  the 
wing,  curved  about  R'  ;  distal  area  occupied  by  a  vague  band,  the  subtemiinal 
line  obsolete,  excepting  a  roundish  subtornal  spot ;  terminal  line  w-eak  ;  fringe 
rather  pale,  dark -chequered. 

Underside  less  reddish-tinged  :  lines  moderatel}'  strong  at  costal  margin 
of  forewing,  the  postmedian  generally  traceable  throughout  on  forewing  and 


NOVITATES    ZOOLOOICAE    XXIV.     1917.  435 

several  lines  sometimes  on  hindwing  ;  both  wings  with  distinct  cell-dot  (that 
of  forewing  sometimes  less  elongate  than  above)  and  indications  of  pale  sub- 
tornal  spot ;   termen  and  fringes  nearly  as  above. 

Transvaal  (A.  J.  Cholmley),  2  cJcJ,  1  ?  (including  type  <?)  in  coll.  Brit.  Mus., 
Durban,  September  1902  (G.  F.  Leigh),  a  cJ,  somewhat  damaged  by  grease,  in 
the  same  collection. 

An  obscurely  marked  species,  though  less  so  than  lugubriaria  Swinh.  {Tr. 
Ent.  Soc.  Land.  1904,  p.  573),  with  which  it  has  much  in  common. 

SuBFAM.  GEOMETRINAE. 

15.  Mauna  electa  spec.  nov. 

(J,  30-32  mm.  Head  and  palpus  red.  Antenna  nearly  simple,  shghtly 
thickened.  Thorax  above  red,  mixed  with  purphsh  ;  beneath  mostly  pale, 
reddish  in  front.  Abdomen  whiti.sh  ochreous,  tinged  with  red  on  venter  and 
more  strongly  (though  narrowly)  on  first  few  segments  above.  Legs  whitish 
ochreous,  the  fore  and  middle  pairs  red  on  inner  side,  the  forecoxa  strongly  red 
in  front,  hindtibia  irrorated  with  red. 

Wings  shaped  nearly  as  in  ardescens  Prout  (Ann.  Transv.  Mus.  v.  170.  t. 
25.  f.  29),  termen  sUghtlj'  more  convex. 

Forewing  with  SC  connected  by  bar  with  SC'-' ;  orange-red,  suffused  nearly 
throughout  (except  along  hindmargin)  with  purple,  darkest  in  proximal  area ; 
lines  blackish  purple,  very  oblique,  rather  approximated,  the  antemedian 
obsolete  anteriorly,  feeble  throughout,  chiefly  traceable  as  boundary  of  dark 
proximal  shade  ;  postmedian  from  close  to  apex  to  just  beyond  middle  of  hind- 
margin,  slightly  excurved. Hindwing  whitish  ochreous,  shading  into  reddish 

ochreous  distally. 

Both  wings  beneath  whitish,  costal  edge  of  forewng  bright  ochreous,  of 
hindwing  (more  broadly)  roseate  ;  both  wings  with  distal  margin  roseate,  broadly 
at  apex,  narrowing  off  posteriorly  ;  this  distal  shading  deeper  on  forewing  than 
on  hindwing. 

Nyassaland  :  Mlanje  Mountain,  March  25,1913,  type;  July  5,  1913,  para- 
type  (S.  A.  Neave).     Both  in  coll.  Brit.  Mus. 

16.  Cleora  proemia  spec.  nov. 

S,  32  mm.  Face  and  palpus  dark  reddish  brown  ;  palpus  about  one-and- 
a-half  times  diameter  of  eye.  Vertex  and  antennal  shaft  light  wood-brown  ; 
pectinations  long,  only  the  few  apical  very  abrujJtly  shortened.  Thorax  and 
abdomen  light  wood-brown,  with  darker  irroration ;  second  abdcminal  teigite 
blackish  brown,  with  a  very  small  paler  spot  in  the  centre  ;  succeeding  tergites 
each  with  a  small  dark  anterior  spot.  Legs  partly  infuscated  ;  hindtibia  not 
dilated. 

Forewing  with  termen  smooth,  curved,  becoming  strongly  oblique  ;  fovea 
well  developed  ;  SC  moderately  or  rather  long  stalked  ;  hght  wood-brown, 
with  fine  darkened  irroration  ;  costal  edge  dark -spotted,  in  particular  with 
three  narrow,  relatively  long  marks  (the  longest  1  mm.)  at  the  origin  cf  the 
Lines  ;  first  at  4  or  5  mm.  from  base,  the  hne  itself  only  indicated  by  two  small 
longitudinal  (but  rather  oblique)  dark  dashes,  just  in  front  of  M  and  SM'  respec- 
tively, the  former  as  far  from  base  as  the  costal  mark,  the  latter  twice  as  near 


436  NOVITATES    ZOOLOOICAE    XXIV.    1917. 

base  ;  median  shade  sometimes  obsolete,  sometimes  faintly  traceable  in  grey- 
brown,  its  costal  mark  midway  between  base  and  apex,  its  course  anteriorly  veiy 
strongly  excurved,  passing  considerably  beyond  the  faint  grey  cell-spot,  pos- 
teriorly sinuous,  close  to  the  postmedian  ;  postmedian  costal  mark  about  5  mm. 
from  apex,  the  course  of  the  line  conspicuous!}'  indicated  by  small  dark  dashes 
just  in  front  of  the  veins,  sometimes  slightly  connected  by  a  verj^  fine  grey 
thread,  always  accompanied  by  some  pale  scaUng  ;  from  R'  this  hne  runs  very 
obMquely  inward,  reaching  hindmargin  about  the  middle  ;  a  band  of  rather  warmer 
brown  scaling  just  beyond  the  postmedian,  another  just  proximal  to  the  subter- 
minal ;  subterminal  white,  about  parallel  with  termcn,  forming  a  series  of  fairly 
deep  lunules,  one  or  two  subcostal  and  the  two  radial  lunules  filled  in  proximally 

with  blackish  ;    terminal  dots  black,  very  sharp  ;    fringe  unspotted. Hi7i(1- 

wing  wi(  li  termen  waved  to  subcrenulate  ;  median  shade  rather  strong,  except 
at  costa,  well  proximal  to  the  cell-dot  ;  cell-dot  strong,  black  ;  postmedian  line 
little  beyond  the  cell-dot,  strong  but  fine,  shallowly  lunulate-dentate,  becoming 
weak  at  costa  ;  distal  area  nearly  as  on  forewing,  but  with  the  proximal  spots 
of  the  subterminal  line  less  dark. 

Underside  sUghtly  darker  and  more  reddish  or  purphsh  in  tone.  Fore- 
wing  with  costal  margin  pale,  dark-spotted  ;  cell-mark  well  developed, 
rather  elongate,  placed  between  two  approximated,  nearly  parallel  dark -grey 
lines,  of  which  the  distal  is  marked  \\ith  very  small  dashes  on  the  veins  ;  two 
faint  dark  transverse  shades  in  distal  area  ;  terminal  marks  rather  more  elongate 

than  above,  not  quite  so  strong  ;  a  fine  pale  hne  at  base  of  fringe. Hindwing 

with  corresponding  markings,  the  first  line  rather  more  proximally  placed,  some- 
what bent  on  entering  cell. 

Madagascar  (Lloyd),  September  1912,  type,  in  coll.  Janse;  October  1912, 
paratypes,  in  coll.  Janse  et  coll.  L.  B.  Prout. 


y. 


c 


> 

c 

y. 


NOVITATES    ZOOLOOICAE    XXIV.     1917.  437 

SCOLOPAX   RUST  ICO  LA   MIR  A. 

By  ERNST  HARTERT,  Ph.D. 

(Plate  II.) 

PLATE  II.   shows  the  most  interesting  Scolopax  rusticola  mira  from   the 
Island  of  Amami  in  the  northern  Loo  Choo,  or  Riu  Kiu,  group  of  Japanese 
Islands,  which  I  described  Bull.  B.  0.  Club,  xxxvi.  p.  64,  March  1916. 

The  striking  differences  from  S.  rusticola  rusticola  are  fully  described  in  the 
Bull.  B.  O.  Club.  They  are  principally  the  darker,  less  rufous,  and  more 
olivaceous  colour  of  the  upperside,  less  heavily  spotted  quills,  more  brownish 
and  more  spotted  or  freckled  sides,  and  it  is  a  heavier,  larger  bird,  with  the  bill 
thicker,  wider,  and  generally  longer,  the  wing  about  5-7  mm.  longer,  tarsus 
about  1  cm.  longer.  The  tip  of  the  wing  is  shorter,  the  distance  from  the  outer 
secondaries  to  the  end  of  the  primaries  being  at  least  1-2  cm.  less.  The  first 
abortive  primary  is  much  longer  and  wider.  S.  rusticola  mira  is  therefore  evi- 
dently a  heavier  bird  with  less  power  of  flight. 

Of  this  woodcock  the  Tring  Museum  has  received  from  the  late  Alan  Owston 
eleven  specimens,  collected  in  September,  November,  December,  and  January 
on  the  island  of  Amami.  There  can  hardly  be  any  doubt  that  it  is  the  resident 
representative  of  ;S'.  r.  rusticola. 

I  have  (I.e.  p.  65)  fully  explained  my  reasons  for  considering  this  bird  a  sub- 
species of  S.  r.  rusticola,  and  I  will  here  only  rej)eat  that  it  was  done  chiefly  on 
account  of  a  juvenile  specimen  shot  in  September,  which  is  much  redder  than 
adult  ones,  thus  closely  resembling  European  woodcocks. 

It  is  very  interesting  to  see  that  the  collectors  also  obtained  a  specimen  of 
Scolopax  rusticola  rusticola  on  Amami,  in  winter,  which  is  found  on  Tanega  and 
Yakushima,  where  it  is  probably  still  nesting,  as  it  does  on  Hondo. 

We  are  much  obliged  to  Major  Henry  Jones  for  making  the  beautiful 
drawing,  and  I  may  add  that  the  colours  of  the  original  drawing  have  been 
very  successfully  reproduced  on  the  colour-type  plate. 


29 


438  NOVTTATES   ZOOLOOICAE    XXIV.    1917. 

DESCRIPTION  OF   A  NEW  ARCTIID  BY  DR.   H.   C.    NISSEN. 

Apantesis  else  spec.  nov. 

T^TFFERS  from  A.  dido  Wagn.  in  the  darker  brown  of  the  forewings  and  in 
^^^  the  larger  pale  spots,  which  are  more  cream  white,  not  bright  yellow.  The 
hindwings  are  less  uniform  red  than  in  dido,  and  paler,  being  somewhat  mixed 
with  yellow  as  in  many  .4.  oherthuri.  It  differs  from  A.  oberthnri  in  being  less 
blackish  brown  on  the  forewing.  One  specimen  taken  has  the  postmedian 
costal  and  inner  marginal  patches  joined  to  form  a  band  as  in  A.  oberthnri  ;  the 
rest  have  all  spots  separate  as  in  A.  dido. 

Habitat.  Tala-Rana,  Grand  Kabylie,  Algeria,  May  1917. 
[The  discovery  of  this  form,  which  is  intermediate  between  dido  and  ober- 
thnri, proves  my  contention  that  they  are  both  subspecies  of  the  same  species. 
I  am  sure  that  somewhere  in  the  Province  of  Oran  or  in  Jlorocco  the  inter- 
mediate form  between  oberthnri  and  the  Portuguese  race  of  .4.  fasciata  will  also 
be  found,  which  will  then  prove  what  I  have  stated,  viz.  that  dido,  oberthnri, 
esperi,  and  pyrenaica  are  all  subspecies  of  Apantesift  fasciata.  Mr.  Oberthur, 
in  his  Etudes  Comparees,  says  that  Wagner  does  not  state  where  he  got  his  dido. 
Under  the  description  on  pp.  209,  210,  it  is  true,  no  locality  is  given  ;  but  in  the 
faunal  notes  on  p.  207  Wagner  definitely  says  he  got  dido  in  the  vicinity  of 
"  Bone." — Rothschild.] 


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UUITKD    BV 


LORD    ROTHSCHILD,  F.R.S.,  Ph.D., 
Dr.  ERNST   HARTERT,  and  Dr.  K.  JORDAN. 

Vol.    XXIV. 


No.    3. 

Pages    4.39—501. 
Plates  IX.  and  X. 

IssiED  December  31st,  at  the  Zoological  Misei  .m.  Tuixo. 


PRINTED    BY    HAZELL.    WATSON    &    VINEY,   Ld.,    LONDON   AND    AYLESBURY. 

1917. 


Vol,.   XXIV. 

N0Y1TATE8  ZOOLOOICAE. 

EDITED   BV 

LORD    ROTHSCHILD.    ERNST    HARTERT.    and  KARL  JORDAN. 

CONTENTS     OF    NO.     III. 

1.  ON  THE  CRESTED  LARKS  OF  THE  NILE 

VALLEY Knisl  Harlerl    .  .  .     439—441 

2.  NOTES  ON  PHEASANTS  .         .         .         .     lu-ti.^l  Ilartnl   .  .     442--4.")2 

3.  NOTES  ON  3/£r.-J.V.-l^sri?/.^  DWRAMMA. 

WITH   DESCRIPTIONS  OF  TWO   NEW 

SUBSPECIES  .....     Lnni  Rolhschild         .         .  453 

4.  A    FEW    NOTES    ON    THE    BIRDS    OF 

YEMEN fini.-'l  Hortoi    .  .  .     454—462 

5.  ON  THE  GENERA  MELASOTHRIX.  DRli- 

PANOJASA.  MEL  AS  ERGON.  PA  RA- 
CY DAS.  COT  AX  A,  HYPERCYD.iS. 
EPIC Y DAS.  AND  XERVICOMPRESSA 
OF  THE  FAMILY  EVPTEROTIDAE. 
WITH  DESCRIPTIONS  OF  NEW  FORMS. 
(PI.  XL,  XII.) Lorfl  RothschiU  .     403—474 

6.  SOME  NEW  MOTHS   OF   THE  FAMILIES 

ARCTIIDAE  AND  EVPTEROTIDAE     .     Lmd  RolhschiM         .         .     47o— 492 

7.  THE     SUBSPECIES     OF    CYANOPICA 

CYANUS En'sl  Harlerl  .  .  .493 

8.  FURTHER  NOTES  ON  SOUTH  AMERICAN 

BIRDS Er»iil  Hrtrtrrtnnd 

Arthur  Gondsow      .  .     494— 5(»1 

Pl,.\TE.-i    IX.    A.NIl    X. 

(Corrected  explanation  of  PI.  IV.     ExpUiiiiitioii  (.f  PI.  X.     For  PI.  IX.  cf.  p.  372.) 


■fc 


NOVITATES     ZOOLOGICAE, 


Vol.  XXIV.  DECEMBER  1917.  No.  HI. 


ON   THE   CRESTED  LARKS  OF  THE  NILE   VALLEY. 

By  dr.    ERNST   HARTERT. 

WHEN,  in  the  winter  of  1903-1904,  I  wrote  about  the  Crested  Larks  in 
Vog.  pal.  Fauna,  pp.  227-40,  I  had  only  a  very  scanty  material  from 
the  Nile  Valley  to  study.  It  was  therefore  hardly  possible  to  arrive  at  anything 
like  a  linal  and  faultless  aoeount  in  such  a  difficult  group.  Since  then  I  have 
been  enabled  to  see  fairly  good  series,  though  not  at  all  complete  ones  from 
all  parts  of  Egypt.     I  now  come  to  the  following  conclusions. 

The  delta,  a))pai'entl\'  to  Cairo,  is  inhabited  by  tlie  darkest  form  : 

Galerida  cristata  nigricans  Brehm. 

South  of  Cairo  occurs  over  a  wide  area  a  form  wliich  is  not  so  very  unlike 
G.  c.  nigricans,  but  difl'ers  from  it  at  a  glance  in  the  paler,  more  whitish  under- 
side and  the  markings  on  the  jugulum  and  chest  being  smaller  and  more  sharply 
defined.  This  form  was  deseiibed  by  Nicoll  &  Bonhote  (Bull.  B.O.  Club, 
xxiii.  p.  101.  1909)  as  Galerida  cristata  moeritica,  from  specimens  collected  in 
the  Fayum.  Of  the  latter  I  have  examined  and  have  now  before  me  several 
specimens,  collected  by  M.  J.  Nicoll,  one  from  Luxor,  A.  L.  Butler  leg.,  four 
from  an  island  in  the  Nile  near  Khizam  (about  14  km.  north  of  Luxor),  Upjier 
Egypt,  VV.  L.  S.  Loat  leg.,  and  a  paii-,  collected  at  Assuan  24.  iii.  1850,  by 
Oskar  Brehm.     These  latter  are  the  types  of — 

Galerita  cristata  macidata  Brehm. 

{Nnumannia,  1858,  p.  208).  Brehm  said  that  his  son  Oskar  shot  a  pair  with 
one  shot  near  "Assuan  in  Nubia,"  on  March  24th,  1850.  It  is  true  that  he 
adds  "  iind  Alfred  ein  Weibchen  bei  Masnou  in  Spanien  am  1  Juni  1850."  This 
latter  specimen  I  have  traced  ;  the  date  is  wrongly  given.  Alfred  Brehm  was 
not  in  Spain  in  1850,  when  he  collected  with  his  brother  0.skar  on  the  Nile,  but 
we  went  there  1856.  The  Masnou  specimen  was  shot  May  1st,  1856.  It  has 
first  been  named  "  macidata  "  by  C.  L.  Brehm,  but  afterwards  he  crossed  "  macu- 
lata  "  out  and  altered  it  to  "  striata,"  a  nomen  nudum  never  published  with  a 
description.  It  is  true  that  this  bird  is  darker  and  more  brownish  than  other 
Spanish  Crested  Larks,  and  closely  resembles  the  Nile  birds ;  but  it  belongs,  of 
course,  to  G.  c.  pallida,  the  Spanish  race,  and  the  Assuan  birds  are  undoubtedly 
the  types  of  "  macidata."  Therefore  this  form  must  be  called  G.  cristata  macidatn, 
and  moeritica  becomes  a  .synonym.  When  I  wrote  Part  II.  of  my  book  on  the 
palaearctic  birds,  in  1904, 1  put  macidata  down  as  a  synonym  of  altirostris  ;  this 
30 


440  NOVITATES    ZOOLOGICAK    XXIV.     1917. 

is  undoubtedly  wrong,  but  I  had  seen  at  the  time  no  specimens  of  inacuhiln 
except  those  two  taken  by  Brehm  half  a  century  before. 

South  of  the  habitat  of  macnlata  lives  a  paler  form,  often  with  a  thicker 
bill, 

Galerida  cristata  altirostris  Brehm. 

Of  this  we  have  now  in  the  Tring  Museum  specimens  from  "  Nubia,"  Brehm 
coll.,  Kerma,  Hon.  N.  C.  Rothschild  leg.,  Merowe  on  the  Dongola  bend  of  the 
Nile  (not  Meroe  !),  N.  C.  Rothschild  leg.  It  appears  to  be,  therefore,  the  true 
Nubian  form,  living  south  of  Wadi  Haifa  along  the  "  Dongola  bend."  C.  L. 
Brehm,  whenfirst  naming  this  form  (Vogeljang,  p. 124. 1855),  said,  "Oberagypten," 
and  in  1858  (Naumannia,  p.  209),  he  said,  "  Oberegypten,  Nubien  und  bei  Murcia 
in  Spanien  !  "  But  C.  L.  Brehm's  ideas  of  Upper  Egypt  and  Nubia  were  not 
very  fi.xed,  and  he  had  no  regard  for  geographical  distribution.  As  the  type 
of  the  name  altirostris  must  be  regarded  an  adult  male  shot  by  A.  E.  Brehm  in 
"Nubia,"  21.  ix.  1851.  The  label  only  says  "Nubien,"  but  the  bird  had 
been  shot  near  Akascheh  and  not  very  far  from  Ambukol.  according  to  A.  E. 
Brehm's  Reiseskizzen. 

South  of  the  Dongola  bend  we  come  into  the  region  of  the  much  paler 

Galerida  cristata  isabellina  Bp. 

of  wliich  we  have  a  series  from  the  Lower  Atbara,  Shendi,  and  Khartum. 
To  repeat,  we  have  thus  in  the  valley  of  the  Nile  : 

1.  G.  cristata  nigricans  Brehm. 

(Synonym,  G.  cristata  deliae  Hart.   1897.) 
Inhabits  the  delta  of  the  Nile. 

2.  G.  cristata  macnlata  Brehm. 

(Synonym,  G.  cristata  inoeritica,  Nicoll  &  Bonh.  1909.) 
Egypt  south  of  Cairo  and  north  of  Wadi  Haifa  ;  exact  limits  not  yet  known, 
lint  extending  north  to  Lake  Menzaleh.     I  cannot  separate  the  Fayoum  birds. 

n.  G.  cristata  altirostris  Brehm. 

Nile  Valley  south  of  Waili-Hnlfa  and  north  nf  the  Atbara,  i.e.  the  "  Don- 
gola bend,"  Nubia. 

4.  (I.  cri.'<l(ilii  i.^alnUiiiii   I'p. 

(Synonyms,  f,ava  and  lutea  Brehm.) 

Eastern  Sudan,  from  the  Bajuda  stp]i]ie  and  the  Atbara  to  the  Blue  and 
White  Nile. 

I  am  sorry  to  say  that  I  cannot  agree  with  the  conclusions  of  ]\ir.  Nicoll 
{Ibis,  1914.  pp.  546-551).  That  he  took  a  specimen  which  should  not  be  con- 
sidered as  the  type  of  altirostris  to  be  the  type  specimen  was  perhaps  my  fault, 
as  I  formerly  thought  it  might  be  the  type.  The  Kom-Ombos  bird  was  evidently 
once  thought  l)y  Biehni  to  be  the  same  as  his  ullirostris,  and  in  fact  it  is  hardlj' 
distinguishable  from  it,  but  Kom-Ombos  being  in  Upper  Egypt  and  not  in  Nubia, 
we  must  for  geographical  reasons  consider  it  to  be  a  non-typical  example  of 
macnlata.     If  we  treat  (he  forms   nd  names  as  I  do  now,  the  distribution  becomes 


NoVtTATES    ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV.     1917.  441 

one  whicli  we  might  expect,  simple  and  clear,  moreover  on  the  Kcm-Ombos 
specimen  the  name  altirostris  has  afterwards  been  scratched  out,  probably  by 
Brehm  himself,  and,  perhaps  by  someone  else  again,  under-punctuated,  meaning 
that  it  should  stand  after  all.  In  the  Akascheh  specimen  the  name  altirostris 
has  never  been  scratched  out  or  altered. 

G.  c.  maculula  stands  between  nigricans  and  altirostris,  some  individuals 
being  hardly  distinguishable  from  either  of  these,  but  a  series  shows  it  to  be 
distinct  from  both. 

Nicoll  and  Lynes  have  shown,  and  specimens  collected  by  Loat  and 
Schrader  confirm,  that  on  Lake  Menzaleh  and  near  Damietta  pale  forms  occur 
with  dark  typical  nigricans.  Evidently  the  latter  is  restricted  to  the  black  soil 
of  the  Nile-delta,  while  a  paler  form,  which  agrees  with  maculata  (and  not  with 
altirostris)  inhabits  the  drier  districts  east  of  the  delta.  It  is  therefore  quite 
natural  that  they  are  found  close  together  and  even  occasionally  side  by  side, 
though  I  fancy  that  during  the  nesting  season  there  will  be  a  strict  separation. 


442  NOVITATES    ZOOLOOICAE    XXIV.     1917. 

NOTES  ON  PHEASANTS. 

By  ERNST   HARTERT,  Ph.D. 

1 .  "  Phasianus  colchicus  lorenzi  "  =  P.  colchicus  colchicus. 

IN  the  Ibis,  1904,  in  his  vahiable  review  of  the  genus  Phasianus,  Mr.  Scrgius 
Buturlin  described  as  a  new  subspecies  PJiasianvs  colcliicus  lorenzi  from 
Eastern  Transcaucasia,  i.e.  the  basins  of  the  Kura  and  Araxes  Rivers.  He  does 
not  say  whether  he  e.xamined  only  one  male  or  a  great  many,  he  does  not  lix 
a  "  tyjje,"  nor  does  he  explain  it  he  had  freshly  moulted  autumn,  wintei',  or 
worn  summer  birds,  which  last  always,  of  course,  look  rather  different  from 
the  autumn  ones,  after  the  moult.     Females  are  not  mentioned. 

We  have  in  the  Tring  ^Museum  three  males  and  one  female  from  the  months 
of  December,  February,  and  March,  all  in  beautiful,  unabraded  filumage,  from 
Elisabetopol  (Jcli.sawetpol)  andTifiis,  in  the  Kura  Basin.  A  careful  comparison 
of  these  specimens  with  typical  colchicus  reveals  their  absolute  identity.  They 
differ  at  a  glance  from  their  geographically  nearest  ally,  P.  c.  talischoisis,  and 
from  P.  c.  septentrionalis,  but  there  are  no  differences  from  P.c.  colchicus.  Neither 
are,  as  Mr.  Buturlin  would  have  it,  the  feathers  of  the  jugulum  more  narrowly 
margined  with  blue,  nor  is  the  abdomen  brick-brown  instead  of  black  ;  this 
latter  statement  suggests  to  me  that  Mr.  Buturlin  may  have  had  very  few  speci- 
mens, if  more  than  one,  because  it  is  a  variable  character — in  a  male  of  P.  c. 
talischensis,  for  exam])le,  the  middle  of  the  abdomen  is  brick-red,  in  another 
blackish,  glossed  with  j)urplish  blue.  The  sentence  "  pectore  medio  non  viri- 
de.scente,  sed  cupreo-rubro  valde  ditfert,"  I  cannot  understand  at  all,  for  .surely 
the  middle  of  the  breast  is  not  "  greenish  "  in  P.  c.  colchicus,  but  just  as  "  copper- 
red  "  as  in  the  males  from  the  Kura  basin.  The  dimensions  are  the  same,  and 
a  female  from  the  Kuia  agrees  absolutely  with  others  of  P.  c.  colchicvs. 
I  can,  therefore,  only  admit  three  forms  in  the  Caucasus  region  : 

1.  P.  colchicus  colchicus  L.,  in  Transcaucasia,  from  the  eastern  and  south- 
eastern shores  of  the  lUack  Sea,  the  river  basins  of  the  Rion  (the  ancient  Phasis) 
and  the  Tchorok  (Tscharuch)  to  tlie  Kura  and  Araxes  Basins.  Nor  is  this  dis- 
tribution a  very  peculiar  and  unlikely  one,  as  we  have  the  following  subspecies  : 

2.  P.  colchicus  seplentrionalis  Lor.,  extending  through  the  basins  of  the 
Kuban  and  Terek,  fro:n  the  Black  Sea  to  the  Caspian,  though  now  extinct  in 
the  middle  portion  of  its  range,  between  Stavropol  and  Georgievsk. 

'.',.  P.  colchicus  talischensis  Lor.,  from  Lenkoran  to  North  Persia,  Ghilan 
and  Eastern  Masanderan. 

2.  Phasianus  colchicus  komarowi  =  prmcipalis. 

In  the  Ibis,  1904.  pp.  381,  .388,  Buturlin  separates  Phasianus  principalis 
and  komarou-i.  The  former  was  described  by  Sclater,  Proc.  Zool.  Soc.  London. 
1885.  p.  .'i22,  from  "  Bala  Murghab,"  on  the  Murgab  River,  the  latter  by  Bog- 
danow,  Bull.  Acad.  St.  Petersbovrg,  xxx.  p.  35G.  1886,  from  specimens  collected 
by  Zarudny  on  the  Tejend  or  Heri-rud  River,  but  not  as  distinct  from  principalis, 
but  because  the  author  had  not  yet  seen  the  description  of  the  latter.     Zarudny, 


NOVITATES   ZOOLOGICAE   XXIV.    1917.  443 

who  had  collected  ijheasants  on  both  rivers,  considered  them  to  be  one  and 
the  same  form  in  his  writings  in  1889,  1890,  1896,  and  1903.  Ogilvie-Grant 
united  both  in  1893  and  1912,  Alpheraky  and  Bianchi  did  the  same  in  1908. 
Evidently  all  these  authors  are  right  and  Buturlin  wrong.  The  only  difference 
between  the  males  of  the  two  supposed  forms  is,  according  to  the  latter  author, 
that  the  wide  blackish  ends  to  the  flank-feathers  have  a  greenish  gloss  in 
komarowi,  a  purplish  gloss  in  ■principalis.  This  would  admittedly  be  the  only 
difference !  Very  little  indeed,  but — as  Buturlin  says — enough  to  separate 
the  two  forms,  if  constant.  This,  however,  is  not  the  case,  as  not  all  males 
from  the  Tejend  have  the  gloss  on  the  said  feathers  greenish,  and  some 
from  Merw,  on  the  Murgab  River,  show  distinctly  a  greenish  gloss  as  well. 
I  comjoared  four  males  from  the  Tedjen  Valley  with  fifteen  from  the  Murgab 
Basin.  Buturlin  says  that  Ph.  komarowi  is  separated  from  principalis  to  the 
east  "  by  a  narrow  belt  of  waterless  plains."  He,  of  course,  means  the  desert 
between  the  Upper  Tejend  and  Murgab  Rivers.  This  waterless  belt  is  probably 
not  wide  enough  to  form  an  efficient  boundarj',  in  the  face  of  the  fact  stated 
by  Buturlin,  that  Ph.  principalis  ranges  north-east  to  Repetek,  which  is  farther 
out  in  the  desert  than  the  width  of  land  between  the  Tejend  and  Murgab  Rivers, 
and  these  rivers  are  wide  sheets  of  waters  when  they  are  flooded  in  the  spring. 

3.  On  Phasianus  zarudnyi,  gordius,  and  tschardjuensis. 

If  Buturlin's  latest  views  were  correct,  at  least  three  species  of  Phasianus 
would  inhabit  the  middle  course  of  the  Amu  Darja  or  Oxus  River,  apart  from 
chrijsomelns  in  the  delta,  i.e.  Ivliiva  (Chiva),  "  as  far  as  Petro-Alexandrovsk." 

In  1896  Zarudny  described  (in  Russian!)  as  a  new  species  Phasianvs 
medius,  inhabiting  the  valley  of  the  Amu  Darja  from  "  Khiva  to  Chardjui." 
Unfortunately  the  name  tnaliu.s  was  invalidated  by  P.  medius  Milne-Edwards 
1870,  and  therefore  Buturlin  (Ibis,  lS9t.  p.  390)  correctly  gave  it  a  new  name, 
calling  it  very  justly  Phasianus  principalis  zarudnyi,  though  Ph.  colchiciis 
zarudnyi  would  still  have  been  better.  This  P.  c.  zarttdnyi  differs  from  P.  c. 
principalis  in  having  only  a  black  spot  at  the  tip  of  the  scapulars  or  a  narrow 
black  lino,  not  one  of  2  or  3  mm.  wide  ;  on  the  sides  of  the  neck  is  as  a  rule, 
though  not  always,  a  trace  of  a  white  collar,  which  is,  however,  never  com- 
plete, being  widely  interruisted  above  and  below,  and  sometimes  quite  absent. 
The  coppery-purple  edges  to  the  chest-feathers  are,  as  a  rule,  a  shade  darker, 
the  wide  black  tips  to  the  flank-feathers  greenish.  From  the  few  specimens  I 
was  able  to  examine,  it  seems  also  that  the  feathers  of  the  throat  have  green 
to  blue-green,  instead  of  purple  edges.  This  form  is  said  to  inhabit  the  Middle 
Oxus  Valley  from  Petro-Alexandrovsk  to  Chardjui,  "  and  perhaps  somewhat 
higher  up  the  river."  This  latter  supposition  seems  to  be  justified,  as  we  have 
a  fine  male  froni  Kerki,  a  hundred  miles  farther  up  the  river,  which  has  no  trace 
of  a  white  collar,  but  is  evidently  a  typical  zarudnyi.  According  to  Russian 
authors,  Ph.  chrysomelas  is  also  found  as  far  as  Petro-Alexandrovsk  ;  as  there 
can,  in  my  opinion,  be  no  doubt  that  both  chrysomelas  and  zarudnyi  are  sub- 
species of  Ph.  colchicus,  these  statements  are  open  to  doubt.  They  may  be 
based  on  the  occurrence  of  stray  specimens,  or  on  inexact  labels.  No  pheasant 
would  perhaps  be  shot  literally  at  Petro-Alexandrovsk,  which  is  a  fortress  or 
fort,  but  near  there  ;    if,  therefore,  both  forms   meet  near  that  place,  where 


444  NOVITATES   ZOOLOOICAE   XXIV.    1917. 

perhaps  the  natural  conditions  of  the  delta  of  the  Amu  Darja  make  place  for 
those  of  the  middle  course  of  the  river,  specimens  .shot  ten  or  twelve  miles  north 
and  ten  or  twelve  miles  south  might  all  be  labelled  Petxo-Alcxandrovsk, 
although  not  livuig  in  the  same  places. 

In  1908  {Ann.  3Iiis.  Zool.  Acad.  St.  Pelershourg.  xii.  "  1907."  p.  440), 
Messrs.  Alpheraky  &  Bianchi  described  Phasianus  gordius  from  a  single  cj 
specimen  from  Karnas,  50  miles  up  the  river  from  Kcrki.  The  description  fits, 
as  Buturlin  {Ibis,  1908.  p.  573)  correctly  says,  absolutely  coUarless  specimens 
of  zarudnyi,  but  he  adds  that  the  type  specimen  differs  from  the  latter  "  in 
the  purplish-red  colouring  of  the  chest  extending  to  the  uppermost  part  of  the 
back  and  quite  suiDcrseding  there  the  golden  ground-colour."  At  the  same 
time  {Ibis,  1908.  p.  371)  the  author  described  another  "  new  species"  as  Pha- 
sianus tschardjuensis,  and  of  which  he  says  that  it  differs  from  gordius  in  having 
the  scapularies  edged  with  a  1  to  2  mm.  wide  black  line,  and  the  purplish-red 
colouring  not  c^uite  so  much  developed  on  the  upper  back. 

The  first  of  these  two  characters  is  undoubtedly  variable,  and  therefore 
of  no  value  if  only  one  or  two  specimens  are  compared,  the  other  is  obviously 
not  a  strong  point.  I  have,  therefore,  no  doubt  that  gordius  and  tschardjuensis 
are  one  and  the  same  bird,  and  this  has  also  clearly  been  pointed  out  by  Zarudny 
in  the  following  year,  but  I  cannot  helj)  suspecting  that  they  are  nothing  else 
but  Zarudnyi.  If  there  was  another  subspecies — there  can  be  no  question  of 
species,  considering  the  nature  of  the  supjjosed  differences,  and  that  all  these 
forms  are  only  subspecies  of  Ph.  colchicus — farther  up  the  river  than  zarudnyi, 
which  is  said  to  live  from  Petro-Alexandrovsk  to  Chardjui  "  and  perhajis  some- 
what higher  up  the  river,"  how  can  there  be  a  different  race  again  at  Chardjui 
and  the  same  (or  almo.st  the  same)  at  Karnas,  while  not  this,  but  zarudnyi  occurs 
at  Kcrki !  These  mysteries  of  distribution  disapjiear  at  once  if  we  suppose 
that  gordius  and  tschardjuensis  are  the  same  as  zarudnyi,  and  I  believe  that 
future  unbiassed  research  will  prove  this  to  be  the  case. 

Still  higher  up  the  river  we  find  bianchii,  a  very  distinct  race,  nearest  to 
chrysomelas  from  the  delta  of  the  Oxus,  but  with  much  more  developed  green 
edges  to  the  feathers  of  the  jugulum,  chest,  and  sides,  and  reduced  golden  sub- 
apical  bars  to  the  feathers  of  these  parts. 

In  addition  to  these  N.  Zarudny  has  described  (see  Baron  Loudon's  transla- 
tion of  the  original  article  in  "  Ssemja  ochotnikow,"  a  hunting-journal,  in 
Ornilh.  Jahrb.  1910.  p.  45)  a  bii'd  which  he  calls  Phasianus  jabae.  Of  this 
he  says  that  it  rarely  appears  from  the  east  in  the  country  inhabited  by  gordius, 
but  only  as  an  occasional  visitor,  like  zarudnyi,  which  exceptionally  appears 
there  from  the  west.  This  "  jabac^''  is  described  as  forming  a  transition  from 
bianchii  to  "  gordius,"  but  the  author  repudiates  the  idea  that  it  might  be  a 
hybrid  between  the  two,  because  bianchii  was  not  found  where  it  occurred. 
Though  I  am  the  last  person  to  jump  to  the  conclusion  that  a  bird  which  does 
not  agree  with  the  hitherto  known  forms  is  a  hybrid,  having  in  fact  often  ridiculed 
such  rash  statements,  I  cannot  quite  see  the  force  of  the  above  proof,  because 
Zarudny  evidently  only  knows  some  stray  bh-ds  (possibly  not  more  than  a  single 
specimen  !),  of  which  he  expressly  says  that  they  (or  it ! )  came  from  the  "  east," 
and  eastwards  of  where  his  "jabae  "  was  found  is  the  home  of  bianchii.  Now, 
the  Tring  Museum  possesses  a  male  which  agrees  with  the  description  of  ''jabae,'''' 
and  which  might  be  described  as  intermediate  between  zarudnyi  and  bianchii. 


NOVITATES   ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV.    1917.  445 

It  was  hrouglit  alive  to  the  Zoological  Gardens  in  London,  where  it  died,  from 
"Afghan  Turkestan,"  whatever  that  may  mean.  The  question  must  remain 
open,  so  far,  whether  this  bird  is  a  separate  subspecies,  or  a  hybrid  between 
hianchii  and  znrudniji  (or  "  gordius  "). 

1.  Phasianus  colchicus  strauchi. 

Since  1JS70,  when  P.  slmnchi  was  first  described,  from  Tatuug  and  i>uhuk- 
gol  in  Kansu,  three  more  forms  have  been  named  from  Kansu  ;  all  these  are, 
in  my  opinion,  synonyms,  i.e.  : 

Phasianus  holdcreri  Sclialo^\-,  Jourii.  /.  Orn.  1901.  p.  lit.  \)\.  1,  from  .Alint- 
chou,  S.W.  Kansu ; 

Phasianus  herezowskiji  Rothschild,  Bull.  B.U.  Club,  xii.  p.  'M.  11)01,  from 
Hui-Tsian  or  Hoi-Sian  in  S.E.  Kansu  ;  and 

Pha.siamis  strauchi  chonensis  Ogilvie-Grant,  Bull.  BO.  Club,  xxxi.  p.  10. 
1912,  from  the  Tau  River  in  Chone,  S.E.  Kansu. 

At  the  same  time,  considering  the  few  specimens  which  Schalow,  Roth- 
schild, and  Ogilvie-Grant  had  at  their  disposal  for  comparison,  it  is  quite 
comprehensible  and  excusable  that  they  should  have  thought  to  have  new 
forms  before  them,  though  the  two  first  authors  might  have  been  cautioned 
by  the  fact  that  they  had  only  one  single  specimen  of  their  supposed  new 
species,  and  all  three  came  from  the  area  inhabited  by  strauchi,  or  not  far  away. 
The  description  of  holdereri  has  only  about  a  month  priority  over  that  of  6ere- 
zowskyi.  P.  holdereri  was  chiefly  separated  from  straiichi  on  account  of  its 
wide  white  collar  and  lighter  upperside,  sides  of  breast,  and  tail,  and  it  was 
supposed  to  stand  between  P.  torquatus  and  strauchi. 

P.  berezowskyi  was  se25arated  from  strauchi  because  of  its  much  lighter 
Hanks  and  "  bright  shining  golden-brown  chest  and  breast,"  and  some  minor 
supposed  differences. 

Of  "  P.  strauchi  chonensis,"  Mr.  Ogilvie-Grant,  the  author,  had  live  or  six 
to  compare,  and  they  certainly  differ  from  the  other  sjiecimens  of  strauchi 
in  the  British  Museum,  which  were  collected  by  Russian  explorers  farther 
north  in  Kansu,  by  the  bronze-gold  tinge  on  the  mantle,  the  dark  greenish 
bronze-red  margins  of  the  scapulars,  and  in  Mr.  Ogilvie-Grant's  opinion  also 
in  the  wider  bars  across  the  tail-feathers. 

None  of  the  characters  on  which  the  authors  relied  is  constant,  and  strauchi 
is  altogether  a  rather  variable  bird.  I  should  not  have  been  so  confident  and 
so  sure  about  this,  if  we  had  not  received  from  the  late  Alan  Owston's  Japanese 
collectors  a  series  of  not  less  than  28  adult  males — from  Ta-pai-shan  in  the 
centre  of  the  Tsin-ling  Range.  This  magnificent  series,  which  I  have  been 
able  to  comjjare  with  twelve  others  in  the  Tring  and  British  Museums,  shows 
quite  clearly  how  strauchi  varies. 

The  crown  of  the  head  is  sometimes  quite  brownish  bronzy,  but  mostly 
of  a  dark  green. 

The  white  collar  on  the  hind-neck  is  sometimes  more  than  a  centimetre 
wide  and  only  interrupted  in  front,  more  often  narrower  and  only  indicated, 
and  also  often  quite  absent,  without  a  trace  of  it. 

The  whole  upperside  varies  in  colour,  more  or  less,  the  rumjj  chiefly  accord- 
ing to  season,  as  the  green  and  creamy  bars  of  the  feathers  become  much  more 
conspicuous   after   the  breeding   season,  when   the  edges  are  worn   off.     The 


446  NOVITATES   ZOOLOOICAE   XXIV.    1917. 

long  middle  rectrices  are  sometimes  much  lighter,  sometimes  darker,  more 
tinged  with  rufous  brown,  and  the  width  of  the  black  bars  is  not  constant. 
The  underside  is  equally  variable.  The  sides  of  the  breast  are  sometimes 
much  lighter,  more  "  buffy  golden-brown,"  especially  in  the  type  of  herezon'skyi 
and  in  worn  summer  bii'ds.  The  colour  of  the  chest  and  breast  is  also  variable  ; 
sometimes  these  parts  are  so  strongly  washed  with  green  and  the  feathers  have 
such  wide  dark  green  edges,  that  they  remind  one  strongly  of  P.  colch. 
vlangalii — which  is  of  course  very  different  on  the  upperside.  More  often 
there  is  hardly  any  or  very  little  green  on  the  chest  and  breast,  except  along 
the  middle  of  the  latter. 

Among  the  Tsin-ling  males  are  specimens  which  agree  absolutely  with 
others  collected  in  Kansu  ))y  Russian  explorers  and  received  from  the  Museum 
in  St.  Petersburg  and  from  the  late  Th.  Lorenz  in  Mo.seou,  others  ^^hich  agree 
with  the  type  of  herezowskyi  and  with  chonensis,  as  well  as  with  holdereri,  as 
far  as  I  remember,  having  seen  the  latter  some  years  ago,  and  judging  from 
the  description  of  Schalow.  With  regard  to  that,  it  is  remarkable  that  the 
author  named  a  bird  .shot  on  the  same  day,  and  therefore  not  far  away — as  one 
does  not  travel  fast  in  those  mountains — P.  strauchi. 

5.  On  "  Ring-necked  "  Pheasants. 

Not  so  very  long  ago  all  the  Ring-necked  Pheasants  of  Eastern  Asia  were 
thought  to  be  one  and  the  same,  except  the  Formosan  Pheasant,  Phasianus 
colchicus  jormosaniis.  When  Ogilvie-Grant,  in  1893,  published  the  Catalogue 
of  the  Game-buds  in  the  British  Museum,  he  united  them  all,  not  having  enough 
material  to  sejjarate  them.  It  was  Rothschild  who,  iu  liKll  and  I'JOi!,  first 
broke  this  spell. 

In  the  former  year  (Bull.  B.O.  Club.  xii.  p.  l'I)  bo  used  for  the  Ussuriland 
Pheasant  the  name  "  PJiasiaini.s  lorquatxs  monrjoliciui,'^  in  190.'!  {op.  cii.  xiii. 
p.  43)  he  corrected  his  mistake  and  called  it  P.  t.  pallnsi,  describing  specimens 
collected  by  the  brothers  Dorries  on  the  Lower  iSidemi,  Ussuriland.  Soon 
afterwards  followed  Buturlin  with  quite  a  volley  of  names.  He  had  compared 
and  studied  a  good  many  specimens  and  for  the  first  time  discovered  several 
very  distinct  forms,  but  he  shot  over  the  mark  and  created  also  some  unnecessary 
synonyms. 

There  are  among  the  "Ring-necks"  two  groups:  one  with  wide  cream- 
coloured  superciliary  stripes,  one  without.  To  the  latter  belongs  /'.  colchicus 
decollatus,  and  often  jormosanus,  in  which  it  is  narrow  and  not  rarely  wanting. 
P.  c.  decollatus  can  always  be  recognised  by  the  want  of  any  superciliary  stripe, 
while  an  indication  of  a  white  neck-ring  is  not  rare,  and  sometimes  the  latter 
is  quite  distinct,  being  interrupted  behind  and  in  front,  or  even,  exceptionally, 
in  front  only  !  P.  c.  decollatus  lives  east  of  the  habitat  of  torquatu-'^,  in  the 
Chinese  provinces  of  Kwei-chou,  West  Hunan,  Eastern  Yunnan  and  Setchuan 
to  Ta-tsien-lu,  apparently  (? )  south  into  Northern  Tonkin. 

Another  form  has  a  whitish  superciliary  stripe,  but  narrower  than  in  ior- 
quatus  and  its  allies.  This  form  is  a  nomenclatorial  monster  without  com- 
parison.    Buturlin  {Ibis,  1904.  pp.  383.  407.  408)  fir.st  named  it: 

Phasianus  holdereri  kiangsiiensis , 
because  he  imagined  that  it  occurred  in  Kiangsu,  but,  as  his  original  descrip- 


NOVITATES    ZOOLOOICAE    XXIV.     IHIT.  447 

I 

tion  shows,  and  as  he  expressly  says  in  Ibis,  1908.  p.  583,  he  saw  only  one  male 
which  Raddc  had  bought  frozen  in  Kiachta,  and  of  which  he  supposes  that 
it  was  brought  there  from  Kalgan,  north-west  of  Peking,  because  it  is  known 
that  Chinese  traders  are  in  the  habit  of  bringing  frozen  pheasants  from  those 
districts  to  Kiachta.  The  author  had  received  notes,  in  litteris,  on  pheasants 
from  Kiangsu  (Western  China),  and  so  it  came  about  that  a  bird  was  named 
after  Kiangsu,  where  it  never  occurs,  and  that  the  type  of  kiancjsuensis  is 
a  bird  of  uncertain  origin,  bought  in  Kiachta !  In  the  following  year  the 
same  author,  according  to  his  own  statement  {Ibis,  1908.  p.  581),  named  the 
same  form  Phasianus  schcnsinensis,  in  the  February  number  of  a  Russian 
periodical  on  shooting  and  hunting,  called  Psovaia  i  Ruzheinaia  Okhota,  p.  50, 
and  this  time  from  information  in  litteris  about  specimens  from  Kuku-Khota 
and  Uliassutai,  i.e.  places  which  are  not  in  Shensi,  where  this  ])heasant  is  not 
found  !  In  1908  another  name  was  given  to  this  bird  by  Alpheraky  &  Bianchi, 
who  (Ann.  Mu.s.  Zool.  Acnd.  St.  Petcrshourg,  xii.  "  1907."  p.  456)  described  a 
specimen  from  Kuku-choto  (Kuku-Khota)  in  South-eastern  Mongolia  as  Phasianus 
(jmelini  pewzowi.  It  was  certainly  difficult  to  know  what  Buturlin  meant  by 
his  kiangsuensis  and  schen.sinensis,  but  a  careful  perusal  of  all  this  literature  and 
Buturlin's  clear  remarks  in  Ibis,  1908.  p.  581,  prove  that  'pewzowi  is  the  same 
bird,  notwithstanding  Alpheraky  &  Bianchi's  protest,  as  kiangsuensis,  and 
therefore  the  latter  name  must  be  used  for  it.  This  pheasant  is  so  far  only 
known  to  the  Russian  authors,  but  Lord  Rothschild  has  received  from  Professor 
M.  Menzbier  a  pheasant  named  Phasian  us  pcwzou-i,  and  said  to  have  been  obtained 
near  Kalgan  in  Eastern  Mongolia  in  August  1910.  It  has  been  mounted  and 
came  evidently  through  Th.  Lorenz,  whose  excellent  preparation  it  shows.  I 
believe  that  this  really  is  peiczowi,  rectius  kiangsuensis.  This  bird  shows  the 
peculiarities  pointed  out  by  Buturlin,  but  the  whitish  superciliary  line  is  very 
narrow,  being  merely  indicated,  and  the  rufous  edges  to  the  scapulars  ai-c  veiy 
much  darker  than  in  P.  c.  torquatns,  karpowi,  pallasi,  and  hagcnbecki,  being 
deep  rufous  with  a  purplish  gloss,  a  sti-iking  character  not  mentioned  by  the 
Russian  authors.  Altogether  our  bird  is  so  similar  to  P.  c.  straurhi  that  it  may 
be  said  to  differ  from  the  latter  only  by  the  complete  white  ring  round  the  neck, 
and  the  flank-feathers,  which  are  light  in  the  middle  and  dark  on  the  edges. 

This  form  must  live  in  the  districts  of  Kalgan  and  Knkii-choto  in  South- 
eastern Mongolia,  according  to  Buturlin  also  near  Uliassutai  in  North-western 
]\Iongolia,  i.e.  far  away  ;  it  is  said  to  have  Ijcen  shot  there  in  June,  when  frozen 
birds  cannot  be  transjjorted  ! 

Phasianus  colchicus  torqualus  Gm.  ex  Latham.  Restricted  terra  typica  : 
S.E.  China.  Buturlin  named  tliis  form  P/iasiaiivs  holdereri  gmelini,  because  he 
is  of  opinion  that  the  name  torqualus  cannot  be  restricted  to  any  form,  but  this 
view  cannot  be  upheld.  Names  of  the  Linnean  period  cannot  be  lightly  given 
up.     They  must  be  upheld  if  it  can  possibly  be  done. 

This  form  inhabits  South-eastern  China  from  Canton  to  Hunan,  and, 
undoubtedly  to  the  lower  and  middle  course  of  the  Yang-tse-kiang,  perhaps 
north  to  Shantung  ! 

Phasianus  colchicus  karpowi  But.  Described  Oru.  Monatsber,  1904.  p.  3, 
from  Te-lin  in  Southern  Manchuria. 

Very  similar  to  P.  c.  forqiiatus,  but  the  long  flank-feathers  darker,  more 
brownish  or  rather  more  golden-brown. 


448  KovTTATia  ZooLoeicAE  XXr\'.  1917. 

Clark  {U.S.  Xat.  3Ius.  xxxii.  p.  468.  190")  sejiarated  the  jiheasaut  from 
Tsu-sliima  Island  as  P.  karpoiri  huturlini.  I  have  ixamincd  five  adult  males 
from  Tsu-shima  and  find  them  not  to  differ  from  kurpowi,  the  supposed  differ- 
ences pointed  out  by  Clark  being  variable  or  non-existing.  One  adult  male  in 
the  Tring  JIuseum  has  the  white  ring  interrupted  in  front  for  about  ;V5  cm., 
the  others  have  the  ring  complete. 

P.  c.  karpotvi  inhabits  Corca  and  Tsu-shima  with  Southern  Manchuria, 
according  to  Buturlin  north  to  Kirin,  south  to  Lao-yang  ;  possibly  the  dis- 
tribution extends  much  farther  south  than  Buturlin  believes,  and  sometimes 
Icarpowi  and  iorquntns  are  not  easy  to  separate. 

North  of  knrpuici  lives  : 

Phasianiis  cnlchicus  pallasi  Rothsch. 

Synonyms:  Phasiaiins  nlphcrakyi  Buturlin  (Ibis,  1904.  p.  399)  and  Phtisianus 
alpherakyi  ussuriensis  id.  (/6)'.s,  1904,  p.  403).  The  author  rejected  Rothschild's 
name  palla.si,  because  the  latter,  at  the  time,  thought  that  the  C'orean  pheasant 
(karpoiri)  was  the  same,  but  pnllasi  refers  distinctly  to  the  bird  mentioned  by 
Pallas  as  the  "  Mongolian  variety,"  and  the  types  were  specimens  from  tho 
Lower  Sidemi  River.  Buturlin  says  that  his  alpherakiji  inhabits  Central  Man- 
churia near  the  Sungari  River,  while  his  alpherakyi  uf-.'surievsin  occurred  round 
tho  Ussuri  River  near  the  shores  of  the  Japan  Sea  ;  but  the  two  supposed 
forms  cannot  be  separated,  as  they  are  absolutely  identical. 

Ph.  colchicus  pallasi  diffeis  from  Ph.  c.  torquatus  and  karpoxci  in  its  complete 
and  wider  white  ring  and  generally  lighter  coloration,  and  it  inhabits  Ussuriland 
and  the  northern  and  middle  parts  of  Mancluiria.  I  have  examined  a  fine 
series,  among  them  ten  beautiful  adult  males  from  the  Sidemi  River,  collected 
by  the  brothers  Dorries. 

A  very  close  ally  of  pallasi  is  hagenbechi  (Rothschild,  Bull.  B.O.  Club,  xii. 
p.  20.  1901).  It  was  originally  described  and  separated  by  other  authors  under 
erroneous  impressions,  because  the  types  are  in  strongly  worn  summer  plumage, 
and  the  supposed  differences  from  pallasi  are  due  to  their  appearance  as  com- 
pared with  fine  males  in  fresh  plumage  from  Ussuriland  and  Manchuria.  Never- 
theless there  is  a  difference,  for  the  black  edges  to  the  feathers  of  the  jugulum 
and  breast  are  continuous  and  distinctly  wider,  and  the  white  spot  under  the 
ear-coverts,  which  is  always  present  in  pallasi,  is  generally  absent. 

The  distribution  of  hagenbechi  is  not  known,  for  the  only  specimens  of 
which  we  have  any  knowledge  are  from  Kobdo,  K;\ra-ussu,  and  Achit-Nor, 
north  of  the  Ektag  (White-summit)  Altai.  It  is  very  desirable  to  compare 
a  series  in  fresh  plumage  and  from  other  places. 

"  Phasianus  alaschanicus  "  is  only  known  to  iie  from  the  descriptions 
of  AljDheraki  &  Bianchi  and  Butui'lin. 


0.  About  the  Species  and  Subspecies  of  Phasianus. 

Tn  the  reviews  of  the  true  pheasants  by  Buturlin  (Ibis,  1904  and  1908) 
arid  by  Alpheraki  &  Bianchi  {Ann.  Mus.  Si.  Petersbourg.  xii.  1908),  the  various 
forms  are  grouped  into  a  number  of  species,  many  of  which  have  several  sub- 
species.   I  cannot  agree  to  either  oi  tljeje  groupings,  wlych  seem  to  me.  s.ome- 


NOVITATES   ZOOLOalCAE  XXIV.    1917.  449 

what  arbitiaiy,*  though  I  know  that  the  authors  and  many  other  ornith- 
ologi.st.s  will  not  agree  with  my  view.  I  agree  with  RothschUd,  Laubniann, 
and  others,  who  consider  all  true  pheasants  subspecies  of  one  and  the  same 
species.  In  my  opinion,  there  can  be  no  doubt  whatever  that  all  forms  in 
the  following  list  from  colchicus  to  turcestanicus  and  bergii  are  subspccifically 
allied  ;  another  allied  group  arc  the  grey-runipcd  forms  from  elegans  to 
saischtuensis — but  both  groups  are  in  sonic  way  connected  by  the  rare  tari- 
mensis.  The  transition  from  the  broun- winged  colchicus  group  to  the 
white-whiged  ■persiciis  is  beautifully  developed. 

One  can  have  different  opmions  about  versicolor,  but  1  have  preferred  to 
treat  it  as  a  "  species." 

7.  List  oJ  Forms  of  "True  Pheasants." 

After  a  proionged  study  of  the  genus  Phasianns,  I  have  arrived  at  the 
following  list,  but,  as  I  was  unable  to  comjjare  the  material  in  other  European 
and  Russian  collections,  several  forms  are  only  known  to  me  from  descriptions, 
and  it  is  thus  chiefly  based  on  the  material  in  the  Tring  and  Briti.sh  Museums, 
the  only  ones  in  Jingland  which  contain  good  series  of  Pheasants,  and  both 
very   rich   in   specimens. 

My  list  does  not  differ  very  widely  from  one  published  by  Ogilvie-Grant 
in  1912  in  British  Game  Birds  and  Wildjoui  (Vol.  1.  of  The  Gun  at  Home  and 
Abroad),  and  unknown  to  most  ornithologists. 

1.  Phusianus  colchicus  colchicus  L.   1758. 

Synonym:    Ph.  colch.  lorenzi  But.  1904. 

South-eastern  and  eastern  shores  of  Black  Sea  and  thence  eastwards  along 
the  Rivers  Rion  and  Tchorok  to  the  Kura  and  Araxcs  and  their  tiibutarics. 
Introduced  in  most  countries  of  Europe,  N.  America,  New  Zealand. 

2.  Phasianus  colchicus  septentrionalis  Lor.   1888. 

Northern  slopes  of  Caucasus,  especially  valleys  of  Kuban,  Terek,  Kuma, 
south  to  Apcheron,  north  as  far  as  mouths  of  Wolga. 

3.  Phasianus  colchicus  ialischcnsis  Lor.   1888. 

Lowlands  of  Talisch  (Lenkoran)  to  Ghilan  and  Masanderan  in  North 
Persia. 

4.  Phasianus  colchicus  persicus  Sew.  1875. 
North-eastern  Persia  and  south-western  parts  of  Transcaspia. 

5.  Phasianus  colchicus  frincipalis  Scl.  1885. 
Synonyms:   Ph.  komaroivii  Bogd.  1886. 

Ph.  principalis  bogdanowi  But.  1894. 
Lowlands  of  Lower  Murgab  and  Tcdjen,  streams  coming  from  the  Darah- 
Gaz  and  Kalat-i-Nadiri,  north  formerly   to   Geok-tepe   and   Ahal-tekke,  east 
to  Repetek,  according  to  Buturlin. 

*  For    example,   Alph^raki  &  Bianchi  keep  talyschensis  specifically   distinct   from  P.  c. 
colchicus ! 


450  NOVITATES  ZOOLOiaCAE   XXIV.    1917. 

6.  Phasianus  colchicus  zarudnyi  Bui.   1894. 

Valley  of  middle  course  of  Amu-Daria  (Oxu.s),  but  exact  limits  of  distribu- 
tion not  yet  certain. 

?  7.  Pkasiamts  colchicus  gonlivs  Alph.  &  Bianchi  1908. 
Synonym:    Ph.  tschardjuensis  But.  1908. 
Vide  antia.     (Not  seen.) 

8.  Phasianus  colchicus  zerajschanicus  Tarnovski  1893. 
Valley  of  Zerafshan  in  Buchara  and  Samarkand. 

9.  Phasianus  colchicus  chrysomelas  Sew.  1875. 
Delta  of  Amu-Daria  (Oxus),  at  least  to  Petro-Alexandrowsk. 

10.  Phasianus  colchicus  hianchii  But.   1904. 
Mountains  of  Buchara,  along  Rivers  Kafirnagan,  Waksh,  and  Surkhan,  and 
near  Termes  (Tarmys)  on  the  Uj^per  Amu-Daria. 

?  11.  Phasianus  colchicus  jabae  Zar.  1909. 
On  the  Amu-Daria,  above  "rdiardjui,  Pos.sibly  a  specimen  in  the  Triiig 
Museum  brought  alive  from  "  Afghan  Turkestan  "  might  belong  to  this  form, 
which  is  possibly  a  hybrid  between  zarudnyi  and  hianchii  ;  the  type  was  obtained 
in  a  district  where  "  gardius  "  is  said  to  live,  and  where  zarudnyi  is  said  to 
appear  sometimes  from  the  west  and  "  jabae  "  from  the  east ! 

12.  Phasianus  colchicus  michailovski  Zar.   1909. 

Said  to  live  "  in  the  districts  round  the  Pamir  and  ]io.=:sibly  in  the  Pamir 
itself."     According  to  description  quite  distinct.     (Not  .seen.) 

13.  Phasianus  colchicus  shawi  Ell.  1870. 
Synonyms  ;   Ph.  insignis  Ell.  1870. 

Ph.  shairi  chrysomeloides  Lorenz.  1909. 
East  Turkestan  from  Yarkand  and  Kashgar  to  the  Lower  Aksu  and  (.'hotan- 
Daria. 

14.  Phasianus  colchicus  mowjolicus  Brandt  1844. 

Synonym  :    Ph.  brandli  Rothsch.  1901. 

Province  of  Semiretchensk  and  greater  part  of  Sen  ipalatinsk  in  Russian 
Turkestan,  and  Kuldja,  also  the  depressions  of  the  Issik-Kul,  Balkash,  Ala- 
Kul,  and  Saissan-Nor  with  their  affluents.  ("  Ph.  c.  mongolicus  "  is  a  misnomer, 
for  it  does  not  occur  in  real  Mongolia.) 

?  15.  Phasianus  colchicus  semitorquaius  Sew.   1875. 
Southern  part  of  Dsungaria,  west  to  the  depression  fif  the  Ebi-Nor  and 
east,  according  to  Buturlin,  to  Gutchen.     I  have  examined  skins  from  Manas. 
(From  the  material  examined,  this  form  appears  to  be  quite  recognisable,  but. 


NOVITATKS    ZOOLOOiCAE    XXIV.     1017.  451 

according  to  Messrs.  Alpheraky  &  Bianchi,  who  had  the  type  before  them,  not 
separable.     The   authors   quite   correctly   say   that   SewcrtzofT   compared   his 

"  semiiorquutus  "  with  specimens  of  turceslanicus,  and  not  of  the  real  mongoliciis, 
but  it  does  not  follow  from  his  luistakc  that  (he  form  is  not  separable.) 

10.  Phasiamis  colchicus  inrcestanicus  Lor.   189(1. 
From  the  shores  of  Lake  Aral  through  the  valley  of  the  Syr-Daria  ( Yaxartes) 
east  to  Gultsha  (teste  Buturlin),  5,000  feet  high  in  the  Alia-Tag,  140  km.  .south 
of  Osh. 

17.  Phasiamis  colchicus  bergri  Zar.    1914. 
"  Noun  Kair  and  Uialy  Islands  in  Lake  Aral."     (Not  seen.) 

18.  Phasianus  colchicits  turitnensis  Pleske  1883. 

Tarim  and  Chertchen   Valleys  in  East  Turkestan,    depressions  of  Lakes 
Bagrash-Kul  and  Lob-Nor. 

19.  Phasianus  colchicvs  elegans  Ell. 
Mountains  of  South-western  Setchuan,  North-western  Yunnan,  and  Northern 
Shan  States,  on  the  Salween  River,  at  elevations  of  about  6,000  feet. 

20.  Phasianus  colchicus  strauchi  Przew.  1876. 
Synonyms:   Ph.  hohlereri  Schalow   1901. 

Ph.  berezoivskyi  Rothsch.   1901. 

Ph.  strauchi  chonensis  Ogilvie-Grant  1912. 

Southern  Kansu,  north  at  least  to  the  Tatung  River,  East  Middle  Shensi, 
where  common  in  the  Ta-pai-shan  in  the  Tsin-ling  Chain. 

21.  Phasianus  colchicus  sikhschanensis  Bianchi  1806. 

Near  Sung-pan  and  Tung-pei  in  Siih-shan,  North-western  Setchuan.  Four 
specimens  known  :    2  in  St.  Petersburg,  1  Tring,  1  British  Museum. 

22.  Phasianus  colchicus  sohokhotensis  But.  1908. 

Oasis  of  Soho-khoto  near  Chen-fan,  100  km.  north-cast  of  the  Nan-shan 
or  Richthofcn  Chain.  The  differences  stated  to  exist  by  Buturlin  appear  to 
be  slight,  and  specimens  from  the  Tatung  Mountains  are  said  to  be  intermediate, 
but  the  apparently  isolated  locality  seems  to  be  in  favour  of  a  separate  form. 
(Not  seen.) 

23.  Phasianus  colchicus  jormosanus  Ell.  1877. 
Formosa. 

24.  Phasianus  colchicus  kiangsuensis  But. 
Synonyms  :   Ph.  schensinensis  But.  1905. 

Ph.  gmelini  pewzowi  Alph.  &  Bianchi  1908. 
Kalgan  and  Kukai-khoto,  one  Uliassutai  in  North-western  Mongolia.    See 
antea  ! 


452  NoVtTATES    ZOOLOGICAE   XXlV.    1917. 

25.  Pliasianiis  cokhicus  (hcoUalus  Swinh.  1870. 

Chinese  provinces  of  Koei-tchou,  Western  Hunan,  Eastern  Yunnan,  and 
Setchuan  to  Ta-tsien-lu,  perhaps  also  in  Northern  Tonkin. 

2C.  Phasiaiiiis  colchicus  torquitius  Cm.  1789. 
Synonyms  :   Pli.  alho-torqiiatus  Bonnat.  1791. 
Ph.  /lolcJercri  gmeltni  But,  1904. 
South-eastern  China  from  Canton  to  Hunan,  in  any  case  to  the  Lower  and 
Middle  Yang-tse-kiang,  possibly  north  to  Shan-tung.     (Introduced  in  Europe, 
St.  Helena,  etc.) 

27.  Phasiamis  colchicus  karpotci  But.   1904. 

Synonym  :    Pit.  karpowi  hitturlini  Clark  1907. 
Southern  Manchuria  to  Corea  and  Island  of  Tsu-shima. 

28.  Phasiaims  colchicus  pnllasi  Rothsch.   1903. 
Synonyms:   P/i.  alpherakyi  But.   1904. 

Ph.  alpherakyi  vssiiriensis  But.  1904. 
Ussuriland  to  the  Amur  and  coasts  of  Japan  Sea,  Northern  and  Middle 
Manchuria.     (See  antea.) 

29.  Phasianu.<!  colchicus  hagenbecki  Rothsch.  1901. 
Kobdo,  Kara-ussu,  and  Achit-Nor,  north  of  the  Ektag  Altai. 

30.  Phasiamis  colchicus  alaschanicus  Aljih.  &  Bianchi  1908. 
Said  to  inhabit  an  oasis  near  the  western  slope  of  the  Middle  Ala-shan  Chain. 
Described  from  one  pair  collected  by  Przewalski.    According  to  the  descriptions, 
very  close  to  hagenbecki .     Requires  confirmation.     (Not  seen.) 

.11.  Phasianus  colchicus  vlangalii  Przew.   1876. 
Eastern  Tsaidam,  between  the  South  Kuku-Nor  Mountains  and  the  Tolai- 
Ula  and  Burkhan-IUidda  Chains. 

112.  Phasianus  colchicus  satscheuensis  Pleske  1892. 

Westernmost  Kansu  north  of  the  Nan-shan,  especially  in  the  valleys  of  the 
Bulunzin  and  Dan-khe,  on  the  Khala-tchi-Nor,  in  the  oasis  of  Satchu  (Satcheu), 
near  Ang-si  (An-su),  Shao-wan,  and  Shanto-po. 

.13.  Phasianus  versicolor  Vieill.   1825. 

Synonym  :    Ph.  diardi  Temm.   1830. 
Island  of  Hondo,  Japan. 


NOVITATES    ZoOLOOiOAE    XXlV.     191*?.  453 


NOTES  ON  METANASTRIA  DIGRAMMA   (M.-W.),   WITH 
DESCRIPTIONS  OF   TWO   NEW  SUBSPECIES. 

By  lord  ROTHSCHILD,  F.R.S.,  Ph.D. 

ON  p.  3G9,  No.  99,  of  this  current  volume  I  stated  that  I  considered  digrmnma 
a  distinct  species  from  rubi  Linn,  on  account  of  the  cJ  and  $  being  alilie, 
whereas  in  ntbi  they  are  dimorphic,  and  also  because  the  transverse  lines  on 
the  forewings  were  so  much  farther  apart. 

I  have  now  had  an  opportunity  of  comparing  my  Portuguese  specimens  with 
the  specimens  collected  at  Tangier  by  Mr.  Meade- Waldo,  and  several  interesting 
points  have  resulted.  The  Portuguese  specimens  are  at  once  distinguishable 
from  the  Tangiers  ones  by  the  white,  not  chestnut,  cilia  of  the  hindwings,  and 
in  the  much  broader  and  more  distinct  transverse  lines  on  the  forewings. 
The  females  also  differ  in  having  the  antennae  shafts  purer  white  and  some- 
what longer,  and  in  the  transverse  lines  of  the  forewings  not  being  sinuate. 
The  next  point  is  very  curious.  The  series  taken  by  my  brother  N.  Charles 
Rothschild  at  Cintra  in  Central  Portugal  is  very  different  from  the  series  taken 
by  Dr.  K.  Jordan  at  Monchique  in  South  Portugal.  From  this  it  results  that 
we  have  three  distinct  races  of  Mclanastria  digramma,  two  of  which  I  describe 
below. 

Metanastria  digramma  curvifascia  subsp.  nov. 

?.  Differs  from  d.  digramma  in  being  darker  and  richer  chocolate  rafous, 
and  in  the  forewing  being  darker  than  the  hindwing.  The  transverse  bands  of 
the  forewings  are  much  broader  and  more  distinct.  The  postmedian  band  is 
not  sinuate  but  evenly  curved,  so  that  the  distal  side  is  strongly  convex. 

(J.  Has  thorax  and  basal  quarter  of  wing  strongly  suffused  with  yellowish 
cinnamon,  and  the  hindwing  darker  than  in  the  ?.  Cilia  of  hindwings  in  both 
sexes  cream-white. 

Hithitul.  Cintra,  Portugal,  1  S,  5  ??,  1  larva,  April  1909  (N.  V..  Rothschild). 

Metanastria  digramma  parallelifascia  subsp.  nov. 

?.  Differs  from  d.  digramma  and  </.  curvifascia  in  the  ground  colour  being 
still  darker  and  richer,  and  in  the  two  transverse  bands  of  the  forewing  being 
straight  and  almost  parallel.  The  postmedian  line  is  not  so  broad  as  in  d.  ciirvi- 
jascia,  but  much  more  so  than  in  d.  digramma. 

tJ.  Differs  from  <J  of  d.  curvifascia  in  having  no  cinnamon  suffusion  on  the 
thorax  and  forewings,  and  is  similar  to  ?  in  coloration. 

Cilia  of  hindwings  in  both  sexes  cream-white. 

Habitat.  Monchique,  Algarve,  Portugal,  May  1910,  6  ,J<J,  3  ??  (K.  Jordan). 


454  NoVltATES    ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV.     1917. 

A   FEW   NOTES   ON    THE    BIRDS   OF   YEMEN. 
By  ERNST  HARTERT,  Ph.D. 

IN  the  Ibis,  1917,  pp.  129-186,  appeared  a  valuable  contribution  to  the 
ornithology  of  Arabia  by  W.  L.  Sclater,  called  "The  Birds  of  Yemen," 
and  based  on  collections  made  by  G.  Wyman  Bury  in  1912  and  1913.  As  Mr. 
Sclater  mentioned,  part  of  the  400  skins  collected  by  Bury  "  were  destined  for 
the  Tring  Museum."  As  it  is  just  as  interesting  to  know  what  is  contained  in 
the  latter  collection,  it  would  have  been  better  if  those  skins  in  Tring  had  also 
been  mentioned,  especially  as  they  are  not  always  from  the  same  localities  and 
at  least  in  one  case  not  of  the  same  subspecies.  The  following  foims  in  the  list 
of  Mr.  Sclater  are  also  represented  in  the  Tring  Aruseum  : 

Cinnyricinclus  leucogaster  leucogaster. 

Onj'chognathus  ("  Hagiopsar  "")  tristrami  hadramauticus. 

Ploceus  galbula. 

Estrilda  lufibarba. 

Petronia  dentata. 

"  Passer  domesticus  buryi." 

Poliospiza  menaehensis. 

Serinus  uropygialis. 

Pseudacanthis  yenK'nensis. 

Emberiza  hortulana. 

Embcriza  cinerea  semenowi. 

"  Fringillaria  arabica,"  rectius  Emberiza  tahapisi  arabica. 

Mirafra  cantillans. 

Galerida  cristata  tardinata. 

Motacilla  alba  alba. 

Motacilla  flava  flava. 

Motacilla  boarula  melanope,  rectius  M.  cinerea  melanope. 

Anthus  trivialis  trivialis. 

Anthus  rufulus  cinnamomeus. 

"  Anthus  leucophrys  captus,"  rectius  A.  sordidus  arabicus  Hart. 

Cinnyris  osea  osea. 

Cinnyris  habessinica  hellmaj'ri. 

Zosterops  abyssinica  arabs. 

Lanius  minor. 

Lanius  excubitor  buryi. 

Phoneus  niloticus,  rectius  Lanius  senator  niloticus. 

Fiscus  nubicus,  rectius  Lanius  nubicus. 

Enncoctonus  collurio,  rectius  Lanius  collurio. 

Tschagra  percivali. 

"  C'isticola  cisticola  aridula,"  recte  C.  cisticola  arabica  Hart. 

Hippolais  pallida. 

"  Sylvia  blanfordi,"  rectius  Parisoma  blanfordi  distincta  Hart. 

Sylvia  atricapilla  atricapilla. 


NOVITATES    ZOOLOCICAE    XXIV.     I'Jl".  455 

Phylloscopus  collybita  abietinus. 

Scotocerca  inquieta  buryi. 

Prinia  gracilis  yemenensis. 

Turdus  menachensis  (4  3  ad.). 

Monticola  solitarius  solitarius. 

Monticola  rufocinerea,  rectius  M.  rufocinerea  sclateri  Hart. 

Accentor  fagani. 

Cercotrichas  melanoptera. 

Saxicola  rubicola  maura,  rectius  S.  torquata  maiira. 

Cercomela  melanura,  rectius  C.  m.  erlargeri. 

Oenanthe  oenanthe  oenanthe. 

Oenanthe  yemenensis. 

Oenanthe  Icucomela,  rectius  Oe.  pleschanka  pleschanka. 

Crateropus  (Argya)  squamiceps  yemensis. 

Pycnonotus  xanthopygos  (P.  x.  reichenowi). 

Mu.scicapa  grisola,  rectius  M.  striata  striata. 

Tehitrca  viridis,  rectivis  T.  viridis  ferreti  an  subsp.  nov. 

Cryptoloplia  umbrovirens  yemenensis. 

Riparia  rupestris. 

Hirundo  rustica  rustica. 

Hirundo  rufula,  rectius  H.  daurica  rufula. 

Centropus  superciliosus. 

Merops  apiaster. 

Aerops  albicollis,  rectius  Ae.  albicollis  major. 

Loplioceros  nasutus  forskalii. 

Halcyon  leiicocephala  scmicaerulea. 

Coracias  abyssinicus  abj'ssinicus. 

Melierax  metabates,  rectius  M.  canorus  metabates. 

Astur  splienurus,  rectius  Accipiter  sphenurus. 

Gypaetus  barbatus  grandis  (1  ad.,  1  juv.). 

Milvus  aegyptius,  rectius  M.  migrans  aegyptius. 

Totanus  (rectius  Tringa)  ochropus. 

Totanus  (rectius  Tringa)  hypoleucus. 

Vinago  waalia. 

"  Columba  livia  intermedia,"  rectius  C.  1.  palaestinae. 

Streptopelia  senegalensis  senegalensis. 

Numida  philorhj-ncha  ptilorhyncha. 

We  have  thus  in  Tring  70  species  out  of  tlie  109  (or  rather  110)  (not  100, 
as  Sclater  saj-s,  p.  130)  represented  in  the  British  Museum,  and  in  addition  : 

Acrocephalus  streperus  streperus. 

Phoenicurus  ochruros  phoenicuroides  (also  in  the  Brit.  Mus.). 

Saxicola  torquata  rubicola. 

Saxicola  torquata  indica  must  also  be  added,  the  specimens  being  in  the 
British  Museum. 

With  regard  to  the  very  interesting  Note  on  the  History  of  Arabian 
Ornithology,  which  contains  a  history  of  the  ornitholcgical  explcraticn  of  Yemen, 
it  may  be  added  that  the  Erlanger-Neumann  expedition  in  1S99  went  to  Lahej. 

31 


45()  NOVITATES    ZOOLOOICAK   XXIV.     lill". 

where  they  collected  very  successfully  for  ten  days.  The  species  collected 
there  are  mentioned  in  Erlanger's  writings  and  in  Hilgert's  Katalog  der  Collection 
von  Erlanger  (1908). 

When  incorporating  our  portion  of  the  Bury  collection  I  had  an  opportunity 
to  compare  all  the  species,  and  I  found  that  in  a  few  cases  constant  differences  of 
the  Arabian  birds  had  hitherto  been  overlooked,  so  that  I  was  obUged  to  describe 
some  new  subspecies.  In  a  few  other  cases  I  found  Selater's  identifications 
incorrect,  though  in  most  instances  thej'  were  perfectly  correct. 

In  Selater's  article  trinomial  nomenclature  has  been  used  most  judiciously, 
and  the  names  are  correct  as  to  priority.  Only  in  a  few  instances  biiicmials 
were  used  where  trinomials  would  have  been  equally  necessary  as  in  others, 
as  in  the  case  of  the  Shrikes.  In  others,  chiefly  also  in  the  Shrikes,  too 
much  genus-sphtting  is  indulged  in.  in  the  latter  almost  amounting  to  "furor 
generieus  "  as  our  friend's  unforgettable  father  humorously  called  it. 

It  is  only  about  18  or  19  species  or  subspecies  that  I  have  any  remarks  to 
make.  All  ornithologists  are  obliged  to  Mr.  Sclater  for  giving  us  this  list  of 
one  of  the  most  interesting  collections  from  Arabia,  a  country  which  even  now 
is  only  partially  explored. 

Onychognathus  tristrami  hadramauticus  (Lorenz  and  Hellm.). 

Pilorhimix  hadramauticus  Lorenzand  Hellmayr.  Orn.  Monntsbcr.  1901.  )i.  .'!U  (Ye.slibum  inS.  Arabia). 

The  shghtly  disintegrated  outer  webs  of  some  of  the  remiges,  which  are 
said  to  distinguish  OnycJiognathus  from  Amydrus  are  no  generic  character,  as 
they  vary  greatly,  nor  can  the  length  of  the  bill  and  the  more  or  less  graduated 
tail  serve  to  distinguish  Amydrus  and  Hagiopsar.  I  must  therefore  unite 
Onychognathus,  Amydrvs,  Hagiopsar.  Pyrrhochiira,  and  Ginnamopterus.  and 
the  oldest  name  Onychognathus  (not  "  Onycognathvs  "  as  Sharpe  spelt  it)  must 
be  used  for  this  assemblage.  Lorenz  and  Hellmayr  went  even  farther,  as  they 
united  the  Arabian  Red-winged  Spreuw  with  Pilorhinus,  but  the  nostrils  being 
covered  with  bristly  feathers,  the  short  curved  beak  and  rather  square  tail  together 
may  serve  as  an  excuse  for  the  separation  of  the  latter  genus. 

The  South- Arabian  form  is  with  difficulty  separable  from  0.  tristrami  tris- 
trami of  South  Palestine  and  Sinai.  The  rufous  of  the  primaries  is  mostly 
darker,  but  in  a  few  exceptional  cases  one  cannot  notice  any  difference,  and 
the  primary-coverts,  as  Mr.  Sclater  said,  are  as  a  rule,  though  not  constantly, 
dusky  and  rufous  in  the  Palestine  form,  entirely  black  in  the  Arabian  form; 
but  the  latter  too  is  not  quite  constant,  as  in  a  male  collected  at  El-Kubar  in 
South  Arabia  by  Bury  the  inner  webs  are  mostly  rufous.  On  one  of  the  labels 
Bury  remarks:  "Local  name  Meyiim,  presumably  corruption  of  Meyun,  which 
is  derived  from  the  same  root  as  Mynah." 

"Passer  domesticus  buryi"  Lorenzand  Hellui. 

Mr.  Sclater  keeps  the  South-Arabian  birds  separate  from  P.  domesticus 
indicus,  but  all  the  differences  which  he  states  are  like  those  put  forward  by 
Lorenz  and  Hellmayr,  peculiar  to  fresh  unabraded  winter  birds,  as  compared  with 
worn  spring  and  summer  birds.  I  have  once  more  compared  our  South-Arabian 
sparrows,  all  collected  by  Bury  in  the  Aden  Protectorate  and  at  Menakha  and 


NOVITATKS    ZOOLOtillAE    XXIV.     1!)17.  4-57 

Hajeilah,  also  two  taken  by  Dodson  at  Lahej  near  Aden,  and  I  am  sorry  to  say 
that  I  cannot  recognise  their  differences  from  P.  d.  indicus. 

(I  may  here  add  that  the  boundary  between  P.  d.  domesticus,  which,  according 
to  Zarudny,  is  still  found  in  Ghilan  and  Masanderan  in  northern  Persia,  and 
P.  d.  indicus  which  inhabits  at  least  the  eastern  parts  of  Transcaspia,  must  be 
somewhere  in  the  latter  province,  as  some  specimens  from  there  have  the  long 
wing  of  P.  d.  domestictis.  while  others  appear  to  be  intermediate.) 

Emberiza  tahapisi  arabica  (Lorenz  and  HcDni.). 

Friiigillaria  iiiabica  Lurenz  and  Hellmayr.  Orn.  Momilsb.  1902.  |).  5.5  (Ycshbuiii,  8.  Arabia) :  Sclatcr, 
Ibis.  1917.  p.  148. 

I  cannot  see  the  necessity  or  advisabiUty  to  separate  the  so-called  Fringillariu 
from  Emberiza.  As  to  E.  arabica  it  is  undoubtedly  a  subspecies  of  E.  lahafisi. 
and  is  much  nearer  to  E.  t.  tahapisi  than  to  the  Socotran  form,  which  is  con- 
siderably paler. 

Anthus  sordidus  arabicus  subsp.  iiov. 

.inthiii  kiKophri/s  caytus  (nee  Haitert!)  Sclater,  Ibis,  1917.   ji.   157. 

The  Pipit  of  South  Arabia  is  very  unlike  capius,  but  after  due  consideration 
can  be  regarded  as  a  subspecies  of  the  same  species.  It  has  the  same  elongated 
bill  and  general  structure,  but  differs  at  a  glance  by  having  the  upper  side 
considerably  darker,  the  wide  edges  to  the  wing-coverts  browner  and  darker, 
sides  of  the  head  darker,  underside  more  brownish  and  much  more  heavily 
spotted  on  the  chest.  Eliminating  a  number  of  apparently  wrongly  sexed  speci- 
mens I  measure:  10  S  wings  195-101-5,  10  ^  89-94  mm.  'i  ype  :  "§"  ad. 
(apparently  <J)  Menakha  29.  i.  1913,  No.  331  G.  W.  Bury  Collection.  (Tring 
Museum).     (31  .skins  examined  and  compared.) 

This  form  differs  from  A.  s.  hararensis  in  being  much  larger  and  more 
heavily  spotted  on  the  chest,  while  A.  s.  longirostris  has  the  edges  to  the 
feathers  of  the  upperside  and  the  rump  more  cinnamon-brownish. 

Hab.  :  Yemen  (Menakha,  Wasil.  Hajeilah,  Souk-al-Khamis)  and  Amiri 
district.  South  Arabia.     No  doubt  breeding  in  these  countries. 

While  describing  this  new  form  ray  attention  has  been  called  tu  the  binl 
from  Sokotra.  which  is  another  distinct  subspecies.  It  has  very  little  to  do 
with  A.  sordidus  sordidus  from  Abyssinia,  which  is  very  dark  brown  on  the 
upperside,  with  rusty  browTi  edges  to  the  wing-coverts,  and  a  much  more  rusty 
cinnamon  undersurface.  In  coloration  of  the  upperside  the  Sokotra  form  is 
intermediate  between  arabicus  and  capius,  being  dark  brown  with  pale  edges 
to  the  feathers,  but  underneath  it  is  even  lighter  than  capius.  Unfortunately, 
tile  specimens  collected  by  the  Grant-Forbes  expedition  are  all  in  very  worn 
plumage.     Wing  shorter  than  in  arabicus.  i.e.   S  ad.   89-90,  $  84-85  mm. 

I  call  this  form,  which  breeds  in  Sokotra  : 

Anthus  sordidus  sokotrae  subsp.  nuv. 

Type  :  5  Ahlo  Pass,  3,500  ft..  Sokotin  i>.  ii.  1899,  Ogilvie-Grant  and  H.  0. 
Forbes  coll.  (Tring  Museum). 

Neumann  {I.e.  p.  234)  has  already  called  attention  to  these  new  forms. 

In  1905,  when  describing  the  large  pale  Pipit,  which  inhabits  Persia,  Bahi- 


458  XOVITATES    ZOOLOCICAE    XXIV.     15)17. 

chistan,  and  Afghanistan,  I  called  it  Anthus  leucoplirys  capins.  The  Pipits  of 
Africa  and  India  were  then  very  little  understood,  and  their  study  is  very 
difficult  indeed.  I  was  under  the  impression  that  the  name  levcophrys  was 
referable  to  the  forms  with  a  more  spotted  upperside  ;  i.e.  having  pale  edges 
and  dark  centres  to  the  feathers,  and  that  the  name  sordidus  Eiippell,  given  to 
specimens  in  very  worn  plumage,  and  with  a  poor  figure  and  not  too  exact 
description,  belonged  to  the  other  group  -nith  uniform  back.  Since  then  Neu- 
mann's very  useful  notes  appeared  in  Journ.  /.  Orn.  1906.  pp.  231-237.  I  am 
now  convinced  that  there  are — besides  A.  riifvhis  in  its  various  subspecies — two 
quite  distinct  species  in  Africa,  and  that  one  of  them  must  be  called  leucophrys. 
The  other,  which  Neumann  called  nicliolsoni,  must  be  called  sordidus  !  The 
specimens  Nos.  252,  263,  329,  and  330  (see  Neumann,  I.e.  p.  234)  must  be 
Riippell's  sordidus  (cf.  Neumann's  valuable  note  and  measurements  of  the 
types),  but  Neumann  was  misled  by  the  bad  condition  of  the  specimens  into 
the  belief  that  they  were  a  form  of  leucophrys.  Though  forms  of  sordidus  and 
leitcophrys  occur  together  in  South.  East,  and  North-East  Africa,  they  are  by 
no  means  always  easy  to  distinguish,  if  in  abraded  plumage,  when  these  cf  the 
former  species  are  almost  uniform  on  the  back  ;  in  fact  the  only  certain  char- 
acter, besides  the  more  spotted  upperside,  is  the  longer,  straighter,  and  slenderer 
bill.     These  Pipits  must  therefore  be  grouped  as  follows  : 

Anthus  sordidus  sordidus^  nicliolsoni,  nyassae,  longirostris,  hararensis, 
arabicus,  sokotrae,  captus,  jerdoni,  similis.  On  the  other  hand  A.  leucophrys 
leucophrys,  omoensis,  saphiroi,  zenkeri,  vaalensis,  angolensis,  hohndorffi,  gouldi. 

(A  series  from  the  Wagar  Mountains  in  North  Somaliland  agrees  v^ith  A. 
sordidus  hararensis,  hut  has,  on  the  whole,  the  upperside  slighflj'  lighter,  vhile 
one  from  Harar  is  equally  pale.  To  be  quite  sure  about  the  birds  from  North 
Somaliland,  it  will  be  necessary  to  compare  a  series  of  freshly  moulted  specimens 
with  similar  ones  from  Harar.) 

Lanius  minor  Gm. 

There  is  no  doubt  that  the  specimens  collected  by  Bury,  which  Mr.  Ogilvic- 
Grant  described  as  "  L.  yemenensis,"  are  young  L.  minor. 

Mr.  Sclater,  while  in  other  cases  quite  judiciously  using  trinomials,  among 
the  Shrikes  and  in  other  cases,  where  trinomials  were  equally  opportune,  used 
binomials,  as  for  example  in  the  instance  of  the  red-headed  Shrike,  Lanius  senator 
niloticus.  He  also  went  in  for  much  genus-splitting,  but  not  quite  judiciously; 
if  he  separated  L.  nuhicus  as  "  Fiscus,"  L.  senator  as  "  Phoneus."  L.  collurio  as 
"  Enneocto7ius,"  and  L.  phoenicuroides  an  "  Otomeki,"  he  should  also  have  placed 
in  a  special  genus  Lanius  minor  with  its  widely  different  \dng-formula,  i.e.  very 
short  first  and  long  second  primary. 

Acrocephalus  streperus  streperus  ('V^ieill.). 
Hajeilah,  2,080  ft.,  ?  12.     iv.  1913. 
Sclater  only  mentions  a  specimen  of  A.  palustris  frcm  the  same  locality. 

Cisticola  cisticola  arabica  subsp.  nov. 

Cisticola  cisticola  aridula  (non  Witherby),  Sclater,  Ibis,  1917.  p.  156  (Yemen). 

Comparing  our  three  specimens  from  Hajeilah,  shot  in  March  and  April 
at  an  altitude  of  2,080  It.,  and  others  collected  at  Lahej,  I  find  that  they  are 


XOVTTATES    ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV.     1917.  *"" 

indeed  closely  allied  to  C.  c.  aridula,  but  that  the  rump  is  distinctly  darker 
rufous  bro-wn  ;  it  becomes  therefore  necessary  to  separate  this  form  under  the 
above  name. 

Type  in  the  Tring  Museum,  No.  583  Bury  Collection,  Hajeilah  l.iv.  1913. 

Parisoma  blaniordi  distincta  subsp.  nov. 

"  Sylvia  blanjordi,"  Sclater,  Ihis,  1917.  p.   158. 

The  South  Arabian  form  of  Parisoma  hlanjordi  differs  at  a  glance  from  a 
series  from  Somaliland  by  being  considerably  larger,  and  by  the  different  extent 
of  the  white  on  the  outer  tail-feathers.  As  a  rule  the  white  line  on  the  outer 
web  of  the  ultimate  rectrix  is  wider  in  the  African,  narrower  in  the  Arabian  form, 
while  in  the  former  the  white  on  the  inner  web  is  as  a  rule  wider  in  extent,  ranging 
up  to  about  one-third  of  the  length  of  the  feather,  while  in  the  Arabian  sub- 
species it  is  restricted  to  a  spot  not  more  than  5  to  8  mm.  long.  There  is, 
however,  some  variation  in  this  in  Africa,  the  white  on  the  inner  web  being  not 
more  than  in  P.  b.  distincta  in  a  male  from  Dubar,  North  Somaliland.  The 
type  of  P.  hlanjordi  (Sylvia  hlanjordi  Seebohm,  Proc.  Zool.  Sac,  London,  1878, 
p.  979)  is  from  Rairo  in  Abyssinia,  and  in  it  the  white  has  been  restricted  to  a 
spot  as  in  P.  b.  distincta,  but  is  entirely  worn  off,  as  is  often  the  case,  the  dark- 
coloured  portions  of  the  feathers  being  stronger,  thus  resisting  the  wearing 
off  much  longer.  The  other  specimens  I  have  seen  from  Africa  are  all  from 
Somahland,  except  one  from  the  Erba  Mountains,  not  far  from  Port  Soudan, 
in  which  the  outer  rectrices  are  wanting.  More  Abyssinian  specimens  should 
be  compared  with  those  from  Somaliland,  but  they  are  probably  one  and  the 
same  race.  The  wings  are  63  to  66  mm.  long,  against  67  to  72  in  P.  h.  distincta. 
The  bill  is  much  larger  in  the  latter.  Compared  :  14  P.  b.  blanjordi  and  15 
P.  b.  distincta. 

Type  of  P.  h.  distincta  :  3ad.  Gerba,  South  Arabia,  15.  xi.  No.  611  G.  W. 
Bury  Collection. 

Monticola  rufocinerea  sclateri  subsp.  nov. 

[Saxicola  nt/ocincrea  Ruppell ,  xVeac  Wirb.  Abyss.,  Vog.  p.  76.  Taf.  27  (1835— Simen  in  Abyssinia).] 
Arabian  specimens  differ  from  typical  rujocinerea  by  the  greater  amount 
of  brown  on  the  outer  tail-feathers.  'W  hile  in  31.  r.  rujocinerea,  of  which  I  have 
compared  over  30  specimens  from  Abyssinia  and  North  Scmaliland  in  the  Tring, 
and  a  series  in  the  British  Museum,  the  brown  on  the  inner  web  of  the  outer 
tail-feather  varies  from  1  or  2  to  7  mm.  (the  latter  rarely),  it  is  10  to  14  mm. 
wide  in  31.  r.  sclateri.  There  is  no  constant  difference  in  size,  though  1  have  not 
measured  an  Arabian  male  with  a  wing  over  86,  and  some  with  wings  of  only 
84  mm.,  while  in  males  from  Eritrea,  Abyssinia,  and  North  Somaliland  the  wings 
range  from  85  to  89  mm.  Nor  is  there  any  constant  difference  in  the  shade  of 
the  colours  in  the  males,  though  some  African  males  have  paler  throats,  and  the 
Arabian  female  is  distinctly  more  greyish  on  the  throat  ;  more  specimens,  how- 
ever, must  be  seen  to  confirm  these  differences.  I  have  named  this  new  form  in 
honour  of  Mr.  W.  L.  Sclater,  who  has  written  a  very  creditable  article  on  Bury's 
collection  from  Arabia,  the  ornithology  of  which  was  quite  a  new  field  for  him. 
Type  of  M.  rujocinerea  sclateri:  (J  ad.  Wasil,  4,000  ft.,  4.  iii.1913.  No. 
475  Bury  Coll.  (Tring  Museum). 


4li(l  XnviTATF.s  Zooi.ooiiAK  XXIV.    ini7. 

We  Jiavt-  5  rj  ami  one  ?  froni  .Menakha  and  Wasil  and  one  ,j  fifin  Sok-al- 
Khaniis.  7,000  ft..  IS.  vii.  1913. 

'I'here  is  probably  a  tliird  race  in  East  Africa.  A  male  collectrd  by  William 
Doherty  on  tlic  Escarpment,  Kikuyn  M(iuntains,  has  the  brown  on  the  inner  web 
of  the  outer  rectrices  nearly  15  mm.  wde,  and  a  wing  of  about  90  mm.  A  female 
from  the  same  place  has  also  rather  much  bro'WTi  on  the  lateral  rectrices,  wliile 
two  young  females  are  rather  brown  on  the  upperside.  More  material  ■nill  very 
likely  show  the  Kiknyu  bird  to  belong  to  a  third  subspecies,  for  it  can  hardly 
be  the  Arabian  form,  and  its  habitat  is  also  far  a'way  from  Abyssinia  and  Noith 
vSomalilaiid. 

Prunella  fagani  (O. -Grant). 

Accentor  fagani  Ofii\vie(iii-mt.  Bull.  B.  A.  I'liih.  xxxi.  p.  88  (191.1 — Yemen):  Sclater, //;i.s,  1017. 
p.  162. 

The  Tring  Museum  has  received  '1  o  and  2  ?  of  this  very  interesting  biid. 
It  appears  to  be  nearest  to  P.  ocularis,  which  has  been  very  wrongly  united  with 
fulvescens;  in  Vog.  d.  pat.  Fauna  I.  p.  770,  I  treated  it  as  a  sub.species  of 
fulvescens.  and  if  that  view  is  correct,  I  suppose  P.  fngnni  must  also  be  called 
Prunella  fulvescens  fagani. 

Phoenicvirus  ochruros  phoenicuroides  (Moore). 

RiiticiUa  phoenicuroides  Monre.   /'ror.    Znnl.    Sor.    l.dnrion,    xxii.    p.    25.    pi.    Ares    Ivii.    (18.55 — 
Northern  India). 

3  <J  ad.  Menakha.  20,  23.xii.  1912,   l.ii.  1913. 

In  two  of  these  specimens  the  black  on  the  mantle  (always  hidden  by  grej- 
edges  to  the  feathers  in  autumn  and  winter)  is  not  present  :  it  always  varies 
in  extent,  and  I  have  before  me  specimens  from  southern  Transcaspia  in  which 
it  is  absent,  while  in  others  it  is  well  developed. 

Mr.  Sclater  only  mentioned  Phoenicxirus  phoenicvrus  phoenicurvs  and  mesv- 
leuctis  from  Menakha,  Wasil,  Hajeilah.  and  Hodeida.  On  examining  these 
specimens  I  find  that  the  mesolcucus  were  correctly  named,  but  that  only  those 
from  Wasil  and  Hodeida.  apparently  also  the  female  from  Hajeilah,  were  phoe- 
nicurus,  while  those  from  Menakha,  like  the  specimens  in  the  Tring  Museum, 
belong  to  phoenicvroifles.  which  T  have  treated  as  a  sub.species  of  ochruros  f  Vug- 
pal.  Favna,  p.  723). 

Saxicola  toiauata  rubicola  (L.). 

Motacilla   Ruhicoln    l.imiaeu.s,  Sijst.  Xnt.   eel.  xii.   I.    1.    p.    3.32   (1760 — Ex   .Aldrovandns.  .Alhin, 
Bris-son,  Willugby.     Terra  typica:  France,  ex  Brisson). 

VV'c  have  received  6  cJ  and  3  $  from  Menakha,  shot  in  December  and  January, 
which  belong  to  the  European  form,  rvhicola,  having  spotted  upper  tail-coverts 
and  no  white  at  the  base  of  the  tail. 

Saxicola  torquata  mauia  (Pali.). 

Mnlacilla  mnvra  Pallas,  Jleise  d.  versch.  Prov.  Riiss.  Rrirh.i,  ii.  p.  708  (1773 — S.  Ural  and  between 
rivers  Tobul  and  Irtish). 

1  $  Hajeilah,  2,080  ft.,  7.  iv.  1913.  has  whitish,  unspotted  upper  tail-coverts, 
and  white  bases  to  the  tail-feathers.     It  belong.s  therefore  to  8.  I.  mavru.      Selatir 


NOVITATES    ZoOLOfflCAE    XXTV.     1017.  461 

quotes  only  this  form  as  occurring  at  Mcnakha,  Hajeilah,  and  Sanaa,  but  when 
doing  so  he  did  not.  apparently,  consult  my  book,  but  judged  from  the  boxes 
in  the  British  Museum,  where  four  subspecies  appear  to  be  mixed  up,  though 
there  are  perhaps  no  true  maiira  at  all.  As  I  have  explained  in  my  book,  manra 
is  the  bird  of  the  Caucasus  and  southern  Ural.  The  British  Museum  specimens 
collected  by  Bury  from  Menakha  are  all  rvbicola,  those  from  Sanaa  and  Hajeilah 
are  : 

Saxicola  torquata  indica  (Blyth). 
We  have  not  received  this  form,  nor  is  there  a  true  manra  from  Arabia  in 
the  British  Museum.  S.  t.  rubicola,  besides  its  upper  tail-coverts  being  spotted 
■viath  black,  has  the  bill  stronger  than  indica,  and  both  differ  from  mavra  in  having 
no  white,  or  only  traces  of  it,  at  the  base  of  the  tail.  The  upper  tail-coverts 
have  never  any  black  spots  in  indica  or  maura. 

Cercomela  melanura  eriangeri  Neum.  and  Zedl. 

Cercomda  niFlntnna  rrlanrjeri  Zedlitz,  Joiini.  /.  Orn.  1912.  pp.  497,  556  (South  Arabia). 

(J?  in  terribly  worn  plumage,  Wasil,  4,000  ft.,  22,  24.  ii.  1913. 

Mr.  Sclater,  calling  this  form  C.  wtdanwm,  has  obviously  overlooked  Zedlitz' 
lucid  explanation  of  the  Arabian  forms  of  Cercomela  melanura.  Temminck 
figured  and  named  Cercomela  melanura  (sub.  nomine  Saxicola  melafinra)  from  a 
specimen  collected  by  Eiippell  in  "  Arabia,'  but  Riippell  had  collected  it  in 
'■  Arabia  petraea,"  i.e.  the  Sinai  Peninsula,  and  not  in  southern  Arabia  !  Now 
the  Sinai  Peninsula  and  Palestine  are  inhabited  by  a  very  pale  grey  form, 
i.e.  C.  melanura  melanura — synonyms  asthenia  Bp.  and  yerburyi  Sharpe, — while 
the  form  inhabiting  southern  Arabia  must  be  called  C.  mekiruira  erhmgeri'Neum. 
an;:!  Ze«11. 

Oenanthe  yemenensis  Grant. 

Oenanihe  yetnenensis  Ogilvie-Grant,  BjiII.  B.  O.  Cbih,  xxxi.  p.   166  (Menakha,  Yemen). 

Of  this  interesting  species  we  have  received  a  young  male,  still  showing 
the  buff  spots  of  the  juvenile  plumage  on  the  nape  and  back,  shot  at  Sanaa 
11.  ix. 1913.  and  an  adult  female,  Menakha,  25.  i.  1913. 

To  me  this  species  does  not  look  much  like  0.  bottae,  being  so  very  much 
paler  on  the  upperside  and  underside,  and  having  the  ear-coverts  pale  bufi. 
with  only  a  black  streak  along  their  upper  edge,  while  they  are  mostly  black  in 
0.  bottae.  It  resembles  O.  isabellina,  but  the  forehead  and  greater  part  of  the 
crown  are  deep  brown,  the  breast  a  little  darker  and  more  vinous,  but  from 
both  isabellina  and  bottae  it  is  distinguished  by  the  middle  pair  of  pectrices  being 
black  to  or  almost  to  the  base,  while  the  base  of  those  two  feathers  is  white 
for  about  IS  to  2  cm.     The  wing  of  our  adult  female  measures  101  mm. 

Pycnonotus  xanthopygos  reichenowi  Lorenz  and  Hellm. 

Pycnonutu.s  reichenowi  Lorenz  and  Hellmayr.  Oni.  Monatsher.   1901.  p.  30  (S.  Arabia). 

Sclater  (p.  169)  says  that  he  cannot  confirm  the  supposed  differences  between 
Palestine  (typical  xanthopygos)  and  South  Arabian  specimens.  While  I  quite 
agree  that  the  difference  in  size  which  Lorenz  and  Hellmayr  mentioned  is  not 


462  NO^TATES    ZOOLOOICAE    XXIV.     HII7. 

borne  out  by  series,  and  that  there  is  not  the  slightest  difference  whatever  in 
the  coloration  of  the  throat,  etc.,  it  cannot  be  denied  that  the  upper  surface  of 
South  Arabian  examples  is  generally  slightly  brc\\Tier,  darker.  1  think  it  thtic- 
fore  advisable  for  the  present  to  admit  reichenowi  as  a  subspecies  rather  than  to 
rule  it  out  altogether. 

It  would  be  interesting  to  compare  a  good  series  from  Muscat.  The  few 
specimens  in  the  British  Museum  seem  hardly  distinguishable  from  P.  x.  xcin- 
thopygos. 

The  wings  of  Palestine  males  measure  98-100,  females  91-95-5,  those  of 
South  Arabian  males  95-98.  once  100,  females  88-95  mm. 

Tchitrea  viridis  ferreti  an  subsp.  nov. 

Typical  T.  viridis  from  West  Africa  have  the  back  much  paler  rufous. 
Arabian  specimens  agree  in  colour  with  the  form  ferreti  frc  m  north-eastern  Africa, 
but  nearly  all  have  the  bill  larger.  I  would,  however,  like  to  see  a  bigger  series 
before  giving  a  name  to  this  apparently  new  subspecies.  Bury  sent  us  three 
specimens  from  Wasil. 

Aerops  albicollis  major  Parrot. 

Aerops  albicollis  major  Parrot,  Oni.  Monatsber.  1910.  p.  12  (South  Arabia,  North-East  Africa,  south 
to  Zambesi,  east  to  Uganda).  , 

<J  $ad.  Hajeilah,  7,  17.  iv.  1913. 

There  are  two  very  distinct  forms  of  Aerops  albicollis,  a  western,  A.  albicollis 
albicollis,  and  an  eastern,  A.  a.  major.  The  latter  is  distinguished  frcm  the 
former  by  larger  dimensions,  chiefly  larger  bill  and  longer  wing,  and  also  more 
bluish  tail,  generally  without  any  greenish  tinge.  All  Arabian  skins  are  very 
typical  major,  but  the  few  Uganda  specimens  which  I  have  seen  belong  to 
A.  a.  albicollis. 

Columba  livia  palaestinae  Zedl. 

Colnmba  livia  palaeslinac  Zedlitz,  Joiirn.  /.  Orn.  1912.  p.  339  (Palpstine). 

We  have  a  o  and  $  from  Menakha,  7  and  27.1.1913,  and  the  British 
Museum  has  also  a  pair  from  Menakha,  as  well  as  a  <?  frcm  Hajeilah,  2,080  ft. 
Sclater  called  these  birds  C.  I.  intermedia,  but  this  is  a  mistake,  for  C.  I.  inter- 
media is  the  form  from  tropical  India  and  a  much  darker  bird.  The  Arabian 
birds  are  indistinguishable  from  C.  I.  palaestinae,  and  this  form  is  nearest  to  C. 
I.  schimperihom  Nubia  and  Egypt,  and  of  similar  dimensions,  but  it  is  slighter 
darker,  especially  on  the  under  tail-coverts. 


NOVITATES    ZOOLOC.ICAE    XXIV.     I  !)1  7.  463 


ON  THE  GENEEA  MELANOTHRIX,  DREPANOJANA,  M  ELAN  ER- 
GON, PARACYDAS,  COTANA,  HYPERCYDAS,  EPICYDAS, 
AND  NERVICOMPRESSA  OF  THE  FAMILY  EUPTEROTIDAE 
WITH  DESCEIPTIONS  OF  NEW  FORMS. 

By  lord  ROTHSCHILD,  F.R.S.,  Ph.D. 

(Plates  XI,  XII) 

THESE  genera  have  been  founded  on  a  number  of  Indo-Malayan  and  Papuan 
insects  which  form  a  very  homogeneous  group  together  with  Lasictnorpha 
Joicey  and  Noakes,  and  are  placed  by  modern  workers  at  the  head  of  the 
Eupterotidae.  But  in  spite  of  numerous  indices  all  pointing  to  the  fact,  it  has 
not  hitherto  been  realised  that  all  the  species  contained  in  these  genera  are 
dimorphic  in  a  most  extreme  manner,  with  the  exception  of  the  single  species 
of  Melanergon.     Of  LasiomorpJia  we  only  know  3  specimens  of  2  species,  all  3  (J<J. 

Melanothrix  was  erected  by  Felder  (in  the  Erkldrung  dcr  Tajtln,  LXXV- 
CVII,  page  6,  Reise  der  Novara  Zoologischer  Tlieil,  J5and  II,  Abthcilurg  2),  for 
the  species  he  called  piilchricohr  from  Java,  but  no  diagnosis  was  given  (for 
the  latter  refer  to  Hampson,  Fauna  of  Brilish  India,  Moths,  vol.  i.  p.  44). 

The  following  names  and  descriptions  have  been  published  :  nymphaliaria 
Wallc,  pulchricolor  Feld.,  coryna  Swinh.,  atwpurpurea  Auriv.,  liucotrigona 
Hmpsn.,  nicevillei  Hmpsn.,  homochroa  Griinb.,  radiata  Giiinb.,  lativiltata 
Griinb.,  jumosa  Swinh.,  alternans  Pagenst.,  and  xanthomelas  Griinb.  Of  these 
coryna  Swinh.  { =  atroptirjmrea  Auriv.)  is  the  (J  of  nymphaliaria  Walk. 
(  =  pulckricolor  Feld.)  and  this  species  must  stand  thus: 

Melanothrix  nymphaliaria  nymphaliaria  (Walk.) 

Gnophos?  nymphaliaria  Walker,  Cat.  Lepid.  Ins.  Brit.  Mus.  vol.  xxx.  5.  p.  1598  (1806)  (Java). 
Melanothrix  pulchricolor  Felder,  Reise  d.  Novara  Lepid.  IV.  t.  94.  f.  2.  Erkl,  Taf.  p.  6  (Java). 
Melanothrix  atropurpurea  Aurivillius,  Entom.  Tidskr.  1894.  p.  175.  No.   15  (Java). 
Melanothrix  coryna  Swinhoe  ? 

There  are  two  other  subspecies  of  this  species  which  I  describe  as  new,  as 
f oUows  : 

Melanothrix  nymphaliaria  albidior  subsp.  nov. 

$  differs  from  n.  nymphaliaria  in  the  much  greater  extent  of  white  on  the 
wings  and  the  greater  extent  of  yellow  on  the  sides  of  the  abdomen. 

On  the  forewings  black  of  the  outer  one-third  of  the  wing  does  not  extend 
inwards  nearly  so  far  along,  and  between  veins  2,  l,and  inner  margin,  also  in  the 
basal  two-thirds  of  wing,  the  black  colour  between  veins  4  and  the  inner  margin 
towards  basal  one-third  is  much  reduced.  On  the  hindwing  the  outer  black 
area  is  only  two-thirds  as  wide  as  in  n.  nymphaliaria. 

Habitat.  Fort  de  Kock,  West  Sumatra,  1  ?. 


464  XoviTATES  ZooT.or.ifAK  XX7V.  ini". 

Melanothrix  nymphaliaria   philippina,  siibsp.  nov. 

Melanothrix    pulchricolor   var.    Semper.  Srhmett.    Philip,  vol.   ii.    (Naclitfalter).    p.    .387.    X(t.    11. 
pi.  li.  f.  2  (1896-1902)  (Polillo). 

$  differs  from  n.  nymphaliaria  in  the  almost  entirely  black  forewings,  a  crenii- 
late  patch  beyond  cell  and  the  ba.'^al  half  of  wing  below  vein  1  alone  being  white. 
The  black  of  the  hindwng  is  also  wider,  occupj'ing  the  outer  half  of  wng. 

Habitat.  Polillo.  Philippine  Islands. 

I  have  also  a  new  species  to  describe,  which  appears  to  stand  intermediate 
between  the  nymplialiaria  section  wth  almost  black  abdomen  and  the  niceviUei- 
leucotrigona  section  with  entirely  yello^^•  abdomen,  having  the  wngs  of  the 
former  and  abdomen  of  the  latter. 

Melanothrix  intermedia  sp.  nov. 

Head,  antennae,  and  thorax  black,  abdomen  golden  yellow. 

Forewings  differ  from  those  of  n.  nymphaliaria  in  the  greater  extent  of  the 
black  of  the  inner  two-thirds  of  the  wing  and  in  the  teeth  on  the  inner  side  of 
the  black  outer  one-third  being  longer,  so  that  between  veins  5  and  7  thej^  inter- 
lock with  those  of  the  black  portion  of  the  inner  two-thirds. 

Hindwing  differs  in  the  teeth  on  inner  side  of  black  outer  one-third  being 
smaller  than  in  n.  nymphaliaria . 

Length  of  foreving  :    38  mm.     Expanse  :    81  mm. 

Habitat.  Mergui  Archipelago,  1  ?. 

The  next  species  is  levcntrigona  Hmpsn., of  which  the  female  has  been  wrongly 
identified . 

Melanothrix  leucotrigona  Hmpsn. 

Melanothrix  hncntrignna  Hampson,  Faun.  Brit.  Ind.  Moths,  vol.  i.  p.  44.  fie,  27.  No.   50  (1892) 
(Mahvoon). 

Dr.  Griinberg  has  confused  leucotrigona  and  niceviUei  Hmpsn.  when  de- 
scribing the  $  of  the  latter,  for  Dr.  Griinberg's  $  of  niceviUei  is  really  the  $  of 
leucotrigona,  while  he  figures  in  Seitz  a  $  of  a  Bornean  .species  not  identical  with 
either. 

The  $of  leucotrigona  is  in  wing  pattern  nearest  to  nymphaliaria  philippina, 
but  the  white  is  less  pure,  the  white  marginal  spots  are  larger,  and  the  dentations 
on  the  inner  side  of  the  black  outer  portion  of  both  wings  are  much  larger  and 
longer.     Abdomen  yellow. 

Habitat.  Burma  and  Tenasserim. 

We  next  come  to  niceviUei  Hmpsn. 

Melanothrix  niceviUei  Hmpsn. 

Melanothrix  niceviUei  Hampson.    Fnun.  Brit.  Ind.  Moth.i,   vol.  iv.    Apji.  p.  4.'50.  No.  ."lOa  (1891)) 
(Toungoo,  Burma). 

The  ?  of  this  species  is  unde.scribed.  It  ditTcr.>-  from  all  the  other  species 
of  the  nymphaliaria  .section  in  the  white  areas  of  both  wings  being  much  more 
extended,  its  nearest  all}'  is  radiata  Griinb. 

On  the  forewing  the  black  in  the  inner  three-fourths  of  wing  strongly  reduced ; 
in  the  outer  area  the  four  white  marginal  spots  below  vein  5  run  in  and  join 


XoviTATEs  Zoornr.TrAE  XXIV.    1017.  4fi5 

the  wliite  of  the  inner  area,  rerluoing  the  black  of  outer  area  to  four  wedge- 
shaped  black  2)atches  ;  the  three  white  marginal  spots  above  vein  5  run  in 
only  half  across  the  black  area,  forming  three  white  streaks. 

On  the  hindwng  all  the  seven  white  marginal  spots  run  into  and  join  the 
white  discal  area,  reducing  the  black  outer  area  to  seven  black  wedge-shaped 
patches.     Abdomen  yellow. 

Habitat.  Tenasserim  to  Perak. 

Our  next  species  is  hornochroa  Griinb. 

Melanothrix  hornochroa  Griinb. 

Melanothrix  hornochroa  Griiiiberg,  Entom.  Rdsch.  31  p.  21  (1914)  (Kina  Balu). 

Dr.  Griinberg  in  Seitz  figures  the  $  of  this  insect  as  the  9  of  nicevillei.,  while 
he  refers  to  it  under  his  original  description  of  his llehnothrix  nicevillei  ab.  radiata, 
as  being  intermediate  between  typical  ?  nicevillei  and  his  ab.  radiata  (his  typical 
nicevillei  being  the  $  of  lencotrigona) . 

$  differs  from  the  ??  of  nicevillei  and  lencotrigona  in  being  as  a  rule  larger, 
in  the  black  outer  area  being  wider,  and  in  the  black  on  the  inner  area  of  the 
forewings  being  much  extended.  It  differs  also  from  both  in  the  white  on  both 
wings  being  much  purer,  and  is  intermediate  between  these  two  species  in  that 
the  white  marginal  spots  do  not  join  the  inner  white  areas  of  both  wings.  ))ut 
are  not  nearly  so  widely  separated  from  them  as  in  lencotrigona . 

Habitat.  Kina  Bahi,  Borneo,  1  (?,  5  ??. 

We  now  come  to  radiata  Griinb. 

Melanothrix  radiata  Griinb. 

Melanothrix  nicevillei  var.  radiata  Griinberg,  Entom.  Rdsch.  31.  p.  21  (1914)  (Kina  Balu). 

This  insect  differs  at  a  glance  from  $  of  nicevillei  in  having  the  white  replaced 
by  huffish  cream-colour,  and  in  the  black  of  the  outer  area  being  much  wider, 
on  the  forewing  at  least  one-third  wider,  and  on  the  hindwing  it  takes  up  fully 
the  outer  half  of  the  wing.  The  black  is  also  more  bro\\iiish.  All  the  marginal 
spots  join  the  inner  cream  area  of  both  wings  so  that  the  black  of  the  outer  areas 
is  in  the  form  of  seven  large  wedge-shaped  patches  on  each  wing. 

Habitat.  Kina  Balu,  Borneo,  3  ??. 

The  (J  of  this  and  the  following  are  unknown. 

Melanothrix  lativitta  Griinb. 

Melanothrix  lativittata  Giiinherg,  Entom.  Rdsch.  .31.  p.  21  (1914)  (Kina  Balu). 

This  species  calls  for  no  special  remark. 
Habitat.  Kina  Bahi,  1  ?. 

V\'e  now  come  to  Semper's  Melanothrix  pulchricolor  from  Mindanao.  This 
is  evidently  a  cj^uite  distinct  species  and  I  describe  it  below. 

Melanothrix  semperi  sp.  nov. 

?.  Wings  similar  to  nytnphaliaria,  but  less  black.  Abdomen  yel]o\\  with 
black  transverse  bands. 

Habitat.  East  Mindanao,  Philippine  Islands. 
Our  next  species  is  alternans  Pagenst. 


4B()  NoviTATES  ZoorooiCAE  XXIV.   ini". 

Melanothrix  altemans  Pagenst. 

Mdanothrix  alternans  Pagenstecher  ?,  Iris,  vol.  iii.  p.  13  (1890)  (Palawan). 
Melanothrix  fumosa   Swinhoe  3  (?  errore),   Ann.  3Iaj.  Nat.  Hist.  7  (XVI).  p.  142.  No.  1  (1905) 
(Brunei,  Borneo). 

Here  fumosa  Swinhoe  is  evidently  the  o  of  what  v,e  have  in  collections  as 
alternans  Pagenst.  from  Kina  Balu.  I  have  never  seen  Palawan  specimens,  and 
if  they  should  be  slightly  different  the  Bomean  form  -nill  have  to  stand  as  Melano- 
thrix alternans  fumosa  Swinli.  ;  but  until  this  has  been  proved  the  name  must 
remain  for  those  from  both  islands  M.  alternans  Pagenst. 

Habitat.  Palawan  ;  Brunei ;  Kina  Balu. 

The  last  species  is  xanthomelas  Griinb. 

Melanothrix  xanthomelas  Griinb. 

Melanothrix  xanthomelas  Griinb.,  Seitz,  Grosssdimett.  d.  Erde. 

We  only  know  the  $  of  this  quite  aberrant  species. 

Habitat.  Kina  Balu,  Borneo. 

The  genus  Drtpanojana  follows  now. 

Drepanojana  Jasciata  Auriv. 

Drepanojana  jasciata  Aurivillius,  Entom.  Tidskr.  1893.  p.  212.  No.  25  (Sierra  Leone). 
Drepanojana  apicalis  Aurivillius,  Ann.  Mag.  Nat.  Hist.  18  (vi)  p.  353  (1896)  (W.  Africa). 
Melanothris  maeonia  Druoe,  Ann.  Mag.  Nat.  Hist.  18  (vi)  p.  353  (1896)  (W.  Africa). 

The  only  remark  to  be  made  here  is  that  maeonia  Druce  and  fasciata  Aur. 
are  the  ?§  of  apicalis  Auriv. 

Habitat.  Sierra  Leone. 

Lasiomorpha  comes  here  ;  it  contains  two  species,  one  of  which  I  describe 
below  as  new. 

Lasiomorpha  meeki  sp.  nov. 

3.  Differs  from  L.  noakesihy  its  chocolate-maroon,  not  purplish -black  colour. 
Fore  wings  differ  in  the  costa  being  brilliant  orange  not  black  in  the  whitish 
semihyaline  patch  being  regidar  not  strongly  diminished  towards  tornus,  in 
the  band  crossing  the  hyaline  patch  not  being  an  ill-defined  sinuate  band  of 
scattered  black  scales,  but  consisting  of  a  strong  curved  double  band  reaching 
from  costa  to  inner  margin,  distad  deep  maroon-chocolate,  basad  orange,  and 
in  a  broad  streak  of  rufous  between  veins  1  and  2  from  base  of  wing  almost  to 
transverse  band. 

Hindwing  bright  chocolate-maroon,  not  purplish  chocolate-black. 

Length  of  forcwing  :    38  mm.     Expanse  :    80  mm. 

Habitat.  Owgarra,  Aroa  River,  British  New  Guinea,  May  1908  (A.  S. 
Meek),  2^3. 

The  next  genus  is  Melanergon  with  a  single  species,  the  typical  subspecies 
of  which  was  included  in  his  Cotana  by  Walker.  Melanergon  ditlers  from  Cotana 
by  vein  5  of  the  forewing  being  absent,  by  vein  3  of  that  wing  arising  much 
farther  from  angle  of  cell,  in  the  hindwing  by  vein  3  arising  farther  from  angle 
of  cell,  and  by  the  sexes  being  non-dimorphic.  Ihe  single  species  vidua  Walk. 
falls  into  4  subspecies  as  follows  : 


XOVITATES    ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV.     1917.  467 

Melanergon  vidua  vidua  Walk. 

Gotaria  vidua  Walker,  List.  Lepid.  Ins.  Brit.  Mns.  Part  xxxxii.  p.  549  (1865)  (New  Guinea). 

Walker's  type  was  a  ?  and  the  only  other  recorded  specimen  is  the  S  de- 
scribed below. 

<J.  Differs  from  the  $  only  in  being  paler,  in  the  postmedian  transverse  band 
being  more  distinct,  through  being  more  densely  scaled,  and  confined  to  fore- 
wing,  in  the  frons  being  buff  not  black,  and  in  the  anal  tuft  being  yellow  not 
white  6r  cream. 

Habitat.  New  Guinea  !  (?  type)  ;  <J  Nr.  Oetakwa  River,  Snow  Mountains, 
Dutch  New  Guinea,  November  and  December  1910  (A.  S.  Meek). 

Melanergon  vidua  proserpina  B.  Baker. 

Melanergon  proserpinus  Bethune  Baker,  Nov.  Zool.  vol.  xi.  p.  372.  No.  7  (1904)  (Aroa  River). 

Differs  from  v.  vidua  by  the  more  intense  black  colouring  and  by  the  post- 
median  semihj'aline  transverse  band  being  broader  and  more  strongly  marked. 
Habitat.  South-East  New  Guinea. 

Melanergon  vidua  fergussonis  subsp.  nov. 

<J.  Differs  from  the  <J  of  v.  vidua  by  the  whole  head,  tegulae,  and  patagia 
being  orange,  and  in  having  an  antemedian  as  well  as  a  postmedian  transverse 
band  on  forewing  ;    end  of  abdomen  orange. 

Habitat.  Fergusson  Island,  December  1896  (A.  S.  Meek). 

Melanergon  vidua  louisiadensis  subsp.  nov. 

$.  Differs  from  v.  vidua  and  v.  proserjmia  in  having  hardly  any  trace  at 
all  of  a  transverse  band,  and  in  the  anal  tuft  being  dark  buff. 

Habitat.  Sud-Est  Island,  Louisiade  Islands,  January  to  February  1916 
(Eichhorn  Bros.). 

The  next  genus  is  Paracydas  with  2  species.  It  differs  from  Cotana  and 
Melanergon  in  the  forewing,  in  having  vein  4  from  lower  angle  of  cell  and  5 
from  upper  angle,  and  10  not  being  stalked. 

Paracydas  biagi  B.  Baker. 

Paracydas  hiagi  Bethune  Baker,  Novit.  Zoo!,  vol.  xv.  p.  176.  No.  5  (1908)  (Biagi,  Mambare  River). 

The  ?  of  this  is  undescribed. 

?.  Antennae  black  ;  head,  thorax,  and  abdomen  intense  rufous,  anal  seg- 
ment ringed  with  black,  anal  tuft  pale  grey. 

Forewing  deep  chocolate-brown  ;  basal  three-fourths  of  costa,  base  of 
wing,  and  subcostal  area  bright  rufous  ;  nervures  rufous  ;  a  large  antemedian 
primrose-yellow  patch  of  raised  scales  on  and  between  veins  2-5  ;  a  large  post- 
median  curved  patch  white  running  out  distad  between  the  nervures  into  wedge- 
shaped  projections  ;  margin  rufous  yellow,  fringe  deep  brown  ;  three  ^^■hite 
spots  above  veins  1,  2,  and  3.  Hindwing  deep  chocolate;  base  of  wing  and 
abdominal  area  rufous  clothed  with  long  hair  ;   nervures  rufous  ;   a  row  of  sis 


■108  MOVITATES  ZooLoaicAU   XXIV.    MilT. 

postmedian  intriinoiviilar  white  patches,  tliose  above  veint^  4  and  5  being  the 
smallest  ;   margin  nifons  yellow,  fringe  deep  browTi. 

Length  of  forcwing  ;    41  mm.     Expanse:    91  mm. 

Habitat.  Biagi,  Mambare  River,  10  o<J,  1  ?. 

Paracydas  postpallida  sp.  nov. 

o.  Antennae  deep  brown  ;  head  rusty  orange-brovii  ;  thorax  ehocolatc 
liver-brown  ;   abdomen  rufous  red. 

Forewing  deep  liver-brown  ;  a  large  antemedian  grey  and  black  stigma, 
a  median  transverse  black  band,  outer  one-third  with  a  somewhat  ill-defined 

postdiscal  grey  band  and  grey  cloudings  beyond  ;   fringe  brown. Hindwing 

basal  half  orange  suffused  with  brown  and  crossed  by  a  dark  band  ;  outer  half 
dull  brown  shghtly  suffused  with  orange  and  crossed  by  a  greyish-olive  band 
edged  with  serrated  brownish  cloud-lines. 

Length  of  forewing  :    23  mm.     Expanse  :    53  mm. 

Habitat.  Lower  Aroa  River,  British  New  Guinea,  No%'ember  1904  to  March 
1905  (A.  S.  Meek.) 

The  next  genus  is  C'olanii.  with  which  I  unite  Epicyilas  B.  Baker.  Mr. 
Bethune  Baker  differentiates  this  from  Cotana  because  vein  10  of  forewing  is 
not  stalked,  but  I  consider  this  character  alone  not  of  sufficient  importance  to 
separate  the  two  genera.  It  must  have  struck  everjone  as  strange  that  of 
Cotana  there  were  only  ?$  while  of  the  genus  Nerviconipressa  only  <JcJ  existed  ; 
the  truth  is  that  they  are  sexes  having  exactly  the  same  nenration.  Here  we 
have  many  species  and  subspecies. 

Cotana  castaneorufa  Eothsch. 

Cotana  caslaneoruja  RotliscliikI,  Lepid.  Brit.  Orn.   Exp.  Snow  Mis.  p.   7'J.  No.   419  (191.'))  (Base 
Camp). 

I  described  the  $  from  i)r.  Wollaston's  collection,  but  the  o  is  undescribed. 
(J  antennae  blackish  brown  ;  head  and  thorax  deep  chocolate  liver-brown  ; 
abdomen  deep  orange. 

Forewing  chocolate  liver-brown,  a  tiny  white  dot  at  base,  an  antemedian 
buff  stigma  followed  by  a  buff  transverse  band  distinct  and  broad  at  costal  half, 
growing  narrower  and  indistinct  on  inner  half  ;  a  more  or  less  indistinct  post- 
discal transverse  greyish-olive  outwardly  curved  chain  of  half  moons  ;  fringe 
irregularly  chequered  with  orange-brown. Hindwing  orange  ;  outer  two- 
thirds  almost  completely  suffused  with  ^ve^-bro^vTl  ;  a  brown  transverse  line  in 
ba.sal  one-third  and  an  orange  one  somewhat  sinuate  in  outer  one-third. 

Length  of  forewing  :    21  mm.     Expanse  :    49  mm. 

Habitat.  Snow  Jlountains,  Dutch  N(^\  Guinea  ;  o  Upper  iSelekva  River, 
:^iiu-300  ft.,  April  1911  (A.  8.  Meek). 

Cotana  bisecta  sp.  nov. 

o.  Antennae  shaft  white,  pectinations  dark  brown  ;  head  and  thorax  dark 
brown  ;   abdomen  orange. 

Forewing  dark  brown  somewhat  suffused  with  ehestnut-rufous,  a  median 
lilack  band,  a  postmedian  indistinct  blackish  band  beyond  which  is  a  lunate 
huffi-^h  liand  uii  the  outside  of  ■\\liich  is  a  line  of  black  dots  jciiicil  \i\  a  chain 


NOVITATES    ZOOLOGICAK    XX1\'.     1!)17.  4(i9 

of  indistinct  blackish  lunules  ;  fringe  dark  brown, Hindwing  orange-yellow; 

an  antemedian  transverse  line  sooty  black,  a  median  indistinct  blackish  cloud 
band  beyond  which  are  two  lunulate  bands  ;  fringe  and  margin  cinnamon 
rufons-brown. 

Length  of  forewing  :   23  mm.     Expanse:    52  mm. 

Habitat.  Angabunga  River,  British  New  Guinea,  6,000  ft.,  November  1904 
to  February  1905  (A.  8.  Meek). 

Cotana  brunnescens  sp.  nov. 

(J.  Frons  orange-rufous,  vertex  rufous-brown  ;  antennae  shaft  orange- 
buff,  pectinations  dark  brown  ;  thorax  rufescent  chocolate-browri  ;  abdomen 
rufous-brown. 

Forewing  deep  chocolate  liver-browii  ;  two  indistinct  darker  postmedian 
bands  beyond  which  is  a  row  of  black  dots. — ■ — Hindwing  similar. 

Some  oS  have  the  ground-colour  of  the  wings  much  paler  more  greyish 
liver-brown,  and  then  beyond  the  two  transverse  postmedian  bands  there  is  a 
distinct  paler  greyish-yellow  or  yellowish-grey  lunulate  band  and  the  band  cf 
black  spots  has  the  spots  connected  by  lunules. 

?.  Head  and  tegulae  orange-rufous,  antennae  black  ;  rest  of  thorax  and 
first  abdominal  segment  greyish  liver-brown  ;   rest  of  abdomen  rufous. 

Forewing  pale  chocolate  liver-brown  ;  ba,sal  two-thirds  of  costo-subcostal 
area  suffused  with  cinnamon-rufous,  nervures  yellowish  brown,  a  large  cream- 
white  patch  below  middle  of  cell ;  a  postdiscal  transverse  band  of  eight 
intranervular  cream- white  patches,  the  upper  five  being  wedge-shaped,  the  lower 

three  lunate,  terminal  ends  of   nervures  marked  with    orange.- Hindwing 

similar,  but  only  six  cream-white  patches  in  band  all  lunate. 

Length  of  forewing  :    <J  21  mm.,  $  34mm.    Expanse  :    <J  49  mm.,  ?  77  mm. 

Habitat.  Biagi,  Mambare  River,  N.E.New  Guinea,  5,000  ft.,  February  ]90(i 
(A.  S.  Meek),   12  <?<?,  2  ??. 

Cotsna  pallidipascia  sp.  nov. 

(J.  Antennae  shaft  black,  pectinations  dark  brown  ;  head  and  thorax 
chocolate-brown  ;    abdomen  orange-brown. 

Forewing  pale  chocolate-brown  ;  a  whitish  dot  in  basal  one-fourth  below 
cell,  an  indistinct  shadowy  black  median  line,  a  postmedian  double  line  inside 
greyish  white,  outside  dark  brown,  fringe  white. — ■ — Hindwing  paler  chocolate- 
brown,  postmedian  line  very  indistinct. 

Length  of  forewing  :    19  mm.     Expanse  :    43  mm. 

Habitat.  Biagi.  Mambare  River.  N.E.  New  Guinea,  5,000  ft.,  February  190C 
(A.  «.  Meek),  4  So- 

Cotana  aroa  13.  Baker. 

Nervicojupressa  arixt  Bellnitie  Baker,  Novit.  Zool.  vol.  xi.  p.  302.  Xo.  57.   pi.  iv.  f.  6  (1904)  (Arua 
River). 

The  cJ  only  of  this  is  described. 

?.  Antennae  black  ;  head  and  tegulae  orange  ;  rest  of  thorax  olivaceous 
brown  somewhat  tinged  with  orange  ;  abdomen  orange-rufous.  Forewing 
eliocnlate-ljrown,  nervures  yellow  ;    a  large  yellow  patch  in  basal  ont-third  of 


470  NOVITATES   ZOOLOQICAE    XXIV.     1917. 

wing  below  cell ;  a  postmedian  band  of  intranervular  coalescent  golden-yellow 
patches,  the  upper  four  wedge-shaped,  the  lower  four  arrowhead-shaped,  the 
points  of  all  truncated.- — • — Hindwing  same  ground-colour  but  only  six  patches 
in  postmedian  band,  all  of  which  are  arrowhead-shaped,  the  lower  three  only 
having  their  points  truncated. 

Length  of  forewing  :    32  mm.     Expanse  :    71  mm. 

Habitat.  Aroa  River,  British  New  Guinea. 

Cotana  variegata  sp.  nov. 

(J.  Antennae  brown  ;  head  cinnamon-rufous  ;  thorax  chestnut  ;  abdomen 
orange. 

Forewing  basal  one-fourth  cream- white ;  in  this  is  an  oblique  chocolate 
streak,  below  which  is  a  looped  zigzag  line  which  just  below  streak  forms  a 
white  stigma  ;  an  antemedian  dark-chocolate  transverse  band,  central  one-third 
of  wing  pale  chocolate  becoming  paler  distad  ;  outer  one-third  creamy  grey,  a 
crenulate  postdiscal  brown  line,  a  dark-chocolate  spot  before  tornus,  and  a 
quadrate  dark-chocolate  patch  between  vein  7  and  half-way  between  veins  6  and 
5. — ■ — Hindwing  orange  ;  a  postmedian  transverse  crenulate  dark  band  be- 
yond which  is  a  similar  lunate  one. 

?.  Antennae  black  ;  head  and  tegulac  orange  ;  thorax  and  last  two 
abdominal  segments  grej'-brown  ;  rest  of  abdomen  deep  orange.  Forewing 
chocolate  rufous-brown,  nervures  yellow  ;  a  round  white  spot  belcw  cell  in  basal 
one-third  of  wing,  a  slightly  curved  median  darker  chocolate  band,  a  pcstdiscal 
row  of  eight  intranervular  wedge-shaped  white  patches,  the  one  below  costa 

very  small. Hindwing  ground-colour  and  median  band  similar  ;   postdiscal 

row  of  wedge-shaped  patches  golden  yellow. 

Length  of  forewing  :    o  21  mm.,  ?  33  mm.     Expanse  :    3  47  mm.,  $  74  mm. 

Habitat.  Upper  Setekwa  River  and  near  Oetakwa  River,  Snow  Mountains, 
Dutch  New  Guinea,  3,000-3,500  ft.,  August  to  December  1910  (A.  S.  Meek), 

4  <?o^  2  ??. 

Cotana  meeki  sp.  nov. 

(J.  Antennae  shaft  black,  pectinations  basa-1  two-fifths  orange,  outer  three- 
fifths  sooty  black  ;  head,  tegulae,  and  patagia  brilliant  orange  ;  rest  of  thorax 
chocolate-rufous  tinged  with  grey  ;    abdomen  fiery  orange. 

Forewing  basal  one-third  cream-white,  with  an  irregular  somewhat  hourglass- 
shaped  rufous-chocolate  patch  running  into  middle  from  costa  with  white  dot 
in  centre,  from  this  patch  a  somewhat  indistinct  irregular  dark  line  runs  to  inner 
margin  ;  median  one-third  chocolate  bordered  exteriorly  by  a  lunulate  whitish 
band  and  with  the  nervures  white  ;  a  postmedian  broad  crenulate  lavender- 
grey  band  edged  narrowly  outwardly  with  chocolate  ;  outer  one-fourth  below 
vein  5  creamy  wiiitc,  above  vein  5  chocolate  with  a  large  greyish-white  apical 

patch. -Hindwing    basal    two-thirds    orange,    outer    one-third    chocolate  ; 

some  indistinct  darker  shadow  lines  in  basal  portion  and  a  lunulate  cream  band 
in  outer  one-third  ;  marginal  line  cream,  fringe  chocolate. 

$.  Antennae  black  ;  head,  thorax,  and  abdomen  fiery  reddish  orange,  anal 
tuft  lavender-blue.  Forewing  base  reddish  orange,  costo-subcostal  area  for 
basal  two-thirds  orange  chestjiut-brown,  rest  of  wing  rufcnis  marccn-chccDlate 


NOVITATES   ZOOLOGTCAE   XXIV.     1917.  471 

very  thinly  scaled.  A  large  white  patch  in  basal  one-third  of  wing  below 
median,  a  broad  white  postdiscal  transverse  band  running  out  into  long  intra- 

nervular  projections  distad,  the  upper  four  of  these  being  more  pointed. 

Hind  wing  ground-colour  similar,  the  postdiscal  band  more  distinctly  lunulate. 

Length  of  forewing  :    3  22  mm.,  $  31  mm.     Expanse  :    S  48  mm.,  $  69  mm. 

Habitat.  Biagi,  Mambare  River,  N.E.  New  Guinea,  5,000  ft.,  March  1906 
(A.  S.  Meek),  9  3<S,  8  ?$. 

Cotana  lunulata  (B.  Baker). 

Nervicompressa  lunulata  Bethune  Baker,  Novit.  Zool.  vol.  si.  p.  390,  No.  53.  pi.  W.  i.  i  (1904) 
(Dinawa)  cj. 

The  $  of  lunulata  is  very  similar  to  that  of  meeki,  but  is  paler  all  over,  and 
more  rufescent  on  the  wings,  while  the  postdiscal  white  bands  are  much  narrower. 

I  have  no  specimens  from  so  low  an  elevation  as  Dinawa. 

Angabunga  River,  British  New  Guinea,  6,000  ft.,  November  1904  to  Feb- 
ruary 1905  (A.  S.  Meek),  8  <?<?,  3  ??  ;  Aroa  River,  British  New  Guinea,  4,000 
to  5,000  ft..  May  1905  (A.  S.  Meek),  1  ?. 

Cotana  lunulata  albaserrati  (B.  Baker). 

Hyperajdas  albaserrati  Bethune  Baker,  Ann,  Mag.  Nat.  Hist.  8  (vi.).  p.  451  (1910)  (Biagi). 

The  (J  resembles  I.  Imiulata,  but  is  larger  ;  it  differs  at  first  sight  in  the  outer 
one-third  of  forewing  being  much  paler  more  yellow,  and  the  hindwing  is  much 
brighter  yellow.     All  transverse  lines  are  also  more  distinct. 

The  ?  differs  from  $  I.  lunulata  in  being  much  darker,  the  white  patch  in 
basal  one-third  of  forewing  is  reduced  to  a  small  dot,  and  the  postdiscal  bands 
are  much  narrower  and  more  cream-coloured. 

Habitat.  Biagi,  Mambare  River,  N.E.  New  Guinea,  5,000  ft.,  March  1906 
(A.  S.  Meek),  10  <?<?,  3  $?. 

Cotana  lunulata  occidentalis  subsp.  nov. 

(J.  Differs  from  I.  albaserrati  by  the  transverse  line  of  forewing  being  ante- 
median  not  median,  and  the  postdiscal  band  being  much  greyer.  On  the 
hindwing  it  differs  in  having  the  postdiscal  line  almost  straight,  being  much 
less  crenulate. 

Habitat.  Upper  Setekwa  River,  Snow  Mountains,  Dutch  New  Guinea, 
3,500  ft.,  August  1910  (A.  S.  Meek),  2  $S- 

Cotana  lunulata  satisbona  supsb.  nov. 

(J.  Differs  from  I.  lunulaia  in  being  much  larger  and  all  the  transverse  bands 
and  lines  much  sharper  and  more  distinct.  ?.  Differs  from  I.  albasserrati  in  being 
much  paler  yellowish  rufous  all  over,  and  the  anal  tuft  is  ash-grey. 

Length  of  forewing  :  <?  I.  lunulata,  19  mm.,  I.  satisbona.  23  mm.  Expanse  : 
(J  I.  lunulata,  45  mm.,  I.  satisbona,  54  mm. 

Habitat.  Goodenough  Island,  D'Entrecasteaux  Islands,  2,500-4,000  ft., 
April  1913  (A.  S.  Meek),  8  <?<?,  1  ?. 

Cotana  rosseliana  sp.  nov. 
(J.  Antennae  black  ;    head  and  thorax  chocolate-brown  ;    abdomen  deep 
orange.      rore\nng    basal    three-fifths    orange-brown,    outer   two-fifths   paler 
32 


472  NOVITATES    ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV.     UllT. 

more  suffused  with  yellow  ;  a  broad  irregular  subbasal  dark-brown  band  fol- 
lowed by  a  dull  yellow  stigma  ringed  with  dark  brown  ;  a  curved  median  black- 
brown  band  ;  three  crenulate  black  lines  of  varying  sharp  nessin  outer  two- 
fifths  ;   a  dark-brown  patch  below  apex. 

?.  Antennae  black  ;  head,  thorax,  and  abdomen  saffron-yellow,  anal  tuft 
sulphur-gre}\     Forewing  saffron-yellow ;  a  round  white  spot  below  median  in 

basal  one-third  ;    a  crenulate  lunate    transverse  postdiscal    white   band, 

Hindwing  saffron-yellow  with  lunate  postdiscal  white  line  less  distinct. 

Length  of  forewing  :    S  23  mm.,  $  29  mm.,     Expanse  :    <S  54  mm.,  ?  65  mm. 

Habitat.  j\Iount  Rossel,  Rossel  Island,  Louisiade  Islands,  2,100  ft., 
December  1915  (W.  F,  Eichhorn),  9  36,  2  ??  ;  Sud-Est  Island,  April  1898 
(A.  S.  Meek),   1  9, 

Cotana  rosseliana  diluta  subsp.  nov. 

?.  Differs  from  r.  rosseliana  in  the  postdiscal  bands  being  almost  obliterated. 
Habitat.  St.  Aignan,  Louisiade  Islands,  October  1897  (A.  8,  Meek),  2  5$. 

Cotana  affinis  sp,  nov. 

(J,  This  species  is  allied  to  erectilinea  B,  Baker. 

Antennae  shafts  black,  pectinations  brown  :  head  brownish  orange  ;  thorax 
creamy  cinnamon  ;   abdomen  deep  orange. 

Forewing  basal  one-third  cream- white,  an  oblique  subbasal  chocolate  band, 
and  a  broad  dark-chocolate  antemedian  band,  in  between  these  two  bands  is  a 
chocolate  stigma  with  white  centre  ;  outer  two-thirds  of  wing  creamj'  grey 
washed  with   brown  ;    a  postmedian   cream-grey   band   edged   outwardly   by 

■A  crenulated  chocolate  hair  line  ;   a  large  chocolate  patch  above  vein   6, 

Hindwing  orange-yellow,  bright  orange  at  base  and  on  inner  area  ;  two  faint 
transverse  shadow  lines,  fringe  brown. 

Length  of  forewing  :    22  mm,     Expanse:    50  mm. 

Habitat.  Ninay  Valley,  Central  Arfak  Mountains,  Dutch  New  Guinea, 
November  1908  to  January  1909  (A,  E,  Pratt). 

Cotana  erectilinea  (B.  Baker). 
Nervicompressa  erectilinea  Bethune  Baker,  Ann.  Mng.  Nat.  Hist.  6(viii),  p,  449.  (1910)(Ninay  Valley). 
Of  this  species  only  3S  are  known. 

Cotana  erectilinea  setakwensis  supsp.  nov. 

(J.  Differs  from  e.  erectilinea  in  the  forewings  much  yellower  and  the  hind- 
wings  paler. 

Habitat.  Upper  Setakwa  River,  Snow  Mountains,  Dutch  New  Guinea, 
3,000  ft,,  September  1910  (A.  S.  Meek),  6  <J<J. 

Cotana  joiceyi  subsp.  nov. 

S.  Differs  from  unislrigata  in  the  forewing,  having  the  basal  half  huffish 
cream-colour,  and  the  outer  half  huffish  grey,  not  the  whole  wing  pale  liver-brown ; 
the  median  band  is  more  oblique  and  brown  not  black,  and  there  is  no  stigma, 

?,  Differs  from  the  ?  of  unistrigata  in  being  smaller,  the  white  patch  and 
postdiscal  bands  much  larger  and  pure  white,  and  the  nervures  and  margins 
deep  bright  yellow  ;    thorax  and  costal  area  rufous  orange. 


NOVITATES    ZOOLOCilCAE    XXIV.    1917.  473 

Length  of  forewing  :    cj  21  mm.,  ?  27  mm.     Expanse  :    <?  48  mm.,  $  60  mm. 
Habitat.  Angi  Lakes,  Arfak  Mountains,  8,000  ft.,  Dutch  New  Guinea  (A.  C. 
and  F.  Pratt),  Mus.  Joicey,  6  cJcJ.  4  $?. 

Cotana  bakeri  (Joicey  and  Talbot). 

Nervicompressabakeri  Jokey  and  Talbot, /!»».  3Iag.  Nat.  Hist.  20  (viii).  p.  65.  pi.  111.  i.  15  (1917) 
(Wandammen  Mts.). 

Only  the  S  type  known. 

Cotana  albomaculata  (B.  Baker). 

Nervicompressa  atbomaculata  Bethune  Baker  o,  Novil.  Zool.  vol.  xi.  p.  391.  No.  54.  pi.  iv.  f.  3.  (1904) 

(Dinawa). 
Epicydas  ovala  Bethune  Baker  ?,  Novit.  Zool.  vol.  xv.  p.  175.  No.  3.  (1908)  (Ekeikei). 

Only  the  3  type  of  albomaculata  and  the  $  type  of  ovata  are  known. 

Cotana  kebeae  (B.  Baker). 

Nervicompressa  kebeae  Bethune  Baker,  Novit.  Zool.  vol.  xi.  p.  391.  No.  56.  pi.  iv.  f.  10.  (1904)  (Mt. 
Kebeae). 

Only  (J (J  of  this  species  are  known.  In  the  Tring  Museum  from  Biagi, 
Mambare  River,  N.E.  New  Guinea,  5,000  ft.;  March  1906.  2  S3,  Angabunga 
River,  British  New  Guinea,  6,000  ft.,  November  1904  to  February  1905  (A.  S. 
Meek),  2  <J<J. 

Cotana  kebeae  grandis  subsp.  nov. 

(J.  Much  larger  than  k.  kebeae  ;  the  thorax  dark  brown  not  pale  cinnamon  ; 
the  abdomen  deeper  and  fierier  orange  ;  the  forewing  much  darker  brown 
with  much  heavier,  more  distinct,  and  broader  transverse  bands  ;  the  hindwing 
deeper  orange  with  more  distinct  bands. 

Length  of  forewing  :  k.  kebeae,  21  mm.  Expanse  :  48  mm.  Length  of 
forewing  :   k.  grandis,  24  mm.     Expanse  :   56  mm. 

Habitat.  Upper  Setekwa  River,  Snow  Mountains,  Dutch  New  Guinea, 
3,000  ft.,  August  1910  (A.  S.  Meek),  2  33- 

Cotana  rubrescens  Walk. 

Cotana  rubrescens  Walker  ?,  List  Lepid.  Ins.  Brit.  Mus.  Part  32  (Suppl.  II).  p.  549.  (1865)  (New 

Guinea). 
Nervicompressa  unistrigata  Bethune  Baker,  Novit.  Zool.  vol.  xi.  p.  390.  No.  52.  pi.  iv.  £.  5.  (1904) 

(Dinawa)  q. 
Hypercydas  turneri  Bethune  Baker,  Novit.  Zool.  vol.  xv.  p.  175.  No.  1.  (1908)  (Kebea  and  JIafulu)  ?. 

This  species  is  the  type  of  the  genus  Cotana.  It  is  in  the  Tring  Museum 
from  Biagi,  Mambare  River,  N.E.  New  Guinea,  5,000  ft.,  March  1906  (A.  S. 
Meek),  1  <J  ;  Milne  Bay,  S.E.  British  New  Guinea,  January  1899  (A.  S.  Meek), 
1  3  ;  Aroa  River,  British  New  Guinea,  March  1905  (A.  S.  Meek),  1  <J  ;  Port 
Moresby,  British  New  Guinea  (Mr.  Rattle)  1  ?  ;  Welsch  River,  British  New 
Guinea  (Weiske),  1  ? ;  Mount  Alexander  to  Mount  Nisbet,  Owen  Stanley 
Range,  British  New  Guinea,  January  1896  (A.  S.  Anthony),  1  ?;  Aru  Islands 
(H.  Kiihn),   1  ?. 

Cotana  rubrescens  kapaura  subsp.  nov. 
3.  Differs  from    3  ''•  rubrescens  in  the  very  blunt  rounded  apex  to  the 
forewings,  in  the  uniform  bright  cinnamon  not  umber-brown   colour  of  the 


474  XoriTATES   ZOOLOGICAE   XXIV.     1!)I7 

forewings,  in  the  broader  and  blacker  transverse  bands,  and  in  the  larger  and 
more  distinct  stigma. 

?.  Differs  from  the  ?  of  r.  rubresciis'm  its  paler  ground-colour,  in  the  safl'ron- 
yeUow  costal  area  and  more  yellow  basal  two-fifths  of  forewings,  and  in  the 
less  distinct  and  partly  obsolete  postdiscal  bands  of  yellow  wedge-shaped  and 
lunate  spots. 

Habitat.  Kapaur,  Dutch  New  Guinea,  December  1896  (W.  Doherty),  1  (J,  1  §. 

Cotana  rubrescens  oetakwensis  subsp.  ncv. 

(J.  Differs  from  cj  of  r.  rubrescens  in  the  bright  cinnamon-orange  colour  of 
the  forewings,  in  the  very  strongly  marked  and  large  stigma,  and  in  the  very 
broad  heavy  transverse  median  bands,  both  stigma  and  bands  being  of  intense 
velvety  black. 

Habitat.  Nr.  Oetakwa  River,  Snow  Mountains,  Dutch  New  Guinea,  2,500 
ft.,  October  to  December  1910  (A.  S.  Meek),  2  S6- 

Cotana  germana  sp.  nov. 

(J.  This  species  is  very  closely  allied  to  rubrescens  in  the  3  and  to  joiceyi 
in  the  ?. 

Differs  from  rubrescens  o  in  the  paler  less  chestnut-brown  of  the  forewings 
and  in  the  much  thinner  and  less  strongly  marked  transverse  bands  ;  in  the 
much  paler  and  almost  patternless  hindwings.  The  transverse  band  of  the 
forewing  is  also  more  concavely  curved. 

?.  Antennae  black ;  head  orange  ;  thorax  chestnut-brown  ;  abdomen 
rufous  orange,  anal  tuft  whitish  grey. 

Forewing  liver-chestnut  ;  a  white  spot  below  median  in  basal  one-third  of 
wing,  a  median  slightly  sinuate  darker  band,  nervures  and  marginal  line  yellow, 
a  postdiscal  coalesccnt  band  of  intranervular  white  wedge-shaped  patches 
truncated  distad.  Hindwing  similar  in  ground-colour,  but  band  of  white  patches 
lunate. 

Habitat.  Area  River,  British  New  Guinea,  March  1905  (A.  S.  Meek),  3  JJ,  1  $, 

Cotana  calliloma  (Turner). 
Uypercydas  calliloma  Turner,  Trans.  Roy.  Soc.  S.  Austr.  vol.  xxvii.  p.  23.  (1902-3)  (Queensland). 

Of  this  species  the  only  specimen  hitherto  recorded  in  Europe  is  the  $  in  the 
Tring  Museum  from  the  Barnard  collection  from  Barnard  Islands  bred  Decem- 
ber 29th,  1891  ;  as  all  those  attributed  to  this  species  from  New  Guinea  are 
not  the  same. 

Cotana  dubia  (B.  Baker). 

Nermcompressa  dubia  Bethune  Baker  (J,  Novit.  Zool.  vol.  xi.  p.  391.  No.  55.  pi.  iv.  t.  19.  (1904) 

(Dinawa). 
Hypercydas  doricrana  Bethune  Baker  ?,  Novit.  Zool.  vol;  xv.  p.  176.  No.  2.  (1908)  (Aroa  River). 

Habitat.  Aroa  River,  British  New  Guinea,  November  1904  to  February 
1905  (A.  S.  Meek),  7  (J (J,  9  $? ;  Upper  Setekwa  River,  Snow  Mountains,  Dutch 
New  Guinea,  3,000  ft.,  September  1910  (A.  S.  Meek),  11  <J<J,  3  ??;  Base  Camp, 
Utakwa  River,  Dutch  New  Guinea,  November  1912  (A.  F.  R.  Wollaston),  2  <?<?; 
Milne  Bay,  S.E.  British  New  Guinea,  November  1898  (A.  S.  Meek),  3  ??. 


EXPLANATION  OF  PLATE  XI. 


No. 


1.     Cotana  germana  Rothsch.  <?        .         .         . 

o 

rubresce7is  Walk.  ?           -         -         - 

3. 

,.     3          .         .         . 

4- 

kapaura  Rothsch.  ? 

5- 

calliloma  Rothsch  ?         .          .          . 

6 

,       ruhrescens  oetakivensis  Rothsch.   3    - 

7. 

,       erectilinea  setakwensis  Rothscli.   <J    . 

8. 

,       kebeae  (B.  Baker)  S        -         -         - 

9. 

lumdata  alhaserrati  (B.  Baker)   S     ■ 

10. 

lunulata  (B.  Baker)   o     - 

11. 

,       hrunnesceris  Rothsch.   3  . 

12. 

erectilinea  (B.  Baker)  S 

13. 

albomaculata  (B.  Baker)   S 

U. 

„         ?           -          - 

15-16.     , 

joiceyi  Rothsch.  ?            .          .          . 

17. 

.,                 ..            o 

18. 

germmxi  Rothsch.   o   (ab  ?)      . 

19. 

,       bakeri  (Joicey  &  'I'albot)    S    - 

20. 

,       erectilinea  (B.  Baker)  3  (ab)  . 

p.  474 
p.  474 
p.  474 
p.  473 
p.  474 
p.  474 
p.  472 
p.  473 
p.  471 
p.  471 
p.  469 
p.  472 
p.  473 
p.  473 
p.  472 
p.  472 
p.  474 
p.  473 
p.  472 


NOVITATES  ZOOLOGICAE,    VOL.    XXI\'.        1917. 


PI.    XI. 


H        l»ffiWi^' 


H.  Qyonvold,  del. 


MENPES  PRESS,   WATFORD 


EXPLANATION   OF   PLATE   XIL 


Co.     1. 

Cotana  dubia  (B.  Baker)   <? 

.       p.  474 

„      2. 

>,„?-- 

-      p.  474 

„      3. 

„       variegata     Rothsch.   o     . 

.       p.  470 

„       4- 

2     -         - 

-      p.  470 

„       5. 

„        meeki                  ,,          $     . 

.       p.  470 

„       6. 

„                      ;                                     „                 ?        -                - 

-      p.  470 

„       7- 

,,       aroa  (B.  Baker)  o. 

.       p.  469 

„       8. 

„       rosseliana  diluta  Rothsch.  $    - 

-      p.  472 

„       9. 

Paracydas  biagi  B.  Baker  o 

.       p.  467 

„     10. 

.,     ?        - 

-      p.  467 

,,     11. 

„          postpallida  Rothsch.   J 

.       p.  468 

„     1-'. 

Cotana  kebene.  grandis          ,.         ^ 

-       p.  473 

..     13. 

kebeae  (B.  Baker)  <J  (type) 

.       p.  473 

„     14. 

„       briinnescens  Rothsch.  S   - 

-      p.  469 

„     15. 

„       lunulata  albaserrati  (B.  Baker)  ? 

.       p.  471 

„     16. 

lumdata  (B.  Baker)   ?     - 

-      p.  471 

.,     17. 

,,       lunulata  satisbona  Rothsch.  o 

.       p.  471 

„     18. 

.,       ? 

-      p.  471 

„    19. 

,,             „         occidenialis  Rothsch.   <J 

.       p.  471 

NOVITATKS    ZOOLOGICAE,    A'OL.    XXH'.       IDl" 


PI.  X 


H.  Grbnvold,  del. 


NPES  PHESS,  WATFORD 


NOVtTATES   ZOOLOOlCAE    XXIV.    19l7.  '  475 


SOME  NEW  MOTHS  OF  THE  FAMILIES  ARCTIIDAE  AND 
EUPTEROTIDAE. 

By  lord  ROTHSCHILD,  F.R.S.,  Pu.D. 

AKCTIISAE. 

1.  Robinsonia  irregularis,  sp.  no  v. 

(J.  Pectus  du'ty  yellow  ;  antennae  shafts  black,  serrations  grey  ;  head  olive- 
grey-brown,  five  white  dots  on  frons,  one  white  spot  on  vertex  ;  tegulae  olive- 
grey-brown  with  two  white  patches,  patagia  white  edged  with  olive-grey-brown, 
rest  of  thorax  olive-grey-brown  with  a  median  orange  line  and  two  lateral  white 
tufts ;  abdomen  orange,  subdorsal  bands  reaching  to  penultimate  segment 
sooty  grey. 

Forewmgs  olive-brown-grey,  a  white  dot  in  cell,  a  large  irregular  white  patch 
below  median,  an  elongate  streak-like  white  patch  below  vem  1,  six  irregular 
intranervular  elongate  white  patches  beyond  middle  of  wing,  an  indistinct  white 
submarginal  spot  between  veins  1  and  2. 

Hindwings  semivitreous  white,  a  pale-grey  patch  on  and  around  tornus. 
Length  of  forewing  :    19  mm.     Expanse  :    42  mm. 

Habitat.    Cuyaba,  Matto  Grosso  (Paul  Zobrys),  1   $. 

2.  Neidalia  irrorata,  sp.  nov. 

(J.  Antennae,  head,  and  thorax  tawny  orange  tinged  and  somewhat  suft'used 
with  scarlet ;   abdomen  orange  clothed  with  long  hair  mixed  orange  and  crimson. 

Forewing  golden  yellow  densely  freckled  and  irrorated  with  scarlet,  an 
ante-  and  a  postmedian  line  and  fringe  brown-grey  ;   a  scarlet  stigma  with  a 

grey  point. Hindwing  orange-scarlet  tinged  with  jDale  crimson.     ?  larger, 

antennae  huffish  brown  ;  head  an  thorax  golden  orange  .suffused  w  ith  red  ; 
abdomen  rosy  salmon  colour,  anal  segment  and  tuft  golden  buff.  Forewing 
golden  yellow  much  less  freckled  and  krorated  with  scarlet  than  in  the  o ,  nervures 
scarlet,  ante-  and  postmedian  bands  scarlet  with  a  few  grey  marks,  frmge  and 
distal  half  of  inner  margm  brown-grey. Hindwing  salmon  colour. 

Length  of  forewmg  :   S  15  mm.,  ?  22  mm.     Expanse  :   (J  34  mm.,  ?  50  mm. 

Habitat.  Yahuarmajo,  South-East  Peru,  1,200  ft.,  February— March  1912 
(H.  and  C.  Watkins),  1  cJ,  1  $. 

o.  Idalus  albidior,  sp.  nov. 

$.  Pectus  white  suffused  and  freckled  with  crimson  ;  antennae  grey-brown, 
outer  one-third  white  ;  head  white  ;  tegulae  white  edged  with  pale  crimson, 
l)atagia  wliite  with  a  golden  and  two  pale-crimson  patches  ;  rest  of  thorax  white 
with  two  pale-crimson  lines  and  two  grey  dots  posteriorly  ;  abdomen  first  three 
segments  rose-crimson  with  two  dorsal  white  dots,  rest  of  segments  creamy 
white  slightly  tinged  with  rose  at  the  edges. 

Forewing  white,  base  with  two  slate-grey  dots,  four  subbasal  elongate  slate- 
grey  spots  of  various  lengths,  basal  half  of  cell  slate-grey,  distal  half  yellow  ; 


476  XOVITATES    ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV.     UUt. 

below  median  is  a  yellow  patch,  an  oblique  slate-grey  median  band  narrowing 
from  costa  and  reaching  origin  of  vein  3,  below  vein  3  to  inner  margin  somewhat 
more  distad  runs  a  grey-brown  band,  a  yellow  tinge  on  cloud  just  beyond  band 
between  veins  3  and  6,  a  dark-grey  dot  above  vein  5. Hindwing  white. 

Length  of  forewing  :    18  mm.     Expanse  :    41  mm. 

Habitat.  Las  Quignas,  VenezAiela  (S.  M.  Klagcs). 

4.  Idalus  afiinis,  sp.  nov. 

(J.  Allied  to  admirabilis  Cram. ;  differs  from  that  species  in  the  patagia  ami 
thorax  being  mixed  with  grey,  in  the  slate-grey  median  band  of  forewing  being 
much  expanded  below  vein  3,  and  entirely  coalescing  with  the  baso-subbasal 
slate  patch  below  vein  1,  and  in  having  a  j)ink  spot  at  tornus. 

Length  of  forewing  :    10  mm.     ExjDanse  :    37  mm. 

Habitat.  Sta.  Catharina,  1  o. 

.').  Zatrephes  lentiginosus,  sp.  nov. 

S-  Pectus  white  ;  palpi  cream  colour  with  a  few  scattered  scarlet  freckles ; 
antennae  amber-brown,  basal  joint  scarlet ;  head  scarlet  freclded  with  buff  ; 
thorax  buff'  freckled  with  scarlet  ;  abdomen  buff  freckled  with  scarlet  and 
clothed  with  long  huffish  cream  hairs. 

Forewmg  brownish  buS  freckled  all  over  with  scarlet,  a  cream  spot  ringed 

with  scarlet  above  vein  4. Hindwing  golden  buff,  costal  area  white,  frmge 

and  margm  scarlet  mixed  with  buff,  outer  half  of  whig  between  vems  2  and  4 
freckled  with  scarlet. 

Length  of  forewing  :    15  mm.     Expanse  :    34  mm. 

Habitat.  St.  Jean  de  Maroni,  French  Guiana,  3  Jo- 

6.  Zatrephes  albotestacea,  sp.  nov. 

cj.  Pectus  white  ;  antennae  j)ale  brown  ;  head  greyish  cream  colour  freckled 
with  scarlet  ;    thorax  greyish  cream  colour  ;    abdomen  slightly  darker. 

Forewing  greyish  cream  colour  with  a  few  scattered  scarlet  scales  ;  ante- 
and  a  postmedian  j)ale  greenish-grey  shadow  lines  an  u-regular  reniform  hyaline 
patch  edged  with  dark  crimson  between  veins  3  and  5  ;    fringe  u-rorated  with 

crimson,  white  between  veins  2  and  4. Hmdwing  greyish  golden  buff,  costal 

area  cream  ;  fringe  greyish  brown  9  much  larger,  a  dead  greyish  cream  colour, 
hindwings  bright  cream-buff. 

Length  of  forewing  :    oM5  mm.,  V  20  mm.     Expanse  :    3  34  mm,  ?  46  mm. 

Habitat.  St.  Jean  de  Maroni,  French  Guiana,  3  SS,  2  ??. 

7.  Zatrephes  rosella,  sp.  nov. 

(J.  Pectus  white  ;  antennae  grey-brown,  basal  one-fourth  of  shaft  freckled 
with  crimson  ;  head  and  thorax  cream-white  freckled  with  crimson  ;  abdomen 
pale  crimson,  anal  tuft  cream  freckled  with  crimson. 

Forewing  cream-buff  freckled  with  crimson  ;  an  antemedian  indistinct  line, 
a  similar  postmedian  line  below  vein  3  and  various  cloudings  beyond  middle 
of  wing  olive-grey ;  a  large  irregular  vitreous  patch  edged  with  olive-grey 
between   vems  3  and   7. Hindwuig  pale  crimson.     $    with  less   olive-grey 


ijOVtTATES   ZoOLOOiCAE   XXlV.    I  Oil  477 

oloudiiig  on  forewing,  with  ante-  and  postmedian  lines  more  distinct  and  hind- 
wings  paler  more  rose-pinli. 

Length  of  forewing  ;    S9  15  mm.     Expanse  :    34  mm. 

Habitat.  La  Union  Rio  Huacamayo  Carabaya,  South-East  Peru,  2,000  ft., 
November  1904  (G.  Ockenden),  1  ?  ;  French  Guiana,  Nouveau  Chantier,  May, 
1  (J  Type  ;  St.  Jean  de  Maroni,  French  Guiana,  5  (JcJ. 

8.  Amaxia  maroniensis,  sp.  nov. 

o .  Pectus  white  ;  antennae  black,  basal  one-fifth  amber-yellow,  apical  one- 
fifth  white  ;  head  golden  yellow  ;  tegulae  golden  yellow,  patagia  sooty  purplish 
grey  with  shoulder  patch  golden  yellow  edged  with  crimson  and  some  pink  hail- 
on  edge,  rest  of  thorax  sooty  purplish  grey  ;  abdomen  sooty  purplish  grey,  two 
last  segments  golden  yellow,  lateral  scarlet  stripes  which  join  on  dorsal  line 
on  penultimate  segment. 

Forewing  costal  area  from  base  and  outer  three-fifths  of  wing  golden  yellow, 
basal  two-fifths  of  wing  except  costal  area  sooty  purplish  grey  with  scarlet  edging 
and  nervures,  basal  one-third  of  vein  1  broadly  a  mixture  of  scarlet  and  yellow, 
a  yellow  median  spot  with  scarlet  ring  lielow  vein  1  ;  a  subterminal  row  of  seven 
grey  dots,  disc  of  wing  with  a  number  of  grey  spots,  foui'  of  which  towards 

apex  are  larger,  contiguous,  and  more  or  less  edged  with  scarlet. Hindwing 

yellowish  salmon-rose ;  costal  area  whitish,  a  large  subterminal  sooty-grey 
elongate  patch. 

Length  of  forewing  :    16  mm.     Expanse  :    37  mm. 

Habitat.  St.  Jean  de  Maroni.  French  Guiana,  1  S. 

9.  Eriostepta  pseudamaxia,  sp.  nov. 

J.  Pectus  white,  forecoxae  j^ink,  foretibiae  crimson;  antennae  brown,  tip 
white,  basal  segment  crimson  ;  frons  dark  grey  with  white  spot,  vertex  golden 
yellow  with  some  crimson  dots  ;  tegulae  dark  grey  with  a  golden  scarlet-edged 
spot,  patagia  dark  grey  with  outer  half  white  and  a  basal  yellow  scarlet-edged 
spot,  rest  of  thorax  dark  grey  with  scarlet  dots  ;  abdomen  pale  scarlet-crimson, 
anal  tuft  dirty  yellow. 

Forewing  basal  half  obliquely  dark  grey  very  irregular  and  jagged  on  distal 
edge  and  with  several  yellow  scarlet-edged  sjjots  the  veins  being  mostly  scarlet ; 
outer  half  yellow,  six  marginal  fuscous  dots  ;  at  apex  of  cell  and  between  veins 

5  and  8  four  quadrate  crimson-edged  dark-grey  j^atches  irregularly  placed. 

Hindwing  creamy  white  washed  with  yellow,  a  dark-grey  terminal  patch  below 
apex. 

Length  of  forewing  :    15  mm.     Exjianse  :  33  mm. 

Habitat.  St.  Jean  de  Maroni,  French  Guiana,  1  3- 

10.  Paranerita  postrosea,  sp.  nov. 

o.  Antennae  dark  brown,  outer  one-fourth  white  ;  head  golden  yellow  with 
red  line  behind  vertex  ;  thorax  dark  mauve-grey  ;  abdomen  crimson,  anal  tuft 
yellow. 

Forewing  basal  half  obliquely  dark  mauve-grey,  the  distal  side  somewhat 
irregular  with  a  tooth  under  cell  ;  outer  half  lemon-yellow  with  large  ovoid 
subapical  mauve-grey  patch. Hindwings  rose-pink.     ?  differs  m  the  mauve- 


4^8  NOVITATES   ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV.    Ull7. 

grey  areas  of  forewing  being  much  darker  and  strongly  suffused  with  crimson, 
in  the  hindwings  being  suffused  with  yellow,  and  in  the  abdomen  being  darker 
more  crimson-scarlet. 

Length  of  forewing  :   <J  13  mm,  $  11  mm.     Expanse  :   S  29  mm.,  ?  25  mm. 

Habitat.  Caracas,  Venezuela,  3  55,  7  ??  ;  San  Esteban,  Venezuela,  July  1909 
(S.  M.  Klages),  5  55;  Las  Quignas,  Venezuela  (S.  M.  Klages),  255;  St.  Jean 
de  Maroni,  French  Guiana,  1  ?. 

11.  Paranerita  diversa,    sp.  nov, 

5.  Antennae  dark  brown,  outer  one-thu-d  white ;  head  golden  yellow  ; 
thorax  cinnamon-mauve-purple  ;   abdomen  scarlet,  anal  tuft  yellow. 

Forewing  basal  half  very  obliquely  cinnamon-mauvc-purijle  edged  with 
scarlet ;    outer  half  golden  yellow,  a  large  subapical  ovoid  patch  mauve-purple. 

Hindwing  cream-white  irregularly  suffused  with  yellow.     ?  larger,  differs 

in  having  the  subapical  patch  jomed  to  basal  half  of  wing  by  a  broad  band  of 
same  colour  and  rmged  with  scarlet,  and  in  the  hmdwing  being  semivitreous 
and  suffused  with  pale  pink. 

Length  of  forewing  :    5,  14  mm,  ?  17  mm.     Expanse  :    5  31  mm.,  ?  38  mm. 

Habitat.  San  Esteban,  Venezuela,  June  1909  (S.  M.  Klages),  6  ,S<S,  2  ??  ; 
Las  Quignas,  Venezuela  (S.  il.  Klages),  1  ?  ;  Merida,  Venezuela,  November  1898 
(Briceno),  1   5- 

12.  Parajierita  plagosa,  sp.  nov. 

?.  Antennae  dark  brown,  outer  two-fifths  white  ;  head  yellow  broadly  edged 
with  scarlet ;  tegulae  scarlet  with  golden-yellow  central  spot,  patagia  basal 
half  scarlet  with  dull  yellow  marks,  outer  half  niauvc-brown,  rest  of  thorax 
mauve-brov\n  ;    abdomen  dark  brick-red. 

Forewing  dark  purplish  brown-grey  ;  a  trilobed  subbasal  golden-yellow 
patch  edged  with  scarlet,  a  wedge-shaped  golden  patch  edged  with  scarlet 
from  middle  of  costa  to  median  nervure,  two  irregular  golden  terminal  patches 

edged  with  scarlet,  three  dull-scarlet  marks  round  about  vein  1 . Hindwings 

dark  salmon  with  broad  sooty  marginal  band. 

Length  of  forewing  :    14  mm.     Expanse  :    31  mm. 

Habitat.  St.  Jean  de  Maroni,  French  Guiana,  1  ?. 

13.  Paranerita  translucida,  sp.  nov. 

5.  Antennae  amber-brown  ;  head  dull  lemon-yellow  ;  thorax  mouse-grey  ; 
abdomen  dull  brick-red,  anal  tuft  buff. 

Forewing  vitreous  ;  basal  two-fifths  and  large  ovoid  apical  patch  mouse- 
grey,  median  three-fifths  of  costa  duty  buff. Hindwing  buff  suffused  hregu- 

larly  with  mouse-grey. 

Length  of  forcwmg  :    12  mm.     Expanse  :    26  mm. 

Habitat.  La  Union,  Rio  Huacamayo,  Carabaya,  2,000  ft.,  December  1904 
(G.  Ockenden),  1  5- 

14.  Paranerita  kennedyi,  sp.  nov. 

5.  Antennae  black-brown,  tip  paler  ;  head  golden  j'cllow  ;  thorax  mauve- 
grey  ;    abdomen  scarlet-crimson,  anal  tuft  buff'. 

Forewing  outer  half  obliquely  golden  yellow  ;    basal  half  and  large  very 


JforiTATES   ZOOLOOlCAE   XXIV.    ISl?.  4?9 

irregular  subapical  patch  mauve-grey  with  here  and  there  on  the  edges  scarlet 
streaks,  the  subapical  patch  joined  to  the  basal  part  of  wing  by  an  irregular  bar 
of  same  colour  as  themselves. Hindwing  pale  pink. 

Length  of  forewing  :    14  mm.     Expanse  :    31  mm. 

Habitat.  Minas  Geraes  (Kennedy),  1   i. 

15.  Paranerita  rubrosignata,  sp.  nov. 

(J.  Antennae  brown  ;  head  mixed  golden  yeUow  and  scarlet  ;  thorax  dark 
grey  ;    abdomen  dark  brick-crimson. 

Forewmg  basal  three-fifths  except  costa  obliquely  sooty  grey,  outer  two-fifths 
yellow  with  various  scarlet  spots  and  rings.- Hindwings  yellowish  pink. 

Length  of  forewing  :    1 1  mm.     Expanse  :    24  mm. 

Habitat.  St,  Jean  de  Maroni,  French  Guiana,  1  o. 

16.  Hyponerita  curta,  sp.  nov. 

$.  Nearest  to  ockeiideni  Rothsch.,  but  at  once  distinguished  by  its  stumpy 
truncated  shape  as  if  trimmed  with  a  pair  of  scissors. 

Antennae  basal  one-third  scarlet,  outer  one-thu'd  white,  centre  one-third 
dark  bro\^  n  ;  head  golden  yellow  edged  behind  with  scarlet ;  thorax  cinnamon- 
purple  ;    abdomen  brick-red,  a  snow-white  patch  on  basal  segment. 

Forewing  cinnamon-purple ;  a  large  wedge-shaped  blunted  yellow  patch 
edged  with  scarlet  runs  in  from  costa  beyond  cell,  and  a  smaller  similar  but 
more  pointed  jjatch  runs  ui  from  centre  of  termen,  a  small  apical  similar  spot, 
and  two  similar  dots  between  this  and  terminal  wedge. Hindwings  orange- 
buff  tinged  with  red. 

Length  of  forewmg  :    12  mm.     Ex2)anse  :    27  mm. 

Habitat.  St.  Jean  de  Maroni,  French  Guiana,  2  <Jo. 

17.  Neritos  subgaudialis,  sp.  nov. 

o.  Nearest  to  gandialis  Schaus,  but  much  duller  and  without  the  subbasal 
yellow  band. 

Antennae  brown  ;  head  and  throx  dirty  grey-brown  suffused  with  scarlet ; 
abdomen  scarlet  with  dot  on  basal  segment  and  anal  tuft  dull  yellow. 

Forewing  salmon-pink  ii-rorated  and  clouded  with  sooty  grey-brown,  some 
indistinct  subbasal  scarlet  markings  with  a  minute  yellow  dot,  a  yellow  scarlet- 
lined  wedge  runs  m  from  costa,  an  irregular  yellow  patch  with  some  dark  dots 
in  it  on  termen,  and  a  small  yeUow  apical  spot. Hindwmgs  salmon  colour. 

Length  of  forewmg  :    17  mm.     Expanse  :    37  mm. 

Habitat.  St.  Jean  de  Maroni,  French  Guiana,  4  (JcJ. 

18.  Antaxia  similis,  sp.  nov. 

(J.  Similar  to  meridionalis  Schaus,  but  duller  and  more  apple-green,  not 
sulphur-yellow. 

Antennae  with  longer  pectinations  and  black  not  brown  with  pale  tips  ; 
head  and  thorax  distinctly  apple-green,  borders  of  patagia  only  somewhat 
intermixed  with  maroon  and  crimson  hairs  not  entii'ely  maroon  and  crimson  ; 
abdomen  dullei-  brick-red  intermixed  with  yellowish  green. 

Forewing  with  the  dark  markmgs  mauve-purple  not  brown-jDurple,  and  the 
subapical  patch  is  joined  to  the  discal  patch  above  vein  2  by  a  broad  oblique 


480  X'OVITATES    ZOOLOGICAK    XXIV.     191/. 

band  ;  the  scarlet  markings  and  nervures  are  replaced  by  dull  pink. Hind- 
wings  much  paler  pirdi. 

Habitat.  Oconequc,  Carabaya,  7,000  ft..  July  1904  (G.  Ockenden),  1  <J. 

18a.  Automolis  reducta  sordida,  subsji.  nov. 

c52.  Differ  from  r.  redacla  in  the  dark  bands  of  the  fore\\ings  being  didl 
smoky  brown  not  metallic  lavender  colour. 

Habitat.  Rio  Janeh-o.  2  cJ(J,  1  $  (?  Tyjie). 

19.  Automolis  decisa.  sp.  nov. 

$.  Near  coacta  Dogn. 

Differs  in  having  shorter,  narrower,  and  more  pointed  forewiugs  and  hind- 
wings. 

Thorax  pure  white  with  pale  rose  and  ochre  spots  ;  abdomen  not  so  deep 
crimson. 

Forewing  pure  white  ;  median  band  wider,  less  constricted  and  slightly 
angled  at  vein  0.  nervures  in  band  yellowish  grey  not  white  as  in  coacta,  basal 
black  marks  shorter,  an  ochre  mark  between  the  band  and  basal  streaks. Hind- 
wing  white  tinged  with  pink. 

Length  of  forewing:   coacta  ?  24  mm.,  decisa    19  mm. 

Breadth     ,,         ,,  ,,       $   12  mm.,         .,         9  mm. 

Expanse     ,,         ,,  ,,       ?  54  mm.,         .,       43  mm. 

Habitat.  St.  Jean  de  JIaroni,  French  Guiana,  1   J. 

2t».  Automolis   sublineata,  sp.  uov. 

J.  Closely  allied  to  lineosa  Walk.,  but  much  less  vitreous. 

Differs  on  p)atagia  by  want  of  the  small  black  spot. 

Forewing  pale  cadmium  yellow  not  semivitreous,  white  in  apical  two-fifths, 
mouse-grey  in  basal  three-fifths  ;  costa  and  intranervular  streaks  broadly  or 
narrowly  lavender  grey,   nervures  and  inner  marginal   streak   black  ;     j'ellow 

in  basal  part  of  wing  darker  cadmium. Hindwing  less  semivitreous,  pale 

cream-yellow  tinged  with  pale  salmon.  The  most  striking  difference  apart  from 
colour  is  the  entu-e  absence  of  the  marginal  black  wedge  spots  at  the  end  of  the 
nervures,  which  are  very  conspicuous  in  lineosa. 

Length  of  forewmg,  lineosa  18  mm.,  sublineosa,  20  mm. 

Expanse     ,,         ,,  ,,         40  mm.,         ,,  45  mm. 

Habitat.  Jinguri,  Carabaya,  3,100  ft..  August  1904,  1  J  (Type)  ;  Santo 
Domingo,  Carabaya,  6,500  ft.,  December  1902,  3  cJo  ;  La  Oroya,  Rio  Inambara, 
Peru,  3,100  ft.,  September  1904  (G.  Ockenden),  1  o'. 

21.  Automolis   perlineosa,  sp.  nov. 

'i.  This  has  been  identitied  as  lineosa  by  Mr.  Scliaus. 

Differs  from  sublineosa  in  having  the  basal  three-fifths  of  forewing  mouse- 
grey  as  in  lineosa,  but  the  distal  two-fifths  are  yellow  not  white,  and  there  are 
no  terminal  wedge  spots  ;  the  area  each  side  of  vein  1  deep  cadmium  yellow. 
Hindwings  salmon-pink. 

Length  of  forewing  :    21  mm.     Expanse  :    47  mm. 

Habitat.  Juan  \'inas,  Costa  Rica  (VV.  Schaus),  1  2  ;  Costa  Rica  (Underwood), 
1  ?. 


JvOVlTATES    ZoOLOGtCAE   XXIV.     10\1.  4:81 

22.  Automolis  garleppi  maronensis,  sub.sp.  no  v. 

cJ.  Differs  from  g.  garleppi  in  its  smaller  size,  and  the  much-reduced  size 
of  the  leaden  patches  of  the  forewing. 

Length  of  forewing  :  A.  g.  garleppi,  24  mm.,  A,  g.  maronensis,  21  mm. 
Expanse  of  forewing  :  A.g.  garleppi,  56  mm.,  A.  g.  maronensis,  48  mm. 
Habitat.  St.  Jean  de  Maroni,  French  Guiana,  '2  So- 

23.  Automolis  sorer,  sp.  no  v. 

?.  Allied  to  inexpectata  Rothsch. 

Differs  in  the  abdomen  being  entkely  orange-yellow  and  the  fore-  and 
hindwings  entirely  mouse-grey,  with  in  the  forewings  a  median  whitish  band 
narrowing  to  inner  margin  and  in  the  hindwings  to  patches  of  simUar  colour. 

Habitat.  Amazonas  (Meyer  coll.),  1  $. 

24.  Automolis   moma  tenuifascia,  subsp.  nov. 

?.  Differs  from  m.  moma  in  the  yellow  bands  of  the  forewings  being  much 
narrower  and  paler  and  in  the  light  basal  area  of  hindwing  being  smaller. 
Habitat.  Sta.  Catharina,  Brazil,  1  '+. 

25.  Elysius   subterra,  sp.  nov. 

S-  Intermediate  between  terra  Druce,  and  felderi  Rothsch.,  having  the  iirst 
abdominal  segment  orange  as  in  felderi,  but  the  orange  rings  and  lateral  patches 
on  the  last  four  segments  are  absent  as  in  terra. 

Habitat.  Huancabamba,  Cerro  de  Pasco,  Peru  (E.  Boettger),  1  3. 

26.  Elysius  meridionalis,  .sp.  nov. 

$.  Resembles  $  euperba,  Druce  but  much  paler  ;  the  black  bands  on  abdomen 
are  narrower  and  more  broken  into  spots  and  the  pale  bars  on  forewing  are 
much  narrower,  and  the  first  one  after  the  base  is  only  present  from  inner  margin 
to  above  fold  between  vein  I  and  median  ;  the  black  patch  at  base  of  forewing 
is  replaced  by  three  minute  black  dots  as  is  the  case  in  the  majority  of  specimens 
of  E.  hampsoni  Dogn. 

Habitat.  Bahuru,  Sao  Paulo,  September  14th,  1886,  1  ?. 

27.  Elysius  underwoodi,  sp.  nov. 
?.  AUied  to  jranchi  Schaus. 

Antennae  brown  ;  head  and  thora.x  brownish  brick-red  ;  abdomen  brick- 
red  with  large  central  black  patch. 

Forewing  dull  brick-red  irroratcd  closely  with  dull  grey-brown. flindwing 

dull  pale  pink,  darkest  distad. 

Length  of  forewing  :    24  mm.     Expanse  ;    55  mm. 

Habitat.  Carri  Blanco,  Costa  Rica  (Underwood),  1  ?. 

28.  Elysius  francki  castrensis,  subsp.  nov. 

o?-  Differ  at  a  glance  from  /.  jrancki  in  the  entire  absence  of  the  pale  strigi- 
lation  on  the  forewmg.     The  ?  has  much  brighter  more  rose-carmine  hindwings. 
Habitat.  Castro  Parana,  February  1898  (D.  Jones),  1  o^,  2  ??. 


462  NoVtTATES   ZOOLOGItAE  XXIV'.    I'Jll. 

29.  Opharus  catharinae,  up.  nov. 

2.  Allied  to  flavipuiictata  Herr.-Sch.,  but  much  darker.  The  black-browu 
markings  of  thorax  are  replaced  by  deep  black  ;  the  pale  orange  of  thorax  and 
abdomen  arc  replaced  by  deep  reddish  orange.  On  the  forcwing  the  dark 
marks  are  deep  black  not  sooty  brown,  and  on  the  disc  beyond  postmedian  banil 
are  two  large  black  cloud  patches,  and  the  postdiscal  dark  marks  all  have 
orange  centres  ;  the  lemon-yellow  spots  of  flavipunclata  are  all  replaced  by  dark 
greenish-orange  spots,  while  the  ground-colour  of  the  forewings  is  rich  cinnamon- 
brown  not  cinnamon-grey  and  the  hmdwing  is  cinnamon-brown  strongly  clouded 
with  black  not  greyish  white. 

Length  of  forewing  :    9  catharinae  34  mm.     Expanse  77  mm. 
,,  ,,  ?  flavipunctaia  31  mm.         ,,        71  mm. 

Habitat.  Sta.  Catharina,  2  $?. 

30.  Halisidota  luridioides,  sp.  nov. 

cJ?.  Nearest  to  lurida  H.  Edw.,  but  much  shorter  and  blunter  in  both  wings 
and  much  broader. 

Differs  bj'  the  ajjex  of  both  wings  being  less  produced  and  in  the  wings 
being  much  wider  ;  the  abdomen  is  blacker  ;  the  brownish  streaks  and  strigi- 
lations  are  more  distinct  and  longer  so  that  the  general  colour  appears  much 
darker. 

Length  of  fore\\  iiig  ;    lurida  S  25-30  mm.,  ?  29-33  mm. 
,,         ,,         ,,       luridioides  3  25-29  mm.,  ¥  25-27  mm. 

Breadth  of  forewing  :    lurida  S  8-12  mm.,  ?  10-12  mm. 

,.         ..  luridioides  J  12-15  mm.,  ?  11-12  mm. 

Expanse  of  forewing  :  lurida  o  56-66  mm.,  ?  65-73  mm. 

,,         ,,         ,,  luridioides  (J  56-64  mm.,  ?  56-60  mm. 

Habitat.  Monte  Toliraa,  Columbia,  3,200  metres  =  10,400  ft.,  January  1910 
(A.  H.  Fassl.),  4  (J (J;  St.  Javier,  Rio  Cachabi  (Flemming  and  Miquetta),  1  9; 
Sto.  Domingo,  C'arabaya,  6,000  ft.,  November  1902  (G.  Ockenden),  1  ?. 

31.  Halisidota  pseudofalacra,  sp.  nov. 

o.  Similar  to  jalacra  Dogn.,  but  smaller  and  with  much  narrower  wings. 

$.  Antennae,  head,  and  thorax  dirty  cream  colour  ;  abdomen  similar,  but 
greyer. 

Forewings  cream  colour  freckled  irregularly  with  pale  brov^n  ;  a  black 
stigma  at  lower  angle  of  cell. Hindwings  cream  colour. 

Length  of  forewing  :   $  20  mm.     Expanse  :  44  mm. 

Habitat.  San  Ramon,  Nicaragua,  375  ft.,  June  1905  (Palmer),  1  cj. 

32.  Diacrisea  oriens,  sp.  nov. 

S.  Antennae  black  ;  head  lemon-yellow,  back  of  vertex  orange ;  thorax 
lemon-yellow,  hind  edge  of  tegulae  orange  ;  abdomen  deep  orange  with  black 
bands  except  on  last  and  first  segments. 

Forewing  lemon-yellow. Hindwing  paler  lemon.     J  similar,  but  larger. 

Lengtli  of  forewing  :    <J  22  mm.,  ?  28  mm.     Expanse  :   <S  50  mm.,  ?  64  mm. 

Habitat.  Tsumel,  South-West  African  Protectorate,  1  o,  1  ?. 


NOVTTATRS    ZOOLOOICAE    XXIV.     1917.  483 

33.  Diacrisia  nigrocastanea,  sp.  nov. 

?.  Pectus  and  whole  undersurface  of  body  black  ;  antennae  black  ;  head 
and  thorax  olivaceous  rufous  ;  abdomen  olivaceous  orange,  five  black  spots  on 
median  segments,  a  large  black  patch  on  last  two  segments. 

Forewings  olivaceous  rufous-brown. — — Hindwings  basal  three-fifths  oliva- 
ceous cinnamon- orange,  outer  two-fifths  black. 

Length  of  forewing  :    18  mm..     Expanse  :    41  mm. 

Habitat.  Lilongwe,  AngonUand,  February  2,   1910  (Andrews),  1  ?. 

34.  Diacrisea  eichhomi,  sp.  nov. 

(J.  Pectus  and  legs  black,  base  of  fore-coxae  reddish  ;  antennae  black,  head 
yellowish  isabelline  buff ;  tegulae  and  patagiae  cinnamon-buff,  the  former 
with  a  scarlet  dot  near  head  the  latter  with  a  black  patch  at  base,  central  mass 
of  thorax  black  ;  abdomen  bright  crimson,  a  line  of  central  black  dots  on  all 
but  last  two  segments,  anal  tuft  brownish  yellow. 

Forewmg  greyish  cinnamon-buff  ;  three  small  black  dots  at  base,  an  ante- 
median  band  of  four  large  black  spots,  a  broken  broad  median  black  band  and 
two  postmedian  bands  of  black  spots,  the  inner  largest,  from  vein  8  to  vein  4, 

a  black  dot  at  tornus. Hindwing  basal  seven-ninths  crimson,  outer  two-ninths 

tawny  yellow  ;  a  black  f)atch  at  end  of  cell,  and  an  interrupted  black  band 
beyond  the  middle.  One  of  the  three  has  the  black  bands  on  forewing  more 
extended. 

Length  of  forewing  :    26  mm.     Expanse  :    59  mm. 

Habitat.  Goodenough  Island,  May  1913  (A.  S.  Meek),  3   (JcJ. 

35.  Seirarctia  approximans,  sp.  nov. 

<J.  Allied  clara  Holl.,  but  larger  and  paler. 

Antennae  black  ;  pectus  jDale  crimson  ;  head  and  thorax  olive-cinnamon ; 
a  black  spot  on  the  patagia  ;  abdomen  yellow  ringed  with  orange,  basal  segment 
pale  crimson. 

Forewing  salmon-cmnamon  not  red-brown  ;  strigUated  with  black  but  less 
densely  than  in  clara,  the  strigilations  longer  and  on  parts  of  disc  crowded  together 
so  as  to  form  an  ante-  and  a  postmedian  band,  basal  one-third  almost  without 

striae. Hindwing  white  suffused  with  pink  ;    abdommal  area,  margin,  and 

fringe  salmon  colour  ;  a  discocellular  black  stigma.  $  larger,  differs  from  ^  in 
having  a  sooty  discocellular  stigma  on  forewing,  which  is  only  occasionally  present 
in  the  S,  and  in  the  whole  hindwing  being  yellowish  salmon  colour. 

Length  of  forewing  :  clara  <J  20  mm.,  9  23  mm. ;  approximayis  ^  23  mm., 
?  28  mm.  Expanse  of  forewing  :  clara  o  44  mm.,  ?  52  mm. ;  approximans  3  52 
mm.,  $  64  mm. 

Habitat.  Manow  Mpuapua,  German  East  Africa,  9  33,  2  ??. 

(Sir  George  Hampson  considers  this  an  aberration  of  clara,  but  I  think  it 
is  a  distinct  species.) 

36.  Seirarctia  sordida  sp.  nov. 

3.  Antennae  black  ;  pectus  sooty  grey ;  head  and  thorax  sooty  brown 
mixed  slightly  with  yellowish-grey  hairs ;  abdomen  greyish  yellow  with  lateral 
transverse  black  bands. 


484  NO-PITATES    ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV.    1917. 

Forewing  yellowish  grey  irroratecl  with  black  strigilae  which  in  the  disc 
also  form  a  median  and  postmedian  band,  and  a  postdiscal  round  patch  above 
vein  5  ;  a  discoceUuIar  black  stigma. — — Huidwing  semivitreous  white,  veins 
and  costa  yellowish,  a  black  discocellular  stigma.  $  Head  and  thorax  brownish 
cinnamon  ;   abdomen  banded  yellow  and  black  with  pink  basal  segment. 

Forewing  brownish  cinnamon  marked  as  in  3. Hindwing  rosy  salmon 

colour  with  one  larger  and  three  small  black  submarginal  spots  as  well  as  the 
stigma. 

Length  of  forewing  :    S  20  mm.,  ?  27  mm.     Expanse  :    (J  46  mm.,  ?  60  mm. 

Hnbltnt.  Harrar,  Abyssinia  (G.  Kristensen),  3  So,  1  ?. 

37.  Turuptiana  pellucida,  sp.  nov. 

o.  Antemiae  black  ;  head  and  thorax  brownish  cinnamon-buff,  frous  black  ; 
abdomen  deep  orange,  four  middle  segments  above  black. 

Forewing  vitreous  ;  base,  costal  area,  inner  margin,  and  above  vein  1 
brownish  cinnamon  ;    three  black  sjjots  in  costal  region,  and  two  vertical  black 

lines  in  the  inner  area. -Hindwing  vitreous,  abdomuial  and  costal  area  brownish 

cinnamon. 

Length  of  forewing  :    24  mm.     Expanse  :    54  mm. 

Habitat.  Monte  Tolima,  Columbia,  3,200  mm.  =  10,400  ft.,  January  1910 
(A.  H.  Fassl),  2  <Jc?. 

38.  Turuptiana   steinbachi,  sp.  nov. 

cJ?.  Antennae  black  ;  head  olivaceous  brown-grey ;  tegulae  olivaceous 
brown-grey,  rest  of  thorax  black  ;  abdomen  black,  basal  and  anal  segments  dark 
buff. 

Forewing  differs  from  ohscura  Schaus  in  the  postmedian  black  bands  being 
much  more  sharply  curved  and  angled,  in  the  ground-colour  being  much  darker, 

and  in  the  antemedian  black  band  bemg  more  oblique. Hindwmg  in  <J  clear 

buff  with  a  sooty  spot  above  tornus  and  two  or  three  minute  dark  dots  here 
and  there,  in  the  ?  it  is  olive-cinnamon  with  double  median  sooty  band  and  a 
postdiscal  row  of  irregular  spots. 

Length  of  forewing  :    S  19  mm.,  $  21  mm.     Expanse  :    q  44  mm.,  $  48  mm. 

Habitat.  Tucuman,  1,100  m.  =  3,575  ft.,  January — February  1905  (J. 
Steinbach),  1  J,  1  ?. 

39.  Turuptiana  fuscescens,  sp.  nov. 

<J.  Similar  to  testacea  Rothsch.,  but  larger  and  darker. 

Antennae  black  ;  head  buff  suffused  with  fuscous  grey-brown  :  tegulae  basal 
half  buff,  outer  half  fuscous  grey-brown,  rest  of  thorax  sooty  brown-grey  ; 
abdomen  testaceous  yellow,  heavily  clothed  with  dirty  fuscous  hairs. 

■    Forewing  fuscous  brown-grey  with  postmedian  darker  shadow  band,  nervure 

darker. Hindwing    smiUar    with    abdominal    one-third    clothed    with    long 

darker  hair. 

Length  of  forewing  :    21  mm.     Expanse  :    48  mm. 

Habitat.  Rio  Huacamayo,  Carabaya,  3,100  ft.,  June  1904  (G.  Ockenden), 
4   <J<J. 


NOTITATES   ZOOLOGICAE  XXIV.    1917.  485 

40.  Rhodogastria  rufitarsus,  sp.  nov. 

<J.  Similar  to  caudipennis  Walk.,  but  distinguLshed  by  the  different  shape 
of  hindwing  and  the  broader  forewing. 

Antennae  black,  basal  one-fifth  crimson,  not  merely  the  basal  joint ;  fore- 
tarsi  entu'ely  crimson,  not  merely  the  last  joint ;  head  greyish  white,  not  jjale 
mouse-grey ;  black  spot  on  vertex  much  larger  than  one  on  frons,  not  equal 
size  ;  thorax  as  in  caiidipennis  but  paler  ;  abdomen  brownish  velvety  putty 
colour,  not  cream  yellow ;  whole  of  two  last  segments  bright  rosy  carmine. 

Forewing  much  whiter,  light  patch  beyond  discocellulars  hardly  different 

from  basal  three-quarters  of  wing. ^Hindwing  much  larger  than  in  caudi- 

pennis,  the  tornus  hardly  produced  at  all,  and  the  termen  barely  excised  ;  the 
apex  pointed,  not  rounded,  tufts  in  anal  fold  less  voluminous  ;  whole  wing  cream. 
less  white.  $  darker  grey  than  caudipennis  and  hindwing  presents  some 
differences  in  shape. 

Length  of  forewing  :     rufitarsus  :  (J  25  mm.  Breadth  of  forewing,  <?  15  mm. 
,,         .,         ,,  caudipennis    23  mm.         ,,         ,,         ,,        o  11  mm. 

,,         ,,         ,,  rufitarsus  ?  29  mm.     Expanse  :  <J  58  mm.,  $  66  mm. 

Habitat.  Rook  Island.  August  1913  (A.  S.  Meek),  1  rj,  3  ?? ;  New  Britain 
(C.  Wahnes),  1  ?. 

41.  Rhodogastria  curta,  sp.  nov. 
(J.  Differs  from  arthus-hertrand  Guen.  by  the  almost  complete  absence  of 
black  spots  on  the  thorax,  by  the  more  grey  less  brown  colour  of  the  forewings, 
and  by  the  extremely  short  rounded  apex  and  termen  of  the  forewings. 
Length  of  fore^^ing  :    curtus  30  mm. 

.,         ,.         ,,         o  arthiis-hertrand  35  mm. 
ExiDanse  :    curtus  70  mm.,  arthus-hertrand  80  mm. 
Habitat.  Rook  Island.  July  1913  (A.  S.  Meek),  1   3. 

42.  Rhodogastria  simillima,  sp.  nov. 

(J?.  Very  closely  allied  to  crokeri  papuana  Rothsch.,  but  distinguished  by 
the  front  of  the  whole  fore-tarsus  and  the  distal  half  of  the  fore-tibia  being 
crimson,  not  merely  the  first  tibial  joint ;  in  the  hmdwing  being  almost  entirely 
cream-white,  not  smoky  grey ;  and  in  the  antennae  being  crimson  for  three 
millimetres  beyond  basal  joint.     It  is  also  smaller. 

Length  of  forewing  :    cJ  simillima  27  mm.,  $  31  mm. 
,,         ,,         ,,  S  c.  papuana  33  mm.,  $  35  mm. 

Expanse  :    S  simillima  62  mm.,  ?  70  mm. 
,,         o  c.  papuana  76  mm.,  ?  80  mm. 

Habitat.  Rook  Island,  July  1913  (A.  S.  Meek),  1  S,  5  $?. 

43.  Rhodogastria  erythropus,  sp.  nov. 

(J.  Differs  from  astreas  Drury  ui  the  entirely  crimson  forelegs  faintly  tinged 
with  brown  on  basal  one-thud  of  tibia  ;  in  the  crimson  base  and  tip  of  the 
antennae,  in  the  dark-grey  head,  thorax,  and  forewings,  not  brownish  mouse-grey 
as  in  astreas ;  in  the  brilliant  carmine-scarlet  abdomen,  not  orange-salmon ;  and  in 
the  salmon-coloured  suffusion  of  the  abdominal  one-third  of  hindwing.  ?.  Similar 
but  less  suffused  with  salmon  colour  on  hindwmg. 

Length  of  forewing  :    ^  33  mm.,  ?  34  mm.     Expanse  :    S  75  mm.,  ?  77  ram. 

Habitat.  Rook  Island,  July  1913  (A.  S.  Meek),  5  (J(J,  3  ??. 


486  XOVITATES    ZOOLOGTCAE    XXIV.     HUT. 

EUFTEKOTIDAE 

44.  Fandala  pandaya  niassana,  subsp.  nov. 

?.  Differs  from  p.  pandaya  in  the  ground-colour  being  more  ciniiamon-grey 
not  pale  mouse-grey,  and  in  the  transverse  markings  being  much  less  sharply 
defined  and  much  more  rufous. 

Habitat.  Pula  Nias,  3  ??  (Tyj)e  Kalim  Bungo,  January  1896  [T.  Z.  Kanne- 
gieter])  ;    1  ?,  Gunong  Sitoli. 

45.  Tagora  pallida  sp.  nov. 

$.  Nearest  to  kliasiana  Moore,  but  larger. 

Antennae  black-brown ;  frons  greyish  cream-colour,  vertex  and  collar 
smoky  black  ;    thorax  and  abdomen  j-eUowish-grey  cream  colour. 

Forewing  greyish  cream-white  suffused  and  freckled  \\ith  cinnamon-grey  ; 
a  darker  outwardly  curved  subbasal  band  and  a  sharply  angled  antemedian 
band  just  touching  vitreous  patch,  beyond  vitreous  patch  are  three  rather  in- 
distinct bands  of  darker  coalescent  lunate  marks  ;  the  transverse  band  from 
ajjex  to  inner  margin  is  much  more  basad  and  nuich  more  defined,  also  straighter 

and  the  submarginal  cloud  band  much  fainter. Hindwings  similar,  but  only 

with  one  antemedian  band  and  a  brown,  not  sooty ;  and  straight,  not  crenulate 
postmedian  band. 

Length  of  forewing  :    pallida,  61  mm.     Expanse:   134  mm. 
,,        ,,        ,,       $  khasiana,  54  mm.     Expanse:   117  mm. 

Habitat.  Khasia  Hills,  Assam  (Native  coll.),  1  $. 

46.  Palerisa  sinensis,  sp,  nov, 

^,  Allied  to  cervina  but  smaller.  Differs  from  cervina  in  being  much 
paler,  more  silver-grey,  and  in  the  transverse  bands  of  the  forewing  being  closer 
together  and  much  fainter,  ?,  Much  less  rufous  than  cervina,  and  has  the  trans- 
verse bands  also  much  closer  together. 

Length  of  forewing  :  si?iensis,  o  40  mm,,  ?  59  mm.  Expanse  :  3  88  mm., 
$131  mm. 

Length  of  forewing  :  cervina,  <J  49  mm,,  $  67  mm.  Expanse  :  o  110  mm,, 
?  147  mm. 

Habitat.  Kwan  Sien.  China,  1  3.  2  ?$. 

4C,  Apona  cashmeriensis  major,  subsp,  nov. 

o$.  Differs  from  c,  cashmeriensis  in  the  much  less  rufous-cinnamon  ground- 
colour, in  the  markings  being  much  more  distinct,  and  in  the  larger  size. 

Length  of  forewmg  :  c.  major  $  50  mm,,  ?  53  mm.  Expanse  :  S  109  mm,, 
?  117  mm. 

Length  of  forewing  :  c.  cashmeriensis,  S  40  mm,,  $  42  mm.  Expanse : 
(J  88  mm,,  ?  92  mm. 

Habitat.  Sikkim  (Otto  Moller),  1  S  Type  ;  ditto  (J,  G,  Pilcher),  14,  viii,  and 
20.  xi.  1889,  2  ??. 


NOVITATES   ZOOLOGICAK    XXIV.     ItllT.  487 

47.  Apona  trater,  sj).  nov. 

cJ$.  Allied  to  A.  shevaroyensit)  Mooi'e.  but  smaller  and  greyer. 

Distinguished  from  shevaroyensis  at  first  sight  by  the  produced  apical  lappet 
of  forcwing  and  in  the  very  much  stronger  and  heavier  markings. 

Length  of  forewing  :  o  jrater,  56  mm.,  shevaroyensis,  70  mm.  Exi)anse  : 
S  /rater  123  mm.,  shevaroyensis  158  mm. 

Length  of  forewing  :    2  jraier  62  mm.     E.\])anse:  138  mm. 

Habitat.  Khasia  Hills,  Assam  (Native  coll.).  2cJ<J,  3  ??. 

4>s.  Pseudojana  pallidipemiis  grandis,  subsp.  nov. 

(J.  Much  larger  than  p.  pallidipemiis,  and  the  transverse  lines  between  the 
oblique  median  band  and  the  row  of  submarginal  spots  of  forewing  moie  numerous 
and  more  pronounced. 

Length  of  forewing:    rj  p.  pallidipennis  50  mm.     Expanse:    112  mm. 
,.         ,,  ,,  S  P-  grandis  58  mm.     Expanse  :    128  mm. 

Habitat.  Shan  States,   1   J. 

49.  Pseudojana  perspicuiiascia,  sp.  nov. 

o.  DiSers  from  incandescens  above  in  the  less  olive  tint  of  the  wings,  in 
having  the  subbasal  antemedian  and  median  bands  of  the  forewings  as  distinctly 
defined  as  bands  as  the  post  median  band  not  as  in  ijicandescens  merely  shadow 
bands,  and  in  having  three  distinct  shadow  bands  on  the  hindwings.  Below  the 
forewings  arc  much  more  grey  less  olive-brown  and  the  hindwings  much  deeper 
crimson  ;  on  both  wmgs  the  postmedian  is  deeply  concave,  not  straight  as  in 
incandescens.     It  is  also  smaller. 

Length  of  forewing:    ,j  perspicuifascia  58  mm.      Expanse:    129mm. 
, o  incandescens  65  mm.     Expanse:  143  mm. 

Habitat.  Mt.  Gede,  W.  Java.  4,000  metres  =  13,000  ft.,  1896  (H.  Fruli- 
storfer),  1  cj. 

49«.  Pseudojana  perspicuifascia  niassana,  subsp.  nov. 

o.  Differs  from  p.  perspicuifascia  in  the  olive  wood-brown  colour  of  the 
postdiscal  area  of  both  wings  above  and  in  the  orange-rufous  colour  below  of  the 
whole  surface. 

Habitat.  Kalim  Bungo,  Central  Nias,  January  1896  (T.  Z.  Kannegieter),  3  o  o- 

50.  Jana  pseudostrigina,  sp.  nov. 

o$.  Differs  from  strigina  Westw.  in  its  paler  coloration,  in  having  in  the 
light  area  on  inner  side  of  postmedian  band  a  row  of  arrow-head  marks  on  the 
nervures  joined  into  a  band  bj'  intranervular  lunules,  instead  of  a  double  row  of 
dots  on  the  nervures  unconnected  intianervurely  by  any  marks ;  and  in  the 
black  antemedian  band  of  hindwuig  being  narrower. 

Habitat.  Lueho,  Kassai  River  (P.  Landbeck),  2oV,  ,2  S'v. 

51.  Jana  roseata,  sp.  nov. 

o.  Antennae  brownish  salmon  coloui- ;  head  huffish  pink  ;  tegulae  basal 
half  black,  outer  half  salmon-pink  suffused  with  sooty  brown,  rest  of  thorax 
salmon-pink  suffus-ed  with  sooty  bro^vu  :    abdomen  dii-ty  salmon-pink- 

53 


488  XOVITATES    ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV.     HUT. 

Forewing  salmon-pink  strongly  suffused  with  sootj'  brown  ;  a  tripartite 
black  stigma,  an  indistinct  oblique  subbasal  and  a  more  distinct  oblique  ante- 
median  black  band  ;    a  curved  black  median  and  a  straight  postmedian  black 

band. Hindwing  similar,  but  with  a  somewhat  indistinct  antcmedian  black 

band  and  a  very  broad  postmedian  band  excised  uregularly  on  distal  side. 

?.  Much  redder  and  bands  on  forewing  less  distinct. 

Length  of  forewing  :    cj  60  mm.,  $  55  mm.     Expanse  :    j  130  mm.,  ?  120  mm. 

Habitat.  Marienheim,  Urundi,  East  Africa,  2  o  o  ;  Portuguese  East  Africa,  1  $. 

52.  Jana  aurivilliusi,  sji.  nov. 

$  Antennae  black  ;  head  and  thorax  buflfish  wood-brown  strongly  inter- 
mixed with  black  ;    abdomen  less  mixed  with  black. 

Forewing  huffish  wood-brown  much  powdered  with  black  ;  a  pale  buff 
stigma  between  which  and  base  are  two  irregular  incomplete  black  bands,  median, 

postmedian,   and  subterminal    zigzag    double   black   bands. Hindwing  less 

powdered  with  black  than  forewing  ;  a  large  intensely  black  subbasal  patch, 
antcmedian,  two  postmedian,  and  subterminal  crenulate  broad  black  bands. 

Length  of  forewing  :    81  mm.     Expanse  :    182  mm. 

Habitat.  Ogrugu,  Niger,  1  ?. 

53.  Jana  variegata,  sp.  nov. 

(J$.  Antennae  amber-brown,  in  o  with  pale-yeUow  shafts  ;  head  shaggy 
brown  much  mixed  with  grey  ;  thorax  shaggy  velvety  black  variegated  sparsely 
with  a  few  white  hau'S  ;   abdomen  brownish  cinnamon-buff. 

Forewing  olivaceous  cinnamon-brown  ;  on  basal  five-sixths  nervures  broadly 
black,  as  are  numerous  irregular  crossbars,  variegated  with  white  edged  by  a 
convex  post-discal  double  band  outwardly  black,  inwardly  white ;  outer  one- 
sixth  with  nervures  much  less  broadly  white  and  two  subterminal  black  bands, 

the  inner  wider  and  more  intense  black. Hindwing  brownish  cinnamon-buff  ; 

an  intense  velvety  black  large  subbasal  ovoid  patch,  two  broad  discal  black 
bands  with  interspace  much  clouded  with  black,  two  jjostdiscal  subterminal 
black  bands  of  varying  width  and  intensity. 

Length  of  forewing  :    o  45  mm.,  $  56  mm.     Expanse:   o  103  mm.,  ?  125  mm. 

Habitat.  Ocilonda,  Bibe,  Angola,  October — November  1907  (E.  Sanders), 
2  $?,  Type,  1  S-  Bibe,  Angola,  2  S3,  1  ?  ;  Bibe,  Angola  (Pemberton),  1  S  ;Bula- 
Bulu  and  Caijala,  Angola,  October  1904  (Dr.  Ansorge),  2  cJtJ  ;  "Africa,"  1   $■ 

54.  Jana  germana,  sp.  nov. 

3.  Similar  to  variegata   but  thorax  sooty  grey  mixed  with  yellow  haii-s. 

Forewings  dark  grey  copiously  speckled  with  pale-yellow  scales  and  crossed 

by  five  more  or  less  double  zigzag  blackish  maroon  bands. Hindwing  buff, 

somewhat  speckled  with  black  scales  mostly  on  outer  half,  and  with  three  com- 
plete and  one  broken  blackish  maroon  bands.     Fringe  of  both  wings  buff. 

Length  of  forewing  :    45  mm.     Expanse  :    102  mm. 

Habiiai:  Nandi,  6,000  ft.,  April  1898  (F.  J,  Jackson),  1  <;, 


NOVITATES    ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV.     1917.  489 

55.  Haplojana  insignifica,  sp.  nov. 

?.  Antennae  shaft  white,  pectinations  brown-grey  ;  head  sooty  brown- 
grey  ;    thorax  and  abdomen  yellowish  olive-grey. 

Forewing  yellowish  olive-grey  ;  a  dark-grey  stigma,  a  dark-grey  somewhat 
oblique  postmedian  band,  followed  by  an  area  containing  irregular  though  indis- 
tinct dark-grey  lines  and  patches  and  huffish  spots  ;  a  termino-subterminal 
blotch-like  band  between  apex  and  vein  2,  very  narrow  at  apex,  widening  rapidly 
to  veins  6  and  5,  and  then  gradually  becoming  fainter  and  narrower  down  to 
vein  2. -Hindwing  yellowish  olive-grey,  a  median  dark-grey  band. 

Length  of  forewing  :    48  mm.     Exjianse  :    105  mm. 

Habitat.  Yakusu,  Upper  Congo,  April  1901   (Kenred  Smith),   1  ?. 

5(i.  Haplojana  roseobrunnea,  sp.  nov. 

o.  Antennae  shaft  buff,  pectinations  amber-brown  :  head  and  thorax 
velvety  blackish  chocolate  ;    abdomen  pmkish  brown. 

Forewing  costal  area  and  basal  one-fifth  sooty  brown  with  t\vo  convexly 
curved  black  transverse  lines,  next  one-fifth  of  wing  pink  washed  with  sooty 
brown  and  with  black  stigma  ;  outer  three-fifths  sooty  brown  tinged  with  pink, 
two  postmedian  dark-brown  bands,  the  second  double,  the  mwarcl  portion  being 

pink  ;    nervures  in  outer  one-third  black. Hindwing  basal  four-fifths  sooty 

grey  tinged  with  pink,  two  transverse  somewhat  faint  bands  ;  outer  one-fifth 
pink  washed  somewhat  with  sooty  grey.  ?  similar,  but  ground-colour  entirely 
sooty  grey,  no  pink  whatever,  abdomen  and  fringes  yellowish. 

Length  of  forewing  :   $  45  mm.,  $  50  mm.     Expanse  :    5  100  mm.,  $  1 10  mm. 

Habitat.  Uganda  (Jackson),   1(J,   1$. 

57.  Haplojana  soricis,  sp.  nov. 

cJ$.  Antennae  shaft  straw-yellow,  pectinations  amber-yellow  ;  head  frons 
velvety  brown-grey,  vertex  golden  buff  ;  thorax  velvety  seal-grey  ;  abdomen 
yellowish  brown-grey. 

Forewing  very  thickly  scaled  velvety  seal-grey  more  or  less  tinged  with 
pure  grey,  outer  one-third  suffused  with  dark  brown-grey  ;  two  oppositely 
oblique  antemedian  dark  bands,  a  median  and  a  postmedian  dark  band  with  a 

lighter  one  more  or  less  coalescent. ^Hindwing  basal  three-fifths  clear  grey, 

outer  two-fifths  seal-grey,  an  antemedian  darker  shadow  line  ;  termen  of  both 
wings  dull  yellow. 

Length  of  forewing  :   <J  49  mm.,  $  56  mm.     Expanse  :    S  107  mm.,  $  123  mm. 

Habitat.  Moyamba,  Sierra  Leone  (D.  Cator),  1  ?  Type  ;  Cape  Coast  Castle,  1  o . 

58.  Haplojana  abyssinica,  sp.  nov. 
o.  Similar  to  rhodoptera  Gerst.  but  much  smaller  ;    thorax  and  forewing 
uniform  mouse-grey,    median   band  replaced  by  faint   shadow  line,  hindwing 
yellowish  grey  with  shaggy  huffish  hair  at  base  and  on  abdominal  area.     $  ground- 
colour entirely  mouse-grey. 

.   Length  of  forewing,:    rhodoptera  J. 50  mm.,  '4^  53  mm. 

-o)  •  .  j>         „  abyssinica  d  39  mm,,  ?  48  mm. 

Expanse:  rlwdoptera,  cJ.llO.mm.,  ?  116  mm.,  abyssinica,  S  87  mm.,  ?,10Q 
mm. 

Habitat.  Harrar,  Abyssinia  (G.  Kristens^n),  1  o,  3  ?^:. 


490  XOVITATES    ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV.     1917- 

59.  Haplojana  distincta,  sp.  nov. 

(J  Antennae  amber-brown  ;  head  golden  buff  ;  thorax  sooty  grey-brown, 
slightly  marked  with  buffish  ;    abdomen  pinkish  buff. 

Forewing  basal  two-thuds  sooty  grey-brown  washed  with  cinnamon,  a 
tripartite  black  stigma,  a  median  darker  shadow  line,  a  double  slightly  crenulate 
postmedian  band  the  inner  part  of  which  is  buff  and  joined  to  which  are  a 
number  of  nervular  arrow-heads  ;  the  outer  one-thu'd  is  divided  in  half  by  a 
crenulate  shadow  band,  the  inner  half  being  yellowish  grey,  the  outer  cinnamon 

rosy  grey. Hindwing    basal    three-fifths    cinnamon-pink,    outer    two-fiftlis 

cinnamon-pink  washed  with  grey  and  separated  by  a  crenulate  shadow  line. 
$  similar  but  larger,  with  abdomen  cinnamon-pink. 

Length  of  forewing  :    o  40  mm.,  ?  46  mm.     Exf)anse  :    o  89  mm.,  v  103  mm. 

Habitat.  Ukarewe,  Victoria  Nyanza,  June  1907,  1  o,  1  ?. 

60.  Hemijana  ruberrima,  sp.  nov. 

o.  Palpi  salmon-red  ;  antennae  sooty  black  ;  head  sooty  brown  suffused 
with  pink  ;   thorax  yellowish  grey  tinged  with  salmon  ;  abdomen  salmon-yellow. 

Forewing  cinnamon-grey  tinged  with  salmon ;  three  minute  stigmatic 
dots  ;   three  jjostmedian  crenulate  dark-grey  lines  ;   fringe  and  subterminal  area 

stained  with   salmon-red. Hindwing  salmon-scarlet.     A  second    o    has   the 

stigmatic  points  and  postmedian  bands  much  more  heavily  marked. 

Length  of  forewing  :   27  mm.     Expanse  :    60  mm. 

Habitat.  Bibe,  Angola  (Pemberton),  2  o  J. 

61.  Hemijana  griseola,  .sp.  nov. 

o.  Antennae  dark  brown  ;  head  and  thorax  cinnamon  silver-grey  ;  abdomen 
cinnamon  grey-brown. 

Forewing  yellowish  brown-grey,  a  subbasal  chocolate  patch  on  inner  margin, 
an  antemedian  transverse  line  to  base  of  vein  2  ;  a  strongly  angled  and  sinuate 
postmedian  brown  line  beyond  which  is  a  less  strongly  marked  and  less  sinuate 
luie  on  the  outer  edge  of  which  between  vein  6  and  costa  are  three  dark-brown 

dots. Hindwing  yellowish  cinnamon,  a  lot  of  darker  hair  on  abdominal  area ; 

a  median  shadow  line  and  a  dark-cinnamon  postmedian  line. 

Length  of  forewing  :    24  mm.     Expanse  :    54  mm. 

Habitat.  Mooi  River,  Natal,  1  S- 

62,  Hemijana  variegata,  sp.  nov. 

S.  Antennae  black  ;  head  and  thorax  pale  chocolate-brown  ;  abdomen 
orange-brown. 

Forewing  cinnamon  pinkish  white,  outer  one-third  umber-brown  washed  and 
clouded  with  pinkish  cinnamon  and  cinnamon-white  ;  on  basal  one-fourth  arc 
three  large  in'cgular  umber-brown  patches  and  several  linos,  a  black  stigmatic 
dot  beyond  which  is  ti  browia  patch  ;   the  outer  one-third  of  wing  is  sharply  cut 

off  from  basal  paler  two-thirds. Hindwing  salmon-piiik,  outer  oue-tbird  with 

ill-defined  broad  sooty  gi-ey-black  band  and  suffusion. 

Length  of  forewing  :    24  mm.     Expanse  :   55  mm. 

Habitat.  Ddagoa  Bay  (Mrs.  Monttiro),  1  cJ' 


NOVITATES   ZOOLOGICAE   XXIV.    1917.  491 

63.  Camarunia  bipartita,  sp.  nov. 

o.  Antennae  dark  brown  ;  head  and  thorax  olive-chocolate  ;  abdomen  olive 
wood-grey. 

Forewing  divided  obliquely  from  apex  to  inner  margin  into  two  portions  ; 
costal  portion  olive-chocolate,  a  shadowy  darker  stigmatic  jjatch,  dividing  line 
dirty  pink  ;  tornal  portion  yellowish  grey  washed  with  olive-brown  and  with 
four  transverse  lines  of  varying  length,  the  two  middle  ones  crenulate. Hind- 
wing  yellow-grey  with  two  dark-grey  transverse  bands  ;  a  wedge-shaped  area 
running  almost  to  base  between  abdominal  area  and  costal  three-fifths  of  wing 
dirty  orange. 

Length  of  forewing  :    25  mm.     Expanse  :    55  mm. 

Habitat.  Ogrugu,  Niger,  1  <J. 

64.  Phasicnecus  monteiroiiis,  sp.  nov. 

?.  Antennae  black  ;  head  golden  yellow ;  thorax  orange-cinnamon  ; 
abdomen  yellowish  cinnamon. 

Forewing  rosy  cinnamon-chestnut ;  fringe,  apex,  and  costa  cinnamon-orange  ; 
an  oblique  somewhat  sinuate  band  from  below  apex  on  vein  7  to  inner  margin 

olive-brown  suffused  with  silver-grey. Hindwings  pinky  yellowish  cinnamon, 

fringe  orange. 

Length  of  forewing  :    21  mm.     Expanse  :    48  mm. 

Habitat.  Delagoa  Bay  (Mrs.  Monteiro),  1  9- 

65.  Phasicnecus  similis  similis,  sp.  nov. 

(J.  Near  rosea  Druce. 

Antennae  black  ;   head  and  thorax  golden  yellow  ;   abdomen  greyish  yellow. 

Fore-  and  hindwing  pale  yellow  ;  on  forewing  in  outer  two-fifths  a  large 
purplish  cinnamon  band  occupying  most  of  the  two-fifths  of  wing  from  innei' 
margin  to  vein  7  ;  on  hindwing  in  same  portion  of  wing  a  less  distinct  cinnamon 
patch  above  veins  1  to  3.  $  Much  larger.  Head  and  tegulae  golden  yellow  ; 
thorax  pinkish  cinnamon  ;  abdomen  dirty  orange-yellow.  Forewing  purplish 
chestnut-cinnamon  ;  two  darker  transverse  bands,  beyond  the  outer  of  which 
is  a  large  areal  patch  of  purplish  maroon-chestnut  sprinkled  with  silver-grey 
scales. Hindwing  slightly  paler. 

Length  of  forewing  :    o  22  mm.,  2  27  mm.     Expanse  :    cJ  50  mm.,  $  61  mm. 

Habitat.  Lilongwi,  Angoniland,  January  1910  (Andrews),  1   <J,  2  $?. 

66.  Phasicnecus  similis  flavidior,  supsb.  nov. 

o.  Entirely  cinnamon-yellow. 

9.  Ground-colour  golden  yellow  not  purplish  chestnut-cinnamon  as  in  s. 
similis  ;  disc  of  forewing  somewhat  washed  with  purplish  cinnamon,  markings 
as  in  s.  similis. 

Habitat.  Kasangazi,  nr.  Bandawe,  Lake  Nyassa,  3,000  ft.  (Dr.  Penrice). 
1<J,  19. 

67.  Phasicnecus  giganteus,  sp.  nov. 

?.  Antennae  brown  ;  head  brownish  orange  ;  thorax  purplish  cinnamon- 
chocolate  ;   abdomen  paler. 


492  ^^o^^TATES  Zoolooicae  XXIV.   1917. 

Forewing  thinly  scaled  but  very  hairy,  purpli.sh  cinnamon-chocolate  ;  a 
postmedian  whitish-pink  transverse  band. Hind^^■ing  paler. 

Length  of  forewing  :    38  mm.     Expanse  :    85  mm. 

Habitat.  Moyamba,  Sierra  Leone  (D.  Caton),  1  $.  A  second  ?  is  in  the 
British  Museum. 

68.  Phasicnecus    peropalinus,  sp.  nov. 

$.  Antennae  brown  ;  head,  thorax,  and  abdomen  pale  buff-grey.  Wings 
yellowish  vitreous  strongly  opalescent  with  numerous  indistinct  crenulate  and 
sinuate  transverse  darker  markings,  these  latter  being  almost  absent  in  basal 
three-fifths  of  wings. 

Length  of  forewing  :    25  mm.     Expanse  :    54  mm. 

Habitat.  Bitje,  Ja  River,  Camaroons,  2,000  ft.,  January — February  1907 
(G.  L.  Bates),   1  ?. 

69.  Phasicnecus   nivalis,  sp.  nov. 

o.  Antennae  grey-brown  ;  frons  sooty  black,  rest  of  head,  thorax,  and 
abdomen  snow-white.  Wings  snow-white,  very  hairy  ;  an  antemedian  band, 
a  basal  band,  a  postmedian  band,  and  a  band  of  coalescent  rings  greenish  grey. 

Length  of  forewing  :    27  mm.     Expanse  :    61  mm. 

Habitat.  Bingerville,  Ivory  Coast,  June  1915  (G.  Melou),  1  S  Type;  Moy- 
amba, Sierra  Leone  (D.  Cator),  2  (J (J. 

70.  Viana  magnifica,  sji.  nov. 

?.  Antennae  black  ;    head  and  thorax  purplish  brown. 

Forewing  thinly  scaled  purplish  chocolate  ;  a  whitish  streak  on  discocellulars, 
a  darker  postmedian  line  inside  of  which  are  varying  clouded  areas  of  whitish 
scales. Hind\\ing  orange-rufous,  outer  one-third  purplish  chocolate. 

Length  of  forewing  :    .30  mm.     Exjjanse  :    67  mm. 

Habitat.  Lagos.  West  Africa. 

71.  Acrojana  splendida.  sp.  nov. 

$.  Antennae  brown,  shaft  rnauve-grey  ;  head  and  thorax  purplish  mauve- 
grey  ;    abdomen  paler. 

Forewing  apple-green  ;  an  oblique  postmedian  band,  costal  region,  a  large 
quadrate  patch  in  and  beyond  cell,  a  series  of  markings  in  basal  one-fifth  of 
wing,  and  patches  and  cloudings  in  apical  and  outer  one-third  of  wing  purplish 

mauve-grey  ;    a  round  chocolate  subbasal  patch  on  costa. Hindwiiig  costal 

one-third  bright  carmine-rose,  rest  of  wing  apple-green  with  lines  and  cloud 
patches  of  purplish  maroon-grey. 

Length  of  forewing  :    61  mm.     Expanse  :    133  mm. 

Habitat.  Wassaw  district,  45  miles  inland  from  Sekondi,  Gold  Coast,  1  ?. 


NOVITATES    ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV.     1917.  493 

THE  SUBSPECIES   OF   CYANOPICA   CYANUS. 
By  De.  ERNST  HARTERT. 

UP  to  1903  all  the  blue-tailed  Magpies  of  eastern  Asia  were  supposed  to  bo 
one  and  the  same  race  ;  in  Vog.  pal.  Fauna,  i.  p.  24,  I  .sejjarated  the  form 
from  southern  and  middle  China  as  Cyanopica  cyanus  swinhoei,  which  is  indeed 
readUy  distinguishable  by  the  darker,  more  rufous  grey-brown  upperside.  The 
exact  distribution  of  swinhoei  is  not  yet  quite  certain  ;  I  have  examined  skins 
from  Kiukiang.  Hupeh,  Woochang,  Shanghai,  Chinkiang,  Zemingdah  in  China. 
We  have  also  a  3  collected  at  "  Guniansi  "  in  Amdo,  and  there  are  three  specimens 
in  the  British  Museum,  from  Przewalski,  which  are  labelled  "  Kansu."  Unfor- 
tunately Kansu  is  a  rather  vague  locality,  but  the  one  from  Amdo  and  the  three 
Kansu  skins  agree  quite  with  my  swinhoei,  and  not  with  my  inter posita,  which 
we  should  have  exjjected  there. 

In  1903  I  queried  the  Japanese  form  (p.  23),  and  it  has  been  named  C.  cyanus 
/apowica  by  Parrot  [Orn.  Monatsber.  1905,  p.  26,  a.nd  Zool.  Jahrb.  xxv.  p.  22,  1907). 
This  Japanese  form  is  smaller  than  C.  c.  cyanus  and  swinhoei,  and  the  back  is 
darker  and  more  greyish.  Parrot  laid  stress  on  the  white  tips  to  the  lateral 
rectrices,  but  their  presence  or  absence  is  an  individual  character  ;  it  is  true 
that  all  young  birds  have  them,  but  also  many  perfectly  adult  ones  exhibit  them, 
while  they  are  entirely  absent  or  only  narrow  or  indicated  in  others.  It  was 
an  accident  that  the  majority  of  the  Japanese  skins  examined  by  Parrot  had 
white  tips,  for  only  one  of  those  in  the  British  Museum  has  them. 

Since  then  we  have  received,  from  the  late  Alan  Owston  in  Yokohama,  a 
large  series  (45  specimens)  from  Tai-pai-shan,  Tsin-ling  Mts.  These  birds  are 
easily  distinguished  from  C.  c.  cyanus  and  swinhoei,  but  very  closely  allied  to 
japonica  !  In  fact  the  only  difference  from  the  latter  is  the  darker  grey  back  ! 
With  these  Tsin-ling  birds  agree  those  from  Corea  in  the  British  Museum  (5  SS, 
2  ??),  collected  by  Anderson),  and  I  must  identify  with  this  form  also  a  female 
from  Sungpan  in  north-western  Setchuan  and  one  from  Peking.  The  Tsin- 
ling,  Corea,  and  Peking  race  is  also  frequently  larger ;  while  the  wings  of  Japanese 
skins  measure  132-139,  once  only  142  (my  own  measurements  only),  those  from 
Tsinling  and  Corea  have  wings  of  132-148  mm.,  but  this  difference  in  size  may  not 
hold  good,  as  so  many  more  Tsin-ling  and  Corea  birds  were  measured,  and  were 
compared  with  only  14  Jaiianese  ones. 

I  name  the  birds  from  Corea  and  Tsin-ling,  to  which  would  also  belong 
those  from  Peking,  though  I  have  only  seen  one, 

Cyanopica  cyanus  interposita,  subsp.  nov. 

Type:  S  ad.,  Tai-pai-shan,  Tsin-ling  Mts.,  20.  xi.  1905.  collected  by 
Owston's  Japanese  collectors. 

C.  cyanus  cyanus  differs  almost  invariably  from  all  the  other  forms  by  having 
the  blue-black  cap  more  purplish. 


494  XOVITATES    ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV.     lUlT. 

FURTHER   NOTES   ON  SOUTH  AMERICAN   BIRDS. 
By    dr.    ERNST    HARTERT    AND    ARTHUR    GOODSON. 

{See  antea,  pp.  410-419.) 

Note  on  Diglossopis  caerulescens. 

THIS  species  was  first  described  in  1856,  from  Caracas,  Venezuela,  but  in  the 
Cat.  B.  Brit.  Mus.  xi.  p.  12  the  habitat  is  given  as  "  Andes  of  Venezuela, 
Colombia,  Ecuador,  and  Peru."  This  requires  some  alteration.  First  of  all 
the  mountains  near  Caracas  should  not  be  called  the  "  Andes,"  being — especially 
faunistically — rather  separated,  as  has  been  shown  by  Professor  Sievers  and 
recent  ornithological  explorations.  Then  the  forms  from  various  parts  of  this 
wide  range  are  not  all  alike. 

The  Peruvian  bird  is  D.  caerulescens  pallida  Berl.  and  Stolzm,  1896. 

The  specimens  from  Colombia  and  the  real  Andes  of  Venezuela  (Merida)  are 
darker  and  somc^^'hat  more  purplish,  and  the  bill  is  slightly  smaller.  They  are 
evidently/),  caerulescens  saturata  Todd.  It  is,  however,  not  very  enlightening  to 
find  this  form  described  from  one  spot.  La  Palmita,  Santander,  Colombia,  one 
male  only  being  mentioned,  and  it  being  left  to  the  imagination  of  the  reader 
whether  only  that  single  bird  or  a  series  had  been  examined.  (Cf.  Proc.  Biol.  Soc. 
Washington,  xxx.  p.  12S,  1917.)  It  would  have  been  desu'able  to  make  this 
clear,  and  to  sajf  whether  birds  from  Merida  and  Bogota,  which  are  represented 
in  most  large  bird-collections,  are  the  same  or  not.  According  to  Hellmaj^r 
specimens  from  Merida  are  again  "  darker  and  more  uniform  bluish  "'  than 
Bogota  ones  ;  our  material  is  not  sufficient  to  be  certain  about  this,  as  we  have 
only  four  Bogota  skins  to  compare  with  ten  from  Merida.  However  this  may 
be,  it  is  quite  certain  that  the  topo-typical  birds  from  Caracas  are  quite  distinct, 
being  paler  and  less  purplish  on  the  upperside,  paler  underneath,  chin  less 
blackish,  and  the  bill  longer.  ^Ve  have  received  fine  skins  from  near  Caracas 
from  Mr.  S.  M.  Klages. 

Mecocerculus  leucophrys  nigriceps  Chapm. 

Mecocerculus  nigriceps  Chapman,  Bull.  Amer.  Mvs.  Nat.  Hist.  xii.  p.  154  (18!)9 — Described  from  a 

single  specimen,  not  sexed,  from  Los  Palmales,  State  of  Cumana,  Venezuela). 
Elainea  gularis  Madarasz,  Ann.  Miis.  Nat.  Hiingar.  i.  p.  462  (1903 — Andes  o£  Merida,  Escorial). 

Messrs.  Hellmayr  and  Seilern  (Arch.  /.  Nafurg.  Ixxviii.  p.  72,  1912)  say  that 
they  cannot  sejjarate  Venezuelan  specimens  from  M.  leucophrys  setophagoides 
from  Bogota,  but  we  cannot  agree  with  them.  Not  only  is  the  upper  surface 
of  Bogota  specimens  darker  and  browner,  in  Venezuelan  ones  paler  and  more 
olivaceous,  with  but  a  slight  greenish  tinge,  especially  on  the  lower  back  and 
rump,  but  the  wings  in  the  latter  are  also  shorter.  The  wings  of  the  Venezuelan 
birds  range  from  60  mm.  (Hellmayr's  measurement  of  58  is  probably  incorrect,  as 
he  has  not  stretched  the  wing)  to  65  and  even  66,  whUe  in  Bogota  birds  they 
vary  from  66  to  72  and  even  73 — doubtless  the  smaller  specimens  being  females, 
the  larger  males,  though  the  sexing  on  some  of  our  skins  does  not  agree,  but 
must  be  incorrect. 


NOVITATES    ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV.     1017.  495 

The  Venezuelan  birds  being  different  from  setopTiagoides,  they  must  be  called 
M.  leucophrys  nigriceps,  though  we  .should  not  have  attempted  to  name  such  a 
closely  allied  form  from  a  single  unsexed  specimen,  as  such  work  can  only  be 
suggestive  and  not  definite.  Nor  is  the  name  nigriceps  a  suitable  one,  as  the 
crown  is  by  no  means  actually  black,  though  a  shade  darker  than  the  back. 

Two  specimens  from  Mt.  Roraima,  British  Guiana,  collected  by  Whitely, 
agree  in  their  small  size  with  M .  I.  nigriceps,  but  are  as  dark  on  the  upperside 
as  M .  I.  seiophagoides.     The  Guiana  specimens  in  the  British  Museum  agree  with 
those  in  Tring  and  it  wUl  probably  become  necessary  to  separate  them. 
The  material  in  the  Tring  Museum  is  as  follows  : 

M.  I.  leucophrys  :    Tucuman  and  S.  Peru,  8  o?- 
M.  I.  nigriceps  :  Merida,  Caracas,  Cumana,  12  ^$. 
M.  I.  subsp.  nov.  1  :    Guiana,  2  <??. 
M.  I.  setophagoides  :   Bogota,  9 

We  have  no  specimen  of  the  typical  leucophrys  from  Bolivia. 

On  the  subspecies  of  Cymbilanius  liueatus. 
There  are  at  least  four  forms  of  this  species,  as  follows  : 
1.  Cymbilanius  lineatus  lineatus  (Leach). 

Lanius  lincatns  Leach,  Zool.  Misc.  i.  p.  20.  pi.  C  (1814 — Berbice,  Guiana). 

The  males  are  darker  than  those  of  all  the  other  races,  the  white  cross-bars 
narrower,  those  on  the  underside  less  wide  than  the  black  bars.  The  females 
have  the  tail  black-brown,  almost  black,  with  rather  narrow  pale  rust-brown 
bars  ;    J  wing  76-80,  ?  76-79  mm. 

4  <J(J,  4  ??  British  Guiana,  Surinam  and  Cayenne. 

2.  Cymbilanius  lineatus  intermedins,  subsp.  nov. 

cj.  The  white  cross-bars  on  the  upperside  are  slightly,  those  on  the 
underside  much  wider,  being  as  broad  as  or  broader  than  the  black  ones. 
In  the  $  the  rusty  cross-bars  are  slightly  wider  on  the  upperside,  the  bars  on 
the  outer  webs  of  the  quills  and  wing-coverts  are  wider  and  more  rufeseent, 
the  tail  has  wider  and  more  rufeseent  cross-bars,  and  the  ground-colour  is  more 
brownish,  not  so  blackish.  Underside  lighter,  the  barring  more  or  less  incomplete 
in  the  middle.     Wing  S  75-78,  ?  75-77  mm. 

Rio  Madeira,  Brazil  (terra  typica),  Santarem,  Teffe  on  the  Rio  Solimoes, 
Yquitos  in  Peru,  Chucurras  in  the  province  of  Huanuco,  Peru. 

Type  :    ?  Humaytha,  Rio  Madeira,  .31.  vii.  1906.     W.  Hoffmanns  coll. 

We  have  before  us  8  males  and  7  females  from  Humaytha,  Calama,  Borba, 
Allianca,  Uricurutaba  near  Santarem  (Lower  Amazons),  Teffe,  all  collected  by 
the  late  W.  Hoffmanns,  1  S  from  Chucurras,  and  1  ?  from  Yquitos  in  Peru, 
collected  by  H.  Whitely.  We  have  also  5  SS  and  4  $?  from  the  Caura  River, 
collected  by  Andre  and  Klages,  which  we  cannot  separate  from  these  birds. 

3.  Cymbilanius  hneatus,  subsp.  nov.  ? 
Males  from  North-west  Ecuador  have  the  white  bars  on  the  underside  even 
wider  than  in  C.  I.  intermedins,  and  in  C.  I.  fasciatus  from  Central  America,  but 
are  certainly  nearer  to  the  former  than  to  the  latter.     C.  I.  fasciatus  is  in  both 


496  NOVITATES    ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV.     IHI". 

sexes  darker  on  the  underside  than  C.  I.  intermedins.  Unfortunately  «e  have 
only  one  female  from  Xorth  Ecuador  of  ivhich  we  could  not  say  for  certain  that 
it  differs  from  those  of  intermedius,  though  the  barring  on  the  abdomen  appears 
to  be  more  sharply  defined.  We  prefer  to  await  more  material  before  deciding 
about  this  form. 

Specimens  from  West  Colombia,  judging  from  Hellmayr's  note,  Proc.  Zool. 
Soc.  London,  1911,  p.  1157,  must  be  the  same  as  our  West  Ecuadorian  ones. 

4.  Cymbilanius  liiieatus  Jasciatus  Ridgw. 

This  form,  the  male  of  which  is  very  little,  the  female,  however,  much  darker 
than  that  of  C.  I.  intermedins  and  more  resembling  that  of  C.  I.  lineaius,  is 
restricted  to  Central  America  from  Nicaragua  to  Panama.  Ridgway  (-B.  iV. 
atid  Middle  Am.  v.  p.  20)  is  wrong  in  extending  its  range  to  Peru,  and  Hellmayr 
(Proc.  Zool.  Soc.  1911,  p.  1157)  is  mistaken  in  stating  that  birds  from  West 
Ecuador  arc  true  fasciatus. 

We  have  of  this  form  3  <Jo,  2  $?  from  Costa  Rica  and  Panama. 

Note  on  Thamiiophilus  naevius  auct. 

We  learn  from  Ridgway  (5.  N.  and  Middle  Amer.  v.  p.  49)  that  the  correct 
name  of  this  species  is  Thamnophilus  (Erionotus)  punctatus.  Gmelin's  Lanius 
naevius  of  -p.  308  cannot  be  used,  because  he  had  already  a  Lanius  naevius  on 
p.  304,  which  is  evidently  a  Tityra.  Lanius  punctatus  Shaw,  Gen.  Zool.  vri.  pt.  2, 
p.  327  (1809)  is  based  on  Levaillant's  "  Le  Tachet  "  from  Cayenne  {Lev.  Ois. 
d'Afriqiie,  ii.  pi.  77,  fig.  1).     Therefore  the  Cayenne  form  is 

Thamnophilus  punctatus  punctatus  (Shaw). 

Hellmayr  (Abh.  Bayer.  Akad.  2  Kl.  xxii.  Bd.  iii.  Abt.  pp.  658-660,  1906)  states 
that  Th.  punct.  atrinncha  is  found  in  Bogota  collections.  Our  Bogota  females, 
however,  have  the  cro\\n  of  the  head  chestnut,  if  anything  a  little  darker 
than  in  $  Th.  p.  punctatus,  and  not  rusty  brown  or  "  russet  or  mars  brown  " 
as  Ridgway  calls  it,  lilce  the  females  of  Th.  p.  atrinticha.  The  underside  is  slightly 
more  brownish.  On  the  other  hand  the  males  seem  generally  to  agree  better 
with  those  of  atrinncha,  except  that  the  entire  crown  is  of  a  uniform  black,  almost 
to  the  bill,  the  sides  of  the  head  are  uniform  grey  as  in  Th.  p.  punctatus,  without 
or  with  very  fine  white  hair-like  lines  on  the  ear-coverts,  and  the  superciliary 
region  is  uniform,  not  mottled  as  in  atrinucha.  The  back  of  the  Bogota  form 
is  much  like  that  of  atrinncha,  i.e.  darker,  with  more  black.  The  bills  agree 
with  those  of  punctatus,  while  those  of  atrinucha  are  larger.  We  propose  to  name 
this  intermediate  race 

Thamnophilus  punctatus  interpositus,  subsp.  nov. 

Type  :  (J  ad.,  Native  Bogota  collections,  in  the  Tring  Museum.  (Ex.  Coll. 
Nehrkorn,  typical  Bogota  preparation). 

Several  females  from  Jimenez,  W.  Colombia,  Palmer  coll.,  in  the  British 
Museum  are  typic&l  atrinncha.  Hellmayr,  Proc.  Zool.  Soc.  1911,  p.  1158,  also 
affirms  this.     Two  Bogota  specimens  in  the  British  Museum  fully  agree  with  ours. 

Th.  albiventris,   at  least  what  we  call  albiventris  from  West  Colombia  and 


NOVITATES    ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV.     1917.  497 

Bogota  collections,  differs  in  both  sexes  by  the  much  paler  underside  and  middle 
of  abdomen  more  or  less  white. 

We  have  examined  the  following  material  in  the  Tring  Museum  besides 
that  of  the  British  Museum  : 

T.  p.  punclaius  :    24   So,   19  ??• 
T.  p.  inter positus  :    4  cJ<J,  5  ??. 
T.  p.  atrinucha  :    16  ^(J,  9  ??. 
T.  albiventris  :    8   (J<J,   11  $?. 

On  the  subspecies  of  Thamnophilus  doliatus. 

Th.  doliatus  doliatus  (L.)  (terra  typica  substit.  Surinam  !)  i^  the  darkest  of 
all  the  South  American  forms  of  this  species. 

Distribution  :    Surinam,  Cayenne,  and  parts  of  British  Guiana. 

Th.  doliatus  fraterculus  Berlp.  and  Hart,  (terra  typica  Altagracia  on  the 
Orinoco  !).     Cf.  Nov.  Zool.  1902,  p.  70. 

Distribution  :  Orinoco  region,  Trinidad.  Specimens  from  Merida  and  the 
Tachira  district  seem  to  us  to  be  absolutely  indistinguishable  from  fraterculus. 
Todd  (Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Washington  xxvi.  1913,  p.  172)  described  a  male  from 
Tocuyo,  collected  by  Carriker,  as  Th.  dol.  heteroleucxis  ;  he  says  that  it  is  \\'hiter 
than  fraterculus.  No  mention  is  made  of  the  size  of  wing  or  bill,  nor  is  the  female 
described  !  Two  males  from  San  Esteban  near  Puerto  Cabello  are  indistinguish- 
able from  fraterculus.  We  are,  therefore,  afraid  that  heteroleucus  will  be  a 
synonym  of  the  latter. 

Th.  doliatus  tobagensis  subsp.  nov.,  Tobago  Island. 

Very  near  to  fraterculus.  In  the  male  the  whole  underside  is  generally  a 
little  more  whitish,  the  throat  distinctly  more  white, the  black  spots  mostly  smaller 
and  broken  up,  not  in  lines  as  in  fraterculus.  Sides  of  head  distinctly  more 
white.  $  paler  underneath,  especially  on  the  throat,  which  is  quite  unspotted. 
3  wing  73-82,  $  73-78  mm. 

Type  :  o  ad.,  Plymouth,  Tobago  Island,  23.  iv.  1903.  Collected  by  Pasea, 
one  of  Andre's  collectors. 

Th.  doliatus  catus  Bangs  (terra  typica  Margherita  Island). 

We  have  only  one  S  from  Margherita  Island,  collected  by  Lt.  W.  Robinson, 
and  9  males  and  14  females  from  Cumana,  which  agree  perfectly  with  the  Marghe- 
rita form.  The  bills  of  these  birds  are  distinctly  smaller  than  those  of  fraterculus 
and  tohagensis.  The  underside  of  the  males  is  lOie  that  of  tohagensis,  but  the 
throat  marked  as  in  fraterculus.  The  females  are  very  similar  to  those  of 
tohagensis,  but  the  throat  is  more  or  less  spotted  as  in  a  Margherita  female  in 
the  British  Museum.  Wings  <?  70-75,  5  70-72  mm.  The  measurements  given 
by  Bangs  for  catus  must  be  too  small,  for  even  if  the  wing  is  not  stretched  on  the 
ruler,  our  Margherita  male  has  a  wing  of  fully  70  mm.,  and  in  no  form  of  doliatus 
is  the  female  larger  than  the  male.  The  one  Margherita  female  we  have  seen 
has  a  wing  of  70  mm. 

Th.  doliatus  suhradiatus  Berlp.  (terra  typica  Yquitos,  Upper  Amazonia). 
The  males  differ  from  the  former  subspecies  by  having  the  crown  mixed  with  less 
white,  and  sometimes  without  any  white,  and  the  females  are  deeper  rufous. 
(Th.  variegaticeps  Berl.  and  Stolzm.,  Proc.  Zool.  Soc.  London  1896,  p.  379,  from 
Central  Peru,  La  Merced,  is  evidently  indistinguishable  from  suhradiatus.) 


498  NOVITATES    ZOOLOGICAE    XXIV.     1917. 

The  following  material  is  in  the  Tring  Museum,  in  addition  to  which,  that  of 
the  British  Museum  has  been  examined  : 

T.  (J.  doliatus  :    11    o'cJ,  9  ??  ad. 
T.  d.  fratercidus  :    35  <J<J,  26  ??  ad. 
T.  d.  tohagensis  :    8   o"o,  7  ??  ad. 
T.  d.  cat  us  :    12   ^Jo^   14  ??  ad. 
T.  d.  submdiatus  :    7  <?<?,  6  ??  ad. 
T.  d.  difpcilis  :    8   oo^  6  92  ad. 

r.  nigrescens  occurs  together  with  T.  d.  doliatus,  and  judging  from  the 
description  {Field  3Iiis.  of  Nat.  Hist.  vol.  i.  No.  7,  p.  290,  and  No.  10,  p.  337) 
a  race  of  it  has  been  described  from  Zulia.  Venezuela. 

Thaninophilus  bernardi  baroni,  subsp.  nov. 

A  series  of  seven  skins  in  the  Tring  and  British  Museums  collected  by  0.  T. 
Baron  in  North-west  Peru  (TrujiUo  and  Yonan  River)  differ  from  typical  T.  b. 
bernardi  from  GuyaquU,  Puna  I.,  and  Tumbez  (Brit.  Mus.)  in  both  sexes  being 
much  darker  above,  especially  the  females,  which  are  rich  dark  chestnut  mstead 
of  brown  or  brownish  chestnut ;  ear-coverts  and  sides  of  the  head  in  the  female 
more  blackish  ;  bill  generally  longer.  Wings  also  longer.  W'ings  in  the  males 
86-88,  in  the  females  80  mm.,  as  against  typical  males  with  wings  measuring 
Guayaquil  80,  Puna  I.  81,  females  Guayaquil  75,  Puna  I.  76.  Birds  from  Puna 
Island  are  slightly  more  greyish  above  and  therefore  slightly  paler  than  birds 
from  Guayaquil. 

Type:  o  ad.,  Yonan  River,  3,000  ft.,  north-east  of  Trujillo,  15.  vi.  1894. 
0.  T.  Baron  coU. 

Note  on  Myrmeciza  longipes  griseipectus. 

There  is  a  curious  variation  in  the  males  of  this  subspecies,  and  there  are 
probably  several  forms  of  it.  It  was  described,  under  the  name  of  Myrmeciza 
swainsotti  griseipectus  from  the  Orinoco,  the  type  being  from  Caicara.  The  four 
Caicara  specimens  have  all  a  very  light  rufous  upperside  and  small  black  spots 
on  the  wings.  Seven  Guiana  specimens  have  the  same  light  rufous  colour  of  the 
upperside  and  no  black  spots  on  the  wings  or  only  indications  of  the  latter.  The 
specimen  from  Munduapo  (one)  and  four  from  the  Caura  River  are  darker  chest- 
nut and  have  all  large,  strongly  marked  black  spots  on  the  wings.  The  two 
o  birds  from  Obidos,  on  the  Amazons  River,  are  quite  as  dark  as  those  from  the 
Caura  and  Munduapo,  and  equally  heavily  spotted.  The  females  of  all  the  sub- 
species of  longipes  have  spotted  wings. 

Therefore  there  seem  to  be  three  different  subspecies  instead  of  one,  because 
in  M.  longipes  longipes  (8)  and  pananiensis  the  males  (6)  have  always  unspotted 
wings  and  the  variation  in  the  shade  of  rufous  on  the  upperside  is  small. 

Further  material  should  be  examined,  to  clear  these  questions. 

Synallaxis  luiirufa  meridana,  subsp.  nov. 

Differs  from  8.  unirufa  unirufa  by  its  darker,  more  rufous  colour  throughout, 
and  especiall}'  the  dark-chestnut  tail,  which  is  much  darker  than  the  rest  of 
the  upperside,  while  in  S.  unirufa  unirufu  the  tail  is  almost  uniform  with  the 
head  and  back.     Wings  59-62,  tail  90  mm. 


NOVITATES  ZOOLOaiCAE  XXIV.    1917.  499 

Habitat  :  Andes  of  Merida  (Escorial,  3,000  ni.  ;   Walle,  2,l(i5  m.). 

Type  :    J  ad.  Escorial,  15.  v.  1903,  Salomon  Briceiio  Gabaldon  &  Sons  coll. 

We  have  a  male,  apparently  not  quite  adult,  collected  by  0.  T.  Baron  at 
Guayabamba,  5,500  ft.,  on  September  23,  1894.  This  bird  closely  resembles 
topo-tyfjical  Bogota  birds,  but  is  stUl  a  little  lighter  on  the  upperside,  and  the 
bill  is  shorter  than  in  Colombian  and  Merida  specimens. 

Sclateria  naevia  trinitatis,  subsp.  nov. 

o  ad.  Upper-  and  underside  much  jDaler  than  in  8.  n.  naevia,  more  slaty  grey 
than  dark  slate-colour  ;  there  is  generally  more  white  on  the  underside,  especially 
on  the  throat.  $  ad.  Also  much  paler  on  the  upper-  and  underside,  the  white 
centres  to  the  feathers  of  the  breast  and  abdomen  mostly  larger.  Size  the  same 
as  that  of  S.  n.  naevia. 

Hab.  :    Trinidad. 

Type:    S  Caparo,  Trinidad,  10.  iv.  1902.     E.  Andre  coll. 

We  have  received  4  cjr?  and  2  $5  from  Caparo,  Andre  coll.,  and  a  o  and  a  $ 
from  Savana  Grande,  Trinidad,  18.  ii.  1897,  Dr.  Percy  Rendall  coll. 

Of  S.  naevia  naevia  wc  have  before  us  three  males  and  two  females  from 
Cayenne,  three  males  and  one  female  from  Surinam,  and  a  female,  collected  by 
F.  Schwanda  at  Miritiba,  State  of  Maranhao,  Brazil,  18.  ii.  1908.  This  seems 
to  be  quite  a  new  locality  for  this  species,  though  Dr.  Snethlage  records  it  from 
Para,  Ilha  das  Onfas,  St.  Antonio  do  Prata,  and  Rio  Acara. 

The  subspecies  of  Pseudocolaptes  boissonneautii. 

Hellmayr  and  SeOern,  Archiv  /.  Naturg.  Ixxviii.  p.  99  (1912)  gave  a  short 
review  of  the  subspecies  of  P.  boissonneautii,  but  the  case  is  not  so  simple,  and 
much  more  complicated,  than  they  thought. 

We  have  nothing  to  say  about  P.  boissonneauiii  slriaticeps  from  the  coast- 
mountains  in  Northern  Venezuela,  which  is  quite  distinguishable,  but  we  cannot 
unite  the  birds  from  Merida,  of  which  we  have  12  adult  and  2  juvenile  specimens, 
with  the  typical  boissonneautii  from  Colombia.  They  differ  fi'om  the  latter  not 
only  in  the  throat  being  distinctly  yellowish  as  in  striaticeps,  but  there  are  also 
other  differences.  The  chest  has  a  less  scaly  appearance,  as  the  feathers  have 
no  blackish  edges  and  are  more  yellowish  ;  the  abdomen  is  generally,  but  not 
always  distinctly  lighter,  but  the  tail  is  always  lighter  from  above  and  below. 
Ill  our  opinion  the  Merida  form  is  therefore  undoubtedly  nearer  related  to 
striaticeps  than  to  P.  b.  boissonneautii.  In  fact  it  differs  from  striaticeps  only 
in  the  more  blackish  crown  of  the  head,  the  less  scaly  chest,  and  the  lighter 
rump  and  tail,  and  under  wing-coverts  and  lining  of  the  wing.  The  length  of 
the  bill  is  variable,  differing  accordmg  to  sex  and  age,  and  also  individually. 
'We  call  this  form 

Pseudocolaptes  boisonneautii  meridae,  subsp.  nov. 

Type  :  "  J  "  (but  evidently  $,  having  the  bill  very  Long),  Vale  of  Merida, 
IG.  ii.  1888,  Salomon  BrLcono  Gabaldon  coll.  (Tring  Museum). 

OiJy  one  form  has  been  recognised  in  Peru,  but  this  cannot  be  quite  correct. 
P.  boissonneautii  flavescens  was  described  from  Marajmioc  (cotype  in  Tring)  in 
Central  Peril,  whidh  is  the  ttorra  typHca.  thotigb  a  skin  from  CuferVo  in  NorthLTii 


500  NOVITATES    ZOOLOOICAE    XXIV.     1U17. 

Peru  was  united  with  it,  while  it  is  specially  said  that  the  Bolivian  bird  differed 
in  having  yellowish  ear-tufts,  tliose  from  Peru  having  white  ones.  The  bill  wa.s 
specially  described  as  short,  compared  with  the  typical  Bogota  form.  Now  0.  T. 
Baron  collected  a  series  of  eight  specimens  at  an  elevation  of  10,000  ft.  near  Leima- 
bamba,  and  these  differ  strikingly  from  flavescens  (which  is  supposed  to  be  a 
synonym  of  aiiritus  Tsch.)  in  having  a  very  long  and  straight  bill,  and  a  lighter 
rump  and  tail,  \\\\\\e  the  ear-tufts  are  really  pure  ^\■hite,  which  cannot  be  said, 
in  our  opinion,  of  the  type  of  flavescens  from  JNIaraynioc.  The  description  of 
auritiis  by  Tschudi  seems  to  us  to  agree  lietter  w  ith  the  birds  from  Leimabamba, 
especially  the  length  of  the  bill. 

All  our  Ecuadorian  skins,  collected  by  Goodfellow  and  Hamilton,  differ 
from  the  Peruvian  ones  in  having  pure  white  throats,  and  not  the  light  tail  of 
the  birds  from  Leimabamba,  while  they  differ  from  the  Bogota  ones  in  their 
much  darker  chestnut  tails. 

To  decide  about  these  forms  it  will  be  necessary  to  examine  Tschudi's  type 
and  more  material  from  Central  Peru  and  Bolivia.  Ta\o  specimens  from  Bolivia 
in  the  British  Museum  agree  with  our  cotype  of  flavescens. 

Note  on  Philydor  erythrocercus. 

Arranging  our  specimens  of  Philydor  erythrocercus  we  find  that  there  are 
three  distinct  groups,  evidently  representing  three  different  subspecies. 

The  skins  from  Caycmie  (Cherrie  coll.)  are  slightly  more  olivaceous  on  the 
upperside,  the  rufous  patch  on  the  lesser  upper  wing-coverts  hardly  traceable, 
the  outer  edges  of  the  outer  webs  of  the  primaries  olive  without  any  rufous  tinge 
whatever.  Bill  slender,  length  from  nostril  to  tip  in  males  12'5-13,  females  12  mm. 
These  birds  agree  perfectly  with  one  of  Pelzeln's  original  specimens  collected  by 
Natterer  on  the  upjier  Rio  Negro.     Therefore  these  birds  must  be  called 

Philydor  erythrocercus  erythrocercus. 

Specimens  from  Paia,  collected  by  Wallace,  Steerc,  Robert,  and  Hoffmanns, 
differ  at  a  glance  by  having  the  outer  webs  to  the  primaries  lighter  and  with  a 
conspicuous  rufous  tinge,  the  whole  upperside  less  olivaceous,  the  rufous  patch 
on  the  lesser  upper  wing-coverts  more  conspicuous,  except  in  juvenile  birds. 
The  bill  is  of  the  same  shape  as  in  the  Cayenne  birds. 

One  male  and  four  females  from  Calama  on  the  Rio  ]\ladeii'a,  collected  by 
W.  Hoffmanns  in  1907  agree  in  coloration  with  the  Para,  birds,  but  the  bills 
are  thicker  and  less  elongated,  not  so  slender,  measuring  from  the  nostril  10  to 
11  (5  mm. 

George  K.  Cherrie,  Bull.  Am.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.  xxxv.  p.  ISO,  1916,  described 
a  new  subspecies  which  he  called 

Philydor  erythrocercus  lyra 

from  the  '•  Rio  Roosevelt,"  Matto  Grosso,  from  a  single  female.  Measui-ement 
of  bill  not  given.  This  new  form  seems  to  agree  with  our  birds  from  Para  and 
Rio  Madeira  in  coloration,  and  must  be  either  of  thom,  if  they  are  different  sub- 
species, which  seems  to  us  evident,  but  should  be  confirmed  by  bigger  series. 

It  may  be  added  that  in  this  species  the  males  are  larger  than  the  females, 
thb  wing  of  the  latter  being  about  half  a  centimetre  shortter. 


NOVITATES   ZOOLOOICAE   XXIV.    1917.  501 

Coryphistera  alaudina  campicola  Todd. 

In  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Washington  xxviii.  jx  170  (1915)  W.  E.  Clyde  Todd  de- 
scribed a  specimen  collected  by  Steinbach  at  Guanacos,  Bolivia,  under  the  above 
name.  We  have  a  skin  collected  by  the  same  field-collector  at  Yuay,  provincia 
Cordillera,  South  Bolivia,  at  an  altitude  of  450  m.,  which  would  seem  to  belong 
to  this  new  form  ;  the  description  of  the  upperside  agrees,  but  we  should  rather 
say  that  the  underside  was  brighter  and  more  boldly  striped  ;  moreover,  there 
is  a  striking  difference  in  the  coloration  of  the  tail,  tlie  outer  four  pairs  of  rectrices 
having  much  more  black  than  our  five  specimens  from  Tucuman,  Argentina. 


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FAMILY 

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ANU 

KARL  JORDAN,  M.A.L.,  Ph.D. 
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FRINTED  BY   HAZCLL,   WATSON   AND   VINEV,   I.D.,    I.ONIiON   AND   AYJ.KSSCUY. 


N0VITATE8  ZOOLOGICAE. 


H  Journal  of  XooloQ^ 


KDITED    BY 


LOED   ROTHSCHILD,  F.R.S.,  Ph.D., 
Dr.  ERNST   HARTERT.  and  Dr.   K.  JORDAN. 


Vol.    XXIV. 

^, 

No.   4. 

Pages    503—528. 

Plates  XI.  and  XII. 

Issued  March  1918,  at  the  Zoouigical  Museum.  Tiu.nm 


PRINTEli    EY    HAZULU    WATSON"    .<^    VINKV.    Ld„    J.ONLiON    AM)    AVI.IOMinjV 

1918. 


Vol.   XXIV. 

NOVITATES  ZOOLOGICAE. 

EDITED  BT 

LORD    ROTHSCHILD,    ERNST    HARTERT,    and  KARL  JORDAN. 


CONTENTS     OF    NO.     IV. 

PAGES 

INDEX  TO  VOLUME   XXIV 503—528 

(TITLE-PAGE   AND   CONTENTS  TO   VOLUME   XXIV.) 


INDEX. 


abdelkader  (Cercyonis),  108,  109. 

—  (Satyrus),  103,  105,  107,  108,  109,  322. 
abilis  (Zeteticontus),  147. 

abnegata  (Dysphania),  294. 
abyssinica  (Haplojana),  489. 

—  (Zosterops),  454. 
abyssinicus  (Coracias),  455. 
Acara,  22,  49,  52,  57. 
acasta  (Melittobia),  227. 
Accentor,  455,  460. 
Accipiter,  273,  275,  455. 
Ackerontia,  325,  332. 
Achnocampa,  361. 
Achroea,  27. 

Achroia,  17,  20,  44. 

Achrysocharis,  211. 

Acracona,  20,  30. 

acraeina  (Melitaea),  102. 

Aero  basis,  51. 

acrocausta  (Harpagoneura),  32. 

—  (Tirathaba),  32. 
Acrooephalus,  455,  458. 
Acrojana,  492. 

actaea  (Minois),  108,  109. 

—  (Papilio),  108. 

—  (Satyrus),  108,  109. 
acte  (Berta),  302. 
acutidivisa  (Apella),  262. 
Acypera.s,  22,  52. 
acyperella  (Metaclirysia),  30. 
adaena  (Ocnogyna),  394,  395. 
adansonii  (Francolinus),  290. 
adaptella  (Lamoria),  50,  51. 

—  (Pempelia),  51. 
adippe  (Argynnis),  97. 
admirabilis  (Idalus),  476. 
adusta  (Naprepa),  231. 
adustalis  (Epimorius),  46. 
acgeria  (Pararge),  113. 
aegidia  (Aphomia),  40. 

—  (Melissoblaptes),  40. 
aegretta  (Problep.sis),  431,  432. 
aegyptiaca  (Euchloe),  81. 

—  (Pachygastria),  362. 
aegyptiacus  (Porphyrio),  265. 

34 


aegyptius  (Milvus),  455. 
aemula  (Allomphale),  210. 
aequatorialis  (Rhynchocyolus),  415. 
Aerops,  455,  462. 
aeruginosa  (Habrolepis),  156. 
aeruginosus  (Tetrastichus),  212,  223. 
aestivalis  (Smerinthus),  326,  327. 
aetheomorpha  (Scopula),  312. 
aetlierie  (Melitaea),  98,  99,  ,321. 
afer  (Eupelmus),  160. 
affinis  (Antiora),  232. 

—  (Cotana),  472. 

—  (Dyspessa),  408. 

—  (Heterogynis),  346. 

—  (Idalus),  476. 

—  (Micromelus),  177. 

—  (Spatalia),  231. 

—  (Stauropus),  245. 
africana  (Coturnix),  420^. 

—  (Hylopbila),  405. 

—  (Semidalis),  151. 
agasta  (Hypolophota),  43. 
Agdistis,  44. 

Agdistopis,  17,  20,  43,  44. 
agnatus  (Tetrastichus),  212,  215,  217. 
agramma  (Melissoblaptes),  42. 
alaschanicus  (Phasianus),  448,  452. 
alaudina  (Coryphistera),  501. 

alba  (Motacilla),  454. 
Albarracina,  359. 
albaserrati  (Cotana),  471. 

—  (Hypercydas),  471. 
albeola  (Ilema),  401. 
albescens  (Lambessa),  366. 

—  (Ocnogyna),  394. 

—  (Trichosoma),  394. 
albicollis  (Aerops),  455,  462. 
albidiee  (Leucochloe),  75,  76. 

—  (Pieris),  75,  319. 
albidior  (Idalus),  475. 

—  (Melanothrix),  463. 
albifascialis  (Picrogama),  47. 
albifimbria  (Comostola),  304. 
albifu.sa  (Aphomia),  39. 
albiscapus  (Eucomys),  142,  143,  144. 

503 


504 


albiacapus  (Francoliiius),  291). 
albiscripta  (Cascera),  246,  247. 
albistriata  (Phycitodes),  27. 

—  (Statia),  26. 
albivencsa  (Satyrus),  62. 
albiventris  (Tharano|)liilu.s),  406,  497. 
albiveite.x  (Anaccsymbia),  423. 
albivittella  (Anerastidia),  27,  28. 
albobrunnea  (Chadisra),  251. 
albolineatus  (Picolaptes),  417. 
albomaculata  (Cotana).  473. 

—  (Nerviconipressa),  473. 
alboseriata  (Racheospila),  376,  377. 
albostigmata  (Cargetta),  256. 
albotestacea  (Zatrephes),  476. 
albo-torquatus  (Phasianus),  452. 
albovenosana  (Earias),  405. 
alboviridls  (Stauropu.s),  244. 
alcippus  (Danais),  93. 

alcyone  (Satyrus),  102,  103. 
Alectoris,  275-81,292. 
algerienf?i3  (Bombyx),  361. 

—  (Diplura),  361,  362. 

—  (Dyspessa),  407. 

—  (Eudagria),  407. 

—  (Hepialiscus),  405. 

algira  (Zygaena),  62,  63,  338-10. 
algirica  (Anthocharis),  84. 

—  (Eiichloe),  80-2,  83,  84,  88,  319. 

—  (Euinenis),  104. 

—  (Melitaea),  98,  99,  321. 

—  (Notolophus),  351,  352,  353. 

—  (Ocneria),  358. 

—  (Procris),  345. 

—  (Satyrus),  104,  322. 
algiricum  (Notolophus).  352. 

—  (Trichosoraa),  3.52. 
alhambra  (Euchloe),  82. 
allardi  (Cigaritis),  64. 

—  (Zygaena),  341. 
alleni  (Porphyrio),  267. 
allionii  (Satyrus),  104. 
AUomphale,  210. 
allotmeta  (Tricentra),  387. 
Allotriozoon,  123,  124. 
allottei  (Troidcs),  426. 
alperakyi  (Phasiamis),  448,  452. 
alpicola  (Malacosoma),  360,  361. 
alternans  (Melanothri.x),  463,  465,  466. 
altirostris  (Galerida),  439-41. 
alvearia  (Galleria),  44. 

alypeta  (Heteroraicta),  43. 
Amaxia,  477. 

amenocles  (Chalcis),  122,  129. 
Ammoperdix.  281,282. 
Amorpha,  325,  326.  332,  373,  409. 
amurensis  (Laothe),  263. 
Amusidea,  195. 


amydrastis  (Heteromicta),  21,  42 

—  (Hypolophota),  42. 
Amydrus,  456. 
Anacosymbia,  432. 
Anacryptus,  129,  130. 
Anas,  275. 
Anastato,  164. 

anceps  (Notolophus),  3.54. 

—  (Orgyia),  354. 
androgyne  (Anthocliaris),  78. 

—  (Euchloe),  77,  78. 
anella  (Lamoria),  51. 

—  (Tinea),  39,  51. 
Anerastidia,  20,  27,  28. 
angelica  (Arctia),  398. 

—  (Chelonia),  398. 
angolensis  (Anthus),  458. 
angulata  (Papilio),  68,  69. 
angustata  (Pyrrhorachis),  305. 
angustisignata  (C'elerena),  293. 
Anisephyra,  306. 
anisoetena  (Chloropteryx),  377. 
Anisodes,  384. 

Anita,  256. 

anniilifer(Berta),  302. 

annulifera  (lodis),  302. 

Antaea,  263. 

Antaxia,  479. 

antennali.s  (Hemiptarsenus),  208. 

antlie  (Philareta),  109. 

Autliocharis,  78,  79,  80,  84,  85,  88. 

Anthreptes,  323. 

Anthrocephalus,  133,  134. 

Anthus,  454,  457. 

anticosma  (Picrogama),  47. 

antigone  (Hemistola),  300. 

Antiora,  232. 

Antiptilotis,  20,  35. 

antiqua  (Notolophus),  350. 

Antitrygodes,  307,  308. 

Anumela,  63. 

Anydrophila.  64. 

Apaidia,  403. 

Apantesis,  397,  438. 

Apella,  262. 

Aphomia,  17,  21,  37.  38-47,  55. 

Aphyco.  149. 

aphyeoides  (Symphycus),  149,  150. 

apiaster  (Merops),  455. 

apicalis  (Drepanojana),  466. 

apicirubra  (Ptochophyle),  433. 

apiculatus  (Stauropus),  245. 

apollo  (Parnassius),  319. 

Apona.  486,  487. 

Aporia,  73,  319. 

appoUinaria  (Problepsis),  312. 

approximans  (Seirarctia),  483. 

Aprostoceto,  214. 


505 


arabica  (CLsticola),  454,  458.         • 

—  (Emberiza),  454,  457. 

—  (Fringillaria),  454,  457. 
arabicus  (Anthus),  454,  457,  4.58. 
arabistaniciis  (Francolinus),  289. 
arabs  (Otis),  292. 

—  (Zosterops),  454. 

arabum  (Arctia),  397,  398,  409. 

—  (Chelonia),  397. 
araratica  (Melitaea),  100. 
arcanioides  (Coenonympha),  117,  322. 

—  (Satyrua),  117. 
Archigalleria,  21,  55,  58. 
Arctia,  327.  397.  398,  409. 
Arctornis,  355,  356. 
ai'descens  (Mauna),  435. 
arenaria  (Calidris),  7. 
arenarius  (Caccabis),  277. 

—  (Pterocles),  284,  286. 

—  (Tetrao),  284. 
Arenipses,  19,  36. 
Arge,  109. 

arge  (Melanargia),  110,  111. 
argentisquama  (Problepsiodes),  311. 

—  (Problepsi-s),  311. 
arguta  (Boarmia),  315. 
argutaria  (lodis),  301. 
Argya,  455. 
Argynnis,  96-8,  321. 
Argyris,  311,430. 
Arhacia,  238. 
Arichalca,  342. 

aridula  (CLsticola),  454,  458. 

aries  (Cossus),  405. 

arizonensis  (Tropidogastra),  179. 

armoricana  (Perdix),  284. 

aroa  (Cotana),  469. 

—  (Nervicompressa),  469. 

Aitaxa,  356,  409. 

arthus-bertrand  (Rhodogastria),  485. 

aryrostrota  (Balaenifrons),  58. 

asemus  (Rhynohocyclus),  415. 

asiae  (Francolinus).  289,  290. 

Asio,  267.  292. 

assimilis  (Rhynchocyclus),  414. 

asthenia  (Cercomela),  461. 

asthenistis  (Corcyra),  36. 

astreas  (Rhodogastria),  485. 

Astur,  455. 

asymphora  (Semaeopus),  384. 

atalanta  (Papilio).  93, 

—  (Pyrameis),  93,  321. 
Athahptis,  21,  45. 
atlantica  (Liparis),  357,  358. 

—  (Pieris),  75. 

—  (Psilura),  357. 

—  (Saturnia),  371.  372. 
atlanticus  (Smerinthus),  326,  373. 


atlantis  (Satyrus),  108. 
atlantpyri  (Saturnia),  372. 
atomosa  (Celama).  403. 

—  (Glaphyra),  403. 
atratus  (Crossogaster),  125. 
atricapilla  (Parisoma),  454. 
atrinucha  (Tliamnophilus),  496,  497. 
atrocyanea  (Mesopeltis),  197,  198. 
atropos  (Acherontia),  325,  332. 

—  (Sphinx),  325. 
atropurpurea  (Melanothrix),  463. 
atroviolacea  (Cerocephala),  188. 
attenuata  (Problepsis),  311. 
Atychia,  343. 

Atyria,  391. 

auceps  (Notolophus),  355. 

aucta  (Thalassodes),  296. 

aurantiaca  (Amorpha),  326. 

aurantiacella  (Acyperas),  52. 

aurata  (Zygaena),  333,  334,  336. 

aureifloris  (DLscoglypha),  306,  307. 

auresiana  (Argynnis),  97. 

aurieulifera  (Problepsis),  311. 

auriflua  (Arctornis),  355,  356. 

aurita  (Saxicola),  10,  16. 

auritus  (Pseudocolaptes),  500. 

aurivilliusi  (Jana),  488. 

aurora  (Crambomorpha),  32. 

ausonia  (Euchloe),   80,   81,   82,   83,   84,   85, 

319,  ,353. 
auspicata  (Gelasma),  295. 
austauti  (Amorpha),  325,  332,  373. 

—  (Coenonympha),  118,  322. 

—  (Smerinthus),  325,  326. 
austrahs  (Zygaena),  338. 
austrina  (Galleria),  53. 
Automohs,  480,  481. 
Aximopsis,  140,  141. 
ayesha  (Francolinus),  291. 
bachaga  (Zygaena),  338,  339. 
bakeri  (Cerocephala),  188. 

—  (Cotana),  473. 

—  (Nervicompressa),  473. 

—  (Por«ana),  271,  272,  273,  274. 

—  (Procris),  344. 
Balaenifrons,  23,  57,  58. 
baldami  (Coturnix),  421. 
Bapara,  37,  41. 
Baradesa,  258. 

barbara  (Alectoris),  275,  276,  277. 

—  (Perdix),  276. 
barbatus  (Gypaetus),  455. 

—  (Pycnonotus).  267,  292. 
Bardaxima,  234. 

baroni  (Tliamnnphilus),  498. 
l)ar.yptera  (Jlelissoblaptes).  42. 
basifera  (Eragisa),  234. 
basiplaga  (Rifargia).  255. 


506 


basisignata  (Trygodes),  385. 

belemia  (Euchloe),  85,  86,  87   88   319. 

Belenois,  75. 

belia  (Euchloe),  77.  78,  80.  82,  83,  31U. 

—  (Papilio),  77. 
bellicttsa  (Hirundinea),  411. 
bellieri  (Procris).  345. 

berezowskyi  (Phasianus),  445,  446,  451. 
bergii  (Phaaianus).  449,  451. 
berlepschi  (Dendrexetastes),  416. 

—  (Dendrocolaptes),  416. 

—  (Rhynchocyclus),  415. 
Ijernardi  (Tliamiiophilus),  498. 
Berta,  302,  303. 

be.skei  (Crinodes),  235. 

I)iagi  (Paracydas),  467. 

bianchii  (Phasianus),  444,  445,  450. 

bicalcaratus  (Francolinus),  267,  290,  291. 

bicalcordus  (Francolinus),  291. 

bicolor  (Euplectrus),  122,  204. 

—  (Pteiomalus),  204. 

—  (Utetheisa),  400. 

bifida  (Cerura),  346,  347.  348. 
bilineella  (Microchlora),  25. 

—  (Prasinoxena),  24. 
biuaria  (Drepana),  393. 
bipartita  (Camarunia),  491. 
biplaga  (Rifargia).  254. 
bipuncta  (Bombyx),  401. 

—  (Cargetta),  257. 

—  (Embryoglossa),  55. 

—  (Ilema),  401. 
bipunctana  (.\phumia),  39. 

—  (Melia),  51. 

bipunctanus  (Melissoblapte.s),  39,  51. 
bipunctella  (Hypostropha),  28. 
bipunctus  (Stauropus),  246. 
bisecta  (Cotana),  468. 

—  (Scalmicauda),  260. 
bisinuata  (Rhodostrophia),  .306. 
biskrensis  (Teracolus),  88. 
bispinosae  (Hockeriae),  132. 
Blacicus,  410,  411. 
blanfordi  (Parisoma),  454,  459. 

—  (Sylvia),  454.  459. 
Blastophaga,  124. 
Blastothrix,  150,  151. 
Boarmia,  314,  315,  316. 
boarula  (Jlotacilla),  454. 
boetica  (Melitaea),  98. 

—  (Ocnogyna),  394. 

—  (Trichosoma),  394. 
bogdanovi  (Francolinus),  289. 
bogdanowi  (Phasianus),  449. 
bogotensis  (Elacnia),  411. 

—  (Tyrannula),  410. 
bohndorffi  (Anthus),  458. 
boissonneautii  (Beudocolaptes),  499. 


Bombus,  17. 

Bombyx,  19,  44,  359-67.  370,  371,  398-102. 

bomilcar  (Lasiocampa),  363. 

—  (Pachygastria),  362. 
bonhami  (Ammoperdix),  281. 

—  (Caccabis),  281. 

—  (Perdix),  281. 
boschas  (Anas),  275. 
Bothriothorax,  149,  151. 
bottae  (Oenanthe),  461. 
Botys,  34. 

brach}'ptera  (Gallinula),  268,  269. 

—  (Stagnicola),  268. 
brachytarsus  (Blacicus).  410,  411. 
bractea  (Lepasta),  235. 
Ijrandti  (Phasianus),  450. 
bra.siliensis  (Spalangia),  195. 
brassicae  (Ganoris),  73. 

—  (Papilio),  73. 

—  (Pieris),  319. 
breveti  (Maenas),  396. 

—  (Ocnogyna),  395. 

—  (Phragmatobia),  396. 

—  (Trichosoma),  396. 
brevicoruis  (Stenelaciiistus),  203. 
breviplaga  (Cyllopoda),  392. 
bri.seis  (Chazara),  103.  109. 

—  (Satyrus),  103. 
Bruchobius,  176. 
brunnea  (Bombyx),  361. 

—  (Diplura),  361. 

—  (Ergavia),  376. 

—  (Macronadata),  259. 
brunnearia  (Anisephyra),  306. 
brunneo-olivacea  (Malacosoma),  361. 
brunne-scens  (Cotana),  469. 

bryata  (Racheospila),  377. 
bucephala  (Phalera),  349. 
bucephalina  (Phalera),  349. 
buceplialoides  (Malocampa),  249. 
bucharensis  (Ammoperdix),  281. 
burellus  (Melissoblaptes),  42. 
burnesi  (Gallinula),  268. 
burrowsi  (Ergavia),  374,  375. 
buryi  (Lanius),  454. 

—  (Passer),  454,  456,  457. 

—  (Scotocerca),  455. 
butleri  (Euchloe),  82,  83. 
buturlini  (Phasianus),  448,  452. 


Caccabij,  275-80,  281.  283,  292. 
cachinnans  (GalUnula),  269. 
caecaria  (Semaeopus),  383. 
eaelebs  (Cerocephala),  189. 
—  (Parasoiatheras),  189,  100, 


507 


caerulescctis  (Diglossopis),  494. 
caeruleus  (Porphyrio),  265,  268. 
caffralis  (Aphomia),  42. 
caffrella  (Lanioria),  51. 

—  (Tugela),  51. 

cagayanensis  (Anthreptes),  323. 
caja  (Arctia),  ,S27. 
oalamistis  (Melaraphia),  31. 

c   album  (Papilio),  95. 

—  (Polygonia),  95. 
Calidri.5,  7. 

caligans  (Euprepia),  399. 
calliloma  (Cotana),  474. 

—  (Hypercydas),  474. 
Callimorpha,  403. 
Callionyma,  26. 
Callionymus,  26. 
callipepla  (Ptychopoda).  390. 
Calasotere,  167. 

calvina  (Ergavia),  376. 
Camarunia,  491. 
Cambogia,  392. 
campicola  (Corypliistera).  301. 
canalensis  (HeterogynLs),  346. 
candidior  (Problepsis).  312. 
canescens  (Schistotlieca).  40. 
caniola  (Bombyx),  402. 

—  (Ilema),  401,  402. 

canorus  (Melierax),  267,  292,  455. 
cantenei'i  (Thais),  72. 
cantillans  (Mirafra),  454. 
oapensia  (Asio),  267,  292. 

—  (Coturnix),  420-2,  424. 
captus  (Anthus),  454-7,  458. 
cardigaster  (Achrysoeharis),  211. 
cardui  (Papilio),  94. 

—  (Pyrameis),  95,  321. 
Cargetta,  256,  257. 
Cargida,  232. 

carnaria  (Trioentra),  387. 
carnea  (Celerio),  328. 
earniolica  (Zygaena).  341.  342. 
Cartaletis,  428. 
Casama,  359. 
Cascera,  246-8. 
cashmeriensis  (Apona),  486. 
oaspius  (Porphyrio),  266,  267. 
Cassidae,  128. 
ca,stanella  (Doloessa),  25. 

—  (Thagora),  25. 

castaneobrunnea  (Bardaxima),  234. 
castaneolavata  (Lambessa),  365,  367. 
castaneolavatus  (Lambessa),  368. 
castaneorufa  (Cotana),  468. 
castehiaudi  (Glyphorhynclius),  418,  419. 
castissima  (Celerio),  328. 

—  (Deilcphila),  328. 
caetrensis  (Elysius),  481. 


catamompha  (Semaeopus),  381. 

caterinae  (Saxicola),  10,  11. 

catharinae  (Opharus),  482. 

Cathayia,  21,  46. 

Catopsilia,  92. 

catus  (Thamnophilus),  497,  498. 

caucasieus  (Francoli)ius),  288,  289. 

eaudipennis  (Rhodogastria),  485. 

cavasolae  (Allomphale).  210. 

caj-anensis  (Myiozetetes).  412,  413. 

cecila  (Epinephele),  116. 

cedilla  (Comostola),  304. 

eedri  (Zygaena).  336. 

Celama,  403. 

celataria  (Diplodesma),  298. 

celebensis  (Anthrepte,s),  323. 

Celerena,  293. 

Celerio,  328-30,  332. 

celerio  (Hippotion),  331,  332 

—  (Sphinx),  331. 
centonalis  (Celama),  403. 
centralasiae  (Celerio),  330 
Centrobia,  121,  228.  230. 
Ceutropua,  455. 
cephalonica  (Corcyra),  35,  36. 

—  (Melissoblaptes),  36. 
Cerapterocero,  1 57. 
cereeris  (Gallinula),  270. 
Cereomela,  455,  461. 
Cercotriclias,  455. 
Cercyonis,  108,  109. 
cerea  (Galleria),  53. 
cereana  (Tinea),  53. 
cerella  (Tinea),  53. 
Cerioclepta,  53. 
Cerocephala,  188,  189. 
Cerura,  346,  347,  348. 
cervina  (Apona),  486. 

—  (Palerisa),  486. 
C:hadisra,  251,  252. 
Chaetospila,  188. 
Chalcis,  122,  127-9. 
Chalcittella,  129. 
chalepensis  (Ruta),  318. 
Charaxes,  63,  320,  321. 
charlonia  (Antliocharis).  79. 

—  (Euchloe),  79,  319. 
charmetanti  (Artaxa),  409. 

—  (Nygmia),  409. 
Charommataea,  378. 
eharrela  (Perdix),  283. 
Chazara,  103,  109. 
Chelonia,  397,  398. 

cherriei  (Rhynchocyclus),  414,  415. 
Chilena,  368,  369  . 
chimaera  (Lirmiris),  237. 
chlamitulalis  (Celama),  403. 

—  (Pyralis),  403. 


608 


Chliora,  263. 

chlorargyra  (Comostola),  305. 
chlorella  (Statia),  26. 
ohlorigaster  (Anthreptes).  323. 
chlorion  (Earias),  405. 
chloris  (Procris),  345. 
chloronotus  (Porphyrio),  265. 
chlorophyllana  (Earias),  404. 
ChIoroptery.ic,  377,  378. 
chloropus  (Fulica),  267. 

—  (Gallinula),  267,  268-70. 
cholmleyi  (Ammoperdix),  281.  282. 
Chonderostega,  359. 

chonensis  (Phasianus),  445,  446,  451. 
chrysaugella  (Parazanelodes),  23. 
chrysippus  (Danais),  93. 

—  (Limnas),  93. 

—  (Papilio),  93. 
chrysocephala  (Bomby.K),  400. 

—  (Euprepia),  400. 
Chrysocraspeda,  313,  314,  433. 
chrysolineata  (Berta),  302,  303. 
Chrysolophus,  288. 

chrysomelas  (Phasianus),  443,  444,  450. 
chrysomeloides  (Phasianus),  450. 
chrysonome  (Pontia),  89. 

—  (Teraoolus),  75,  89. 
chrysoparalias  (Anacosymbia),  432. 
chrysoprasaria  (Hemistola),  299. 
chrysorrhoea  (Arctornus),  355. 

—  (Euproctis),  355,  356,  357. 

—  (Phalaena),  355,  356. 
chrysostathes  (Dysi)hania),  294. 
chukar  (Alectoris),  277-SO). 

—  (Caceabis),  277,  278,  279. 
chunchotambo  (Xiphoihynchus),  419. 
Cigaritis,  64. 

Cilix,  393,  394,  409. 
cincta  (Ornithospila),  295. 
cinerea  (Emberiza),  4.54. 

—  (Motaeilla),  454. 

—  (Satyrus).  105. 
cinereiceps  (Rhynchocychis),  415. 
cinereola  (Bombyx),  44. 
cinereus  (Satyrus),  105. 
cinnamomea  (Hophtis),  250. 
cinnamomeogrisea  (Polia),  63. 
cinnamomeus  (Anthus),  454. 
Cinnamopteru8,  456. 
Cinnyricinclus,  454. 

Cinnyris,  454. 

cinxia  (Melitaea),  98,  321. 

—  (Papilio),  98. 
circe  (Nythas),  109. 
cirtana  (Procris),  344. 
cissinobaphes  (Mehssoblaptes),  42. 
Cisticola,  454,  458. 

cisticola  (Cisticola),  454,  458. 


citrinaria  (Trieentra),  388. 
clara  (Seirarctia),  483. 
olathrella  (Lamoria),  51. 

—  (Tugela).  50,  51. 
cleopatra  (Gonepteryx).  91,  320. 

—  (Papilio),  91. 
Cleophana,  63. 
Cleora.  315,  435. 
Clisiocampa,  360. 
Closterocerus,  211. 
Cnemodes,  378. 
Cnethocanipa,  349. 
coacta  (Automolis),  480. 
Coccophagus,  122,  211. 
Cochhdion,  346. 
codes  (Bombyx),  364. 

—  (Pachygastria),  364,  365. 
codeti  (Cochlidion),  346. 

—  (Limacodes),  346. 

—  (Melapoceras).  64. 
Coenonympha,  117-20,  322. 
coeruleata  (lodis),  301. 
cognata  (Procris),  343,  344. 
oolchicus  (Phasianus),  442-52. 
C'oleoneura,  32. 

Colias,  89-91,  320. 
collnrio  (Enneoctonus),  454. 

—  (Lanius),  454,  458. 
collybita  (Phyllo,scopus),  455. 
colonella  (Tinea),  38. 
colossa  (Thaumetopoea),  349. 
eolossea  (Melanargia),  111. 
colossus  (Metospilus),  331. 

—  (Pergesa),  331.  332,  409. 
colpostrophia  (lodis),  301. 
Columba,  455,  462. 
combinata  (Ptychopoda).  389. 
commaculata  (Semaeopus),  381. 
Comostola,  303,  305. 
Comostolopsis,  304. 
complana  (Aphomia),  47 

—  (Harpagoneura),  33. 

—  (Picrogama),  47. 
complexa  (Harpagoneura),  32, 

—  (Tirathaba),  32. 
complexaria  (Ptychopoda),  389. 
Comys,  142.  144. 

concolor  (Cartaletis),  42X. 

—  (Pachygastria),  363. 
confisa  (Coturnix),  423,  424. 
conjuncta  (Nudaria),  403. 

—  (Paidia),  403. 
conjunctiva  (Problepsis),  309. 
constantina  (Clionderostcga),  359. 
constellata  (Doloessa),  25. 
contracta  (Diplodesma),  298. 
contractata  (Eois),  392. 
conturbans  (Coturnix),  422,  423. 


509 


convolvuli  (Sphinx),  327. 

—  (Herse),  327. 
oopiosa  (Berta),  303. 

—  (Hemithea),  297. 
Coracias,  455. 
Corcyra,  20,  35,  36. 
cordula  (Satyrus),  109. 
cornuta  (Pyrrhorachis),  305. 
coronatu.s  (Platyrhynchus),  416. 
corsicana  (Coturnix),  424. 
corjTia  (Melanothrix),  463. 
Coryphistera,  501. 

eossoides  (Nystalea),  233. 

—  (Rifargia),  254. 
co3.sula  (Tachida),  235. 
C03.SU3,  254,  405,  408. 
C03SU9  (Cossus),  405. 

—  (Phalaena),  40.5. 
C03taricen3i3  (Dendrocolaptes),  417. 
costipiincta  (Maschane),  262. 
Cotana,  466,  467,  468-74. 
Coturnix,  420-5. 

coturnix  (Coturnix),  420-5. 

Crambomorpha,  32. 

Crambus,  50,  51. 

crameri  (Euchloii),  81,  82.  83,  84,  319. 

crameria  (Euchloe),  81. 

Craspedia,  378. 

crassicornis  (Pseudanastatus),  163,  164. 

crassinotata  (Problepsis),  310. 

erassiquama  (Sphinctocera),  55. 

crataegi  (Aporia),  73,  319. 

Crateropus,  455. 

Crateulophus,  206,  207. 

Cratotrecho,  206. 

Crex,  269. 

cribraria  (Euprepia),  40(1. 

Crinodes,  235. 

cristata  (Galerida),  439,  440,  454. 

cristulalia  (Celama),  403. 

croceus  (Colias),  90,  320. 

—  (Papilio),  90. 
Crossogaster,  125,  126. 
Cryptolopha,  455. 
cucullatella  (Nola),  403. 

—  (Phalaena),  403. 
cucullatus  (Teleplionus),  292. 
cuneatus  (Glyphorhynchus),  418,  419. 

—  (Glyphyrhynchus),  419. 
cupreata  (Nobiha),  307. 
curta  (Hyponerita),  479. 

—  (Rhodogastria),  485. 
curtus  (Rhodogastria),  485. 
curvatula  (Hoplitis),  251. 
cuvieri  (Pachyrhamphus),  410. 
curvifascia  (Metanastria),  453. 
cyane  (Dy3phania),  294. 
cyauescens  (Habrocytus),  175. 


Cyanopica,  493. 
cyanus  (Cyanopica),  493. 
cyclophora  (Aphomia),  41. 
Cyclothea,  300. 
Cyllopoda,  391,  392. 
Cymbalophora,  396,  398,  399. 
Cymbilanius,  495,  496. 
eymonia  (Athaliptis),  45. 
cyparissias  (Eupalamides),  59. 
Cypriotes  (Alectoris),  278. 


daira  (Teracolus),  88. 
dalmanni  (Habrolepide),  157. 
dalmatina  (Jlelitaea),  100. 
damascena  (Perdix).  285.  288. 
Danais,  93. 
daplidice  (Leucoehloe).  75,  70. 

—  (Pieris),  75,  319. 
Dasychira,  350  . 
da.syehiroides  (Hoplitis),  250. 
Dasycosymbia,  378. 

datini  (Bombyx),  367. 

—  (Lambessa),  366,  367. 
daurica  (Hirundo),  4.55. 
davidus  (Pachygastria),  302. 
Decatoma,  138. 

decisa  (Automolis),  480. 
decollatus  (Pha.sianus),  446,  452. 
decolorata  (Lambessa).  365,  366,  367. 

—  (Morphels),  56. 
decolorella  (Aphomia),  38. 

—  (Parahpsa),  38. 
Deilephila,  327,  328,  329. 
dejone  (Melitaea),  98. 
delavoiei  (Dicranura),  348,  373. 
deleta  (Pachygastria),  364. 
delicio.sa  (Pyrrhorachis),  305. 
delphiaria  (Argyris),  311. 

—  (Problepsis),  310-12. 
deltae  (Galerida),  440. 
demeritaria  (Comostola),  304. 
demonstrata  (Boarmia),  315. 
demonstratus  (Xipliorhynehus),  419. 
Dendrexetastes,  416. 
Dendrocolaptes,  416,  417. 
dentata  (Petronia),  454. 
derubcscens  (Thais),  72. 

deserti  (Eublemma),  63. 
deserticola  (Celerio),  329. 

—  (Deilephila),  329. 

—  (Melitaea),  99-102,  321. 

—  (Notolophus),  353. 

—  (Orgyia),  353. 
desertonim  (Euchloe),  86. 
desfontainii  (Argynnis),  98. 

—  (MeUtaea),  98. 
desolata  (Trygodea),  387. 


310 


devigeseens  (Tricentra),  387. 
Diacrisea,  482,  483. 

diaphorocerus  (Euryrhopalus),  148,  149. 
diardi  (Phasianus),  452. 
dichotoma  (Gleichenia),  151. 
Dichromatopodia,  378,  384. 
Dicranura,  348,  373. 
dido  (Apantesis),  397,  438. 

—  (Euprepia),  397. 

didjTiia  (Melitaea),  63,  99-102,  321. 
difficilis  (Rhuda),  249. 

—  (Thamnophilus),  498. 
digammata  (Problepsis),  430,  431. 
Diglossopis,  494. 

digna  (Kanetisa),  109. 
digramma  (Macrothylacia),  369. 

—  (Metanastria),  369,  453. 
Dilaelaps,  172. 

dilastistigma  (Problepsis),  432. 
diluta  (Cotana),  472. 
dimorpha  (Trichomoplata),  240. 
Dinarmolaelaps,  172. 
Dipara,  186. 

Diplodesma,  298,  299. 
Diplura,  361,  362. 
Dira,  109. 

discalis  (Nystalea),  233. 
Discoglypha,  306,  307. 
disema  (Aphomia),  40. 

—  (Melissoblaptes),  40. 
disjuncta  (Cyclothea).  300. 
dispar  (Liparis),  350. 

—  (Phalaena),  358. 

—  (Porthetria),  358. 

—  (Tetrasticluis),  213.  221. 
dispartita  (Hemistola),  299. 
distictella  (Apliomia),  41. 
distincta  (Eucliloe),  86. 

—  (Haplojana),  490. 

—  (Parisoma),  454,  459. 
distinguenda  (Notoplusia),  240. 
distinguendus  (Tetrastichus),  212,  214,  215. 
diversa  (Paranerita),  478. 

dives  (Argynnis),  97. 

divincta  (Rhadinomphax),  429. 

divisa  (Chadisra),  2.52. 

—  (Psilaeron),  240. 
divisaria  (Antitrygodes),  308. 
dohrni  (Acara),  52. 

doliatus  (Thamnophilu':),  497,  498. 
dolichocerus  (Tetrastichus),  212,  215. 
Doloessa,  21,  25. 

domesticus  (Passer),  454,  456,  457. 
doricrana  (Hypercydas),  474. 
dorsinigrata  (Diplodesma),  298. 
dorsiornata  (Semaeopu.i),  380. 
dorus  (Coenonympha),  118,  322. 
Drepana,  393. 


Drepanojana,  466. 
Drugera,  239. 
dubia  (Cotana),  474. 

—  (Cyllopoda),  392. 

—  (Eurytomidia),  137,  138. 

—  (Nervicompressa),  474. 

—  (Notolophus),  350,  351,  352^. 

—  (Orgyia),  353,  354. 
duplicata  (Hemithea),  297. 
Dyasia,  236. 

Dylomia,  262. 
Dysauxes,  345. 
Dysephyra,  378. 
Dyspessa,  406-8. 
Dyspliania,  293-5. 


Earias,  404,  405. 
eariasella  (Microchlora),  24. 
ebenopasta  (Anerastidia),  28. 
Ectropis,  314. 
egea  (Papilio).  96. 

—  (Polygonia),  96. 
egeria  (Pararge),  322. 

egregius  (Paranastatus).  164',  165. 

eichiiorni  (Diacrisea),  483. 

Elachertus,  200,  201. 

Elaenia,  411. 

elaeophragma  (Chrysocraspeda),  314. 

Elainea,  494. 

Elasmus,  199,  200. 

Eldana,  20,  29. 

eleaphilus  (Coceophagus),  122,  211. 

electo  (Colias).  90,  320. 

electa  (Mauna),  435. 

elegans  (Aximopsis),  140. 

—  (Phasianus),  449,  451. 
ella  (Dysephyra).  378. 

ellena  (Satyrus),  102,  103.  321. 
elongata  (Lirmiris),  237,  238. 

—  (Phalera),  253. 

elongella  (Stenachroia),  28,  29. 
else  (Apantesis),  438. 
Elysius,  481. 
Emberiza,  454,  457. 
Embryoglossa,  23,  54,  55. 
emiliaria  (Hypodoxa),  293. 
Encyrtus,  153. 
endoeasta  (Ergavia),  375. 
endoleuca  (Dysphania),  293,  294. 
Enneoctonus,  454,  458. 
Entedon,  217,  219. 
Eois,  392. 
Epicnaptera,  370. 
Epicydas,  408,  473. 
Epimorius,  21,  45. 
Epincphele,  114-16,  322. 
epipaschielia  (Epimorius),  45. 


511 


,     epipereciella  (Paraphycita),  54. 
Episothalma,  297. 
Eragisa,  234. 
erectilinea  (Cotana),  472. 

—  (Nervicompressa),  472. 
Ergavia,  374-6. 
Erionotus,  496. 
Eriostepta,  477. 

eriangeri  (Cercomela),  455,  461. 

—  (Coturnix),  425. 
Ertzica,  49. 

erubella  (Aphomia),  38. 

—  (Paralipsa),  39. 
erumpens  (Aphomia),  42. 
erythrocercus  (Philydor),  500. 
erythromelas  (Vanessa),  62,  94,  95,  321. 
erythromera  (Spalangia),  195. 
erythropus  (Rhodogastria),  485. 
erythrothorax  (Porzana),  271,  272. 
esperi  (Apantesis),  438. 

—  (Euchloe),  81. 
Estrilda,  454. 
ethelinda  (Cartaletis),  428. 
Ethopia,  21,  31-2. 
Eublemma,  63. 
Eucallionyma,  22,  26. 
eucheliellus  (Melissoblaptes),  35. 
Euchloe,  63,  77-88,  319,  353. 
euchroes  (Sabaria),  316. 
eucircota  (Problepsis),  312. 
Eucomys,  122,  142,  143,  144. 
eucraspeda  (Comostola),  305. 
Eudagria,  407. 
Eudecatoma,  138,  139. 
eudora  (Satyrus),  114. 
Euhampsonia,  258. 
Eulophinorum,  206. 
Eulophus,  217. 

Eumenis,  103,  104,  108,  109. 
Eunotomyia,  195,  196. 
Eimotum,  197. 
Eupalamides,  59. 
Eupelmoides,  160,  161,  162. 
Eupelmus,  159. 
cuphero  (Euchloe),  77. 
euphorbiae  (Celerio),  328,  329,  330. 
Eupithecia,  433,  4.34,  435. 
Euplectrus,  122,  204. 
Euprepia,  397,  399. 
Euproctis,  355,  356,  357. 
euribya  (Lirmiris),  237,  238. 
europaeus  (Francolinus),  289,  290. 
eurycephala  (Phaenacra),  178,  179. 
Eurydinotomorphae,  183. 
Euryrhopalus,  148,  149. 
Eurytoma,  136,  137. 
Eurytomidia,  137,  138. 
outhyoria  (Semaeopus),  379. 


evagore  (Teracolus),  88. 
eversmanni  (Pachygastria),  363. 
excellens  (Pachychira),  260. 
excelsa  (Zygaena).  340. 
excubitor  (Lanius),  454. 
exigua  (Zygaena),  340. 
eximius  (Elasmus),  199. 
exorista  (Metallochlora),  296. 
exortivus  (RhjTichocycIus),  415. 
expansifascia  (Cyllopoda).  391. 
exypna  (Semaeopus),  382. 


fagani  (Accentor),  455,  460. 

—  (Prunella),  460. 
fagi  (Satyrus),  102. 
falacra  (Halisidota),  482. 
falki  (Alectoris),  278,  279,  280. 
fallax  (Spalangia),  194. 
falloui  (Anthocharis),  85. 

—  (Euchloe),  85,  86,  319. 
falsalis  (Nycteola),  404. 
falsaria  (Thalassodes),  296. 
faroulti  (Holcocerus),  409. 

—  (Phragmatobia),  396. 
farracearia  (Ectropia),  314. 
faseiata  (Apantesis),  397,  438. 

—  (Drepanojana),  466. 
fasciatus  (C'ymbilanius),  495,  496. 
fathme  (Melanargia),  110,  111. 
fatua  (Satyrus),  104,  105. 
fauna  (Satyrus),  105,  109. 
faustula  (Zygaena),  340. 
(avonia  (Zygaena),  332,  333-7. 
feisthameli  (Papilio),  70.  71. 
felderi  (Elysius),  481. 

felix  (Zygaena),  338,  340.  341. 
fergussonis  (Melanergon),  467. 
ferreti  (Tehitrea),  455,  462. 
fervens  (Ptychopoda),  389. 
festiva  (Eunotomyia),  195,  196. 
fettigii  (Coenonympha),  118,  322. 
fidia  (Eumenis),  109. 

—  (Papilio),  106. 

—  (Satyrus),  62,  106,  107,  321. 
figurana  (Doloessa),  25. 

—  (Thagora),  25. 

figurata  (Somatina),  429,  430. 
filiella  (Arhroea),  27. 

—  (Paroxyptera),  27.    • 
Fiscus,  454,  458. 
flammea  (Senta),  37. 
flammealia  (Acracona),  30. 
flammiceps  (Zapornia),  271,  272. 
flava  (Galerida),  440. 

flava  (Motacilla),  454. 

—  (Phragmatobia),  396. 

—  (Zygaena),  336. 


512 


flavescens  (Clisiocampa),  360. 

—  (Malacosoma),  360. 

—  (Pseudocolaptes),  499.  500. 

—  (Zygaena),  334. 
flaviba.sis  (C'argetta),  256. 
flavicans  (Semaeopu.s),  379. 
flavicoUis  (Stauropus),  241. 
flavidior  (Phasicnecus),  491. 
flavifigurata  (Tricentra),  388. 
flavifimbria  (Racheospila),  377. 
Flavinia,  391. 

flavipes  (Sphegigastrella),  184. 
flavipunctata  (Opharus),  482. 
flavistigma  (Problepsis),  432. 
flavolavata  (Cascera),  248. 
flavo-olivaceus  (Rhynchocyclus),  415,  416. 
flavotectus  (Rhynchocyclus),  415. 
flavovirens  (Cascera),  247. 
flexifera  (Naprepa),  231. 
florella  (CatopsiUa).  92. 

—  (Papilio),  92. 
florestan  (Protoparce),  59. 
foedella  (Melissoblaptes).  37.  40. 

—  (Aphomia),  40. 
foedellus  (Crambus),  51. 
formicarius  (Myrmeleon),  136. 
formiciformis  (Cerocephala),  188. 
formosanus  (Phasianus),  446,  451. 
forskalii  (Lophoceros),  455. 
fragilis  (Prasinocyma),  296. 
francki  (Elysius).  481. 
FrancoHnus,  267,  284,  287-91. 
francolinus  (Franeolinus),  284,  288-90. 

—  (Tetrao),  287. 

franeonica  (Malacosoma),  360,  361. 
frater  (Apona),  487. 

—  (Hybothorax),  134,  135. 
fraterculus  (Thamnophilus),  497,  498. 
frequens  (Metacolosoter),  168,  169. 
Fringillaria,  4.54,  457. 

frontata  (Gallinula),  270. 
fructicassiella  (Trachylepidia),  36,  37. 
frugilegus  (Stauropus).  243. 
fuciformis  (Haemorrhagia),  63,  332. 

—  (Sphinx),  332. 
fulgurea  (Hypodoxa),  293. 
Fulica,  265,  266,  267. 
fuUginosa  (JIuscicapa),  410. 

—  (Phragmatobia),  397. 

—  (Planchesia),  410. 
fulminalis  (Aphomia),  ,39. 

—  (Nelissoblaptes),  39. 
fulvescens  (Prunella),  460. 
fulvipes  (Hockeria),  130.  131. 
fulviventris  (Homoporus),  179. 
fumosa  (Melanothrix),  463,  466. 
furcula  (Dicranura),  348. 
furellus  (Melissoblaptes),  39. 


furvimbria  (Thalassodes),  296. 
fusca  (Porzana),  271-4. 
(uscescens  (Turuptiana),  484. 
fuscimargo  (Hemistola),  300. 
fuscipennis  (Crinodes),  235. 
fuscLstriata  (Tirathaba),  34. 
fuscolimbalis  (Mucialla),  32. 
fuscolimbella  (Aphomia),  41. 

—  (Melissoblaptes),  41. 
fusconervella  (Lamoria),  51. 
fusconubilata  (Naprepa),  231 
fuseula  (Dyspessa),  406,  407. 
fuaculana  (Sarrothripus),  404. 
fuscus  (Ptilopachus),  276 

—  (Rallus),  273. 


gaimardii  (Elaenia),  411. 
galatea  (Melanargia),  321. 
galathea  (Melanargia),  109,  110. 
galbula  (Ploceus),  454. 
galeata  (Crex),  269. 

—  (Gallinula),  269,  270. 
Galerida,  439-41,  454. 
Galleria,  17,  22,  44,  49,  53. 
Galleristhenia,  23,  53. 
Gallinula,  266,  267-70. 
gandolphii  (Oenogyna),  395. 
Ganoris,  73,  74,  75. 
Garcinoptera,  25. 
garleppi  (Automolis),  481. 
garmani  (Gallinula),  270. 
gaudialis  (Neritos),  479. 
Gelasma,  295. 

geminilinea  (Semaeopus),  382. 
Geniaspidius,  155,  156. 
genibarbis  (Xenops),  417,  418. 
Geniocerus,  217,  219. 
gentihs  (Accipiter).  275. 
geranium  (Ptochophyle),  313. 
germana  (Cotana),  474. 

—  (.Jana),  488. 

—  (Stauropus),  244. 
geyri  (Chilena),  368,  369. 
gibbifrons  (Cyllopoda),  391. 
gigantea  (Lepasta),  235. 
gigantelia  (Crambus),  50. 

—  (.Schistotheca),  ,50. 
giganteus  (Phasicnecus),  491. 
gigas  (Anita),  256. 
Glaphyra,  403. 

glaucana  (Sarrothripus),  404. 
glaucata  (Cilix),  393,  394,  409. 

—  (Phalaena),  393. 
glauce  (Euchloe),  88,  319. 
glauconome  (Leucochloe),  75. 

—  (Pontia),  75. 
glaucoviridis  (Stauropus).  242. 


513 


Gleichenia,  151. 

globulariae  (Procris),  343. 

Glyphorhynchus,  418,  419. 

Glyphyrhynchus,  419. 

gmelini  (Phasianus),  447,  451,  452. 

Gnophos,  314,  463. 

Gonatocerus,  228. 

Gonepteryx,  91,  320. 

gonostigma  (Notolophus),  350. 

gordius  (Phasianus),  444,  445,  450. 

gouldi  (Anthus),  458. 

gracilis  (Prinia),  455. 

graeca  (Alectoris),  277,  278,  279,  280. 

—  (Euchloe),  81. 

—  (Perdix),  277. 
grenadensis  (Sympiesi.i),  205. 
grandinotella  (Tirathaba),  34. 
grandis  (Cotana),  473. 

—  (Gypaetus),  455. 

—  (Pachygastria).  363. 

—  (Pseudojana),  487. 
grisea  (Aphomia),  42. 

—  (Lambessa),  366. 
griseigularis  (Antlireptes),  323. 
griseipectus  (Myrmeciza),  498. 
grisella  (Achroia),  44. 

—  (Meliphora),  44. 

—  (Tinea),  44. 

gri.seogularis  (Ammoperdix),  281,  282. 

—  (Perdix),  281. 
griseola  (Hemijana),  490. 

—  (Odontelia),  63. 
grisescens  (Tricentra),  388. 
grisola  (Muscicapa),  455. 
guami  (Gallinula),  268. 
guatemalensis  (Lirmiris),  237. 
guianarum  (Blacicus),  411. 
guianen.sis  (Elaenia),  411. 
gularis  (Aphomia),  38. 

—  (Elainea),  494. 

—  (Melissoblaptes).  38. 

—  (ParaHpsa),  37. 

guttatus  (Xiphorhynchus),  419. 
guzmani  (Nystalea),  233. 
Gypaetus,  455. 
Gyrtona,  40. 


habejjsinica  (Cinnyris),  454. 
Habrocytus,  174,  175. 
Habrolepis.  156,  157. 
hadraniauticus  (Hagiopsar),  454. 

—  (Onychognathus),  454,  456. 

—  (Pilorhinus),  456. 
haematella  (Tirathaba),  34. 
haematographa  (Balaenifrons),  57. 
Haemorrhagia,  63,  332. 
hagenbecki  (Phasianus),  447,  448,  452. 


hagenowii  (Entedon),  219. 

—  (Geniocerus),  219. 

—  (Tetrastiehu.s),  122,  213,  219. 
Hagiopsar,  454,  456. 
Halcyon,  455. 

Halisidota,  482. 

hamilcar  (Pachygastria),  362,  363. 
hampsoni  (Elysius),  481. 
hansii  (Satyrus),  104,  105. 
Hapigia,  263. 
Hapigiodes,  264. 
Haplojana,  489,  490. 
hararensis  (."inthus),  457,  458. 
haroldi  (Cymbalophora),  398. 

—  (Tympanophora),  399. 
Harpagoneura,  32-4. 
Harpya,  346. 

harterti  (Melitaea),  63,  100,  102. 

hawaiiensis  (Mehttobia),  122,  226,  227. 

hebitis  (Satyrus),  106,  107. 

helice  (Colias),  91,  320. 

helicina  (Colias),  91,  320. 

heUica  (Belenois),  75. 

hellmayri  (Cinnyris),  454. 

—  (Myiozetetes),  412,  413. 
helvolus  (Teracolus),  89. 
Hemijana,  490. 
Hemiptarsenus,  208. 
hemisema  (Prasinoxena),  24. 
Hemistola,  299,  .300. 
Hemithea,  297,  298,  429. 
henrici  (Francolinus),  289,  290. 
Hepialiscus,  405. 
hepialivora  (Harpagoneura),  34. 
Hepialus,  405. 

herculeana  (Cnethocampa),  349. 

—  (Thaumetopoea),  349. 
hermione  (Nythas).  109. 

—  (Satyrus),  102,  103,  109. 
Herse,  327. 

Heterephyra,  378,  379. 
Heterogynis,  346. 
heteroleucus  (Thamnophilus),  497. 
Heteromicta,  21,  32,  42,  43. 
heterurus  (Xenops),  418. 

heyi  (Ammoperdix),  281,  282. 
hieroglyphica  (Moresa),  261. 
hilaris  (Zygaena),  339,  340. 
hilaropis  (Doloessa),  25. 
—  (Melissoblaptes),  25. 
hilgerti  (Chilena),  368,  369. 
Hipparchia,  109. 
hippocrates  (Papilio),  67,  69. 
Hippolais,  454. 
Hippotion,  331,  332. 
Hinindinea,  411,  412. 
Hirundo,  455. 
hispanica  (Oenanthe),  1,  11,  16. 


514 


hispaniensis  (Perdix),  283. 

histrio  (Leptomastix).  122.  144. 

Hockeria,  121,  122,  130-2. 

Holcocerus,  408,  409. 

holdereri  (Phasianus),  445,  446,  447,  451. 

holli  (Coenonympha).  117,  118,  322. 

—  (Arygia),  355 

—  (Orygia),  35.5. 

—  (Notolophus),  355. 

—  (Satyras),  lOG,  321. 
holobapta  (Chrysocraspeda),  433. 
Hombergia,  58. 

homochroa  (Aphomia),  41. 

—  (Melanothrix),  463,  465. 

—  (Melissoblaptes),  41. 
Homoporus,  179. 

homopteridia  (Balaenifrons),  57,  58. 
Hoplitis,  250,  251. 

Hornigia,  48. 

hortulana  (Emberiza).  454. 
hospiton  (Papilio),  70. . 
hospitonides  (Papilio),  69.  318. 
huebneri  (Karanasa),  109. 
huegenini  (Ocuogyna),  395. 
humei  (Alectori.s),  280. 

—  (Caccabis),  279. 
hyale  (Colias),  89. 

—  (Papilio),  89. 
Hybocampa,  349. 
Hybothorace,  136. 
Hybothorax,  134,  135. 
Hylophila,  405. 
Hypercydas,  47'.  473,  474. 
hyphanteriae  (Elachertus),  201. 
Hypochrosis,  316. 
hypoderis  (Semaeopus),  380. 
Hypodoxa,  293. 
hypoleucus  (Totanus).  455. 

—  (Tringa),  455. 
Hypolopliota,  40,  42. 
hypotyphla  (Comostola),  303. 
Hyponerita,  479. 
Hypopta,  406. 
Hypostropha,  28. 

hyriaria  (Eois),  392. 

—  (Psilocambogia),  392. 


Ichthyura,  349. 

ida  (Epinephele),  116,  322. 

—  (Papilio),  116. 

Idalus,  475,  476. 

idonea  (Nystalea),  232. 

ignivena  (Tirathaba),  33. 

llema,  401,  402. 

ilicana  (Sarrothripua),  404. 

ilicis  (Achnocampa),  361. 

illimitata  (Semaeopu.s),  379. 


illineata  (Ergavia),  376. 
imbella  (Acrobaais),  51. 

—  (Lamoria),  51. 

impressus  (Stenelachistus),  201-3. 
impunctella  (Acara),  49. 
incandeseens  (Pseudojana),  487. 
incarnata  (Amorpha),  326,  332. 
incisus  (Stauropus),  245. 
incolorata  (Semaeopus),  378. 
incongruens  (Philoponectroma),  145. 
inculta  (Ectropis),  314. 
indica  (Sa.xicola),  455,  461. 
indicus  (Passer),  456,  457. 
indistincta  (Spatalia),  231. 
ines  (Melanargia).  110,  111,  321. 

—  (Papilio),  110. 
inexpectata  (Automolis),  481. 

—  (Phalera),  253. 
infelix  (Comys),  142,  144. 

—  (Eucomys),  122,  142.  143.  144. 

—  (Eupithecia),  434. 
inflammata  (Discoglypha),  307. 
infra-simplex  (CoenonjTiipha),  118. 
infumatella  (Lamoria),  52. 
infuscata  (Dyspessa),  407. 
innotata  (Achroia),  44. 

—  (Casama),  359. 

—  (Vobrix),  44. 
Ino,  344. 

inopinata  (Coturnix),  422,  424. 
inostentalis  (Lamoria),  22,  50. 

—  (Maraclea),  50. 
inquieta  (Scotocerca),  455. 
insculpto  (Problepsis).  431. 
insidiosus  (.\nacryptus),  129.  130. 
insignifica  (Haplojana),  489. 

—  (Hoplites),  250. 
insignis  (Phasianus),  450. 
insolitus  (Blastothrix,  151. 
insulana  (Earias),  405. 
insularia  (Hemithea),  297,  298. 
insularis  (Elasmus),  199. 

—  (Crinodes),  235. 

—  (Euchloe),  80. 

—  (Stilbula),  121,  142. 
insularum  (Isosoma),  139. 
intensa  (C'argida),  232. 
intercalaris  (Cerura),  347. 
intermedia  (Ammoperdix),  282. 

—  (Columba),  455,  462. 

—  (Euchloe),  78. 

—  (Melanothrix),  464. 

—  (Pachypasa),  370. 

—  (Rifargia),  256. 

—  (Satyrus),  107. 

—  (Zygaena),  336. 

int«rmedius  (Cymbilanius),  495,  496. 
interposita  (Cyanopica),  493. 


515 


iaterposita  (Ilema),  401. 

—  (Melitaea),  100,  101,  102. 

—  (Flema),  401. 
interpositus  (Francolinus),  288. 

—  (Thamnophilus),  496,  497. 
interrupta  (Cerura),  346,  347. 

—  (Harp3'a),  346. 
interspersa  (Cerura),  348. 
inunctus  (Eulophus),  217. 

—  (Geniocerus).  217. 

—  (Tetrasticlms),  122,  212,  217,  218. 
iodioides  (Comostola),  305. 

Iodi.s,  300,  301,  302. 
iridescens  (lodis),  300,  301. 
irregularis  (Robinsonia),  475. 
irrorata  (Caaccra),  248. 

—  (Neidalia),  475. 
irrufatella  (Tirathaba),  33. 
Isabella  (Hemithea),  298. 
isabellina  (Galerida),  440. 

—  (Oenanthe),  461. 
isodesma  (Aphomia),  40. 

—  (Melissoblaptes),  40. 
isolatella  (Notolophus),  353. 

—  (Orgyia),  353. 
Isosoma,  139. 
Issa,  378. 

italica  (Perdix),  283. 


jabae  (Phasianus).  444,  450. 
Jana,  487,  488. 

janiroides  (Epinephele),  115,  322. 
japonica  (Coturnix),  420-2,  425. 

—  (Cyanopica),  493. 
jasius  (Charaxes),  63. 

jason  (Charaxes),  93,  320,  321. 

—  (Papilio),  93. 
jerdoni  (Anthus),  458. 
joiceyi  (Cotana),  472,  474. 
jordana  (Dyspessa),  406. 
jordanis  (Lamoria),  51. 
josephina  (Notolophus),  350,  351-3. 

—  (Orgyia),  352. 

josua  (Lasiocampa),  363,  364. 

—  (Pachygastria),  363,  364. 
jugurthina  (Pachygastria),  364. 
jurtina  (Epinephele),  114,  322. 

—  (Papilio),  114. 
justata  (Dysephyra),  378. 

—  (Heterephyra),  378. 


kabylaria  (Dyspessa),  407. 
kakelik  (Caccabis),  279,  280. 
Kaaetisa,  109. 
kapaura  (Cotana),  473. 
Karanasa,  109. 


karpowi  (Phasianus),  447,  448,  452. 
kebeae  (Cotana),  473. 

—  (Nervicompressa),  473. 
kennedyi  (Paranerita),  478. 
kestraneura  (Decatoma),  138. 
khasiana  (Tagora),  486. 
khasianus  (Stauropus),  245. 
kiangsuensis  (Phasianus),  446,  447,  451. 
kirbyi  (Euehloe),  81. 

klagesi  (Hapigiodes),  264. 

—  (Rosema),  261. 
koenigi  (Alectoris),  277. 
komarowi  (Phasianus),  442,  443,  449. 
koroviakovi  (Alectoris),  278,  279,  280. 

—  (Caccabis),  279. 
Kradibia,  124,  125. 
kroumira  (Phragmatobia),  397. 
kruegeri  (Euehloe),  81. 


laciniata  (Tricentra),  387. 
ladrilla  (Semaeopus),  379. 
laesaria  (Comostola),  304. 
laetus  (Sympiesis),  204. 
lahayei  (Zygaena),  341,  342. 
Lambessa,  363,  365-8. 
lambessanus  (Cercyonis),  108. 

—  (Satyrus),  103,  105,  107,  108. 
Lamoria,  22,  33,  48,  50-2. 
Lanius,  454,  458,  495-6. 
lanuginosa  (Turnaca),  258. 
Lftothe,  263. 

lapidepeta  (Epinephele),  116. 
Lasiocampa,  363,  364,  365,  370. 
Lasiomorpha,  463,  466. 
lathonia  (Argynnis),  97,  321. 

—  (Papilio),  97. 

laticeps  (Neosciatheras),  190,  191. 
laticostalis  (Spatalia),  231. 
latitiava  (Cyllopoda),  391,  392. 
latiplaga  (Dysphania),  294,  295. 
lativittata  (Melanothrix),  463,  465. 
latonaria  (Argyris),  430. 
--(Problepsis),  431. 
latro  (Melissoblaptes),  29. 

—  (Meyriccia),  29. 
latteri  (Papilio),  70,  71. 
lavandulae  (Zygaena),  342,  343. 
leechi  (Melitaea),  99. 

—  (Notolophus),  354. 
leighata  (Chrysocraspeda),  433. 
Lelaps,  172. 

Lemonia,  371. 
lemoulti  (Lirmiris),  237. 
leutiginosus  (Zatrephes),  476. 
Leodamus,  171. 
Lepasta,  235. 
lepida  (Chalcis),  127. 


516 


leprieuri  (Ocnogyna),  305. 

—  (Spilosomii),  395. 
Icprosa  (Hypodoxii),  293. 
leptochlora  (Heteromicta),  43. 
Leptoctenopsis,  38.j. 
I/eptomastix,  122,  144. 
Leptopogon,  413,  414. 
leucocephala  (Halcyon),  4.)5. 
Leucochloe,  75,  7G. 
leucogaster  (Cinnyricinclus).  454. 
leucomela  (Oenanlhe),  455. 
leucophaeus  (Stauropus),  242. 
leucophrys  (Anthus),  4.54,  457,  458. 

—  (Mecocei'culu.s),  494,  495. 
leucostictalis  (Eldana),  29. 
leucotera  (Ganoris),  74. 

leucotrigona  (Melanothrix),  463,  464,  405. 
liagore  (Teracolus),  89. 
libatrix  (Scoliopteryx),  259. 
libyssa  (Cartaletis),  428. 

—  (Euprepia),  399. 
ligustri  (Sphinx),  19,  327. 
Limacodes,  346. 
limitans  (Zygaena),  341. 
Limnas,  93. 

limosa  (Bombyx),  370. 

—  (Pachypasa),  370. 
lineata  (Celerio),  330,  332. 
Ilneatus  (Cymbilanius),  495,  496. 

—  (Lanius),  495. 
lineosa  (Automolis),  480. 
Liparis,  350,  357,  358. 
liraria  (Ergavia),  376. 
Lirmiris,  237. 

lissoma  (Stilbula),  141. 
Litho.,ia,  401,  402,  403. 
lithosioides  (Barade.sa),  258. 
littoralis  (Picolaptes),  417. 

—  (Xenops),  418. 

—  (Zygaena),  330. 

livia  (Columba).  455.  402. 
livornica  (Celerio),  3.30,  332. 

—  (Sphinx),  330. 
loeupletata  (Discoglypha),  307. 
longifimbriatus  (Tetrastichus),  212,  224. 
longigastra  (Sphegigaslrella),  183. 
longipannis  (Problepsis),  310. 
longipes  (Myrmeciza),  498. 
longirostri-s  (Anthus),  457. 
longiventris  (Tetrastichus),  212.  213,  217. 
Lophoceros,  455. 

lorenzi  (Phasianus),  442,  449. 
loti  (Bombyx),  361. 
— (Diplura),  361. 
louisiadensis  (Melanergon),  467. 
loyselis  (Zygaena),  332-5. 
lucasi  (Arge),  109. 

—  (Chilcna).  368,  369. 


lucasi  (Melanargia),  109,  110,  321. 
ludoviciae  (Cerura),  347. 
lugubriaria  (Eupithecia),  435. 
lunulata  (Cotana),  471. 

—  (Nervicompressa),  471. 
lurida  (Halisidota),  482. 
luridata  (Scmaeopus),  380. 
lurideola  (Ilema),  402. 

—  (Lithosia),  402. 
luridioidcs  (Halisidota),  482. 
lusitanica  (Euchloc),  80. 
lutarella  (Ilema),  402. 
lutea  (Galerida),  440. 

—  (Malacosoma),  300. 
luteus  (Bombyx),  360. 
lycaon  (Epinephele),  114,  322. 
lyllus  (Coenonympha),  119,  120,  322. 
Lymantria,  63,  350,  357,  358. 

lyra  (Philydor),  501. 


machaon  (Papilio),  66-70,  318. 

macrocerus  (Parageniaspis),  154,  155. 

Macroglossum,  331,  332. 

Macronadata,  259. 

macroptera  (Galleria),  49. 

Macrothylacia,  369. 

maculata  (Comostola),  303,  304. 

—  (Galerida),  439-11. 

—  (Percnia),  317. 
maculifera  (Tirathaba),  33. 
madagascariensis  (Fulica),  266. 

—  (Porphyrio),  267. 
Maenas,  396. 

maeonia  (Melanothrix),  400. 
maera  (Pararge),  112. 
magnifica  (Cymbalophora),  398. 

—  (Euhampsonia),  258. 

—  (Viana),  492. 
Mahencyrtus,  157,  158. 

mahensis  (Anthrocephalus),  133,  134. 

—  (Centrobia),  121,  228,  230. 
raaja  (Argynnis),  90,  321. 
major  (Aerops),  462. 

—  (Anumela),  63. 

—  (Apona),  486. 

—  (Chazara),  103. 

—  (Coenonympha),  117. 

—  (Phalaena),  373. 

—  (Saturnia),  371-3. 

—  (Satyrus),  103. 
malaccen.sis  (Anthreptes),  323. 
malachitaria  (Hcmistola),  299. 
Malacosoma,  300,  361. 
malacosomoides  (Chilena),  368,  309. 
malgascius  (Eupclmus),  159. 
Malocampa,  248. 

mamorata  (Eudagria),  107. 


517 


Maraclea,  50. 
marcida  (Ileraa),  402. 
marcouna  (Zygaena),  64,  339,  340. 
margaritae  (Alcctoris),  278,  279. 
marginata  (Cascera),  247. 

—  (Coenonympha),  119. 

—  (Pyrrhorachis),  305. 
marmorata  (Dyspesaa),  406,  407,  408. 
marnoana  (Colias),  89. 
maroccana  (Dyspesaa),  408. 

—  (Pachygastria),  362. 

—  (Saturnia),  371,  372. 

—  (Zygaena),  342. 
maronensia  (Automolis),  481. 
maroniensis  (Amaxia),  477. 
martini  (Hypochrosis),  316. 
martinica  (Porphyrio),  265. 
Maschane.  262. 

matutia  (Euchloe),  81. 

Mauna,  435. 

maura  (Motacilla),  460. 

—  (Saxicola),  455,  460,  461. 
mauretanica  (Bombyx),  365. 

—  (Celerio),  .329,  330. 

—  (Deilephila),  329. 

—  (Epinephele),  114. 

—  (Euchloe).  80-3. 

—  (Melitaea),  99-101.  102,  321. 
--  (Ocnogyna),  394. 

—  (Pachygastria),  364,  365. 

—  (Papilio),  67-70,  318. 

—  (Satyrus),  114. 

—  (Thais).  71,  72,  318. 

—  (Trichosoma),  394. 

—  (Zygaena),  340. 
mauretanicus  (Cossus),  408. 

—  (Holcocerus),  408. 
mauritaniea  (Aporia),  73,  319. 

—  (Pieris),  74. 
maxima  (Euchloe),  81. 

—  (Papilio),  67,  68,  69,  318. 
meade-waldoi  (Melanargia),  110. 

—  (Pararge).  112. 
Mecocerculus,  494,  495. 
mecranensis  (Francolinus),  288. 
medianalis  (Lamoria),  50. 
mediofascia  (Turnaca),  257. 
mediofasciata  (Omichlis),  260. 
mediolinea  (Stauropus),  245. 
mediostriga  (Chlior),  263. 
medius  (Bruchobius),  176. 

—  (Phasianus),  443. 
meeki  (Chadisra),  251. 

—  (CWana),  470,  471. 

—  (Lasiomorpha),  466. 
megacephalus  (Rhyncliocyclus),  415. 
Megapeltc,  197. 

Megarthria,  17,  23,  54. 


megera  (Papilio),  112. 

—  (Pararge),  112,  322. 
Melachrysia,  19. 
Melanargia,  109-11,  321. 
melancholicus  (Tyrannus),  412. 
Melanergon,  463,  467. 
melanochloros  (Euchloe),  82,  83. 
melanoleuca  (Dyasia),  236. 

—  (Saxicola),  16. 
melanomochla  (Aphomia),  40. 
melanonotus  (Franco Unus),  290. 
melanope  (Motacilla),  454. 
melanophlebia  (Lamoria),  51. 
melanoptera  (Cercotrichas),  455. 
Melanothrix,  463-6. 
melanura  (Cercomela),  455,  461. 

—  (Saxicola),  461. 
Melia,  37,  51. 
Meliana,  37. 
Melierax.  267,  292,  455. 
Meliphora,  44,  45. 
melisanda  (Euchloe),  81. 
Melissoblaptes,  9,5,  29,  33,  34-42,  51. 
Melitaea,  63,  98-102,  321. 
Mehttobia,  122,  226,  227. 
mellonella  (Cerioclepta),  53. 

—  (Galleria),  53. 

—  (Tinea),  53. 

—  (Vindana),  53. 
mellonidiella  (Galleristhenia),  53. 
menachensis  (Poliospiza),  454. 

—  (Turdus),  455. 
mendicaria  (Somatina),  306. 
meonaria  (Rhodostrophia),  30P. 
meone  (Papilio),  113. 

—  (Pararge),  113. 
Mirallus,  179,  180. 

meridae  (Pseudocolaptes),  499. 
meridana  (Synallaxis),  498. 
meridionalis  (Antaxia),  479. 

—  (Elysius),  481. 

—  (Gallinula),  268. 

—  (Gonepteryx),  91. 

—  (Lirmiris),  237. 

—  (Melitaea),  99-101. 
merita  (Rii'argia),  256. 
meritaria  (Comostola),  304. 
meroearia  (Problepsis),  431. 
Merops.  455. 

mesagona  (Apaidia),  403. 

—  (Callimorpha),  403. 
mesoleucus  (Phoenicurus),  46lf. 
Mesopeltis,  197,  198. 

metabates  (Melierax),  267,  292.  455. 
Metaealosoter.  167,  168,  169. 
metachryseis  (.Acracona),  30. 
Metachrysia,  30. 
metaleuca  (Prasinoxena),  24. 


518 


metalliferuB  (Tetraslichus),  213,  220. 
Metallochlora,  29G,  297. 
Metanastria,  369,  453. 
Metapoeeras,  64. 
Metaraphia,  20,  31. 
Metasteninonim,  171,  172. 
.Metospilus,  331. 
mcsicanus  (Xenops),  417,  418. 
Meyiiccia,  21,  29. 
michailovski  (Phasianus),  450. 
Microchlora,  20,  24,  25. 
Micromehis,  177,  178,  179. 
migrans  (Milvus),  455. 
militaris  (Dysphania),  294. 

—  (Metallochlora),  296,  297. 
MiMis.  455. 

Minois,  108,  109. 

minor  (Laniu.s),  454,  458. 

—  (Satyrus),  106,  107. 

—  (Tetrao),  292. 
mira  (.Soolopax),  437. 
mirabilis  (.imorpha),  326. 

—  (Lirmiri-s),  238. 
Mirafra,  454. 

mitranaria  (Semaeopus),  382. 
mniszechi  (Satyrus),  104,  109. 
modesta  (Paralipsa),  38. 

—  (Sympiesomorpha),  210. 
moeritica  (Galerida),  439,  440. 
molossus  (Bardaxima),  234. 
moma  (Automolis),  481. 
monacha  (Liparis),  350. 
mongolicus  (Phasianus),  446,  450,  451. 
monilella  (Rhectophlebia),  27. 
monochroa  (Aphomia),  39. 

—  (Melissoblaptes),  39. 
monospila  (Prasinoxena),  23,  24. 
raonteironis  (Cartaletis),  428. 

—  (Phasicnecus),  491. 
Monticola,  455. 
Moresa,  261. 

mori  (Bombyx),  19. 
morio  (.Aximopsis),  141. 

—  (Habrocytus),  174. 
morosella  (.Acara),  49. 

—  (Ertzica),  49. 
Morpheis,  23,  56. 
Motacilla,  4.54,  459,  460. 
motheri  (Saturnia),  372. 
Mucialla,  32,  33,  35. 
multistrigatus  (Dendrocolaptes),  416. 
mundella  (Mucialla),  32,  33. 

—  (Tirathabia),  32,  33. 
murina  (Morpheis),  56. 

—  (Nudaria),  403. 
mus  (Lymantria),  357. 

—  (Liparis),  357. 
Musoicapa,  410,  455. 


muscosa  (Drugera),  239. 

—  (Rifargia),  255. 
musivaria  (Trygodes),  387. 
Myelobia,  56. 
Myiozetetes,  412,  413. 
Myrmeciza,  498. 
myrmecophila  (Meliphora),  45. 

—  (Stenachroia),  29. 
Myrmeleon,  136. 
mystioa  (Diplodesma),  299. 


naevia  (Selateria),  499. 
naevius  (Lanius),  496.       ' 

—  (Thamnophilus),  496. 
nanus  (Xiphorhynchus),  419. 
napi  (Pieris),  75. 
Naprepa,  231. 

nasutus  (Lophoceros),  455. 
n.atalensis  (Cartaletis),  428. 

—  (Paraphomia),  37. 
neglecta  (Xenops),  418. 
neglectus  (Porphyrio),  266. 

—  (Xenops),  418. 
Neidalia,  475. 

nelvai  (Cercyonis),  108. 

—  (Satyrus),  107,  108,  322. 
neobule  (Apella),  262. 
Neosciatheras,  188,  189,  190,  191. 
nerii  (Deilephila),  327. 

—  (Sphinx),  327. 
Neritos,  479. 

Nervicompressa,  468,  469,  471,  472-4. 
neustria  (Clisiocampa),  360. 

—  (Malacosoma),  360. 
niassana  (Pandala),  486. 

—  (Pseudojana),  487. 
nicaea  (Celerio),  328. 

—  (Deilephila),  328. 

nicevillei  (.Melanothrix),  463,  464,  465. 
nicholsoni  (.-inthus).  458. 
niger  (Crateulophus),  206,  207. 

—  (Notoglyptus),  181. 
nigra  (Zygaena),  337. 
nigrescens  (Thamnophilus),  498. 
nigricans  (Galerida),  439-41. 
nigriceps  (Mecocerculus),  494,  495. 

—  (Tetraetichus),  213,  222. 
nigricostella  (Heteromiota),  43. 
nigricoxa  (Tetrastichus),  212,  222. 
nigriplaga  (Nystalea),  232. 
nigripuncta  (Turnaca),  258. 
nigrisparsalis  (Lamoria),  48. 

—  (Picrogama),  48. 
nigrivena  (Cyllopoda),  392. 
aigrocastanea  (Diacrisea),  483. 
nigrofasciata  (Melitaea),  102. 
niloticus  (Lanius),  454,  458. 


519 


nilotious  (Phoneus),  454. 
niobe  (Trygodes),  385,  386,  387. 
nisseni  (Lymantria),  358. 

—  (Melitaea).  100,  101,  102. 

—  (Ocneria),  358. 

—  (Sphinx),  327. 

—  (Zygaena),  342. 
nitadalis  (Tirathaba),  35. 
nitida  (Melitaea),  98. 
nitidus  (Stauropus),  241. 
nivalis  (Phasicnecus),  492. 
niveiceps  (Euhampsonia),  258. 
noakesi  (Lasiomorpha),  460. 
Nobilia,  307,  308. 

Noclia,  345. 

Nola,  403. 

notata  (Atychia),  343. 

—  (Procris),  343. 
notodontina  (Stauropus),  246. 
Notoglyptus,  181,  182. 
Notoloplius,  350-5. 
Notoplusia,  240. 

nouna  (Anthocharis),  88. 

—  (Teracolus),  64,  77,  88,  ,320. 
nubicus  (Flscus),  454. 

—  (Lanius),  454,  458. 
nubigera  (Phaenacra),  179. 
nubiloviolaceus  (Dylomia),  262. 
Nudaria,  403. 

nudai'ia  (Anisodes),  384. 
Numida,  455. 

numida  (Saturnia),  371,  372. 
nyassae  (Anthu.s),  458. 
Nycteola,  404. 
Nygmia,  355-7,  409. 
nymplia  (Comostola),  304. 
nymphaliaria  (Gnophos),  463. 
—  (Melanothrix),  463,  464. 
Nystalea,  232,  233. 
Nytha,  102. 
Nythas,  109. 


oberthueri  (Satyrus),  105,  321. 
oberthuri  (Apantesis),  397,  438. 

—  (Chelonia),  397. 

—  (Chilena),  368. 

—  (Liparis),  358. 

—  (Lymantria),  63,  358. 
obliquata  (Chilena),  368. 
obliquella  (Cathayia),  46. 

—  (Vindama),  53. 
cibUquifascia  (Moresa),  261. 
obliterella  (Notolophus),  352. 
obUteroisa  (Aphomia),  41. 

—  (Bapara),  37,  41. 
obscura  (Sarrothripus),  404. 

—  (Turuptiana),  484. 

35 


obaourata  (Episothalma),  297. 
obscuratus  (Eupelmoides),  160,  161,  162. 
obscurellus  (Mehssoblaptes),  51. 
obscurevittella  (Achroia),  44. 
obscurus  (Chrysolophu.s),  288. 
obsolescens  (Euchloe),  85,  86. 
occidentalis  (Cotana),  471. 

—  (Euhamp-sonia),  258. 

—  (Maenas),  396. 

—  (Melitaea),  99,  100. 

—  (Phragmatobia),  396. 

—  (Saxicola),  10,  11. 

—  (Tyrannus),  412. 

—  (Zygaena),  335. 

oceultans  (Mahencyrtus),  157,  158. 
ocellata  (Nystalea),  233. 
ocellatus  (Smerinthus),  326,  373. 
ochracea  (Aphomia),  38. 
ocliraceella  (Heteromicta),  43. 
ochripieta  (Problepsis),  432. 
ochrochroa  (Balaenifrons),  58. 
oehrociliella  (Garcinoptera),  25. 
ochroleueus  (Seotteus),  152. 
ochropus  (Tringa),  455. 

—  (Totanus),  455. 

ochruros  (Phoenicurus),  455,  459. 
ockendeni  (Hyponerita),  479. 
Ocneria,  358,  359. 
Ocnogyna,  394,  390. 
ocularis  (Prunella),  460. 
Odontelia,  63. 
odontella  (Aphomia).  40. 

—  (Mehssoblaptes),  40. 
oeconomellus  (Mehssoblaptes),  36. 
oetakwensis  (Cotana),  474. 
oenachroa  (Lamoria),  50. 
Oenantlie,  1,11,16,  45.5,  461. 
oenanthe  (Oenanthe),  455. 
oenopodiata  (Semaeopus),  378. 
oleinus  (Entedon),  217. 
olivacea  (Cascera),  247,  248. 
olivaceofusca  (Pachychira),  260. 
Oraichlis,  259,  260. 

omissa  (Baradesa),  258. 
Omiza,  307. 

omoensia  (Anthus),  458. 
Omphalophora,  9/2,  52. 
onustus  (Leodamus),  171. 
Onychognathus,  454,  456. 
Onycognathus,  456. 
oodes  (Heteromicta),  21,  43. 

—  (Hypolophota),  42. 
opalistriga  (Rhuda),  249. 
Opharus,  482. 

orana  (Ino),  344. 

—  (Notolophus),  354. 

—  (Orgyia),  354. 

—  (Procris),  344,  345. 


'520 


orana  (Zygaemi),  341,  342. 

•  iranaria  (Drepana),  393. 

orbktigma  (Semaeopus),  383. 

Orgyia,  350-5. 

oriens  (Diacrisea),  482. 

orientalis  (Francolinu.s),  284,  287,  289,  290. 

—  (Gallinula),  268,  269,  270. 

—  (Lirmiris),  238. 

—  (Perdix),  288. 

—  (Ptcrocles),  286. 

—  (Tetrao),  284,  285,  287. 
orieatis  (Tanaotrichia),  306. 
originalia  (Euchloe),  82. 
ornata  (Sympiesomorpha),  209. 

—  (Tyana),  25. 
Ornithospila,  295. 
Orthoptera,  399. 

orycinus  (Sciatherellus),  192,  193. 

osea  (Cinnyris),  454. 

osiria  (Hippotion),  332. 

Otis,  292. 

Otomela,  458. 

ovalU  (Apella),  262. 

ovata  (Epicydas),  473. 


Pachychira,  260. 
Pachycrepis,  185,  186. 
Pachygastria,  362-5,  36B. 
pachylepidella  (Lamoria),  50. 
Pachypasa,  370. 
Pachyrhamphus,  410. 
pachytera  (.-iphomia),  43. 

—  (Het«romicta),  42,  43. 
Paidia,  403. 

palaestinae  (Columba).  455,  462. 

palaestinensis  (Pachyga.stria),  362,  363. 

paleacea  (Morpiieis),  56. 

Palerisa,  486. 

pallasi  (Phasiamis),  446,  447,  448,  452. 

pallescens  (Alectoris),  280. 

—  (Chloropteryx),  377,  378. 

—  (RhjTichocyclus),  414. 
pallida  (Alectxjris),  278,  279,  280. 

—  (Casoera),  248. 

—  (Diglossopis),  494. 

—  (Galerida),  439. 

—  (Hippolais),  454. 

—  (Ocnogyna),  395. 

—  (Perdix),  279. 

—  (Tagora).  486. 
pallidata  (Dyspessa),  407. 
pallidifascia  {Stauropu,s),  244. 
pallidiflava  (Drugera),  239. 
pallidior  (Hirundinea),  411,  412. 
pallidipascia  (Cotana),  469. 
pallidipennis  (Pseudojana).  487. 
palpina  (Phalaena),  349. 


palpina  (Pterostoma),  349. 

palumbarius  (Accipiter),  275. 

palustris  (Acrocephalus),  458. 

pamphilus  (Coenonympha),  119,  120,  322. 

panamensi-s  (Myrmeciza),  498. 

Pandala,  486. 

pandaya  (Pandala),  486. 

panlacroixii  (Notolophus),  354,  355. 

paphia  (Argynnis),  97. 

Papilio,  66-70,  73,  77,  87-98,  106-19,  318,  352. 

papuana  (Ehodoga,stria),  485. 

Paracydas,  467,  468. 

Paradmeta,  378. 

Parageniaspis,  154,  155. 

Paralaesthia,  188. 

Paralipsa,  37-9. 

parallelifascia  (Metanastria),  453. 

Paranii^tatus,  164-6. 

Paranerita,  477-9. 

Paraphomia,  19,  37. 

Paraphycita,  21,  54. 

Pararge,  109,  112,  113,322. 

Parasciatheras,  189,  190. 

parasitica  (Tirathaba),  34. 

parasiticus  (Melissoblaptes),  34. 

Parazanclodcs,  21,  23. 

Parazeuxis,  378. 

paredra  (Problepsis),  312. 

Parlsoma,  454,  459. 

Parnassius,  319. 

Paroxyptera,  19,  27. 

parvifrons  (Gallinula),  268. 

parvimacula  (.-intitrj'godes),  307,  308. 

parvirostris  (Tetrao),  292. 

pasiphae  (Coenonymplia),  322. 

—  (Epinephele),  115,  116. 

—  (Papilio),  116. 
Passer.  454,  456,  457. 
pauxilla  (Gallinula),  269. 
pavonia  (Phalaena).  373. 

—  (Saturnia),  371-3. 
pechi  (Anthocharis),  80. 

—  (Euchloe),  63,  80,  83,  319. 
pelagia  (Melanargia),  110,  321. 
pelliouella  (Tinea),  17,  19. 
pellucida  (Turuptiana).  484. 
Pempelia,  51. 

penella  (Heterogynis),  346. 
percivali  (Tschagra),  454. 
Percnia,  317. 

Perdix,  276,  277,  279,  281-5,  288. 
perdix  (Perdix),  283,  284. 
Pergesa,  331,  332,  409. 
perlineosa  (Automolis),  480. 
peropalinus  (Phasicnecus),  492. 
persoripta  (Casoera),  248. 
persious  (Phasianus),  449. 
perspicuifasoia  (Pseudojana),  487. 


521 


peruanus  (Paehyrhamphus),  410. 

peruvianus  (Rhynchocylus),  415. 

petri  (Harpya),  346,  347. 

petrochroa  (Agdistopis),  43,  44. 

Petronia,  454. 

petrosa  (Alectoris),  275. 

petrosus  (Ptilopachus),  276. 

—  (Tetrao),  275,  276. 

pewzowi  (Pliasianus),  447,  451. 

Phaenacra,  178,  179. 

phaenacroides  (Merallus),  179,  180. 

phaeopyga  (Porzana),  271,  272. 

phaeorrhoea  (Nygmia),  355,  356. 

Phalaeaa,  349,  355-8,  373,  393,  400,  403,  409, 

455. 
Phalera,  249,  253,  349. 
phaleroides  (Malocampa),  249. 
Pliasianus,  442-52. 
Phasicnecus,  491,  492. 
Philareta,  109. 
philippina  (Coenonympha),  322. 

—  (Epinephele),  115,  116. 

—  (Melanothrix),  464. 
philopalus  (Bombyx),  371. 

—  (Lemonia),  371. 
Philoponectroma,  145. 
Philydor,  500. 
phloeomima  (Aphomia),  40. 

—  (Hypolophota),  40. 
phoebe  (Melitaea),  98,  99. 
phoebearia  (Problepsis),  311. 
phoenicophila  (Streptopelia),  267,  292. 
phoenico^ona  (Balaenifrons),  58. 
phoenicuroides  (Lanius),  458. 

—  (Phoenicurus),  455-9. 

—  (Ruticilla),  460. 
Phoenicunis,  455,  459. 
phoenicurus  (Phoenicurus),  4G0. 
Phoneus,  454,  458. 
Phragmatobia,  396,  397. 
phragmatoccioides  (Turnaea).  257. 
Phryganopsis,  401. 
Phycitodes,  20,  26,  27. 
Phylloscopus,  455. 

physadia  (Teracolus),  120. 
pliysciata  (Trygodes),  385.  386. 
Picolaptes.  417. 
Picrogama,  22,  47,  48. 
pieta  (Rifargia),  256. 
picturata  (Cleophana),  63. 
piercei  (Ergavia),  375.  376. 
Pieris,  74,  75.  319. 
Pierisphysadia,  120. 
pierreti  (Ocnogyna),  394. 
pigra  (Ichthyura).  349. 
Pilorhinus,  456. 
pinastri  (Sphinx),  64,  328. 
pityocampa  (Phalaena),  349. 


pityocampa  (Thaumetopoea),  349. 
plagosa  (Chadisra),  252. 

—  (Paranerita),  478. 
plagosus  (Dendrocolaptes),  416. 
plana  (Diplodesma),  298. 
planalis  (Lamoria),  51. 
planata  (Diplodesma),  298. 
Planchesia,  410. 
platyrhyncha  (Anas),  275. 
Platyrhynchus,  414,  416. 
plenorbis  (Problepsis),  309. 
pleschanka  (Oenanthe),  455. 
plesiochora  (Rhodostrophia),  306. 
Ploceus,  454. 

plumbeiplaga  (Moresa),  261. 
plumbeola  (Ilema),  402. 
plumbeostrota  (Heterophyra),  382. 

—  (Semaeopus),  382. 
plumbolineella  (Doloessa),  25. 
plusiata  (Spatalia),  231. 
plusiotis  (Omichlis),  259. 
Plutodes,  307. 
Podagrion,  126,  127. 

podalirius  (Papilio),  70,  71,  318,  352. 

poeodes  (Heteromicta),  43. 

Polia,  63. 

poliocephala  (Gallinula),  266. 

poliocephalus  (Leptopogon),  413. 

—  (Porphyrio),  266,  267. 

■ —  (Rhynchocyclus),  414,  415. 

Poliospiza,  454. 

poliostola  (Heteromicta),  43. 

polychloros  (Vanessa),  62,  94,  95. 

Polygonia,  95,  96. 

Polynema,  229. 

pondicerianus  (Francolinus),  287,  288. 

—  (Tetrao),  287. 
Pontia,  75,  89. 
poppaea  (Berta),  .302. 

populi  (Amorplia),  325.  .'326,  332,  373,  409. 

—  (Sphinx),  326. 
porcellus  (Metospilus),  331. 

—  (Pergesa),  331,  3.32,  409. 
Porphyrio,  265-7. 
porphyrio  (Fuliea),  205. 

—  (Porphyrio),  265. 
Porthesia,  355.  356. 
Porthetria,  350,  358. 
Porzana,  271-4. 
postaurantia  (Plialera),  253. 
postbrunnea  (.Arhacia),  238. 
postica  (Cyllopodn),  391. 
postluteella  (Metaraphia),  31. 
postocliracea  (Euchloe),  84. 
postpalUda  (Lirmiris).  238. 

—  (Paracydas),  468. 
postrasea  (Paranerita),  477. 
posttriangulum  (Rhuda),  2.50. 


622 


powelli  (Chonderostega),  359. 

—  (Cymbalophora),  398. 

—  (Euprepia),  399. 

—  (Holcocerus),  408. 

—  (Hybocampa),  349. 

—  (Ichtliyura),  349. 

—  (Pachypasa),  370. 

—  (PhragmaUjbia),  396. 

—  (Pygaera),  349. 

—  (Satyrus),  62,  104,  321. 

—  (Trichosoma).  396. 

—  (Zygaena),  335,  336,  341. 
praestans  (Zygaena).  342. 
prasina  (Procris),  .34o. 
prasinana  (Tortrix),  19. 
Pra.siuocyma,  296,  428. 
Prasinoxena,  20,  23,  24. 
priamus  (Troide.s),  427. 
prieuri  (Chazara),  103. 

—  (Satyrus),  103,  322. 
principalis  (Phasianu.":).  442,  443,  449. 
Prinia,  455. 

prisca  (Notolopluis),  354. 
privativa  (Antitrygodes),  307,  308. 
proavitella  (Aphomia),  55. 

—  (Archigalleria),  55. 
Problepsiodes,  309,  311. 
Problep,sis,  309-12,  430-2. 
probleptica  (Somatina),  429. 
probola  (Celerena),  293. 
procida  (Melanargia),  110. 
Procris,  337,  343-5. 
prodigiosum  (Allotriozoon).  124. 
prodroma  (Celerena),  293. 
proemia  (Cleora),  435. 
proserpina  (Melanergon),  467. 
—  (Proserpina),  332. 
Proserpinus,  3.32. 
Prosthenia,  22,  48. 
Protop.-irce,  59,  60. 

protus  (Dinarmolaelaps),  172. 
proxima  (Cliilena),  308. 
Prunella,  460. 
Pseudacanthis,  454. 
pseudamaxia  (Eriostepta),  477. 
Pseudanastatu.s,  102,  163,  164. 
Pseudhemithea,  429. 
pseudoacraeina  (Melitaea),  102. 
Pseudocolaptes,  499.  500. 
pseudocomplana  (Tirathaba),  33. 
pseudofalacra  (Halisidota),  482. 
Pseudojana,  487. 
pseudolibatrix  (Omichles),  259. 
pseudonymus  (Euchloe),  83,  84. 
pseudosmerinthus  (Antaea),  263. 
pseudostrigina  (Jana),  487. 
Pailacron,  239,  240. 
Psilucambogia,  392. 


Psilura,  357. 

psittacoklla  (Prosthenia).  48. 

psolopasta  (Acara),  49. 

Pterocles,  284,  285-7. 

Pteromalus,  204. 

Pterostoma,  349. 

Ptilopacbus,  276. 

ptilorliyncha  (Xumida),  455. 

Ptocliopliyle,  313,  433. 

Ptychopoda,  389,  390. 

pubescens  (AlectorLs),  278,  280,  281. 

pudens  (Ocnogyna),  395. 

—  (Trichosoma),  395. 
pudica  (Bombyx),  398. 

—  (Cymbalopliora),  39S. 
pulchella  (Phalaena),  400. 

—  (Sympiesomorplia),  210. 

—  (Utetheisa),  400. 
pulcheria  (Naprepa),  231. 
pulchricolor  (Melanothrix),  463,  464,  465. 
pulverea  (Anerastidia),  28. 
pulverimargo  (Clirysocraspeda),  313. 
punctata  (Dyasia),  236. 

—  (Dysauxes),  345. 

—  (Semaeopus),  383. 
p\inctatus  (Erionotus),  496. 

—  (Lanius),  496. 

—  (Thamnophilus),  496,  497. 
puncticollis  (Dendrocolaptes),  417. 
punctimaculata  (Percnia),  317. 
punica  (Melitaea),  98. 
puntigera  (Parazeuxis),  378. 
purpurascens  (Stauiopus),  242. 
purpurella  (Tirathaba),  34. 
piirpureoplaga  (Semaeopus),  385. 
purpureotincta  (Cathayia),  46. 
pustulata  (Morplieis),  56. 
Pycnonotus,  267,  292,  4.55,  461.  462. 
Pygaera,  349. 

pygmeola  (Ilema),  402. 
Pyralis,  403,  404. 
Pyrameis,  93,  94,  321. 
pyrenaica  (Apantesis),  438. 
pyri  (Saturnia),  372. 
pyrina  (Plialaena),  409. 
—  (Zeuzera),  409. 
pyrrha  (Cargida),  232. 
Pyrrhochcira,  456. 
pyrrhogona  (Pyrrhorachis),  305. 
Pyrrhorachis,  305. 
pyrrhorhoa  (Gallinula),  209. 


Racheospila,  376,  377. 

Rachistus,  228. 

radiata  (Melanothrix),  463,  4C4,  465. 

Rallus,  271,  273. 

rapae  (Ganoris),  74. 


623 


rapae  (Pieris),  74,  319. 
raphani  (Leueochloe),  75,  76. 
reducta  (Automolis),  480. 

—  (Hemithea),  297. 
reibellii  (Hypopta),  406. 
reichenowi  (Pycnonotus),  455,  461,  462. 
regis  (Troides),  427. 

remipedalis  (Acracona),  30. 
repanda  (Bombyx),  370. 

—  (Pachypasa),  370. 

—  (Taragama),  371. 
revayana  (Sarrothripus),  404. 

—  (Tortrix),  404. 
rhabdota  (lodis),  300. 
Rhadinomphax,  429. 
rhamni  (Ganoris),  75. 

—  (Gonepteryx),  91,  320. 
Rhectophlebia,  20,  27. 
rhingiaeformis  (Se.sia),  350,  352. 
Rhodogastria,  485. 
rhodoneura  {Aneia.stidia),  28. 
I'hodoptera  (Haplojana),  489. 
Rhodostrophia,  300. 

Rhuda,  249,  250. 
Rhynchocyclus,  414-16. 
ridgwayi  (Xenops),  417,  418. 
Rifargia,  254-6. 
Riparia,  455. 
ritsimae  (Crinodes),  235. 
rivularis  (Cymbalophora),  399. 
Robinsonia,  475. 
roboraria  (Boarmia),  315,  316. 
Roeselia,  404. 
romana  (Euchloe),  81. 
romanides  (Euchloe),  81. 
rondelaria  (Sabaria),  316. 
rosea  (Pbaaicnecus),  491. 
ro.seata  (Jana),  487. 
roseilinea  (Ethopia),  31,  32. 
roseivena  (Ergavia),  376. 
rosella  (Aphomia),  39. 

—  (Tirathaba),  39. 

—  (Zatrephes),  476. 
Rosema,  261. 

rosenbergi  (Xiphorhynchus),  419. 
roseobrunnea  (Haplojana),  489. 
rosseliana  (Cotana),  471,  472. 
rubea  (Ocneria),  358. 

—  (Phalaena),  358. 
ruberrima  (Hemijana),  490. 
rubi  (Macrothylacia),  369. 

—  (Metanastria),  453. 
rubicola  (Motacilla),  460. 

—  (Saxicola),  455,  460,  461. 
rubicunda  (Antiptilotis),  35. 
rubida  (Dysephyra),  378. 

—  (Semaeopus),  383. 
rubiginosus  (Rallus),  271. 


rubra  (C'artaletis^,  428. 

—  (Perdix),  279. 

rubrella  (Omphalophora),  52. 
rubrescens  (Cotana),  473,  474. 
rubrimargo  (Hemistola),  300. 
rubrosignata  (Paranerita),  479. 
rufeola  (Apaidia),  403. 

—  (Lithosia),  403. 
rufeseens  (Dipara),  180. 

—  (Stauropus),  244. 
rufibarba  (Estrilda),  454. 
ruficostella  (Lamoria),  51. 
rufinella  (Aphomia),  .38. 
rufipennis  (Myiozetetes),  412,  413. 
rufitarsus  (Rhodogastria),  485. 
rufivena  (Lamoria),  33. 

—  (Tirathaba),  33. 
rufobrunnea  (Tarsolepis),  252. 
rufocinerea  (Monticola),  455,  459. 

—  (Saxicola),  459. 
rufocinnamomia  (Hapigia),  263. 
rufoseriata  (Racheospila),  376. 
rufovenalis  (MelLs.soblaptes),  33. 
rufula  (Hiruudo),  455. 
rufulus  (Anthus),  454,  458. 
rumina  (Thais),  71,  72,  318. 
nipestris  (Riparia),  455. 

—  (Tetrao),  292. 
ruptilinea  (Lamoria),  33. 
rustica  (Hirundo),  455. 
rusticola  (Scolopax),  437. 
Ruticilla,  400. 

rutilus  (Xenops),  418. 


Sabaria,  316. 
sabella  (Arenipses),  36. 
sabourodi  (Anydrophila),  64. 
sabulosa  (Anumela),  63. 
saccharina  (Eldana),  29. 
saehaUnensis  (Tetrao),  292. 
saharae  (Dyspessa),  406. 

—  (Papilio),  69,  70,  318. 
sandvicensis  (Gallinula),  269. 
sanguinipuncta  (Metallochlora),  296,  297. 
saphiroi  (Anthus),  458. 
sapo7hnikovi  (Melissoblaptes),  39. 
sarcodes  (Callionyma),  26. 

—  (Eucallionyma),  26. 
sarpedon  (Zygaena),  334,  336. 
Sarrothripus,  404. 
sarudnyi  (Francolinus),  289. 
satis  bona  (Cotana),  471. 
satisfacta  (Metallochlora),  296,  297. 
Batrapa  (Tyrannus),  412. 
Batscheuensis  (Phasianus),  449,  452. 
saturata  (Digjossopis),  494. 
Saturnia,  371-3. 


524 


Satyrus,  62,  102-9,  114,  117,  321,  322. 
aauberi  (Hornigia),  48. 
saxatilis  (Alectoris),  277. 

—  (Caceabis).  275.  277. 
Saxicola,  10.  11,  16,  455,  460,  461. 
Scalmicauda,  260. 

schausi  (Crinodes),  235. 

sohensinensis  (Phasianus),  447,  451. 

achimperi  (Columba),  462. 

Schistotheca,  22,  49,  50. 

SchoenobioUes,  21,  57. 

schwarzi  (Euryrhopalu.s),  149. 

Sciatheras,  188. 

Seiatherelhis,  189,  192,  193. 

Sciatherodes,  188,  189. 

sclateri  (Monticola),  455,  459. 

■ —  (Rhynchocyclus),  415. 

Sclateria,  499. 

Scoliopteryx.  259. 

Scolopax,  437. 

Scopula,  312. 

Scotocerca,  455. 

Scotteus,  151,  152. 

scriptaria  (Eupithecia),  433,  434. 

sebdouensis  (Notolophus),  355. 

—  (Orgyia),  355. 
sebertianus  (Sycoryctes),  126. 
seilerni  (Dendrocolaptcs),  41". 
Seirarctia,  483. 

seitzi  (Argynnis),  96,  321. 

—  (Pachygastria),  364. 
seleniaca  (Notolophus),  353. 
Semaeopus,  378-85. 

semele  (Eumenis),  103,  104,  109. 

—  (Satyrus),  103,  104,  322. 
semenowi  (Emberiza),  454. 
semicaeca  (Semaeopus),  379. 
semicaerulea  (Halcyon),  455. 
Seraidalis,  151. 
semifoedalis  (Botys),  34. 

—  (Tirathaba),  34. 
semiochrea  (Cleora).  315. 
semitorquatus  (Phasianus),  450,  451. 
semperi  (Melanothrix),  465. 
senator  (Lanius),  454,  458. 
senegalensis  (Streptopelia),  267,  292.  4.55. 
senegalus  (Telephonus),  292. 

Senta,  37. 

septentrionalis  (Phasianus),  442,  449. 
sequestrata  (Episothalma),  297. 
sericeus  (Psilacron),  239. 

—  (Tarsolepis),  252. 
Serinus,  454. 
seriziati  (Zygaena),  337. 
serrula  (Bombyx),  362. 

—  (Pachygastria),  362,  363,  366. 
servula  (Dysauxes),  345. 

—  (Noolia),  345. 


Sesia,  350,  352. 

setakwensis  (Cotana),  472. 
setophagoides  (Elainea).  494,  495. 
seychellcnse  (Allotrizoon),  123,  124. 

—  (Polynema),  229. 
sliawi  (Phasianus),  450. 
shevaroyensis  (Apona),  487. 
sigillata  (Semaeopus),  384. 
signatoria  (Ocneria),  358. 
sikkimensis  (Stauropus).  245. 
silhouettae  (Gonatoeerus),  228. 
silvestrii  (Crossogaster),  126. 
similinotata  (Problepsis),  431. 
similis  (Antaxia),  479. 

—  (Anthus),  458. 

—  (Phasicnecus),  491. 

—  (Porthesia),  355. 
simiUima  (Rhodogastria),  485. 
simulatrix  (Diplura).  361,  362. 
sinaica  (Alectoris),  278,  279. 
sinensis  (Apona),  486. 

—  (Palerisa),  486. 

—  (Rhodostrophia),  306. 
smaragdonotus  (Porphyrio),  265. 
smerintha  (Morpheis),  56. 

—  (Myelobia),  56. 
Smerinthus.  325,  326,  373. 
Bociella  (Aphomia),  37,  38. 

—  (MeHa),  37. 

—  (Meliana),  37. 

—  (Senta),  37. 

—  (Tinea),  17,  19,37,38,5'. 
sodalis  (Chalcis).  122.  128,  129. 
sohokhotensis  (Phasianus),  451. 
sokotrae  (Anthus),  457,  458. 
solida  (Prasinocyma),  296. 
solitarius  (Monticola),  455. 
Somabrachys,  394. 
Somatina,  306,  385,  429,  430. 
sommeri  (Tarsolepis),  252. 
sordida  (Automolis),  480. 

—  (Chilena),  368. 

—  (Seirarctia),  483. 
sordidella  (Aphomia).  40. 

—  (Gyrtona).  40. 

sordidior  (Lambessa),  365.  366.  307. 
sordidula  (Ilema),  402. 

—  (J.ithosia).  402. 

sordidus  (Anthus),  454,  4,57,  458. 
soricis  (Haplojana),  489. 
soror  (Automolis),  481. 

—  (Procris),  343. 
Spalangia,  188,  194,  195. 
Spatalia,  231. 

spatzi  (Alectoris),  277. 
Sphegigastrella,  183,  184. 
sphenurus  (Accipiter).  456. 

—  (Astur).  455. 


626 


Sphinctocera,  17,23,55. 
Sphinx,  19,  64,  325-32. 
spliyrus  (Papilio),  67. 
spilopterus  (Pachycrepis),  185,  186. 
Spilosoma,  395. 
splendida  (.\crojana),  492. 

—  (Notolopluis),  350,  351-4. 
spoliatrix  (Aphomia),  38. 
squalida  (Celama),  403. 

—  (Nola),  403. 
squalidaria  (Sabaria),  316. 
squamicep.s  (Argya),  455. 

—  (Crateropus),  455. 
Stagnicola,  268. 
stapazina  (Saxioola),  10,  16. 
Statia,  22,  26. 

statilinus  (Satyrus),  104,  108. 
staudingeri  (Amorpha),  .326. 

—  (Bombyx),  367. 

—  (Lambesf-a)  365,  366-368. 

—  (Zygaena),  333,  336. 
Staunipus,  241-6. 
steinbachi  (Rifargia),  255. 

—  (Turuptiana),  484. 
stellatanim  (Macroglossum),  331,  332. 

—  (Sphinx),  331. 
Stenachroia,  20,  28,  29. 
Stenelachistus,  201-3. 
Stenomesioideus,  201. 
stenopepla  (Aphomia),  39. 

—  (ParaUpsa),  39. 

stictococci  (Tetrastichus),  212,  224. 
stigmaria  (Ergavia),  376. 
stigmatica  (Dyasia),  236. 

—  (Trichomoplata),  241. 
Stilbula.  121,  141,  142. 

strauchi  (Phasianu.s),  445,  446,  447,  451. 
streperus  (Acrocephalus),  455,  458. 
StreptopeUa,  267,  292,  455. 
striata  (Acara),  57. 

—  (Chadisra),  252. 

—  (Galerida),  439. 

—  (Muscicapa),  455. 

—  (Schoenobiodes),  57. 
striaticeps  (Pseudocolaptes),  499. 
strigata  (Hoplitis),  250. 
strigina  (Jana),  487. 
sti'igularia  (Omiza),  307. 

—  (Plutodes),  307. 
striolata  (Crinodes),  235. 
suavis  (Dyspessa),  406,  407. 
subaequahs  (Antitrygode.s),  308. 
subaurata  (Episothalma).  297. 
subchlamydula  (Celama),  403. 

—  (Nola),  403. 
suberifoha  (Epicnaptera),  370. 

—  (Lasiocampa),  370. 
subexpressa  (Diplodesma),  298. 


subflavida  (Hemithea),  297. 
subgaudiahs  (Neritos),  479. 
subjunctiva  (Problepsis),  309. 
subleprosa  (Hypodoxa),  293. 
sublineata  (Automolis).  480. 
subpallida  (Alectoris),  280. 
subpallidus  (Caccabis),  280. 
subradiatus  (Thamnophilus),  497,  498. 
subreetistriga  (Berta),  302. 
subrufescens  (Chloropteryx).  377,  378. 
subrufula  (Antiora),  232. 
.subrugosa  (Semaeopus),  380. 
subscriptaria  (Eupithecia),  433. 
subterra  (Elysius),  481. 
succinota  (Ornithospila),  295. 
siiehschanensis  (Phasianus),  451. 
sufiusa  (Epimorius),  45. 
suffusus  (Epimorius),  45. 
sulphurescens  (Platyrhynchus),  414. 

—  (Rhynchocyclus),  414-16. 
superans  (Problepsis),  309. 
superba  (Elysius),  481. 
superciliaris  (Leptopogon),  413,  414. 

—  (Platyrhynchus),  416. 
superciliosus  (Centropus),  455. 
swainsoni  (Myrmeciza),  498. 
swinhoei  (Cyanopica),  493. 
Sycoryctes,  126. 

sylivicola  (Satyrus),  321. 

syllius  (Melanargia),  110,  111,  321. 

Sylvia,  454,  459. 

.sylvicola  (Satyrus),  104,  105,  106. 

Symphycus.  149,  150. 

Sympiesidum,  206. 

Sympiesis,  204,  205. 

Sympiesomorpha,  208-10. 

SynaUaxis,  498. 

Syntomosphyrum,  225. 

syra  (C'erura),  347. 

syracusia  (Zygaena),  337,  338. 


tacanovella  (Coleoneura),  32. 

Tachida,  235. 

tagis  (Anthocharis),  84. 

—  (Euchloe),  63,  80,  83,  319. 

Tagora,  486. 

tahapisi  (Emberiza),  454,  457. 

taUschensis  (Phasianus),  442,  449. 

Tanaotriohia,  306. 

Taragama,  371. 

tardinata  (Galerida),  454. 

tarimensis  (Phasianus),  449,  451. 

Tareolepis,  252. 

taurica  (Euchloe),  81,  82. 

Tchitrea,  455,  462. 

Telephonus,  267,  292. 

tenebrosa  (Eragisa),  234. 


526 


tenebrosus  (Melissoblaptes),  38. 

tenuicornis  (Procris),  344,  345. 

tenuifascia  (Automolis),  481. 

tenuilinea  (Metalloclilora),  296. 

tenuirostris  (Xenops),  41S. 

Teracolus,  64,  75,  77,  88,  89,  120,  320. 

terebra  (Cossus),  254. 

terebrator  (Podagrion),  126,  127. 

terebroides  (Rifargia),  254. 

tergilinea  (Semaeopus),  384. 

ter-meuleni  (Ammoperdix),  281,  282. 

terra  (Elj-sius),  481. 

terrenella  (Aphomia),  39. 

tessalensis  (Epinephele),  115,  116. 

testaceella  (Epimorius),  45. 

testaceitar.sis  (Hockeria),  121,  122,  132. 

testudo  (Vanessa),  62. 

Tetrao,  275,  276,  284,  285-7,  292. 

Tetrastichus.  122,  212-24,  217,  220,  224. 

Thagora,  25. 

Thais,  71,  72,  312. 

Thalassode,s,  296. 

Thalerura,  295. 

Thamnophilus,  496-8. 

Thaumetopoea,  349. 

theioneurus  (Tetrastichus),  212,  215,  216. 

Theoculax,  189. 

theryi  (Zygaena),  63,  342.  343. 

thetis  (Papilio),  110. 

thevestis  (Zygaena),  333,  337. 

thornei  (Francolinus),  290,  291. 

thrysoides  (Coenonympha),  119. 

tigelius  (Pararge),  322. 

Tinea,  17.  37-9,  44.  51-3. 

tingitana  (Chonderostega),  359. 

tingitanus  (Asicj),  267,  292. 

Tirathaba,  21,  32-5,  39. 

tityus  (Haemorrhagia),  332. 

—  (Sphinx),  332. 
Tlema,  401. 

tobagensis  (Thamnophihis),  497,  498. 
Tortrix,  19,  404. 
togatulalia  (Pyralis),  404. 

—  (Roeselia),  404. 

torquata  (Saxicola),  455,  460,  461. 

torquatus  (Phasianus),  445,  446,  447,  448,  452. 

Totanus,  455. 

Trachylepidia,  20,  36,  37. 

tranquilla  (Prasinocyma),  428. 

transiens  (Notolophus),  355. 

—  (Orgyia),  355. 
transilineella  (Corcyra),  36. 
translucida  (Paranerita),  478. 
triangula  (Euchloe),  81. 
tribunella  (Tinea),  38. 
Tricentra,  387,  388. 
trichogramma  (Coloeneura),  32. 

—  (Hetcromiota),  32. 


triohogramma  (Tirathaba),  32. 
Trichomoptata,  240,  241. 
trichops  (Syntomosphyrum),  225. 
Tricliosoma,  352.  394-6. 
trichotum  (Sciatheram).  188. 
tricolor  (Aximopsis),  141. 
trifolii(Bombyx),  365. 

—  (Pachygastria),  363,  364,  365. 

—  (Zygaena),  332,  333,  338. 
triformis  (Crossogaster),  126. 
trigotephras  (Notolophus),  354,  355. 

—  (Orgyia),  355. 
trinacriae  (Euchloe),  81. 
Tringa,  455. 
trinitatis  (Elaenia),  411. 

—  (Sclateria),  499. 
tripartitella  (Aphomia),  43. 

—  (Heteromicta),  43. 
triplagosus  (Stauropus),  243. 
tristrami  (Hagiopsar),  454. 

—  (Onychognathus),  454,  456. 
tristriatus  (Francolinus),  288. 
trivialis  (Anthus),  454. 
Troides,  426,  427. 
Tropidogastra,  179. 
truncata  (Lirmiris),  237. 
Trygodes,  378,  385-7. 
trygodata  (Semaeopus),  378. 
Tschagra,  454. 

tschardjuensis  (Phasianus),  443,  444,  450. 

Tugela,  50,  51. 

tuisa  (Rhuda),  250. 

tunetanus  (Hepialus),  405. 

turatii  (Euchloe).  81. 

turbata  (Nobilia),  307,  308. 

turcestanicus  (Phasianus),  449,  451. 

turcica  (Notolophus),  353,  354. 

Turdus,  455. 

turgescens  (Pyrrhorachis),  305. 

Turnaca,  257,  258. 

turneri  (Hypercydas),  473. 

Turuptiana,  483,  484. 

Tyana,  25. 

Tympanophora,  399. 

Tyrannula,  410. 

Tyrannus,  412. 

tyrianthina  (Dysphania),  294. 


ulala  (Dyspessa),  406,  407. 
umbripennis  (Notolophus),  353. 

—  (Orgyia),  353. 
umbrovirens  (Cryptolopha),  455. 
uncinula  (Drepana),  393. 

—  (Phalaena),  393. 
underwoodi  (Elysius),  481. 
undulata  (Bombyx),  363. 

—  (Pachygastria),  362,  363. 


527 


unicolor  (Aphomia),  40. 

—  (Hombergia),  58. 

—  (Melisaoblaptes),  40. 
unicolorella  (Mucialla).  35. 

—  (Tirathaba).  35. 
uniformis  (Casaina),  359. 

—  (Ocneria).  359. 
uniola  (Ilema),  401. 

—  (Lithosia),  401. 
iinipimcta  (Phryganopsis),  401. 
unirufa  (Synalla.xi.s),  498. 
unistrigata  (Cotana),  472. 

—  (Nerricumpressa),  473. 
Uriella.  179. 

urooera  (Cerura),  34S. 

—  (Dicranuia),  348. 
urogalloide-s  (Tetrao).  ^92. 
urogallus  (Tetrao),  292. 
uropygialis  (Serinus).  454. 
urvilleanus  (Troides),  427. 
ussuriiu'ia  (Diplodesma),  29S. 
u.ssuriensis  (Phasianus),  44S,  4.52. 
Utetlieisa,  400. 


vaaleiisis  (Antlius),  45S. 
valentiiii  (Zygaena),  333.  335. 
validiLs  (DendrocolapU'.n),  41lj,  4  17. 
vallantini  (Bombyx),  371. 

—  (Lemonia),  371. 
Vanessa.  62,  94,  95,  321. 
variegata  (Cascera),  248. 

—  (Cotaua).  470. 

—  (Embryoglossa),  54.  55. 

—  (Hemijana),  490. 

—  (Jana),  488. 
variegatella  (Aphomia),  41. 

—  (Melissoblapte.-i),  41. 
variegaticep.s  (Tliaranophilus),  497. 
variifrons  (Racheo.spila),  377. 
varioatigma  (Discoglj'pha),  307. 
vaucheri  (Coenonympha),  120. 

—  (Lasiocampa),  363,  364. 

—  (Pachygastria),  363,  364. 
vaulogeri  (DyBpe.ssa),  400. 

—  (Hypopta),  400. 
vehuinella  (^legarthria).  54. 
veiiezuelea.'iis  (Leptopogon),  413. 
veninotata  (Gelasma),  295. 
ventralis  (Enoyrtus),  153. 
venturii  (Ergavia),  376. 
vernetensis  (Zygaena),  334,  336. 
versicolor  (Phasianus),  449,  452. 
Vespa,  17. 

vesjiertilio  (Celcrio),  332. 
vestalis  (Protiiparoe),  59,  60. 

—  (Somatjna).  431.1, 

vestita  (Semaeopiw),  383,  384. 
3C 


Teterum  (Porphyrio).  266. 
Viana,  492. 

victoriae  (Troides),  427. 
vidua  (Melanergon),  467. 
viduus  (Geniaspidius),  155-0. 
villica  (Arctia).  397,  398,  409. 

—  (Chelonia),  397,  398. 
vinacearia  (Rhodostrophia),  30li. 
Vinago,  455. 

Vindana,  53. 

vineteella  (Paraphomia),  37. 

vinotincta  (Aphomia),  39. 

—  (iIelis.sobIapte.s),  39. 
vinula  (Dicramira),  348,  373. 
violaceu.s  (Paranastatus),  105,  100. 
virago  (Lambessa),  300,  367. 
viren.s  (Cascera),  247. 

virescens  (Lamoria),  52. 

—  (Notoglyptus).  181,  182, 
virgatus  (Accipiler),  273. 
virginalis  (Somatina),  430. 
virgo  (Chilena),  368,  369. 
vindana  (Tortri.x),  19. 
viridi  (Pulica),  265. 
viridinitens  (Stauropui-),  242. 
viridiplaga  (Semaeopus),  379. 
viridij)lena  (Trygodes),  386. 
viridis  (Doloessa),  25. 

—  (Pachyrliamphus),  410. 

—  (Tohitrea),  455,  402. 
viridissima  (Prasinoxena),  24. 
viridogrisea  (Stauropu,s),  243. 
vitrina  (Zygaena),  333,  336,  337. 
Vobrix,  44. 

vlangalii  (Pliasianus),  446,  452. 
vulgaris  (Francolinus),  288. 

—  (Problepsis),  310,  311,  312. 

waalia  (Vinago),  455. 
warionis  (Albarraciiia),  359. 

—  (Bombyx),  359. 

werae  (Alectoris),  278,  279. 
wiglesworthi  (Authreptes),  323. 
Tiiika  (Hemithea),  298. 

xantliomelaena  (Oeuanthe),  1.  10. 
xanthomelas  (Melanothrix),  463,  400. 

—  (Vanessa),  95. 
xanthopus  (Zeteticontus),  140. 
xanthupygos  (Pycnonotus),  455,  401,  462. 
xanthorroea  (Euproctis),  357. 

—  (Nygmia),  357. 
xanthodeta  (Ptychopoda),  390. 
Xenopt^,  417,  41S. 
Xenostigma,  378. 
Xiphorhynchus,  419. 
xyloryctella  (Prostlicuia).  48. 


528 

xynUi  (lodis),  301. 

yemenensis  (Cryptolopha),  455. 

—  (Lanius),  458. 

—  (Ocnanthe),  455,  4G1. 

—  (Prinia),  455. 

—  (Pseudacanthis),  454. 
yemensis  (Argya),  455. 

—  (Grateropus),  455. 
yerburyi  (Cercomela),  4BI. 

Zapornia,  271,  272. 


zarudnyi  (Phasianus),  443,  444,  445,  4oU. 

Zatrephes,  476. 

zenkeri  (Anthus),  458. 

ZeteticontuB,  14(3.  147. 

zetterstedtii  (Habi-olepido),  157. 

Zeuzera.  409. 

zeuzeroides  (Nystalua),  233. 

Zosterops,  454. 

zuleika  (Zygaena),  Ij4. 

zuleima  (Zygaena),  334. 

Zygaena,  62,  63,  04,  332-43. 

zygophy.\ia  (Berta),  302. 


Friiucd  by  Hazell,  WatiQti  ifr   Vincij,  Ld.,  London  and  Ayleshunj. 


s 


L  b^ 


EXPLANATIONS   OF   PLATE   IV. 

No.     1 .  Gargelta  albostigmata  Rotlisch.  (Cargetta  in  text,  err. 

2.  Hapigiodes  Jclagesi  Rothsch.        -         _         .         . 

3.  Oniichlis  plusiotis  Rothsch. 

4.  Bardaxiyna  castayieobrunnea  Rothsch. 

5.  Lirimiris  euribya  Druce 

6.  Moresa  hieroglyphica  Rothsch.    - 

7.  Hoplitis  insignifica  Rothsch. 

8.  Rijargia  biplaga  Rothsch. 

9.  Trichomoplata  dimorpha  Rothsch.  $ 

10.  Lirimiris  elongata  Schaus  ?        -         - 

11.  ,,  ,,  orientalis  Rothsch.   3 

12.  Gargetia  bipuncta  Rothsch.  {Cargetta  iii  text,  err.) 

13.  Lirimiris  lemoulti  Rothsch. 

14.  Macronadata  brunnea  Rothsch.  - 

15.  Brachychira  olivaceofusca  Rothsch.  {Pachychira  in  text,  err 

16.  Tarsolepis  japonica  WUeman 


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